Les animaux marins regorgent de bizarreries fascinantes. Saviez-vous que certaines espèces, comme les dauphins et les baleines, ne tombent jamais vraiment endormis ? Au lieu de cela, ils reposent une moitié de leur cerveau à la fois tandis que l'autre reste éveillée pour les maintenir en nage et en respiration. Les poulpes sont des maîtres du camouflage, capables de changer à la fois leur couleur et leur texture pour se fondre parfaitement dans leur environnement. Les requins ont un super sens appelé électroréception, qui leur permet de détecter les signaux électriques émis par d'autres animaux, même ceux cachés dans le sable. Les tortues de mer peuvent naviguer sur des milliers de kilomètres à travers l'océan et retourner à la même plage où elles ont éclos en utilisant le champ magnétique de la Terre comme guide. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Lions, dogs, cats, all these mammals sleep in rather comfortable positions.
00:06But not whales. They look like giant breadcrumbs floating,
00:11the same ones that a diver witnessed by chance in the Caribbean Sea.
00:15If a whale stood up, its tail pointed down, at a depth of about 20 meters below the surface.
00:22Scientists have discovered that when the cachalots take a nap,
00:26they stay in this position for 10 to 15 minutes.
00:29They don't move and don't breathe.
00:31But these creatures only spend 7% of their time sleeping,
00:34much less than other mammals.
00:37In general, they rest peacefully in the water or relax by swimming slowly next to other marine animals.
00:42When they move and sleep at the same time, they are taking a nap.
00:46These animals cannot go too deep and must stay close to the surface.
00:51White sharks sleep and hunt at greater depths,
00:55which means they have less worries during their nap.
00:58In addition, the deeper you go, the colder it gets.
01:01Whales need a warmer environment that helps them maintain the temperature of their imposing bodies.
01:06When they are alone, dolphins go into a deep sleep phase.
01:10This usually occurs at night and lasts only a few hours at a time.
01:14When they sleep, the animal floats to the surface.
01:17It turns off half of its brain.
01:19Hey, I do the same!
01:21As well as the opposite eye.
01:23The other half remains on a low alert level.
01:26Awake and ready to react if an unwanted visitor approaches.
01:30The part of the brain that is awake also sends signals
01:33when it is time to go back to the surface to take a breath.
01:37Marine mammals have an event.
01:39It is a pot of skin that they can open and close at their will.
01:43Humans breathe automatically.
01:45Your body knows what it has to do, even when you sleep.
01:48But whales and dolphins have a voluntary breathing system.
01:51This means they have to consciously go to the surface to breathe.
01:55And a part of their brain must always be awake to inform the animal that it is time to go back.
02:00Whales and dolphins can hold their breath much longer than other species.
02:04They also have a greater tolerance for carbon dioxide and can absorb more air.
02:09Their red blood cells also store more oxygen.
02:12The blood of whales and dolphins only goes into the parts of the body that really need oxygen.
02:17If a whale only uses its brain, heart, fins or other muscles necessary for swimming,
02:22at that moment, it will also be the only parts of the body that will receive oxygen.
02:27Digestion or other functions can wait.
02:29The ocean is not a place where you can relax and sleep peacefully.
02:33During their sleep, fish reduce their activity.
02:36Their metabolism becomes slow.
02:38Some of them continue to float in the same place.
02:42Others find a safer place, among corals or in the mud.
02:46Very early in their lives, dolphins learn to emit a unique whistle
02:50that helps other members of their group to identify them.
02:53This means that these specific whistles are their name.
02:57And the dolphins respond to it.
02:59Whales have feet.
03:01It looks like a big tongue that sometimes protrudes from the shell.
03:04But it's actually the foot.
03:06And it is relatively long compared to the length of the animal.
03:09Whales use this member to bury themselves in the sand.
03:12The blue whale is the largest living animal.
03:15And it is also larger than the majority of dinosaurs.
03:19It can reach more than 30 meters long and weigh nearly 200 tons.
03:23This is equivalent to 50 adult elephants.
03:26The tongue of a blue whale can alone weigh more than an elephant.
03:30Such a giant needs to eat a lot.
03:33Half a million calories in a single bite.
03:35The heart of the blue whale is the size of a small car and weighs 590 kilos.
03:40To circulate blood in such a gigantic body.
03:44The beating of the heart is so loud that it can be heard even from 3 kilometers away.
03:49The pulse of a whale only beats 8 to 10 times per minute.
03:52The whale is one of the noisiest creatures that exist.
03:56Its cry can reach 180 decibels.
03:59Which is as loud as a jet plane.
04:02Nearly 95% of the body of the jellyfish is made up of water.
04:06For comparison, the human body is made up of 60% water.
04:10This is probably not a surprise.
04:12Since jellyfish do not have a heart, blood, eyes or brain.
04:16The other 5% of their body weight is made up of proteins, muscles and nerve cells.
04:23Jellyfish have existed for more than 500 million years.
04:26They are therefore older than dinosaurs.
04:29These creatures have not changed much.
04:31And today's jellyfish look a lot like their ancestors.
04:35There are many fish in the sea.
04:37Some look like Nemo or Dory.
04:41Then there is the butterfly fish.
04:43And the charming guppy.
04:45Which is indeed very elegant.
04:47And then there is...
04:49What is that?
04:51I would certainly not pay a baptism to dive to see this thing.
04:55The jellyfish officially holds the title of the most ugly animal in the world.
05:00But I would never dare to tell him the news.
05:04There are more than 200 species of jellyfish,
05:07currently lurking somewhere in the dark depths of the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans.
05:12And this at more than 1000 meters deep.
05:15Some of them prefer other living conditions.
05:18Like shallow tropical waters.
05:20The different species of jellyfish vary in shape and size.
05:24From the famous dragon of the abysses to the frog fish,
05:27the otter, the bat fish,
05:29the soccer ball fish,
05:30the ophidae and the chaunacidae.
05:32The largest can reach half the length of an adult bed.
05:35But most of them measure less than 30 centimeters.
05:40Since the options in terms of meals are scarce where they live,
05:44they had to develop a unique hunting technique.
05:47They did not waste their precious energy chasing potential prey.
05:51Instead, they use a piece of dorsal fin,
05:54which protrudes from their mouths like a fishing rod.
05:57Hence their English name, dangler fish.
06:00At the end of this fishing rod,
06:02there is a bag of bioluminescent bacteria,
06:04which shines in the darkness.
06:06The light attracts the prey,
06:08and the dangler fish just has to wait
06:10and enjoy its meal delivered directly into its mouth.
06:13The body of the dangler fish is large and flexible,
06:16which allows it to easily swallow prey twice its size.
06:20The dangler fish of the great depths eat everything they find.
06:24Species that live in less deep waters do not have a fine mouth either.
06:28They can devour everything they come across,
06:30shrimp, snails, and small fish.
06:33Only female dangler fish are endowed with such a fishing rod.
06:37But what is wrong with them?
06:39Finding the dangler fish in the depths of the ocean is not so easy.
06:42I mean, there is literally no light down there.
06:45In addition, the temperatures are glacial,
06:48and the oxygen level is very low.
06:50Dangler fish cannot afford
06:52to have many gallant appointments in these conditions,
06:55so they mate for life.
06:57And before you find that too cute,
06:59it must be said that they do it in a rather special way.
07:04Dangler fish are much smaller than their dolphins.
07:07The contrast is so striking
07:09that when researchers were interested for the first time in their love life,
07:13they thought that these males were actually rejections,
07:17or alvinos,
07:18hanging next to their mother.
07:20Some species of dangler fish have receptors
07:23that indicate the presence of a female nearby.
07:26After mating, the dead male accompanies himself
07:29and remains attached to his head, his belly,
07:32near his tail, or any other place he has access to.
07:35While they merge together forever,
07:37the female receives the cells,
07:39DNA, and reproductive organs of the male,
07:42but loses its immune cells.
07:44The male is therefore housed and fed for free all the time.
07:48Given the current prices of real estate,
07:50it seems to be the worst.
07:52But this housing is shared by a maximum of 8 males,
07:55and they can't move if they feel like it one day.
07:58It is unlikely that you will meet this fish of the depths in real life,
08:02but if you are a fan of ARK, Survival,
08:04and you come across a dangler fish,
08:06do not forget that you can easily catch it by swimming
08:09and tame it with tranquilizing arrows.
08:11Once you have bonded with it,
08:13the dangler fish can become your light
08:15and help you discover new areas
08:17thanks to its bioluminescent capsules.
08:20Back in the real world,
08:22in the twilight zone of the ocean,
08:24between 200 and 1000 meters deep,
08:26the dangler fish is not the only creature
08:28you are lucky to never meet.
08:30Many inhabitants of the region
08:32seem straight out of a horror movie
08:34or science fiction,
08:36but it is because they had to adapt to this dark and abyssal world.
08:40I did my best to prepare you for the creatures
08:42you are about to meet,
08:44starting with the dangler fish.
08:47They spend most of their lives in the depths,
08:51but at night, they go back to the surface to feed.
08:54These animals are more active
08:56than most other inhabitants of the abysses.
08:58They do not wait for food to come to them,
09:00but catch it with their long carnivorous teeth.
09:04As they do not have integrated bulbs like the dangler fish,
09:07they have developed an excellent odor
09:09and exploit the weak sunlight
09:11that they manage to dissipate in the depths to locate themselves.
09:15Sometimes, the shadow of a potential prey passing by
09:18is enough to make them go into action.
09:20Although they do not look very charming,
09:22they are completely harmless to humans,
09:25sometimes you come across one of them.
09:28Most of the ocean is still surrounded by mysteries,
09:31whether they are dark corners
09:33or creatures hiding in the abysses.
09:35But sometimes,
09:37it gives us a glimpse of the scary things
09:39they hide in these cold and dark depths.
09:42For example, when you hear the news
09:44that creatures from the depths
09:46fell on the shore after the last storm,
09:48some just look weird,
09:50while others are real scary monsters
09:52living at more than a thousand meters deep.
09:55The coldest and deepest parts of the ocean
09:58have generated a specific phenomenon
10:00called gigantism.
10:02Thus, sea spiders,
10:04squid, worms,
10:06and many other animals,
10:08mainly invertebrates,
10:10that is, creatures without a spine,
10:12are all much bigger and more frightening
10:14than the versions we observe in the less deep areas.
10:17In the depths of the Pacific,
10:19you can find a sea sponge
10:21as large as a monospace,
10:23or the Mesonychotitis hamilton,
10:25or colossal squid,
10:27which lives in the sub-antarctic waters
10:29and is nearly 14 times longer
10:31than the Ancornet minami,
10:33or Nototodarus loani,
10:35a type of squid that lives mainly
10:37offshore New Zealand.
10:39Researchers have found quantities
10:41of these underwater monsters
10:43in the abyssal area of the ocean,
10:45In 2021, researchers managed
10:47to bring back images
10:49of the giant phantom jellyfish.
10:51It was at a depth of 1000 meters,
10:53and its tentacles extended
10:55over 10 meters long.
10:57I would not like to fall on it at the beach.
10:59It probably only feeds on small fish
11:01and plankton,
11:03but it can swim to depths
11:05of more than 6500 meters.
11:07And there, this giant jellyfish
11:09does not find enough food.
11:11How does it survive then?
11:13Researchers have not yet found
11:15the answer to this question.
11:17And there are still more questions
11:19about the giant squid,
11:21the largest member of its species
11:23ever discovered.
11:25This monster is 13 meters long
11:27and weighs nearly a ton.
11:29Imagine that these tentacles
11:31grabbed your car or any object
11:33of this kind,
11:35they would crush it
11:37as if it were a toy.
11:39There is not the slightest light
11:41of algae or underwater plants.
11:43The local fauna therefore mainly feeds
11:45on snow.
11:47Marine snow is not like the one
11:49used to make good amounts of snow.
11:51These are all the small debris
11:53or debris that rain from the surface
11:55of the ocean,
11:57maybe even remains that
11:59predators could not finish up there.
12:01So it's not much.
12:03But apparently, it's enough
12:05for creatures hiding in the depths,
12:07like giant squid.
12:09The scientists are not yet
12:11able to find their prey.
12:13They just wait for the poor animal
12:15to swim to their long tentacles
12:17and fall into the panel.
12:19This may not be the most effective
12:21technique, because few animals
12:23risk swimming in these dark and cold areas.
12:25But this method saves energy.
12:27A giant squid only eats
12:29about 30 grams of fish per day,
12:31which represents about 45 calories.
12:33This is almost 50 times less calories
12:35than what an average person
12:37should consume per day.
12:39Thus, when a squid takes a fish,
12:41it keeps it for a few days.
12:43We hope that giant squids
12:45will not have the idea to go back to the surface
12:47to look for food when
12:49there will not be enough in the abyss.
12:51And we strongly wish that the giant sharks
12:53of the Groenland, even more numerous,
12:55will not have the same idea.
12:57They are found at depths
12:59up to 2,200 meters.
13:01They swim three times slower
13:03than we move on foot,
13:05at a speed of 1.2 km per hour.
13:07This slowness is part of the mechanism
13:09of energy saving
13:11that creatures of the depths
13:13need to survive.
13:15But these sharks can perform
13:17short speed jumps
13:19when they try to catch a prey.
13:21However, they have in some way
13:23changed their diet,
13:25going from predator to scavenger,
13:27depending on their environment,
13:29because there will always be more remains
13:31falling from the surface than animals to hunt.
13:33Groenland sharks only grow
13:35one centimeter per year,
13:37and an average individual generally measures
13:396.5 meters long,
13:41which means they live extremely long,
13:43sometimes up to 400 years.
13:45They also have a very slow metabolism,
13:47which is one of the main factors
13:49of their longevity.
13:51Groenland sharks like to spend time
13:53in cold waters.
13:55They are adapted to it because their tissues
13:57contain specific chemical compounds
13:59that prevent the formation of ice crystals
14:01This means that they have
14:03a kind of natural antifreeze.
14:05What makes them so big?
14:07Scientists are still not sure,
14:09but some theories try to explain it.
14:11According to Kleiber's law,
14:13larger animals tend
14:15to be the most effective.
14:17It is enough to compare a small fish
14:19to a whale,
14:21whose mass is hundreds of times higher.
14:23The Heikegani crab
14:25lives off the coast of Japan
14:27and has a distinctive pattern
14:29that looks like a human face.
14:31More precisely,
14:33the face of an angry samurai,
14:35hence its nickname,
14:37the Samurai Crab.
14:39The striped striped shrimp
14:41is a natural self-stopper.
14:43It stands on the bottom of the sea
14:45and shakes its long antennae
14:47so that fish and marine animals
14:49come down and pick it up.
14:51It then pays for the journey
14:53by cleaning its host of bacteria
14:55and plankton.
14:57This is the idea with jellyfish,
14:59although they are closer
15:01to Portuguese galleys.
15:03They are very quick to mature,
15:05going from the stage of newborn
15:07to that of adult in less than 48 hours.
15:09The Galapagos Islands are legendary.
15:11There are giant turtles,
15:13blue-footed seals,
15:15light-footed salamanders
15:17and red-lipped bats.
15:19But if you have already swum there,
15:21you may have seen something
15:23really unexpected in the water.
15:25These large marine reptiles
15:27eat the algae growing
15:29on the underwater rocks.
15:31They are strict vegetarians.
15:33The fish must be happy.
15:35A long, flat tail
15:37designed to swim helps them move
15:39and clasped claws
15:41hold them on the rocks
15:43for their daily tanning sessions.
15:45But look at them,
15:47they are very stubborn.
15:49Not that they are smelly,
15:51they are stubborn with salt.
15:53They have to get rid of
15:55salt in one way or another.
15:57And what's great
15:59is that they don't mind
16:01that we are in the water with them.
16:03As these islands have been so isolated
16:05for so long,
16:07creatures are not afraid of humans.
16:09Fish can also fly.
16:11Thanks to their fins,
16:13flying fish can fly
16:15at a distance of about 180 meters,
16:17almost as long as two football fields.
16:19They need to fly
16:21for a long time.
16:23The skeleton shrimp
16:25could be a nightmarish creature
16:27if it wasn't so small.
16:29It looks like a phasm,
16:31but almost entirely transparent.
16:33The next creature
16:35looks more like a horror movie
16:37than an ocean.
16:39The sea devil
16:41resides at an impressive depth
16:43of 975 meters
16:45and does not lack
16:47strange characteristics.
16:49A deformed body
16:51and a disturbing look.
16:53But what is perhaps
16:55the most frightening
16:57about this fish
16:59is the way it catches its prey.
17:01It has a appendix
17:03resembling a fishing rod
17:05on its forehead
17:07and which has a bright light
17:09attached to the end
17:11to attract animals.
17:13Once they get close enough
17:15to the light,
17:17the fish
17:19are able to catch
17:21their prey.
17:23The sea devils
17:25can cover their prey
17:27with their stomach
17:29and eat it from the outside
17:31of their body.
17:33Then they just have to
17:35repatriate their stomach
17:37inside.
17:39It's practical.
17:41Their cousins,
17:43the sea cucumbers,
17:45or squid,
17:47are a species whose limbs
17:49can reach an impressive size.
17:51Moreover, they all have one thing in common.
17:53Their body is transparent
17:55and their internal organs
17:57shine in the dark.
17:59Even if the deformed octopus
18:01seems to have forgotten
18:03to do her hair in the morning,
18:05it is actually her skin
18:07that sticks in all directions.
18:09Sea predators
18:11have more trouble
18:13hiding from their enemies
18:15in crevasses.
18:17If you have the chance to see it,
18:19you will immediately notice
18:21the radical difference
18:23between its white hairs
18:25and its pink and purple claws.
18:27If you walk on a bear,
18:29you will know right away.
18:31Look at its tips.
18:33Even if they are not aggressive,
18:35they have an excellent defense
18:37against any creature
18:39that would want to eat them.
18:41They live in all the oceans of the world,
18:43so it is difficult to avoid them.
18:45They mostly hang out
18:47in shallow waters,
18:49hiding in rocky basins
18:51and reefs.
18:53People walking on them
18:55are often careless.
18:57The long venomous tips
18:59of the bear look like needles
19:01and they give the same feeling.
19:03They can penetrate quite deeply
19:05and release a strong toxin.
19:07So what is the remedy?
19:09Learn more at alaskagranny.com please subscribe to AlaskaGranny channel