Légendes marines de la vie réelle qui semblent être des mythes

Sympa

Imaginez nager dans l'océan et vous retrouver face à face avec des créatures qui semblent tout droit sorties d'un film de science-fiction. Prenez le mégalodon, par exemple, un énorme requin préhistorique qui pourrait facilement avaler un petit bateau—heureusement, il est éteint ! Ensuite, il y a le calmar colossal, avec des yeux de la taille de plats à dîner et des tentacules pouvant atteindre jusqu'à 14 mètres de long. Les marins ont raconté des histoires du Kraken, un monstre marin légendaire qui pouvait soi-disant entraîner des navires entiers sous l'eau. Voyons lesquels d'entre eux sont réels, et lesquels - pas tellement.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00It is the largest and fiercest predator to have ever haunted the oceans.

00:05The Megalodon shark dominated the seas for centuries, before vanishing millions of years ago.

00:11However, scientists have managed to discover very little of the giant shark's remains.

00:15All we know about the great monster of the seas,

00:18we have learned thanks to the fossils of these giant teeth,

00:21which are about the size of an average human hand.

00:23Scientists have estimated the size of the prehistoric shark

00:26using calculations based on the length of a Megalodon tooth.

00:30On average, the length of a Megalodon was 10 meters.

00:33The largest specimens could reach up to 17 meters long.

00:37However, these giant sharks were perhaps even bigger than we think.

00:42At the Museum of Natural History of Florida,

00:44a group of students examined replicas of Megalodon teeth,

00:47printed in 3D, to calculate the size of the shark using the tooth length method.

00:52But something was wrong.

00:54Each student calculated a different size for the same shark.

00:58Their estimates ranged from 12 meters to 55 meters.

01:02The paleontologist in charge of the project took a look at the students' equations.

01:06He realized that the method they had used to calculate the size of the Megalodon

01:10for decades was not at all accurate.

01:13They therefore invented a new method to calculate the size of the Megalodon,

01:17based on the width of the tooth instead of its length.

01:20It turned out that the average Megalodon would have measured about 20 meters long.

01:25It is almost twice the size that scientists had previously estimated,

01:29and this would mean that the average Megalodon had the length of two school buses.

01:33We have never discovered such a Megalodon skeleton.

01:36Shark skeletons are mainly made up of cartilage,

01:39which means that they break down quickly.

01:42Fortunately, shark teeth fall and grow back constantly throughout their life.

01:46A shark can have 40,000 teeth in a single life.

01:49Scientists have therefore succeeded in studying different types of sharks

01:53based solely on their teeth.

01:55The Megalodon had about 276 teeth.

01:59When it fell, its teeth landed in the seabed,

02:02where they remained for millions of years, fossilizing.

02:05Scientists found its teeth,

02:07and they are the only real trace we have of the existence of the monster.

02:11The word Megalodon also means giant tooth.

02:14Its tooth is about 18 centimeters long.

02:17For comparison, the largest tooth of a white shark is only 7 centimeters long.

02:22To find a larger set of teeth,

02:25it would take 65 million years to find the great Tyrannosaurus rex,

02:29whose teeth were an impressive size of 30 centimeters.

02:33Megalodon teeth have been discovered all over the world.

02:37This means that, unlike other marine animals of its time,

02:40the Megalodon was intercontinental.

02:43Even today, most sharks and marine animals

02:47tend to stay in one sea or one ocean.

02:50On the contrary, the Megalodon swam freely around the world,

02:54moving between tropical and subtropical waters.

02:57Megalodon teeth have been found all over the world,

03:00except for the Antarctic glacial waters.

03:03When a Megalodon appears in a film or TV show,

03:07it is depicted as a giant version of a large white shark.

03:11Scientists used to think that the Megalodon and the large white shark

03:15came from a common ancestor.

03:17But this is not the case.

03:19In fact, it is more likely that the Megalodon

03:21was the half-sister of the ancestor of the large white shark,

03:24the Maco shark, with large teeth.

03:26This means that the Megalodon

03:28was perhaps not so similar to the large white shark after all.

03:31In reality, the Megalodon would have had a shorter muzzle than the large white shark,

03:35as well as longer pectoral fins

03:38which gave it a sharper and more menacing carcass.

03:41Not only was the Megalodon the largest shark in the world,

03:44but it was also one of the largest fish ever to exist.

03:48A super predator of this size

03:50must have needed a huge diet to stay in motion.

03:54The Megalodon would have eaten 1,150 kg of food every day.

03:59The Megalodon diet consisted of larger species of fish,

04:03dolphins and even other species of sharks.

04:06Scientists have discovered old fossilized whale bones

04:09with Megalodon teeth marks.

04:11This means that the Megalodon was not intimidated by their size

04:14and would have tried to feed on giant whales from the past.

04:18Scientists have carried out computer simulations

04:21to try to determine the hunting style of the old shark.

04:24Thanks to this technology,

04:26they have discovered that the Megalodon's attack style

04:29was very different from that of modern sharks.

04:32The Megalodon's teeth marked the most vulnerable part of their prey.

04:35For example, the soft belly of a seal.

04:37The Megalodon's teeth were particularly suitable

04:40for biting through more resistant cartilage areas.

04:43This suggests that the Megalodon

04:46started by chewing the most robust fins of its prey,

04:49making it unable to swim away

04:51before launching its final attack.

04:53The mouth of a Megalodon

04:55was about 3 meters wide and 2.7 meters high,

04:58which is big enough for you to swim in it

05:01without touching any teeth.

05:03But this would be a bad idea.

05:05Its mouth was so big

05:07that the Megalodon could swallow a small car

05:10without even having to bite into it.

05:12Research teams from Australia and the United States

05:15have collaborated to determine the bite force of the Megalodon

05:18using computer simulations.

05:20The results are terrifying.

05:22While the great modern white shark

05:24has a bite force of 1.8 tons,

05:26the Megalodon could easily bite its prey

05:29with a bite force of 18.2 tons.

05:32The Stonefish

05:35Stonefish don't win beauty contests,

05:38unless the contest is the one

05:40with the best rock appearance.

05:42Their small, non-reflective eyes

05:44and rough skin blend perfectly

05:46into their environment.

05:48A big head, an even bigger mouth,

05:50and a house full of...

05:52Yes, these are stones.

05:54And it's not because you're on the beach

05:56that you're safe.

05:58Stonefish can survive for 24 hours

06:00out of the water.

06:02Walking on one of them, or even manipulating it,

06:04wouldn't be very fun.

06:06The spines of their dorsal fins

06:08contain an extremely powerful venom.

06:10It's released when you walk on them

06:12and can cause paralysis

06:14or even a cardiac arrest.

06:16You'll need help, and quickly.

06:18No wonder it's one of the most dangerous creatures

06:21in the water or elsewhere.

06:23Be careful when you sneak into rocky areas.

06:26They love to play hide-and-seek.

06:29The Deep Sea Dragonfish

06:31If there was a price for the most

06:33horrible fish in the ocean,

06:35the Deep Sea Dragonfish would win.

06:37With its glowing skin,

06:39no scales, its huge teeth,

06:41and a face that only a mother could love,

06:43this nasty boy from the seas

06:45has nothing to fear.

06:47It likes to swim between 213m and 1829m

06:49under the surface of the ocean,

06:51where the waters are the darkest

06:53and the coldest.

06:55Like other creatures on this list,

06:57the Deep Sea Dragonfish uses

06:59the bioluminescent parts of its body

07:01to catch its prey.

07:03It also uses its appendix,

07:05which has a small red light

07:07at its end and comes out

07:09of its lower jaw.

07:11Many fish use this small light

07:13for a prey, which attracts them

07:15directly into the jaws of the Deep Sea Dragonfish.

07:17Very clever, dear Deep Sea Dragonfish,

07:19very clever indeed.

07:21The Ogre Fish

07:23The Deep Sea Dragonfish

07:25is an underwater pit

07:27with a depth of 10,668m,

07:29which is about 11km

07:31under the surface of the ocean.

07:33Let yourself sink.

07:35Scientists know that the Deep Sea Dragonfish

07:37exists, but it is one of the least explored

07:39places on the planet.

07:41It is also the deepest area

07:43of the oceans on Earth.

07:45And although many creatures

07:47have probably not yet been seen by man,

07:49scientists had the frightening pleasure

07:51of discovering it with the Ogre Fish.

07:53The Ogre Fish

07:55bears its name.

07:57Just look at this thing.

07:59This fish is a carnivore

08:01and feeds on about everything it can find

08:03and that is found in its mouth

08:05with pointy teeth.

08:07These fish rely on their chemical

08:09reception by contact to find their prey.

08:11In other words, they can feel

08:13the chemical residues from other living organisms

08:15in the deep waters.

08:17Indeed, they do not have

08:19a light inducer on their body,

08:21unlike many other deep-sea fish.

08:23In addition,

08:25it is rather dark there,

08:27so everything that crosses their path,

08:29they devour it.

08:31Although they look scary,

08:33they are not a threat to humans.

08:35They are only 18cm long.

08:37Nevertheless, I would not want to

08:39fall on one of them during a pleasant

08:41swim in the ocean.

08:43The Dinkleosteus

08:45Curiously,

08:47this prehistoric fish,

08:49nicknamed the Sea T-Rex,

08:51did not have teeth.

08:53It was replaced by bone plates

08:55that allowed it to have the strongest bite

08:57among the other monsters

08:59of its size.

09:01The Shark

09:03If you thought

09:05shark movies were scary,

09:07the next creature of the depths

09:09will make you swear

09:11never to dive in the ocean again.

09:13However, it lives at 914 meters

09:15under the water,

09:17and you will probably never see it face to face.

09:19The Goblin Shark

09:21looks like a cross between a shark

09:23and a creature from your worst nightmare.

09:25These sharks are endowed with a

09:27pro-eminent muzzle in the shape of a sword

09:29and a jaw that moves forward to adapt.

09:31Unlike other sharks

09:33that have a rather gray shade,

09:35this scary thing is not very pretty in pink.

09:37Apart from their scary behavior,

09:39what do scientists really know

09:41about the Goblin Shark?

09:43Well, not much,

09:45except that it can reach 5 meters long.

09:47It looks like there is still a lot

09:49to learn about these guys,

09:51if you dare to dive.

09:53By the way,

09:55did you know that sharks don't sleep?

09:57Many species have to let water flow

09:59through their gills to get oxygen.

10:01So they can't fall into a deep sleep

10:03like we do.

10:05That's why they stay half awake

10:07during their rest.

10:09Sharks don't even close their eyes.

10:15This shark is a living horror,

10:17with large and pointy lower teeth,

10:19while the upper teeth

10:21are much smaller.

10:23When its teeth fall,

10:25the shark eats them to get its calcium level.

10:27A rather smart solution

10:29for a shark.

10:31The Lizard Shark

10:33Studying the Lizard Shark

10:35is like looking through a portal

10:37to prehistoric times.

10:39Indeed, scientists think

10:41that these sharks,

10:43which look like eels,

10:45haven't changed much

10:47since their most ancient ancestors

10:49explored deep waters,

10:51so they are sometimes called

10:53living fossils.

10:55The mouth of these animals

10:57is filled with 25 terrifying rows

10:59of pointy teeth,

11:01oriented backwards.

11:03300 in total.

11:05According to the first studies on the shark,

11:07made in 1884,

11:09and published in the Essex Institute's

11:11bulletin,

11:13fortunately for swimmers,

11:15these animals live between 119m and 1280m

11:17under the surface of the ocean,

11:19so they will probably never meet them.

11:21Everything is in the

11:23probably.

11:25It's probably the worst nightmare

11:27of all dentists.

11:29The Astroscopus Guttatus

11:31Look at this little piece of shoe.

11:33The Astroscopus Guttatus

11:35is certainly not a creature

11:37you want to see at the bottom of the ocean.

11:39This horrible creature hides

11:41its body under the sand

11:43and leaves its face above

11:45to wait for its prey.

11:47Do you want to give a high-five

11:49to a marine creature?

11:51Well, raise your fins,

11:53or rather your hand,

11:55for the Tasmanian red-handed fish.

11:57This fish doesn't swim,

11:59it walks.

12:01And it is very often disturbed

12:03by swimmers and boats.

12:05Some people even want to

12:07bring them back as pets,

12:09but it is better to give them a simple sign

12:11of the hand and continue to swim.

12:13The Abyss Vampire

12:15Its scientific name is

12:17Vampirotetis Infernalis,

12:19which translates to

12:21Hell's Vampire Calamary.

12:23This calamary seems to aim

12:25to terrify everyone with its name,

12:27its dark red color,

12:29and the scary fact that it can

12:31turn inside like a sock.

12:33It loves to show off,

12:35but it is as harmless

12:37as a kitten for humans.

12:39It's as if Dracula was scaring you,

12:41but he didn't have a tail to suck blood.

12:43The Abyss Vampire

12:45feeds on food particles

12:47from plants and animal

12:49matter floating near the surface of the ocean.

12:51As it is not a predator,

12:53it needs an effective

12:55defensive strategy,

12:57the Vampire Calamary is designed

12:59to ward off large creatures

13:01that want to eat it.

13:03This retractor is also

13:05a defensive mechanism

13:07because the iridescent areas

13:09of the inner skin are more intimidating.

13:11It also expels a substance

13:13that has no color,

13:15but which is filled with

13:17bioluminescent particles

13:19to distract predators.

13:21The Pacific Seabird

13:23Going on a cruise

13:25The most menaced sea creature

13:27Wait, what?

13:29The Pacific Seabird is not dangerous,

13:31but don't expect it to stay in the dock

13:33to say hello or sign autographs.

13:35It is incredibly shy.

13:37This little cow,

13:39which is the meaning

13:41of its name in Spanish,

13:43is a tiny marine mammal.

13:45With its black marks around its eyes,

13:47it looks like a sea panda.

13:49Seeing one is a good luck,

13:51they are on the verge of extinction,

13:53especially because they accidentally get caught in the fishing nets.

13:57It is estimated that there are only 10 left in the wild.

14:01The blue dragon.

14:02This little creature seems to come out of a fantasy film for children.

14:06It is the Atlantic glocus, also called the blue dragon or sea hyrondale,

14:11which can be found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

14:16It is a kind of mollusk and it is only 3 cm long.

14:20What you think is its back is in fact the shiny belly of the mollusk.

14:24It floats regularly on its back so that its blue colors help it to camouflage in the waves.

14:29The blue dragon is not only pretty, it is also intelligent.

14:33It usually feeds on the Portuguese gallery, also known as Fisali.

14:38The blue dragon stores the urticaria cells of the latter to use them later.

14:43In a way, they thus steal these defensive mechanisms.

14:47When the blue dragon is threatened, it releases the urticaria cells it has stored

14:52and directs them towards the enemy to sting it with a power superior to that of the Fisali.

14:57As it can store a huge amount of urticaria cells, it can be a threat to humans.

15:03So if you see one, don't pick it up. It is preferable to admire it from afar.

15:09The returning one lives in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

15:13You may be wondering why a fish has a transparent head.

15:16That's a good question.

15:18Since the species was discovered in 1939,

15:21it was believed that this fish had such eyes to see straight ahead of it without being able to make any movement.

15:27It was therefore assumed that its vision was a tunnel.

15:30But scientists Bruce Robinson and Kim Reisenbichler

15:34from the Aquarium Research Institute in Monterey Bay

15:37have recently discovered that the fish can move its eyes vertically through the top of its translucent head

15:43and thus notice if there are predators or prey nearby.

15:47The transparent head also allows for more light to enter so that it can better detect prey.

15:53It is thought that the returning one feeds on jellyfish and small species of fish.

15:58If you dive in the ocean at night,

16:00you may have the chance to see how the coralimorph orange ball flourishes in the dark.

16:06But make sure to be quick because as soon as you turn on your flashlight to look at it,

16:10it will retract its tubes inside.

16:14Megalodon

16:15The whale shark is not the largest known human shark.

16:18If all species of sharks formed a kingdom,

16:21the prehistoric megalodon would be the undisputed sovereign.

16:25The megalodon crossed the ocean a long time ago.

16:28About 15.9 to 2.6 million years ago,

16:32between the beginning of the Miocene and the end of the Pliocene.

16:35Although it has disappeared for a long time,

16:37people are still surprised to learn about the existence of these gigantic marine creatures.

16:42The megalodon could reach a length of 14 to 18 meters

16:46and its jaws more than 1.8 meters wide.

16:49A fossil of a tooth belonging to a megalodon measured 18 centimeters.

16:54It is reassuring to know that these animals have disappeared for a long time.

16:58But there are still adventurers who hope to meet this monster one day.

17:03The Dumbo Peacock

17:05This adorable creature, or scary creature,

17:08it all depends on the way you see it,

17:10is officially called Grimpotitis.

17:13More simply, it is called the Dumbo Peacock,

17:16the name of the Disney character.

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