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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
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For more videos and articles visit:
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
Category
😹
FunTranscript
00:00:00One day, all the crabs disappeared.
00:00:03People searched in the seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, rainforests.
00:00:07Not a single live crab.
00:00:09Only old shells.
00:00:11Crabs shed or molt several times during their life.
00:00:14Their body keeps growing, but their shell doesn't.
00:00:16So they throw off their old suit and hide.
00:00:20They sit there in silence until their new one grows.
00:00:23But why did every single crab molt on the same day?
00:00:26Where are they hiding?
00:00:28Six months later, Sweet, says an old fisherman and pulls on his fishing rod.
00:00:34He's out on his boat catching fish in the Atlantic.
00:00:37The rod hasn't moved for an hour, but now it's latched onto something big.
00:00:42The fisherman pulls the rod with all his strength.
00:00:45Then the joy on his face turns to fear.
00:00:47A giant crab claw shoots out of the water and snips the fishing line.
00:00:52A second claw appears and crushes the boat in half with one pinch.
00:00:57Just then, a cargo ship sails by and scares the monster away.
00:01:02Some sailors pull the fisherman on deck, and he looks down overboard.
00:01:06A huge crab the size of a car is swimming around.
00:01:10Its claw shoots out again and grubs onto the ship's metal hull.
00:01:14The screeching of metal is insane.
00:01:16The captain signals full speed ahead and with a jolt, the crab's colossal claw comes loose.
00:01:23The ship sails to the shore on a low and mysterious tide.
00:01:27There's a strange vibration on shore.
00:01:31The sand begins to sink in on itself and form funnels.
00:01:35Humongous crabs crawl out.
00:01:38There are hundreds, thousands of them, and they're all heading for the water.
00:01:42Panic strikes and people scream and run inland.
00:01:46While they flee, some people video the madness.
00:01:49It goes viral.
00:01:50But they're not alone.
00:01:52People everywhere are coming face to face with these monsters.
00:01:56No one knows what's going on.
00:01:58Crabs dig burrows when they molt.
00:02:00Deep down in the sand, they're protected from predators and bad weather.
00:02:04This time, something weird happened.
00:02:07They hid way deeper than ever before, so they had more time to grow.
00:02:12For 6 months, they've been sitting and waiting for their new shell to grow.
00:02:16Now they're out, and they only want one thing – food.
00:02:21Most crabs eat fish, alive and not, snails, and even other crabs – anything that gets
00:02:27in their way.
00:02:28They love fights and are naturally aggressive.
00:02:31But now that they're massive, small-shell fish and algae are just not enough.
00:02:36A big fish would be delicious, but they can't catch them because crabs don't swim well.
00:02:42But on land, they move pretty quickly.
00:02:44The big fish are safe, but what about the rest of us?
00:02:49One day later, thousands of eyes come out of the water, like a thousand submarine periscopes.
00:02:56Crabs have excellent vision, and they can spot a potential meal from far away.
00:03:01Their eyes can distinguish between houses and moving objects, cars, and people.
00:03:07Thousands of pairs of sharp snapping claws emerge from the water and head for the city.
00:03:13There's chaos on the street.
00:03:15Crabs are running around, cutting down electric poles, overturning cars, and smashing glass.
00:03:21Everyone rushes off the street and heads for a narrow alley.
00:03:25A crab cuts off their escape.
00:03:27It eyes its prey, but it looks like the alley's too narrow.
00:03:32The people are safe.
00:03:34Not?
00:03:35The crab turns sideways and squeezes into the alley.
00:03:38It's hungry, and it starts snapping its claws.
00:03:41They're blocked in on all sides.
00:03:43The crabs are everywhere.
00:03:45The only way is up.
00:03:48People scramble up the fire escape to the roof.
00:03:50The crabs try to follow, but everything they grab onto — trees, even the metal fire escape
00:03:56— crutches under their enormous weight.
00:03:59The crabs are left looking up, hungry.
00:04:02Up on the roof, people watch as crabs destroy their city.
00:04:06Humans hunker down in their homes, but that doesn't stop the crabs.
00:04:10They break down doors and walls.
00:04:13Everyone gathers on the roofs, looking up to the sky for help.
00:04:17Helicopters finally arrive and evacuate the city.
00:04:21Huge crabs bring huge problems to Christmas Island.
00:04:25It's in the waters between Indonesia and Australia.
00:04:28The islanders pack their bags, drive to the pier, and leave the island.
00:04:33They're pretty scared, but also a bit confused.
00:04:36Once the last human's gone, the island gets quiet.
00:04:40But there still aren't any crabs.
00:04:42What's going on?
00:04:44The sky is overcast, and it starts to rain heavily.
00:04:47As soon as the first drop hits the ground, a tiny vibration shoots across the land.
00:04:53The rainforest in the middle of the island starts to change shape.
00:04:58Trees fall, and the Earth shakes.
00:05:00But this is not an earthquake.
00:05:02It's worse.
00:05:04Giant red crabs poke their heads out.
00:05:07Not hundreds, not thousands, but tens of millions.
00:05:11These crabs migrate every year from the rainforest to the coast of the Indian Ocean to breed.
00:05:17Even at normal size, the crabs cover the roads.
00:05:20They look like a long red river.
00:05:22The migration lasts about 3 weeks.
00:05:25But now that these crabs are so big, they cover almost half the island.
00:05:30They demolish trees, cars, houses, everything in their path.
00:05:35Then just like that, they disappear into the Indian Ocean.
00:05:39It looks like a typhoon swept over the whole island.
00:05:43Crab hunters appear all over the world.
00:05:45They trap the monsters and tame them.
00:05:47But no, people don't use crabs as pets.
00:05:50They sit on them and joust.
00:05:53In the Middle Ages, two knights with spears would ride on horseback and charge at each
00:05:57other.
00:05:58Now there are crab tournaments.
00:06:00Super-sized crabs instead of horses, and claws instead of spears.
00:06:06The strongest crabs live on the tropical islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
00:06:11Coconut crabs.
00:06:12They don't need much water, they mostly live in forests, and their claws are the strongest
00:06:17of any crab.
00:06:18The only thing that comes close is the awesome power of an alligator bite.
00:06:23Try to split a coconut.
00:06:25You'll need a hammer, maybe some other tools.
00:06:28These crabs do it with their claws, and that's when they were regular size.
00:06:32Now they can chop a palm tree in two without breaking a sweat.
00:06:37But there is some good news out there.
00:06:39Japan is home to some useful crabs.
00:06:42Spider crabs, the largest in the world.
00:06:45Their normal size is about 12 feet from claw to claw, about the length of a car.
00:06:50Their long legs make them look like spiders.
00:06:53There's not a lot of animals out there who would want to go up against such a large crab.
00:06:58These new spider crabs are 5 stories tall, and they take steps 10 feet long.
00:07:04The really cool thing is that these crabs can live up to 100 years.
00:07:08Even better, they're not aggressive.
00:07:11These big friendly giants mostly eat plants, and they're tame to ride.
00:07:16Kind of like riding an epic-sized camel.
00:07:19Now that crabs don't have any competitors or enemies, their population starts to explode.
00:07:25They take over the planet, humans are helpless.
00:07:28Their strong shells protect them from danger, and their sharp claws mean business.
00:07:34Cities put up gargantuan walls to protect themselves, and scientists try desperately
00:07:39to figure out a solution.
00:07:41Crabs don't only live near the shore.
00:07:43They live in forests, rivers, lakes, almost anywhere there's moisture.
00:07:48It's hard enough to fend off one giant crab, let alone hundreds.
00:07:52People start to head for the safety of large dry deserts.
00:07:55It's hard to survive, humans need food and water, just like the huge crabs.
00:08:01Crabs are taking over everything.
00:08:03Humans don't have the resources to stop them.
00:08:06It seems like all hope's lost.
00:08:09But just then, they remember.
00:08:11There's no need for scientists and inventors.
00:08:14There's an old fisherman's trick that might just be the key to controlling the crabs.
00:08:19It's called a crab's bucket, or crab trap.
00:08:22If you put a bunch of crabs into one bucket, they won't be able to get out.
00:08:27By instinct, they start to interfere with each other.
00:08:30One crab climbs up, but the other crabs grab it and pull it back down.
00:08:35Doesn't have to be a bucket, the traps can be all kinds of shapes – funnel, cube, even
00:08:40pyramid shape.
00:08:42And that's what people decided to do.
00:08:44They dig deep ditches all over the world and line them with concrete so that the monster
00:08:50crabs can't dig their way out.
00:08:52Then they lure the crabs in with some tasty fish and seaweed.
00:08:56Once the crabs go in, they're trapped for good.
00:09:00Victory!
00:09:01And soon, down at supermarkets all over the world, there's a special sale on fresh crab.
00:09:07Hey, don't forget the seafood sauce!
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00:11:33The police lock the door and barricade it so that nothing can enter.
00:11:37Everyone waits nervously.
00:11:39The TV broadcasts some live coverage of how giant mosquitoes are flying everywhere.
00:11:43A helicopter is forced to land because the mosquitoes are flying around wildly in the skies.
00:11:49Everyone shudders when they hear the sound of more mosquitoes buzzing around near the back door.
00:11:55Hours pass and more mosquitoes keep coming endlessly.
00:11:59There are no people outside and much of the urban and landscape design in the park is destroyed or overrun by giant insects.
00:12:07Some people eat whatever is available while some are sleeping.
00:12:11A piece of breaking news interrupts the live coverage and shows that there will be armored buses ready to pick up people near the picnic site.
00:12:18However, the buses won't drive to hot spots since it will be too dangerous.
00:12:23The only way to get on them is by being on the highway in two hours.
00:12:27Everyone tries to call their loved ones but the cell towers have been knocked down and no one can call anyone.
00:12:33The mosquito that broke in a while ago destroyed the only landline that was present.
00:12:38People are arguing about whether they should stay or go.
00:12:41More insects cover the only clear patches of the sky until the sun disappears.
00:12:47The people split into two parties.
00:12:49Those who are leaving to catch the bus and those who want to stay.
00:12:53The employees know a back way that can quickly lead to the highway.
00:12:57The only problem is that it will take around 20 minutes on foot and there are no cars to use.
00:13:02The way is tricky.
00:13:04First, they would need to escape through the main entrance and head through the bushy forest behind the dumpsters.
00:13:10Over there, they can enter a building, possibly through the sewers, which will lead to the lake next to the highway.
00:13:17The first party decides to leave.
00:13:19They prepare supplies for the breakout.
00:13:21Every second, more mosquitoes arrive, covering the sky.
00:13:25They gear up with anything they can find to protect themselves.
00:13:28Mosquitoes are attracted to the carbon dioxide that people breathe out and they know that there is a source coming from the grocery store.
00:13:35Once everyone is ready, they get some makeshift torches and light them up.
00:13:40They add some barbecue fuel to keep the fire going.
00:13:43You are part of the party that is planning to escape.
00:13:46The doors open and everyone makes a break for it behind the dumpster.
00:13:50Many mosquitoes try to attack you, but the smoke from the fire repels them.
00:13:55Every second, more mosquitoes are filling the sky and the environment.
00:13:59Many people end up running back into the store since they couldn't make it past the dumpster to the other building.
00:14:05Eventually, the rest of the people, including yourself, run toward the building.
00:14:09But it's locked and no one can break down the door.
00:14:12Plan B is to break the glass from a window and crawl inside.
00:14:16You grab a rock and smash the closest window.
00:14:19The only problem is that the mosquitoes can follow you inside.
00:14:23So without any options left, you pull through and run to the basement of the building to find the entrance to the sewer.
00:14:30Success! You've found it and everyone descends to the bottom.
00:14:34No mosquitoes in sight, just rats.
00:14:37You're walking knee-high in sewer water with it flowing past you, but it's only a few minutes until you reach the river.
00:14:44Another problem is that the sewer isn't going to the lake, but somewhere deep into the sewer channels.
00:14:50You follow it until you see what looks like an outlet.
00:14:53You make it out and are near a waterhole where all the discarded sewage leads next to the swamp.
00:14:59The only problem is that you're not next to the highway anymore and time is running out.
00:15:04More mosquitoes are swarming the air, but they don't bother buzzing next to you.
00:15:08You notice some cat-sized creatures floating on the water.
00:15:12These are baby mosquitoes, or the larvae, and they're coming your way!
00:15:18You and everyone else swim for your lives to the shore.
00:15:21The giant alpha mosquito soars into the air and swoops down to try and grab someone, but it misses.
00:15:28Everyone makes it to the thick swampy area where no giant mosquitoes can enter.
00:15:33Everyone covers themselves with branches to protect themselves.
00:15:36Fifteen minutes until the armored bus arrives.
00:15:39Since the mosquitoes can't enter, this will be the best place to hide until then.
00:15:43Darkness falls, and still no bus.
00:15:46It's been three hours and nothing!
00:15:49The mosquitoes are still buzzing around and everyone is getting uncomfortable under the thick bushes.
00:15:54After a while, everyone hears a roaring engine and sees lights flashing on the highway.
00:16:00Everyone gets up and runs to the bus, but you stop them to not draw the mosquitoes' attention.
00:16:06You volunteer to sneak out and stop the bus, and then everyone else can follow without drawing too much attention.
00:16:12You move a couple of branches, step over some tree bark, and crawl to the highway.
00:16:17You try to hold your breath so that you won't make any heavy breathing sounds.
00:16:21You reach the side of the road and wave your arms to stop the bus.
00:16:25It pulls over and the door opens.
00:16:27You signal the rest of the people to follow, and they follow your lead.
00:16:31Everyone is inside and safe.
00:16:34Some mosquitoes notice and start pecking on the bus, but the armor is sturdy.
00:16:39The bus drives off, looking for other people along the road.
00:16:42And suddenly, a Goliath lands in front of you!
00:16:46The bus stops and sees a mosquito the size of a Boeing 747!
00:16:50It looks straight at you.
00:16:52It gets ready to attack, but the bus speeds under its legs and drives off.
00:16:57The mosquito takes off and tries to catch the bus, but you enter a tunnel to the other side of the mountain.
00:17:03After a few minutes, you reach an open area with no trees or buildings.
00:17:07The bus is speeding while dodging obstacles along the way.
00:17:11Finally, you notice you are near the grocery store where you were held up.
00:17:15The bus opens the door for everyone inside to be taken to a safe zone.
00:17:19You hear from the aid workers that the whole world is being overrun by these giant creatures.
00:17:25As you drive along, you see a hybrid mosquito that has two heads and a scorpion's tail!
00:17:31It's as tall as a Statue of Liberty, and it's ready to attack!
00:17:35Whatever is causing these mosquitoes to grow abnormally is also making them into hybrids and mutants!
00:17:41And you thought it was going to be a good Monday!
00:17:47Day 1. A small but powerful tremor is shaking the city of Naples, Italy.
00:17:52The news networks are reporting on the event.
00:17:55The experts believe that Mount Vesuvius, the stratovolcano on the Gulf of Naples, will explode soon.
00:18:01But when?
00:18:02It's erupted many times in the past. In fact, that's how it got its shape.
00:18:07It's made of multiple layers of hardened lava, pumice, and ash.
00:18:11Vesuvius last erupted in 1944, but a major blast happened there nearly 2,000 years ago.
00:18:18It buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum and decimated the surrounding areas.
00:18:24Today, 3 million people live less than 20 miles from the volcano, and 600,000 live in the danger zone.
00:18:32Large eruptions happen every few thousand years, usually after long periods of calm.
00:18:37And the trouble is, Vesuvius is long overdue for its next one.
00:18:42This time, though, the volcano is being watched by the Vesuvius Observatory.
00:18:47It has seismic stations, special GPS arrays, and satellite-based radar to help it measure ground movement.
00:18:53They also have special equipment to test the chemicals found in the gases coming from the volcano.
00:18:59All of this helps the experts work out whether it's about to go off. But will it?
00:19:04Right now, the magma is more than 6 miles from the surface.
00:19:08Things seemed safe yesterday, but now they're about to take a turn for the worse.
00:19:14Day 3. Another tremor comes in measuring 3 on the Richter scale.
00:19:19All the equipment that's installed near the volcano is now going off.
00:19:23The magma is pushing upwards. It's not at the surface yet, but Vesuvius is definitely restless.
00:19:30Two more tremors follow in the afternoon.
00:19:33They don't feel like regular earthquakes, and geologists can see the difference in their seismographs.
00:19:39Volcanic quakes register about 4 to 5 less on the Richter scale.
00:19:43Now, the experts are sure it's just a matter of days or weeks until the volcano erupts.
00:19:49Some volcanoes can be restless for months or even years before they go off.
00:19:54But that's not how it goes with Vesuvius.
00:19:57Day 4. The ground starts to crack open, as if a giant creature is trapped in the Earth's crust and is trying to desperately get out for some air.
00:20:06Steam escapes from the little cracks in the soil.
00:20:09Certain areas are hotter than others.
00:20:11If you went there, it would feel like you walked straight into an oven, and it would be hard to breathe.
00:20:16Some sheep got too close to the mountain and passed out.
00:20:20When the farmer found them, he almost collapsed too, not from the heat, but from the gases.
00:20:25Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are being released into the air.
00:20:30The entire area around the volcano smells like rotten eggs, and many of the forest animals are now staying clear.
00:20:37The nearby trees have been absorbing these gases from the soil for days on end now, and they're starting to turn brown.
00:20:44The carbon dioxide levels in the area are skyrocketing, and all the detectors are beeping constantly.
00:20:51Day 6. The tremors are getting more frequent.
00:20:55Experts at the Vesuvius Observatory monitoring the volcano say the quakes are coming from the magma that's being pushed upwards.
00:21:02A few hours later, the National Emergency Alert goes out.
00:21:06Thousands of local people have around 15 days before the volcano erupts, and they need to evacuate their homes.
00:21:13The 600,000 people in the danger zone start to pack their suitcases and leave in cars and trucks.
00:21:19There's chaos everywhere.
00:21:21But in all that disorder, some people are standing still.
00:21:24They look around, trying to understand what's really going on.
00:21:28A few of them are taking photos of their homes.
00:21:31Others are streaming all the confusion on social media.
00:21:34But the senior citizens are just standing outside, looking at their houses one last time.
00:21:40They hope this is all just a false alarm.
00:21:43It's happened before, but who really knows?
00:21:48Day 7. It was a sleepless night.
00:21:51Plenty of the locals have already left.
00:21:53Some good people from other towns drive to the area to help the residents evacuate faster.
00:21:59There's a massive traffic jam, but everyone expected it.
00:22:02This is why the evacuation started early.
00:22:05Ferries, trains, and buses have canceled their services to help the evacuees.
00:22:09They're all working on a tight schedule to make sure everyone gets out safe without any delays.
00:22:15Some people refuse to leave, but their neighbors eventually convince them to go.
00:22:20It will take 7 days to evacuate everyone, and these people will spread out to other areas of the country,
00:22:26not just to the nearby safe regions.
00:22:29Day 10. More than half of the residents have now left the Red Zone.
00:22:34After the chaos, there's now silence, and it's interrupted by the eerie sounds of the tremors.
00:22:40Animals are being evacuated too.
00:22:43Many people are now trying to save as many animals from the forest as they can find.
00:22:49Day 16. All 25 of the towns that were at risk have now been evacuated.
00:22:55The Red Zone is empty.
00:22:57But the tremors are getting stronger, as the volcano is a pressure cooker ready to explode.
00:23:03White smoke rises from the large opening on the mountaintop and the vents on the side.
00:23:09The molten rock moves toward the surface, and the pressurized gases form bubbles,
00:23:14just like the ones you see when you boil food.
00:23:17Suddenly, there are some loud booms, and then an explosion.
00:23:21It's loud enough to be heard thousands of miles away, and the shockwave is felt throughout Italy.
00:23:27Volcanic rock is thrown up into the air.
00:23:29A thick black mushroom cloud forms and expands into the sky.
00:23:34The birds abandon their nests and fly away in huge flocks.
00:23:38The red-hot lava is now spewing out of the volcano like a fountain.
00:23:42As it flows downward, it obliterates everything in its path.
00:23:46Then, there's a volcanic landslide.
00:23:49Part of the cone-shaped mountain falls off,
00:23:51and millions of tons of soil and rock break loose from the volcano's side and tumble down.
00:23:57The lava spreads on the slopes, and it slowly slides down into the forest and the farmlands.
00:24:03The plume of ash, pumice, and other kinds of rock has risen so high into the sky
00:24:08that people can see it from Rome.
00:24:10Then the tower of debris starts falling back to Earth.
00:24:14First comes the ash, then chunks of rock.
00:24:17The ash in the atmosphere is so dense that it's hard to breathe.
00:24:21The lava slowly spreads across the area and pulls down all the trees.
00:24:26All the nearby towns are shrouded in darkness and smoke.
00:24:29Buildings collapse, and all around there's a mixture of heated, poisonous gas
00:24:34and rock moving faster than a car.
00:24:36Other rocks and more volcanic ash fall miles away from the volcano,
00:24:41hitting cars and destroying roofs.
00:24:43The sky is completely black as the lava keeps on coming.
00:24:47Slowly, all the nearby towns are submerged beneath the molten rock.
00:24:52Some of the lava even reaches the sea.
00:24:54Gigantic white steam covers the shore where it falls in, and the magma turns black.
00:25:00Now, a weird neon-blue fire appears on the slopes of Vesuvius.
00:25:05This is caused by burning sulfuric gases.
00:25:08They're escaping at high pressure from the cracks in the volcano's surface.
00:25:12When they come into contact with the air, they ignite.
00:25:15These blue flames can reach 16 feet into the air.
00:25:18Now, all nearby flights are cancelled,
00:25:21and many planes have to change course to reach their destination.
00:25:24Ever since the national alert, no planes have been allowed to fly over the volcano.
00:25:29The clouds of volcanic ash can damage jet engines and other plane components.
00:25:34The water supply is now contaminated by streams of volcanic ash,
00:25:38and it smells unbelievably bad.
00:25:41In just a short amount of time, all that magma has made entire towns vanish.
00:25:46Only the roofs of taller buildings can be seen.
00:25:49After the big and explosive eruption, there are some smaller and quieter ones.
00:25:54At this stage, nobody knows if the volcano has stopped erupting yet,
00:25:59and absolutely no one can go anywhere near the area.
00:26:0410 years later
00:26:06Most parts of the Red Zone are now hidden under hardened but still warm lava,
00:26:11including the ancient site of Pompeii.
00:26:14Some people have started to forget about what happened.
00:26:17Others have begun their new lives elsewhere,
00:26:20and some don't even want to think about what happened to their old homes.
00:26:24But several of them are counting the days until they can go back.
00:26:28100 years later
00:26:31You're walking in what appears to be a wasteland of volcanic ash.
00:26:35You suddenly realize that you're standing on top of your great-grandparents' town.
00:26:40Everything is now submerged under a thick carpet of solidified lava.
00:26:45But below it all, just about everything is still intact,
00:26:49completely frozen in time.
00:26:52Millions of years ago, there were seas and oceans where deserts are today.
00:26:57What if it all comes back?
00:26:59Water instead of sand, where deserts used to be.
00:27:02Life on the planet would change completely.
00:27:05Sand can act like a liquid if a strong enough airflow makes it rise from below.
00:27:10The air reduces friction between sand particles, making more space.
00:27:14The particles begin to move freely, as if they're in a liquid.
00:27:17If a huge vent suddenly opened under the Earth's crust, blowing air from beneath,
00:27:22then perhaps the entire landscape would begin to sink, like being in quicksand.
00:27:28Such monuments as the Egyptian pyramids or the Sphinx would sink under the ground.
00:27:33Huge cities built on sand would disappear.
00:27:36The Sahara Desert would resemble one bubbling cauldron.
00:27:40Camel caravans would simply fall down.
00:27:42But don't worry, the animals wouldn't get hurt.
00:27:45Liquid sand is filled with oxygen, so they'd be able to swim in it.
00:27:51But what if sand turned into water instead of just a liquid version of itself?
00:27:55If this happened quickly and unexpectedly,
00:27:58then disasters would occur on all the beaches of the world.
00:28:02Imagine you're sunbathing on an air mattress on a sandy beach of a seaside resort.
00:28:07You're wearing sunglasses, the sea waves are tickling your heels,
00:28:10gulls are squawking overhead, and you have iced tea in your hands.
00:28:14A perfect holiday.
00:28:15But then you feel your mattress moving.
00:28:18A wave hits you.
00:28:19You take off your glasses and find yourself in the middle of the sea.
00:28:23The entire beach has turned into water.
00:28:26It reaches way up to the road where cars drive and houses stand.
00:28:30You help people who were sunbathing nearby to climb on the mattress.
00:28:35You swim to the new shore, head home, turn on the TV,
00:28:39and see this is happening all over the world.
00:28:42Hundreds of thousands of beaches are flooded.
00:28:45Water overflows city streets and houses.
00:28:48People are scared.
00:28:49Some leave their homes, while others take surfboards and ride the waves.
00:28:53And while part of the world is trying to cope with a global flood of sandy shores,
00:28:57a fifth ocean is being formed at the same time.
00:29:02You get on a plane and fly over the largest sandy desert on the planet.
00:29:07The area of the Sahara Desert is 3.5 million square miles.
00:29:12This is almost the area of the entire USA.
00:29:15Billions of tons of sand turned into water in an instant.
00:29:19And all this water starts to spill over.
00:29:22Animals living in the sand, such as jerboa, scorpions, cobras, and many others,
00:29:28disappear from the face of the planet.
00:29:30The nearest countries are devastated by the flood.
00:29:33The new ocean connects to the Mediterranean, Red, and Tyrrhenian seas.
00:29:38The water level in the world's oceans is rising so much
00:29:42that most island countries have to evacuate to continents.
00:29:46In coastal cities, people sit in cafes and enjoy life.
00:29:50Some are sunbathing, while others try to escape from the heat and the shade.
00:29:54Suddenly, the wind rises, and a shadow appears on the ground.
00:29:59People look at it, puzzled, and it keeps growing.
00:30:03Everyone looks up and sees that a huge tsunami is approaching the shore.
00:30:07Desert countries have it even worse.
00:30:10They are flooded at once and turn into many small divided islands.
00:30:14And huge waves will hit the shores of port towns for a long time.
00:30:19The hottest places on the planet have become wet.
00:30:23Hot sands turned into almost boiling water.
00:30:26It quickly evaporates and forms huge rain clouds.
00:30:29Thanks to high humidity, the air pressure changes and strong winds begin to blow.
00:30:34They drive clouds all over the planet.
00:30:37Long rains begin all over the world, drenching everything.
00:30:41Water mixes with the world's oceans and cools down.
00:30:45The hottest places in the world are getting colder.
00:30:48With temperatures changing, tornadoes and hurricanes form in different parts of the world
00:30:53and ravage the planet.
00:30:55The face of the whole earth is warping.
00:30:58New seas, lakes, and rivers form all over the world.
00:31:02Before, water comprised 70% of the planet's surface.
00:31:06Now, it's 90%.
00:31:10Fortunately, cataclysms don't last long.
00:31:13Even though sands cover a lot of land, they're not very thick.
00:31:17The depth of the ocean is hundreds of times deeper than the depth of sand in a desert.
00:31:22In some, the sand is only a few inches thick.
00:31:25Only the largest dunes may reach 150 feet in thickness.
00:31:29The water levels will rise drastically and will probably never return to what they used to be.
00:31:35But at least the weather will calm down sooner or later.
00:31:39But something bad is still going to happen.
00:31:42Every year, 2 billion tons of dust rise into the air.
00:31:46Most of it comes from deserts.
00:31:48Particles of this dust contain useful elements and bacteria.
00:31:52The wind carries them all over the planet.
00:31:54A quarter of this dust comes to rest in seas and oceans.
00:31:58Bacteria and nutrients feed small creatures in the ocean, such as phytoplankton or krill.
00:32:04These creatures, in their turn, are food for small fish and even whales.
00:32:08And the fish are food for predators, as well as for many land animals.
00:32:12So, if sands turn into water, the ocean will lose a lot of its nutrients.
00:32:17The good news is that it won't last long either.
00:32:21Nutrients and bacteria will adapt to the new conditions
00:32:24and will be able to evaporate with water, which condenses into rain clouds.
00:32:29The largest variety of the marine world lives in shallow waters not far from the coast.
00:32:34The desert turned into water gives ideal conditions for new life to develop.
00:32:39New species of animals appear that can survive in hot water.
00:32:43Many creatures that lived in hot sands have now adapted to marine life.
00:32:47Camels have learned to swim.
00:32:49And small reptiles can hold their breath underwater for a long time.
00:32:54Thanks to hot weather and shallowness,
00:32:56a huge amount of seaweed grows on the bottom that can withstand high temperatures.
00:33:01The new ocean now resembles a multicolored garden of marine plants.
00:33:07People are also trying to adapt.
00:33:09They build towns on massive wooden structures right on the water
00:33:13and attach them to the bottom with long chains.
00:33:16Fishing has become the main source of food for all humankind.
00:33:19Cars have become obsolete.
00:33:21Everyone wants boats.
00:33:23Famous expensive car brands now design luxury yachts and ships.
00:33:27Also, everyone learns to swim.
00:33:30And every resident of sea cities is an excellent swimmer.
00:33:34All the new water was fresh until it mixed with the sea and gained its saltiness.
00:33:39People have created special filters that turn this water fresh.
00:33:43Global stocks are increasing.
00:33:45There are almost no places left in the world where people don't have enough water.
00:33:50But what if our situation became stranger still,
00:33:53and all the sand on the planet, not only on beaches and in deserts, turned into liquid?
00:33:59All hourglasses in the world would accelerate because the water flows much faster than sand.
00:34:04Sand is also used for all types of construction works.
00:34:08They use it in the production of concrete and to lay a strong foundation.
00:34:12It would be impossible to create bricks and clay without sand.
00:34:16Almost all houses, not counting wooden ones, would simply fall apart.
00:34:21But wooden houses could just rot because of the high humidity levels.
00:34:26Sand is used for glass.
00:34:28Production of mirrors, windows, and light bulbs would be greatly reduced.
00:34:32World reserves of drinking water would decrease as sand is a natural filter for purification.
00:34:38There would be huge traffic jams on the roads because, well, there would be no roads to speak of.
00:34:45Imagine you're driving a car and its wheels turn into jelly.
00:34:49Road vehicles would be severely affected.
00:34:51Planes would also stop flying because sand is used in the construction of the runway.
00:34:56The only means of transportation left would be ships.
00:35:00Sand is present almost everywhere on our planet, so the water would begin to moisten and wash away the soil.
00:35:06The whole world would turn into a vicious marsh, and it would be very difficult to move around.
00:35:11The humidity levels would increase significantly, and thick fogs would appear every day.
00:35:17A huge number of scolopendras, salamanders, frogs, and other creatures that love humidity would take over the planet.
00:35:24Some insects may evolve and increase in size thanks to the new ideal conditions.
00:35:29And people, if they survive at all, might grow scales to better transfer moisture.
00:35:35The Earth would look like a planet from a sci-fi movie.
00:35:40But fortunately, this isn't going to ever happen.
00:35:43It's dark, and you can't see anything.
00:35:46There's slime all over.
00:35:48The ground is soft and moving.
00:35:50You try to find your way around by feeling the moving walls around you.
00:35:54After a while, you hear some painful screams in the distance.
00:35:58You call out for help, but no one responds.
00:36:01You're a captain of a ship, and you are just consumed by the mighty Kraken!
00:36:07You keep tumbling over, not knowing if you're even going in the right direction.
00:36:11The screams get louder and louder.
00:36:13It's only a matter of time before you see someone.
00:36:16As you make your next step, a large piece of wood swooshes past you, almost knocking you down.
00:36:22That piece of wood was from the ship that the Kraken had swallowed.
00:36:26It had also swallowed the entire crew alive, so they must be somewhere inside the beast's belly.
00:36:33You keep following the screams.
00:36:35They lead you down another path that looks like an esophagus.
00:36:38You grab a piece of wood and slide down the slimy insides.
00:36:42It's dark, so you rip out a piece of cloth from your shirt and wrap it around a large plank, setting it on fire.
00:36:49This makeshift torch allows you to see where you're going in proper detail.
00:36:53You can see the large veins pumping inside.
00:36:56Each vein can fit more than three people through it.
00:37:00After a while, you start seeing more debris from your ship, including the treasures you had discovered and kept in the bottom.
00:37:07But now, those huge piles of gold are worthless, since you're out looking for your crewmates in this dark, smelly interior.
00:37:14You reach a point where there seems to be multiple tunnels around, each leading to a different point.
00:37:20You know it's impossible to climb back out from the mouth, so going deeper is the only solution.
00:37:27You decide to go with your gut and slide down the smallest tunnel, which is covered in slime and other liquids.
00:37:33You snuff out your torch and tuck it away to use it again later.
00:37:37You slip through and get stuck for a while.
00:37:40The kraken is still swimming, but seems to be taking a break and stops.
00:37:44The giant veins and blood vessels slow down, and the flesh tunnel that you're crawling through becomes wider.
00:37:51Before you know it, you are plummeting down the large shaft until you reach a liquid pool.
00:37:57The second you splash in it, you start to feel the acid burning through your clothes.
00:38:02You're in one of the kraken's stomachs.
00:38:05You take off your shirt and paddle on a plank, rowing yourself across the acidic lake.
00:38:10You can see more broken pieces of your ship scattered around.
00:38:14Out of nowhere, the kraken springs into action and starts swimming rapidly.
00:38:19You don't have a choice but to hold on to the plank and keep yourself afloat without any acid going into your eyes.
00:38:25You shut them.
00:38:27Now, you're tossed further down the stomach, where the digestion is happening.
00:38:31Over here, the acid is even stronger and melts anything that's in it.
00:38:36The smell is atrocious, and you can't find your way to leave.
00:38:40But in the distance, you see some of your crew members stranded in the middle of a small stomach island.
00:38:46You see some sharks, still swimming around, that haven't been digested yet.
00:38:51There's nothing you can do at the moment but try to get through and make it to your crew members.
00:38:56You get on another piece of wood and row yourself toward them.
00:39:00This time, the stomach acid is melting the wood away.
00:39:03Luckily, someone from your crew tosses you another plank, so you hop onto it and row your way to them.
00:39:10You climb ashore. Everyone is happy to see you.
00:39:13You try to figure out a way out, but the exits are covered in acid.
00:39:17More water seeps in along with plenty of marine animals.
00:39:21The acid levels are rising, and everyone huddles together.
00:39:25After a while, the kraken swallows a large humpback whale that's thrashing around the acidic water.
00:39:31It's making the kraken upset, so it starts moving, tossing everyone around.
00:39:37You, along with many others, land on the whale and hold onto it tight.
00:39:42It seems like the kraken wants to expunge the whale out somehow.
00:39:46The inner walls of the stomach contract until it shrinks enough to let the whale out.
00:39:51You and your crew members are still holding onto the whale, but it's not easy.
00:39:56Finally, the kraken spits out the whale and swims off to the bottom of the ocean.
00:40:01The new challenge is to swim to the surface to breathe.
00:40:04The whale pushes you and everyone else up.
00:40:07Without it, no one would have made it to the surface to catch some oxygen.
00:40:12You don't know where you are.
00:40:14Some of your crewmates grab onto some loose pieces of your ship to stay afloat.
00:40:18You swim to one and climb aboard.
00:40:21The sun is starting to set. There's nothing in sight.
00:40:24The crew is feeling cold and hungry.
00:40:26Worst of all, it's feeding time for the sharks.
00:40:30Everyone climbs up on their planks to stay out of the water.
00:40:33Before you know it, shark fins start to pop up from every corner.
00:40:37There's nothing to do except survive the night.
00:40:41The next day arrives. No one has managed to get any sleep.
00:40:45Everyone decides to fix all the planks together and row towards the sun.
00:40:50While other people debate another direction, the whole crew listens to your final word.
00:40:55The sun is scorching and everyone's energy is low.
00:40:58There's no fresh water to drink. No one can catch fish for eating.
00:41:03There's still the ever-looming threat of sharks and the Kraken.
00:41:07One of your crew members spots something in the distance, which appears to be an island.
00:41:12Everyone cheers and hugs each other and paddles their way there.
00:41:16After a few hours, you reach the island and stuff your hands in the sand.
00:41:21Someone is running around while others embrace the sand and palm trees.
00:41:26But for some reason, something seems off.
00:41:29Some birds are flying around. They aren't scared of you.
00:41:32Everyone moves to the center of the island to discover if anyone has been here before.
00:41:37A small campfire sits in the middle of the island, but there are no signs of people anywhere.
00:41:42This island is too small to have any residents.
00:41:45There seems to be no sign of anyone who has ever visited it, besides the campfire.
00:41:50After a while, the island starts moving.
00:41:54Everyone climbs a tree and water covers the island.
00:41:57In the distance, you see a large figure emerge from the water and turn towards you.
00:42:03It's a giant sea turtle!
00:42:05You were on the back of a giant sea turtle this whole time!
00:42:09It moves gracefully across the water and stops after a couple of hours.
00:42:13The crew members build some huts and start a fire to cook some food and sleep comfortably.
00:42:19You look out in the distance and at the night sky, with the stars populating the horizon.
00:42:25You climb the highest tree to get some rest and peace.
00:42:29Far away, you see the kraken swimming around and getting closer to the turtle.
00:42:34But compared to it, the kraken is only the size of a shoe compared to a person.
00:42:40The next day, you tread around and discover the rest of the turtleback island.
00:42:45Some unique animals you've never seen before are living here.
00:42:49Some of the most exotic birds are flying around and the animals don't seem to take you as a threat.
00:42:55You reach the top of the mountain covered with trees and vines to get a good look at the island.
00:43:00You have a panoramic view of everything and discover that there's a huge hole in the ground right below you.
00:43:07And you see what appears to be digging tools left by other explorers.
00:43:12You gather your crew and rush to the hole.
00:43:15You have to make your way through vines and climb over some challenging terrain to reach there.
00:43:20The main question is, where does this hole go if the bottom of this island is a giant turtle shell?
00:43:27You step on the site and see many abandoned tools and plans.
00:43:31You pick up a map and see that there is an X marking for treasures beyond anyone's imagination.
00:43:38You gather your crew. Everyone picks up some of the equipment.
00:43:42Another scary question is, why did they abandon this equipment?
00:43:46You study the plans. They state all the steps except the final one, which no one seems to have figured out.
00:43:53After a while, you descend the hole and make your way towards the bottom.
00:43:58But what you discover is even more shocking than what you expected!
00:44:03And you'll have to find out what it is next time.
00:44:07Behold the distant future.
00:44:10Yep, humans have successfully colonized Mars and the Moon.
00:44:14Problems with overpopulation and hunger on Earth are solved.
00:44:18But soon, a new threat looms over our planet, excuse me, planets, and the Moon.
00:44:24Anyway, scientists have figured out that in 150 years, the Sun will explode and destroy our entire solar system.
00:44:32Bummer.
00:44:33There's enough time to build a fleet of huge spaceships and evacuate everyone.
00:44:38But it's not enough time to come up with some sort of sci-fi space jump.
00:44:43It's been a long time since people found a new potentially livable planet,
00:44:48and the nearest one's a several million years ride away.
00:44:52There's no other choice. Humankind is evacuated into gargantuan spaceships,
00:44:57and the infinitely long voyage begins.
00:45:00A few decades pass. We leave the solar system and watch our Sun explode.
00:45:05A huge flash, and that's it. There's no more light.
00:45:09Just small faraway stars and the infinite black depths of space.
00:45:14All ships are on a synced autopilot that won't go off course no matter what.
00:45:19Even if everyone on board were to disappear, the ship would still arrive at its destination.
00:45:26So, the upside? Humans will survive for millions more years.
00:45:30The downside? Because of all of that time spent on space transports, we'll look different. Totally different.
00:45:37Ships arriving to the new planet will be populated with shapeless, pulsating biomasses,
00:45:43sitting inside metal exoskeletons.
00:45:46Here's how it happens.
00:45:48Bones in space get weaker. So do muscles.
00:45:51There's no gravity, so your body's not under any sort of pressure to keep it running properly.
00:45:56Astronauts on the International Space Station do a lot of exercise to stop their muscles from withering away.
00:46:03Back to the story.
00:46:05There are gyms and special machines that recreate gravity on every space transport.
00:46:10But to save energy, they're only plugged in in a couple of hours per day.
00:46:15Unfortunately, no matter how hard people exercise, in space it just won't be enough.
00:46:20After the first hundred years, human bones have become so brittle that anything remotely physical can lead to injury.
00:46:28After another hundred years, people lose the ability to stand up on their two legs.
00:46:33But it's not only because of weak bones.
00:46:36After all those years in zero gravity, the human body's already changed a lot.
00:46:41A big problem is that people lose their sense of balance.
00:46:45If you try to stand up, you'll just fall.
00:46:48The ship's captains dismantled the gravity machines.
00:46:51They weren't working anyways.
00:46:53And all the sports equipment on board got taken apart ages ago and used as spare parts for the ships.
00:47:00The lack of gravity didn't just make people weaker.
00:47:03It also made them taller.
00:47:05The spine needs gravity to keep it stable.
00:47:08And now all those backbone discs have stretched themselves out.
00:47:12Humans are starting to look like blow-up toys.
00:47:15Everyone's given mechanical arms and legs.
00:47:18You just strap them on and get to work.
00:47:21Servicing the engine, cleaning out the bedrooms, throwing trash out into space, lifting anything.
00:47:27Not happening without those mechanical arms and legs.
00:47:31Time passes, and people become more helpless.
00:47:34Luckily, the mechanical body suits keep getting better and better.
00:47:38Since the sun collapsed in on itself, human eyes have been having a hard time.
00:47:44Inside the ships, the sun is replaced by special artificial light that also gives off vitamin D.
00:47:50Since there's way less light overall, people's pupils become wider.
00:47:55Then after a few more centuries, their vision really starts going downhill.
00:48:00But this problem is solved by technology.
00:48:03Artificial lenses magnify light and keep humans from going completely blind.
00:48:08The ships get disinfected every single day.
00:48:12That stops bacteria and microbes from multiplying.
00:48:15But it also means that the human immune system doesn't have to fight off any diseases.
00:48:20Pretty soon, humans can't defend themselves against anything.
00:48:24Even a mild cold could be seriously harmful.
00:48:27It's fine for now. There are no germs or anything on board.
00:48:31But what's gonna happen later on down the road?
00:48:34On the ship, millions of plants grow in special greenhouses with water and ultraviolet light.
00:48:40The plants produce oxygen and spread it through the entire ship.
00:48:43Of course, it's not enough oxygen to satisfy millions.
00:48:47But it helps people remember the planet they left behind.
00:48:50After centuries of living on spaceships, humans have adapted to the new conditions and almost stopped breathing.
00:48:57Lungs have disappeared almost completely.
00:49:00And humans are starting to develop other ways of getting oxygen.
00:49:04From water, from liquid oxygen tanks, we're becoming a totally new species.
00:49:09But it's not all bad. Genetic engineering is developing every year.
00:49:14Full-fledged life support suits are created.
00:49:17They help with movement, strength, speed, vision, hearing, even speech.
00:49:22People's voices get so weak, they can only speak in whispers.
00:49:26Luckily, the suits have built-in microphones and speakers.
00:49:30There's no food anymore, just specially created liquids.
00:49:34After all that time in space, the human stomach can't digest anything anyway.
00:49:39Fancy a handful of peanuts or a small cracker? Forget it!
00:49:43In the beginning, the special space food had loads of flavor.
00:49:47But over time, people sort of forgot what things were supposed to taste like.
00:49:52Eventually, they stopped adding in flavorings.
00:49:54And because of this new tasteless food, tongue receptors stopped working.
00:49:59Soon, people lost all sense of taste.
00:50:02For some people, this life seems unbearable. But they have a choice.
00:50:06They can just slide on into a cryogenic capsule for millions of years.
00:50:11Then, it's just a matter of a quick defrost when the ships finally arrive.
00:50:16But it's seriously risky to be frozen for such a long time.
00:50:20There's no guarantee that the ships won't crash into a huge meteorite or worse.
00:50:26People start to take a different approach.
00:50:29They upload their consciousness to a central computer.
00:50:32It's safer and requires much less power.
00:50:35And when you wake up, you can just download your mind into a new modified human suit.
00:50:41Some people decide to stay awake and live a, quote, normal life.
00:50:45Thousands of years pass, then millions.
00:50:48Humans look really different now.
00:50:51All their limbs are now artificial, and the exoskeletons they wear are controlled by mind power.
00:50:57With each passing millennium, arms, neck, legs, and spines, they become smaller and smaller.
00:51:04Brittle bones soon dissolve into nothingness.
00:51:07Eyes, nose, and mouths disappear.
00:51:10The brain isn't protected by a skull anymore. It's just surrounded by soft skin.
00:51:15Only consciousness remains.
00:51:17Nowadays, a human is a powerful high-tech robot ruled over by a small pulsating bag filled with a brain.
00:51:26It's been a few million years since humans left Earth.
00:51:29All the ships' inhabitants have already forgotten that their species was born on a planet with gravity.
00:51:35The history of life on Earth has become a myth, an ancient legend.
00:51:40Most people believe that these ships are their true homes, always have been.
00:51:44That's why, when humans finally reach their destination, no one's that eager to get off and have a walk around.
00:51:52Life on a new unknown planet seems like a huge pain in the spacesuit.
00:51:57Gravity, air, bacteria, germs.
00:52:00It takes several thousand years of evolution for humanity to get used to these new conditions.
00:52:06Luckily, humans have a secret weapon – technology.
00:52:10At this point, all humans are downloaded from the central computer into new robot suits.
00:52:15People face a choice. Get off the ship and make this planet their new home, or stay and live on the ships.
00:52:22Those that stay on the ships set off into the expanses of space to explore the galaxy and discover new worlds.
00:52:30Those who decide to stay on the new planet have to adapt to the new conditions.
00:52:34It's pretty different from Earth.
00:52:36There's a different air density, different weather patterns, and strange new chemical elements.
00:52:42It will take another million years before these robo-brain sacks take on a new shape.
00:52:48One day, these distant human descendants will want to research their origins.
00:52:53They'll invent a ship that can jump through space and time.
00:52:56The research will lead them to the distant past, to the small planet Earth, to now.
00:53:02This might sound crazy, but just imagine that tomorrow someone lands in your backyard and they're your descendants from the future.
00:53:11Those passengers who stayed on the ships will probably find new planets and maybe decide to stay on some of them.
00:53:18Their bodies will change and adapt too.
00:53:21So, in billions of years, the universe will be inhabited by different amazing creatures that all have something in common.
00:53:29They were all humans once.
00:53:37You've spent your entire life researching microorganisms.
00:53:40Last few years, you've been creating a device that can shrink you in size.
00:53:45And finally, it's ready.
00:53:47At first, you want to shrink yourself to the size of a thumb so you can probably see some microbes with the unaided eye.
00:53:54And then, after more experimenting, you hope to shrink to the size of a bacterium yourself.
00:54:01To make the journey safe, you put on a special suit, similar to a spacesuit.
00:54:06It's equipped with a life support system.
00:54:09You direct a beam from the device at yourself.
00:54:12The beam must change your mass and volume.
00:54:15To return to the previous state, you must stand on a round platform the size of a hockey puck.
00:54:20You put it near your feet so you can easily climb on it when you get smaller, press the button, and activate the machine.
00:54:27Ooh, something's wrong.
00:54:29The device gives an error and you shrink not to the size of a thumb, but a thousand times smaller to the size of a bacterium.
00:54:37Oops.
00:54:38You become so small that the fleece of the carpet on which you were standing seems to be the size of huge trees.
00:54:45Now, don't panic.
00:54:47You need to find the puck, stand on it, and you'll return to your normal size.
00:54:51It was right next to your feet, just an inch away.
00:54:54Wait, but what's one inch now, when a thousand people your size can fit on the tip of a human hair?
00:55:01You decide to climb the fleece to see where the puck is.
00:55:05You can't see the lab ceiling.
00:55:07The room is out of focus because of its huge size.
00:55:10You're surrounded by thousands of bacteria.
00:55:13They're so different in sizes and colors, but you can identify three main forms.
00:55:19Round bacteria that look like spheres are cocci.
00:55:23They can merge with each other and increase in size.
00:55:26Cylindrical, capsule-shaped bacteria, looking like sausages or bananas, these are bacilli.
00:55:33And spirobacteria are called spirilla.
00:55:36At the end of their body, they have a hair like psyllium.
00:55:40Bacteria are essential for our planet.
00:55:42They help to produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
00:55:46They purify the water and air, digest the food inside our stomachs, and improve our immune system.
00:55:52They're crawling on the ground all over the carpet.
00:55:55You start climbing the fleece.
00:55:57On your way, you meet cocci that look like huge potatoes, spirilla similar to spaghetti.
00:56:04After a few hours, you finally reach the top of the carpet.
00:56:08For you, it was a long time, but in reality, just a couple of minutes have passed.
00:56:13The smaller you are, the slower the time's going.
00:56:16Do you remember how difficult it is to swat a fly?
00:56:19That's because it sees your movements in slow motion.
00:56:23So, looking around, you see an endless forest of fleece.
00:56:27In the distance, you can see the silhouette of a big mountain with a flat top.
00:56:32It seems bigger than Everest to you.
00:56:35Great, now you need to get there alive.
00:56:38Suddenly, a huge bacterium attacks you from below.
00:56:42It's several bacilli joined together.
00:56:45They look like a bunch of sausages.
00:56:47To escape, you jump down.
00:56:49You weigh so little that falling from any height is safe.
00:56:53You run through the dense forest.
00:56:55You notice that almost all bacteria are going at you.
00:56:58Most of them eat organic material, such as glucose or carbohydrates.
00:57:03And right now, hey, lucky you, you're the biggest source of carbs.
00:57:07Smaller microbes stick to your legs, arms, and face.
00:57:11You shake them off and fall.
00:57:13Several bacilli joined together are approaching.
00:57:16But then, a round object with spikes the size of a football crashes into them.
00:57:21You see a lot of these balls and realize they're viruses.
00:57:25Microorganisms that can't live apart from bacteria.
00:57:29To reproduce, they must infect a living being.
00:57:32The viruses have entered the bacterium.
00:57:35Other bacteria that chased you are attacked too.
00:57:38You see a gigantic bacterium that looks like a passenger Boeing without wings.
00:57:43It's a type of kachi.
00:57:45Several big balls attached to each other and about to eat you.
00:57:49You see a small prickly football getting inside its body.
00:57:53The bacterium shivers and freezes.
00:57:55After a moment, a hole appears in it, and hundreds of thousands of viruses fly out.
00:58:01They're everywhere and looking for a new host.
00:58:04Prickly balls fly towards you at high speed.
00:58:07You grab a piece of lint and swing it like a baseball bat.
00:58:11You fight off the viruses one by one.
00:58:14Your bat breaks, and you run away.
00:58:16It seems that you're safe now.
00:58:19You're entering a huge field.
00:58:21There's nothing here but bacteria.
00:58:23You realize this is a small spot on the carpet that you accidentally burned a few months ago.
00:58:29There's a billion microbes here, and they're multiplying at a tremendous rate.
00:58:33One bacterium increases in size and splits into two.
00:58:37After a few minutes, these two bacteria also grow and divide.
00:58:41Now there are four of them.
00:58:43The colony of bacteria grows exponentially.
00:58:46With such rapid reproduction, a single bacterium can create offspring weighing about a ton in 24 hours.
00:58:54After five days, the bacteria will be able to fill all the seas and oceans.
00:58:59Fortunately, the speed with which they divide is equal to the speed of their destruction.
00:59:04Dryness, a ray of light, high temperature, humidity – all these phenomenon control the population of microbes.
00:59:12Under ideal conditions, the bacteria could take over the whole world.
00:59:17You make your way through a field of microorganisms.
00:59:20Large bacteria consume small ones.
00:59:23They multiply and are being destroyed.
00:59:26It's a boiling sea of life.
00:59:28You feel your foot is stuck.
00:59:30You stepped on something sticky.
00:59:32Right underneath, a large spherical bacterium crawls out of the ground.
00:59:37It's connected with other bacteria and hasn't gotten a certain form.
00:59:41It looks like formless pulsing biomass.
00:59:44The thing is clinging to your body, wrapping you.
00:59:48It feels like you're being absorbed by warm jelly.
00:59:51The bacterium compresses your chest.
00:59:53It's hard to breathe and move.
00:59:55At this moment, something that looks like a metal screw smashes into the bacteria.
01:00:00A large diamond bursts in next.
01:00:02After that, several thin smooth legs looking like curved needles get inside too.
01:00:08All these details unite and transform into a strange creature inside the microbe.
01:00:14A diamond is attached to one end of the screw, and the needle legs cling down.
01:00:19Several dozen of these break into the jelly's body.
01:00:22They connect together and form an army of robots.
01:00:25All these creatures break out from a small hole in the bacterium and tear the microbe to pieces.
01:00:31You escape and find yourself in chaos.
01:00:35The little robot with a diamond for a head is called a bacteriophage.
01:00:39Despite their appearance, they're created by nature, not artificially.
01:00:44The goal of bacteriophages is to attack and destroy bacteria from within.
01:00:49That's how they reproduce.
01:00:51These creatures are all around us everywhere and control the population of microorganisms.
01:00:57When bacteria multiply inside the human body, they leave waste products of decay.
01:01:02This waste is harmful to the body, so it has to fight.
01:01:06Sometimes doctors use bacteriophages, so they help to get rid of bad microbes.
01:01:11They don't attack anything but bacteria.
01:01:14And now you see hundreds of billions of bacteriophages destroying billions of bacteria.
01:01:20The walking diamonds jump on the bacterium, plunging their heads into it, and release the genetic code.
01:01:27Separate parts that assemble in new bacteriophages.
01:01:31You continue on your way and take a few diamonds with you just in case.
01:01:35The road is long, but after a few weeks, you finally manage to reach the puck.
01:01:41In the normal flow of time, it's been an hour.
01:01:44You're exhausted, and there's still a whipping to the top.
01:01:48The puck is so high that you can't see the top of it.
01:01:51You can't sleep because you might wake up inside some microbe.
01:01:56There are still a lot of bacteriophages around, but you don't want to take any chances.
01:02:01A deafening crash shakes the air.
01:02:04It's like an airplane turbine is running right next to your ear.
01:02:08You're looking up.
01:02:09A creature the size of a city lands on the carpet from the sky.
01:02:13It flaps its wings and makes this noise.
01:02:16The wings create a hurricane.
01:02:18You grab the fleece to keep yourself from being blown away.
01:02:22The creature smells bad.
01:02:24One of its legs resembles a large skyscraper.
01:02:27You realize it's a fly.
01:02:30Here's your chance to get to the puck.
01:02:32Big orange eyes divided into thousands of segments look like two planets.
01:02:37You climb on the tip of the fly's leg.
01:02:40The insect takes off, and you hold on tight.
01:02:43The carpet is moving further and further away.
01:02:46From up here, you can see the top of the puck.
01:02:49It's so wide that you can't see the round edge.
01:02:52You let go of the fly and fall.
01:02:55In the air, you run into millions of bacteria.
01:02:58Finally, you land on the solid puck surface.
01:03:01The device activates, and you return to your normal size.
01:03:06You are, indeed, one lucky bug.
01:03:10Is that Earth you can see at a distance?
01:03:13Right.
01:03:14Just look at it, floating in space, hanging out with its planet buddies.
01:03:18You spot orange-red Mars and Jupiter with its asteroid belt.
01:03:23Even tiny Pluto is there.
01:03:26All these planets keep their distance from each other, moving along in their own orbits.
01:03:31They're not very social, you see.
01:03:33But that's a good thing.
01:03:35It would cause nothing but trouble if they started to bump into each other.
01:03:39But even though there are others, Earth is the only planet we know that has life.
01:03:45And we've even figured out why.
01:03:48It's because it was lucky enough to appear in the best spot in our solar system,
01:03:53in the Goldilocks zone.
01:03:56Scientists say the key ingredient for life is water.
01:04:00But, well, there's water on Mercury.
01:04:03This planet has deposits of water ice at its south and north poles.
01:04:08But only because those places never see the light.
01:04:12Everywhere else, water simply evaporates from the surface of the planet.
01:04:16Mercury is way too close to the Sun.
01:04:20Pluto has some water, too.
01:04:22Astronomers even think the dwarf planet might be up to 30% water.
01:04:28But it's frozen.
01:04:30Unlike Mercury, Pluto's too far away from the Sun,
01:04:33which is why all its water is in the form of ice.
01:04:37But Earth hovers in a perfect spot called the habitable zone.
01:04:42It has the right temperature for the water to remain liquid
01:04:45and for all forms of life to flourish.
01:04:48But what if Earth was the only planet in the solar system?
01:04:52No Mars, no Jupiter, no Mercury, no Venus.
01:04:56Things might have turned out a little different than what we're used to.
01:05:00Remember that massive asteroid that hit the Earth around 66 million years ago?
01:05:05Well, without Jupiter and its asteroid belt,
01:05:08our planet would be constantly hit by meteorites and asteroids.
01:05:12And some of them would be just as big as the one that caused
01:05:16all that sorrow to the dinosaurs.
01:05:19These rocky fellas would be roaming around in space
01:05:22with no one and nothing to stop them.
01:05:25And if Earth was the only planet out there,
01:05:28it would also be their only target.
01:05:31But that's not all.
01:05:33Imagine all this huge space Earth would have all to itself.
01:05:37It means our planet would have an opportunity to travel a bit.
01:05:41It could even choose to leave the Goldilocks zone.
01:05:44But then, would life on the planet still be the same?
01:05:48So let's say Earth started drifting away from the Sun.
01:05:52Then, it'd soon get too cold on the planet.
01:05:55Picture a place where the Sun doesn't shine anymore.
01:05:59Cold, covered in ice and snow all year round.
01:06:03That would be our Earth if it traveled further from the Sun.
01:06:07If this happened, our cities would start to look very different.
01:06:11Right now, Earth is full of life.
01:06:14Come to any park, and you'll see green trees and grass everywhere.
01:06:18There will be people walking, sitting on the benches, enjoying the Sun.
01:06:22You'll definitely spot someone playing soccer or frisbee.
01:06:26On the park's lawns, there will be people resting on their blankets, soaking up the Sun.
01:06:31A few people will be reading their books, looking relaxed and happy.
01:06:35Back in space, you see Earth again.
01:06:38The planet is still in its favorite spot.
01:06:41That's why life is so beautiful down there.
01:06:44But wait, is it moving?
01:06:47Our planet is definitely further from the Sun now.
01:06:50Has it changed things for Earth?
01:06:52It actually looks a bit bluer now.
01:06:55Down there, famous Golden California is not so golden anymore.
01:07:00It's gloomy and dark, much like all other places on Earth.
01:07:04New York is covered in ice.
01:07:07Even in the hottest places, the temperatures are now below freezing,
01:07:11including tropical destinations like the Bahamas.
01:07:15After a while, liquid water turns into ice.
01:07:19The oceans now look like giant skating rinks.
01:07:22Except there's no one to skate there, since the planet has become way too cold to support life.
01:07:29Okay, then what if, instead of drifting further away from the Sun,
01:07:34Earth moved closer, with people still aboard?
01:07:38Whoa, the temperatures here are crazy! Too hot to handle!
01:07:42The climate would be getting hotter and hotter.
01:07:45Natural disasters would start to occur more often.
01:07:48Hurricanes and floods would be a common thing on Earth now.
01:07:52And pretty soon, the planet would get too hot for people to handle.
01:07:56Particles from the Sun would become a serious threat.
01:08:00The atmosphere would be struggling to protect Earth from solar radiation.
01:08:04But this shield would be growing weaker.
01:08:07Liquid water would be nowhere to be found anymore.
01:08:10Maybe only in underground deposits.
01:08:13Earth would look a bit like Mars, all rocky and barren.
01:08:17The Mississippi River would dry up and leave behind a huge canyon.
01:08:21All the oceans would be gone too.
01:08:24At the moment, the Mariana Trench is the deepest known place on Earth.
01:08:28It's incredibly hard to reach its bottom because of the immense water pressure there.
01:08:33But without water, trips to the deepest spot on Earth would be possible.
01:08:38It would help people uncover some more of Earth's secrets.
01:08:41If people still lived on the dry and scorching hot planet, that is.
01:08:45In other words, if someone was to explore Earth after the planet had moved closer to the Sun,
01:08:51everything would be completely different.
01:08:54But what if Earth didn't move at all, and everything remained the same?
01:08:58The only difference? There would be no other planets around us.
01:09:02It would change the way people explore space.
01:09:05Sure, there would still be navigation, communication, and weather satellites.
01:09:09And, maybe, space telescopes.
01:09:12But there wouldn't be any other space objects close enough for people to send missions there.
01:09:18This would affect the future too.
01:09:20If people had no desire or opportunity to go to space, they would invest in their home planet.
01:09:26They would build sky cities, instead of looking for other planets to colonize.
01:09:31These days, if you get a state-of-the-art telescope, you'll see distant stars and other planets.
01:09:37The better the telescope, the more detail there is for you to see.
01:09:41But with no other planets out there, the picture of space wouldn't be so exciting.
01:09:46Stars would still be visible, and you might even spot a meteorite or two.
01:09:51And you'd definitely see the Moon. But that's about it.
01:09:55Space agencies would mostly be focused on keeping Earth secure.
01:10:00Mainly because asteroids would become frequent visitors.
01:10:04To protect the planet, scientists would have to figure out ways to get rid of them.
01:10:09Like a massive laser beam.
01:10:11When turned on, it could go all the way to the Moon, and even further.
01:10:16Instead of building rockets to explore space, SpaceX and NASA would be in the asteroid-clearing business.
01:10:24People wouldn't even think of trying to contact other civilizations.
01:10:28If there were no planets similar to Earth, they would consider it a wasted effort.
01:10:33This means no radio signals being constantly sent out to space.
01:10:38A curious fact. In February of 2008, the Beatles' song, Across the Universe, was beamed into deep space.
01:10:46It was done to celebrate both the song's 40th anniversary and NASA's 50th anniversary.
01:10:53In the 70s, people also sent a radio signal out into space.
01:10:57It contained some basic information about humans and the solar system.
01:11:02But it was more a feat of strength for technology than an attempt to contact any alien buddies we might have.
01:11:10With no planets around, the world of sci-fi would change too.
01:11:14There would be no more movies about deep space exploration.
01:11:18No massive spaceships and rockets would appear on the big screen.
01:11:23And since there would be no expeditions to other planets,
01:11:26no rovers would be sent to space to look for signs of life and explore new worlds,
01:11:31like what the rovers on Mars are doing right now.
01:11:35People would concentrate more on their own planet.
01:11:38For example, they would begin to explore its insides.
01:11:42New technologies would allow us to dig much, much deeper, all the way through Earth's crust and further.
01:11:49But doesn't a trip to the planet's core sound exciting?
01:11:53Instead of astronauts, there would be explorers of the deep underground.
01:11:58New drilling technologies would be invented to make the digging process more effective.
01:12:03There would be new types of vehicles.
01:12:05They would be created to drill and protect explorers from the enormous underground pressure.
01:12:11While exploring the world under the planet's surface,
01:12:14people would likely find absolutely new life forms.
01:12:18Mysterious creatures that evolved to survive in the dark, in extreme temperatures, and with barely any food.
01:12:25It certainly helped people understand more about their home planet.
01:12:30So, another crazy thing happened to me recently.
01:12:33It was a Sunday morning, and I fried eggs for breakfast.
01:12:36But something was definitely wrong.
01:12:38I wasn't sure if it was the eggs or me, though.
01:12:41Now, you've tried fried eggs, right?
01:12:43They normally taste like, you know, eggs.
01:12:46At that time, along with the eggs, I could also taste lemon, vanilla yogurt, and even some paper.
01:12:52And it's not as good as you might think.
01:12:54Yogurt tastes nice by itself, but together with eggs, it's gross.
01:12:58Whatever was the reason, I decided I'd be okay with just a tea for that day.
01:13:03But as soon as I tried it, I spat it out.
01:13:07What is that?
01:13:08Did I put a spoonful of black pepper there?
01:13:11I needed some water ASAP.
01:13:13I got a glass, and thankfully, it was just a regular glass of water.
01:13:18I tried to eat some strawberries, but along with the normal strawberry taste, they had a taste of hot chili.
01:13:24That's not a good combination, to be honest.
01:13:27It looked like something happened to all of the food in the house.
01:13:31I also had an orange juice, so I drank a glass of it.
01:13:34Surprisingly, it tasted totally fine.
01:13:37Suddenly, I got a weird thought.
01:13:39Do I taste colors?
01:13:41It was so crazy and strange that I needed to check this theory immediately.
01:13:45I admit, I licked the white back of my cell phone, but it really did taste like vanilla yogurt, just like the egg.
01:13:53So, it was true, I could taste colors.
01:13:56That would mix with every food's original taste and mess it up.
01:14:00I wanted to go to the doctor, but although this new superpower was weird, it was still a bit exciting.
01:14:07Also, I couldn't wait to figure out what other tastes are like.
01:14:11So, I went to a store and got myself a pack of markers.
01:14:15I got to the table, opened the yellow one, and licked it.
01:14:18It did taste like lemon.
01:14:20So, I licked each one and made a list.
01:14:23Pink tasted like strawberry.
01:14:25Red was chili.
01:14:26Orange was an orange.
01:14:28Blue was very bitter.
01:14:29Light blue was salty.
01:14:31And violet was blueberry.
01:14:33Black was black pepper.
01:14:35Beige, nutmuss.
01:14:37Gray, paper.
01:14:38And green tasted like puke.
01:14:41Well, I had to conclude, I don't eat green food from now on.
01:14:45Not that I was really sad about it, though.
01:14:47Only one color was left, the brown one.
01:14:51I was very reluctant to try it, but I had to figure it out.
01:14:55To my relief, it had the taste of coffee.
01:14:59I don't like coffee, but it could be worse.
01:15:02I knew I had to go see my doctor, but I kind of wanted to live with this superpower for a while.
01:15:07It doesn't happen to you every day, you know.
01:15:10So, I decided I'll go to the doctor tomorrow.
01:15:13And today, I had to learn how to live with this ability.
01:15:17I had to avoid putting in my mouth anything black, gray, blue, and green.
01:15:22Not only food, but the dishes and cutlery as well.
01:15:25And I had to figure out what food I can actually eat.
01:15:29Because I didn't like strawberries that tasted like chili pepper.
01:15:33So, I went to the store to get some transparent dishes.
01:15:37While walking, I was thinking about my menu for today.
01:15:40Orange juice works, strawberry, vanilla, and lemon yogurt too.
01:15:45I can make a fruit salad with mango, raspberries, grapes, banana, and yogurt.
01:15:51But that was all I could come up with.
01:15:53As I was thinking, I was biting my lip and found out it tasted like strawberry.
01:15:58In the store, it was pretty easy to find a transparent bowl.
01:16:02But spoons and forks were a problem.
01:16:05I think I went to every store in my city until I could finally find them.
01:16:09As soon as I got back home, I cut all the fruits and made a fruit salad.
01:16:13I hadn't eaten much that morning as you remember.
01:16:16Honestly, it was the best salad ever.
01:16:19I saved some money because I didn't have to buy berries, oranges, and lemons.
01:16:23But the taste was there.
01:16:25As I was enjoying my meal, the phone rang.
01:16:27It was my grandma, and she invited me for dinner that evening.
01:16:31I tried to say I couldn't make it, but she wouldn't listen.
01:16:34Grandmas.
01:16:36You know, it's just impossible to skip when they want to feed you.
01:16:39So, she said she didn't want to hear any excuses and that I had to be at her house by 6.
01:16:46This meant I couldn't wait until tomorrow.
01:16:48I had to go to the doctor right then and get rid of this superpower
01:16:52before my grandma made me eat puke and drink tea with black pepper.
01:16:56I checked the time.
01:16:57I had only 20 minutes before my doctor left, and the clinic was several blocks away.
01:17:02I finished my salad and ran out of the apartment.
01:17:05I got to the clinic just 5 minutes before it closed for the day
01:17:09and asked if my doctor could see me because I had an emergency.
01:17:13To my relief, he agreed.
01:17:15When I told him that I could taste colors,
01:17:17he looked at me puzzled and probably thought it was a stupid prank.
01:17:21Then I told him the whole story
01:17:23about the fried egg for breakfast and how I bought and tasted all the markers
01:17:27that violet was blueberry and green was not an apple as he might've thought.
01:17:32That I spent hours trying to find a transparent spoon and fork.
01:17:36To be honest, in my head it sounded better and was making much more sense.
01:17:40The doctor was silent and kinda suspicious.
01:17:43He measured my temperature, my blood pressure, and looked at my mouth.
01:17:48So, you've been eating markers, he smiled.
01:17:51Oops, I guess my tongue was the color of a rainbow.
01:17:54Well, that really doesn't sound normal for a grown-up.
01:17:57The doctor obviously didn't believe me,
01:17:59so he just let me go, recommending a good night's sleep.
01:18:03So, I guess I was stuck with it, and I had to go to grandma's.
01:18:08Unfortunately, there was no way she'd feed me strawberry yogurt for dinner.
01:18:13I got home to get my new cutlery,
01:18:15so at least I didn't have to taste paper when eating with my grandma's gray metal fork.
01:18:20I had another couple of hours, so I did some Googling,
01:18:23but still couldn't find any solution or even research on my condition.
01:18:28I thought that maybe I could wash it off, so I drank a gallon of water.
01:18:33But it didn't help, so I went to grandma's place feeling doomed.
01:18:37Plus, I really needed to go.
01:18:40She was happy to see me and announced that she had my favorite broccoli pancakes for me.
01:18:45Yeah, maybe yesterday they had been my favorite, but definitely not anymore.
01:18:50I tried to say I'm not hungry and I could just drink some orange juice,
01:18:54but of course, she wouldn't listen.
01:18:57She gave me a plate with five pancakes and a cup of black tea.
01:19:01Suddenly, I got an idea of how I could get rid of at least the pepper taste.
01:19:05If I put a piece of lemon in the tea, I'll get brown.
01:19:09Therefore, I'll have a coffee tea instead of a pepper tea.
01:19:13I was lucky, my grandma did have the lemon, so the tea problem was solved.
01:19:18But the worst part was the pancakes, and my grandma was looking at me all excited and pleased.
01:19:24I had to eat.
01:19:26I was trying hard to control my facial expression and looked very happy
01:19:30as if I was eating the best food on the planet,
01:19:33even though it was the most terrible meal in my life.
01:19:36And yes, I was drinking a lot of my coffee tea.
01:19:39Well, three cups.
01:19:41But when I finished and thanked my grandma,
01:19:44she was so happy that I understood eating puke was worth it.
01:19:48Turned out my grandma actually had a vanilla yogurt,
01:19:51so I ate all she had to get rid of the taste I still had in my mouth after the pancakes.
01:19:57On my way home, biting my strawberry lip, I was thinking,
01:20:01I had to come up with a plan on how to get rid of this ability.
01:20:05But I couldn't think of anything.
01:20:07So, as soon as I got home, I just went to sleep, even though it was only 9 p.m.
01:20:12I slept for 11 hours.
01:20:14And the next morning, I made myself a fruit salad with yogurt.
01:20:18Again.
01:20:19I guess from then on, it was my dish for the rest of my life.
01:20:23I was eating it with my transparent fork and watching a TV show,
01:20:27when I suddenly realized I couldn't taste any lemon there.
01:20:31And no orange as well.
01:20:33I bit my lip, and it didn't have a taste anymore.
01:20:36With my hands shaking, I opened the fridge to get my strawberries.
01:20:40I ate one, and it tasted like a regular normal strawberry.
01:20:44No chili pepper.
01:20:46Everything was back to normal like it never happened.
01:20:49But I swear it did.
01:20:51Really!
01:20:54Yep, there's ice.
01:20:56All around.
01:20:57As far as the eye can see.
01:20:59A white desert covers the entrance to your cave.
01:21:02The one where you and a bunch of other settlers live.
01:21:05Everyone's gathered around a fire pit, trying to keep warm.
01:21:09Telling each other stories about how much snow they saw the other day.
01:21:13Some are running around playing tag, throwing sticks,
01:21:17whatever people used to do for fun 300,000 years ago.
01:21:21You're one of the earliest Homo sapiens to ever walk the Earth.
01:21:26Others are sleeping or just resting their eyes.
01:21:30All around the cave, all you can hear are stomachs rumbling.
01:21:34Sounds like a wild animal lurking around.
01:21:37You look out the mouth of the cave and see that the storm has cleared.
01:21:42Time to grab some tools and head out as a group.
01:21:45In the open wilderness, you find some berries covered in snow
01:21:49and plants that might be edible.
01:21:52But it's not enough to feed the whole tribe.
01:21:55It's the Ice Age, and there's not much vegetation growing anywhere.
01:22:00One of your friends spots some large footprints in the snow.
01:22:04The chase is on.
01:22:06You can't tell what it is, but it should be enough to feed everyone for a couple of days.
01:22:12As you go deeper into the snow-covered forest, you hear a growl behind you.
01:22:17You hope it's your stomach, but you look behind you and suddenly black out.
01:22:23An Ice Age is a period when large sheets of ice cover everything, changing the Earth permanently.
01:22:30It's partly responsible for the raising and lowering of sea levels,
01:22:34as well as the current layout of the continents.
01:22:37Picture monster-thick ice sheets spread across what's now Canada,
01:22:41Scandinavia, Russia, and even South America.
01:22:45That's all caused sea levels to change drastically,
01:22:48and temperatures around the world fell dramatically.
01:22:52And I'm not talking about just one Ice Age.
01:22:56There were a bunch of them.
01:22:58Scientists say there have been five major Ice Ages throughout history,
01:23:02lasting for millions of years.
01:23:04And we're in the middle of one right now.
01:23:07Relax, don't panic.
01:23:09It doesn't mean we're all going to be sleeping next to bonfires,
01:23:12trying to keep warm after being out all day looking for woolly mammoths.
01:23:17And no, there won't be a massive geological ice storm that freezes everything in its path.
01:23:23Ice Ages have warmer periods in them that come and go,
01:23:27lasting for tens of thousands of years.
01:23:30In fact, billions of years ago, the Earth was one giant snowball with no life on it.
01:23:36And the Sun back then was also just a cute little fireball,
01:23:40without enough heat to melt all that ice.
01:23:43But as the Sun got bigger and hotter, Earth's ice slowly melted away,
01:23:48leaving the green and blue ball we have today.
01:23:52We're living in the Quaternary Ice Age that's been going on for the past 2.6 million years, and counting.
01:23:59Some animals have thrived in this latest Ice Age, like whales and sharks.
01:24:04They've been at the top of the food chain for ages.
01:24:07Under them are seals, certain kinds of fish, otters, all the way down to tiny plankton.
01:24:14Up on the cold surface, mammals had to grow thick and shaggy fur just to stay warm.
01:24:20Ancient mammoths, rhinos, and bison were known to have thick rugs on them.
01:24:25They looked awesome.
01:24:27They were herbivores and ate small shrubs and whatever grass they could find.
01:24:32But several thousand years ago, temperatures began to rise, and most of these animals became extinct.
01:24:39The ones that remained evolved into the elephants, hippos, and rhinos we have today.
01:24:46You wake up from your blackout and find yourself face-to-face with a creature that kind of looks like a modern-day bobcat,
01:24:54except it's much bigger and furrier.
01:24:57It's a smilodon, an epic version of a saber-toothed cat with a mean look.
01:25:03It's around the same size as a male lion and has two front fangs that make me think twice before leaving the safety of my cave.
01:25:11They look scary, but scientists think their bite wasn't as powerful as today's tigers or lions.
01:25:18What made them tough were their giant forearms used to wrestle down anyone who got on their nerves.
01:25:24In packs, they were even able to take down mammoths.
01:25:29Either way, you don't want to be waking up next to this kitty.
01:25:33It's staring you down, ready to pounce.
01:25:36But you and your friends keep calm and slowly back off.
01:25:40You get the genius idea to throw a rock to distract it, then run.
01:25:46Nowadays, it's near impossible for a human to out-sprint a lion or tiger, but humans back then were much fitter.
01:25:53Once the danger's over, everyone continues to look for food.
01:25:57It's getting dark, and you haven't found anything to bring back to the cave.
01:26:02Suddenly, you smell something burning.
01:26:05Way off in the distance, you see a thin column of smoke rising into the sky.
01:26:10Another settlement?
01:26:12You and your friends look at each other and approach the smoke cautiously.
01:26:18Homo sapiens first came into being about 200 or 300 years ago.
01:26:23But human history didn't just pop up out of nowhere.
01:26:26As far back as 7 million years ago, some of us decided to call it quits.
01:26:32We left our chimpanzee ancestors in the jungle and started doing our own thing.
01:26:37And that didn't just happen once.
01:26:40Over those next millions of years, there were over 20 different human species.
01:26:45Some were our ancestors, some were twigs from a completely different branch.
01:26:50Some were tiny, others better adapted for hot or cold weather.
01:26:55Before you know it, you see a group of Neanderthals cooking some meat, sharpening their tools.
01:27:01Neanderthals were the first to migrate to Europe.
01:27:04Scientists believe they were around somewhere between 40,000 to 400,000 years ago.
01:27:10They occupied all areas between Europe and Asia,
01:27:13while Homo sapiens, that's us, were still all the way down in Africa.
01:27:18You enter their camp and immediately see the differences between each other.
01:27:23They're stocky and look a bit different.
01:27:25But there are some similarities, like flat teeth for chewing and gnawing,
01:27:30and big skulls for their big brains.
01:27:32They even have clothes on, like you.
01:27:35According to archaeologists, they lived in shelters and made tools out of stone, sticks and bones.
01:27:41They welcome you inside and give you a tour like no other.
01:27:45You're officially meeting another human species.
01:27:48They take you inside their cave and show you some of their cave paintings.
01:27:53They were the first artists of their time.
01:27:56Many of their galleries are still around today, like the ones in caves in Spain.
01:28:01You know their style. Minimalist paintings of deer, a large handprint.
01:28:06They also dabbled a bit in jewelry making.
01:28:09They made necklaces out of eagle talons and animal fangs.
01:28:13They were also probably the first ones to harness the power of fire.
01:28:17Did they discover it when a bolt of lightning hit a tree?
01:28:21Or when one of them dropped a rock on another rock, creating a spark?
01:28:25No one really knows.
01:28:27We're able to recreate it and use it to keep warm, to cook food, to see in the darkness, and to protect themselves.
01:28:35After the nice tour, you hang around the campfire to keep warm.
01:28:39They even offer you some extra clothes for the journey home.
01:28:42Mostly thick, shaggy mammoth coats.
01:28:45If only you could talk to each other, that would be awesome.
01:28:49But it's getting dark, and you need to head back to the tribe.
01:28:53You say your goodbyes and thank them for teaching you how to draw a deer, and for that sack of food they gave you.
01:29:00The Ice Age was important for the development of the modern Homo sapiens.
01:29:05Because of the extreme cold and other harsh conditions, they had to adapt to survive, be extra clever and innovative.
01:29:13They developed advanced tools, and even used bone needles to sew warm clothing.
01:29:18They may have hosted the first ever runway show.
01:29:24When the climate started to get warmer, they developed farming techniques to sustain themselves,
01:29:29and mainly settled near large bodies of water, like rivers or lakes, while others opted to be near seas and oceans.
01:29:37They, I mean we, were even the first to domesticate animals.
01:29:42Fast forward a few hundred thousand years, and here we are.
01:29:48If Einstein was born in the 1500s, his hair would definitely be slicker and probably parted in the middle.
01:29:55We'd seen him with a puffy chest and a neutral expression.
01:29:58And most importantly, he would wear these funny aristocratic shoes with delicate lace.
01:30:03Now here's a crazy thought. Let's say Beethoven was an adult in the early 2000s.
01:30:08I'm thinking he would look like a member of the Backstreet Boys or NSYNC.
01:30:13Definitely no crazy hair, since he would be rocking a buzz cut.
01:30:17Honestly, I think I love this version of him.
01:30:19Now, if The Scream by Edward Munch was an early Renaissance painting, this is what we would see.
01:30:26A man in a laced-up long-sleeved vest with a pouch on his belt to carry water and essentials, of course.
01:30:33Picture an old Bilbo Baggins, if you will.
01:30:36And what if Selena Gomez had been born in the 1920s?
01:30:40Now I'm thinking she'd be pictured wearing a beautiful polka-dot dress with a short hairdo and a cloche hat.
01:30:47Would Brad Pitt also be considered one of the most beautiful men alive back in Ancient Egypt?
01:30:53I'd say absolutely.
01:30:54These pastel tunics are a great fit for him.
01:30:57Oh, and we saw him in Troy. He sure can sport sandals.
01:31:01Oh, and who's that?
01:31:03Ah, it's Spider-Man, but all the way back in the Victorian era.
01:31:07He still has his red mask, but even superheroes had to be formal.
01:31:11That's why he's wearing a vest with precious-looking gold buttons.
01:31:15And not to mention, this Spider-Man has a cape.
01:31:18Those long tailored capes men used to wear.
01:31:21And that's Doctor Strange.
01:31:23I have to say, he seems to fit perfectly into the Victorian period.
01:31:27He's a little bit fancier here.
01:31:29His cape got an upgrade, and it's embroidered with golden threads and some brooches.
01:31:35Jump to the future.
01:31:36AI generated what celebrities would look like in 40 years from now.
01:31:40So, this is Harry Styles.
01:31:42I'd say a mixture of an aged Jim Carrey with Daniel Craig, maybe.
01:31:46And what about Billie Eilish?
01:31:48With natural gray hair, she looks like Tilda Swinton in Narnia.
01:31:52Gorgeous, if you ask me.
01:31:55The food on the tables in the cruise ship's dining room seems freshly made.
01:31:59It looks like everyone just picked up and left.
01:32:02You panic and run outside to the main deck.
01:32:04There are plenty of slippers and sandals lying around.
01:32:07But no people around.
01:32:12You bend over the railing and see that the cruise ship is still moving.
01:32:16There's not a single staff member in sight.
01:32:19Your first guess is that they've all gathered somewhere for some reason.
01:32:23So you make your way to the captain.
01:32:25You walk through the long and maze-like corridors before you reach the control room.
01:32:29The door is wide open and someone has set the ship to cruise control.
01:32:33Some scenarios play out in your head.
01:32:38Scenario number one is that while you were asleep,
01:32:40everyone else woke up and decided to pull a prank on you.
01:32:43So they must be hiding somewhere on the ship.
01:32:45When you freak out because no one is around,
01:32:47they'll pop out of nowhere and surprise you with an awesome party and cake.
01:32:53The second scenario you come up with is that while everyone was enjoying their cruise,
01:32:57the ship accidentally entered the fourth dimension with everyone,
01:33:00including the animals on board.
01:33:02But then, why did they leave you behind?
01:33:06The third possible scenario is that everyone found a better cruise ship nearby
01:33:10and decided to abandon the ship for a better one.
01:33:13They just forgot to tell you.
01:33:14But why did they leave their stuff behind and their food half-eaten?
01:33:19You try to figure out what the controls mean.
01:33:21But it's just a bunch of random gizmos and flickering lights.
01:33:25There is no pop-up manual to study, but there is pretty fast Wi-Fi.
01:33:29You start your laptop and do a quick search on what some of these things mean.
01:33:34You quickly figure out that the ship is in safety mode
01:33:36and has automatic sensors to detect when the water gets too rough.
01:33:41You open up social media and try to contact some people,
01:33:44but your phone doesn't have a connection.
01:33:47Only the laptop, which is connected via cable, works.
01:33:51There's a radio to contact the mainland.
01:33:53You ring in, but no one's answering.
01:33:56Suddenly, your notifications pop up.
01:33:58You look at photos of your friends on vacation or back home.
01:34:02But they're not there.
01:34:03Only the backdrop with no one in there.
01:34:05Everyone has officially disappeared, except you.
01:34:09You try one last time to contact the rest of the world, but nobody is answering.
01:34:14You check out some of the cruise details
01:34:15and find out that the ship will need around 11 days until you reach the nearest dock.
01:34:20After looking at the map, you see a small remote island that's only four days' trip away.
01:34:26The cruise ship travels around 20 knots, which is around 23 miles an hour.
01:34:31Meanwhile, you discover the ship and enter some of the fancy places.
01:34:36The ads on TV just show an empty backdrop of the cruise ship without people,
01:34:40which makes it look quite lonely.
01:34:43On a seven-day cruise, a large ship can use over 9,000 pounds of lettuce
01:34:48and 45,000 pounds of eggs.
01:34:51In general, there are 2,000 steaks
01:34:53and 1,000 baked potatoes consumed per day on a cruise with more than 1,000 people.
01:34:59There is so much food and ingredients on the ship that you can technically last for years.
01:35:04You reach the receptionist's desk
01:35:06and talk over the intercom radio to make official announcements.
01:35:10Hello? Hello?
01:35:12Just the sound of crickets.
01:35:15Okay, if this is some kind of prank, it's not funny.
01:35:18You can come out now. I'm going to the under deck for some snacks.
01:35:22You wait for an answer, but no one is coming.
01:35:25You decide to go to the lower decks of the ship,
01:35:27but before you head down, you check out the ice skating rink with no one there.
01:35:32You slip on some ice skating shoes and go for a little spin.
01:35:35It feels good with no one to bother you or tell you what to do.
01:35:39After that, you check out the game room and play some arcade games.
01:35:42You use the coins from the counter and play for hours.
01:35:46The sun begins to set, so you decide to have a refreshing drink and enjoy the view.
01:35:51You sit on the top deck where only the VIPs are allowed and grab the biggest sunbed to lay on.
01:35:57It's so quiet that you can hear the ocean waves.
01:36:00You fall asleep there and wake up the next morning because of the bright sun.
01:36:04You walk around trying to see what to do.
01:36:07You grab a golf club and start swinging.
01:36:09You get the balls into the ocean and keep playing until you get bored.
01:36:14You realize that you got sidetracked with the activities and want to go to the lower decks of the ship.
01:36:19You check out the staff-only entry with a pass that you found lying around.
01:36:24You start descending to the bottom. It's getting darker.
01:36:27The power isn't working, so you grab a flashlight and look through the rooms.
01:36:33Crew members usually live in a dorm-style room with shared bunk beds.
01:36:36They have a common area for eating staff meals and have access to other recreational activities.
01:36:42The kitchens that serve the main restaurants are also located in the bottom areas.
01:36:47All the rooms look the same.
01:36:49There's a lot of noise coming from the engine room, which makes it creepy.
01:36:53The pipes are clanking and popping sounds bust from random places.
01:36:57The lights are flickering.
01:36:59There are shadows following you as you're moving with the flashlight you picked up from one of the rooms.
01:37:03You're scared.
01:37:05You call out to see if there's anyone there, but all you hear is your own voice echoing through the corridors.
01:37:12You're lost.
01:37:14You try to find your way back to the top decks, but everything looks the same.
01:37:18You start running and panicking.
01:37:20You trip over something and lose your flashlight.
01:37:22It's very dark.
01:37:24You wave your arms around and try to find your way out.
01:37:27You put your hands on the wall and try to navigate around.
01:37:29You see a bright light at the end of the corridor.
01:37:32You walk towards there.
01:37:34You end up reaching one of the central kitchens with plenty of food lying around.
01:37:38There are dozens of fridges and a whole kitchen dedicated to desserts.
01:37:42Your stomach growls from hunger.
01:37:45You eat some of the most exotic and top-of-the-line food that can cost up to a thousand dollars per dish.
01:37:51You spend the next few days gobbling up the yummy treats, playing golf and partying on the dance floor.
01:37:56Three days later, you maxed out most of the fun stuff of the cruise ship.
01:38:00While basking in the sun, you see an island in the distance.
01:38:03You grab your binoculars and notice the dock where the ship is heading to.
01:38:08You quickly head to the control center and see the map.
01:38:11It needs 30 minutes to arrive, but you don't know how to park the cruise ship.
01:38:17You end up lowering the anchor to stop the ship.
01:38:20You'll then use the rescue boats for rowing to the island.
01:38:22You gather some supplies and food and row.
01:38:25Maybe someone on the island can help you out.
01:38:28You descend and row to the shore.
01:38:30You enter the city, but it's empty.
01:38:33People have left their cars in the middle of the road during their commute.
01:38:36You head to the police station to see if you can get some answers, but nothing.
01:38:41Months later, you've explored the whole island and saved plenty of food from the cruise ship.
01:38:46However, there is one problem.
01:38:49After five years, you've taken complete control over the island
01:38:52and learned how to drive the cruise ship properly.
01:38:55You haven't seen a single person since that day on the cruise ship.
01:38:58It's like everyone picked up and evaporated.
01:39:01Ten years later, you're sitting in the radio tower.
01:39:04You have a full-grown beard and fields of crops all over the island.
01:39:08You haven't stepped foot on the cruise ship for three years.
01:39:11Suddenly, you catch some signal on the radio tower.
01:39:14Someone from the mainland is trying to contact you.
01:39:17You decide to get back on the ship and make your way there.
01:39:20Here we go again.
01:39:23You rush around your house, getting your bag ready for work,
01:39:26while you gulp down the last of your coffee.
01:39:29Your annoying alarm didn't go off, so you've been in a rush all morning.
01:39:33Just as you're about to leave, you hear a shriek coming from outside.
01:39:37You sprint to the door, but it's too late.
01:39:40Just as you're about to leave, you hear a shriek coming from outside.
01:39:43You sprint onto the street. Maybe someone needs help.
01:39:47You look around, but nothing seems wrong.
01:39:50All you can see is an upset-looking woman frantically tapping at her phone.
01:39:54She suddenly turns to you and says something about the battery,
01:39:58but she's so worked up that it was hard to understand.
01:40:01Maybe she missed an important call and she needs a charger.
01:40:05You offer to help and run back inside to get your charger.
01:40:08When you unplug your phone, you realize that it's out of charge too.
01:40:13Weird, it should've been on 100% after charging all night.
01:40:17You think back to your broken alarm clock
01:40:20and wonder whether there might be a local power outage or something.
01:40:24You get even more worried when you check your laptop.
01:40:28It won't turn on either.
01:40:30How are you going to give your big work presentation now?
01:40:33Oops, you realize that the woman outside is probably still waiting for the charger.
01:40:38You rush back out, but she's gone.
01:40:41The street now looks like some kind of weird disaster movie set.
01:40:46It's filled with angry and confused pedestrians.
01:40:49You manage to pick up on a few words about power and batteries,
01:40:53and it's clear that something has gone very wrong.
01:40:57A guy that lives across the street is on the floor holding his knee and rubbing his head,
01:41:02with his hoverboard lying a couple of feet away on the ground.
01:41:05Looks like he took a big fall.
01:41:08You wonder why everything is going so wrong for everybody.
01:41:11The man, who usually delivers your papers, cycles up next to you.
01:41:16He's panting so much that he can barely get a sentence out.
01:41:19The battery on my bike is broken.
01:41:21I guess I'll have to ride up all these hills the old school way now.
01:41:26A friend from work runs up to you, saying her car stopped.
01:41:30You try to help her, but nope, the battery isn't working at all.
01:41:34It looks like everyone else is having the same problem.
01:41:36The road is completely deserted too.
01:41:39You try your car too, but that's not working either.
01:41:43Just as you were deep in thought, thinking about how to go about your day without your car,
01:41:48a giant hunk of metal shoots down from the sky and explodes into a million pieces.
01:41:54A drone just fell out of the sky.
01:41:57The street is completely filled with fire, so you and your friend run into your house.
01:42:02At least it looks like you don't have to worry about going to work today anymore.
01:42:07Your friend says none of her electronics are working,
01:42:10so you run around your house checking your things.
01:42:13You go into your bathroom and try the trimmer. Nope.
01:42:16Electric toothbrush? Also nothing.
01:42:19What about that cool remote-controlled car you got for your 12th birthday?
01:42:23You look under the bed. Yup, the car's there. And lots of dust too.
01:42:28Phew! You take it out and try. Nothing.
01:42:32Although, that could be just because it's over a decade old.
01:42:36You pull out a bundle of outdoor lights. Hmm, what would the holidays look like if these don't work?
01:42:42You feel uneasy, knowing that the smoke detector won't work anymore.
01:42:47How will you know if any of your technology goes wrong and starts a fire?
01:42:51Well, at least most of it won't be working enough to cause a fire anyway now.
01:42:56Time to check the most important thing – the TV.
01:43:00You pick up the remote and, as expected, nothing.
01:43:03You wonder if there's even a way to turn it on without the remote.
01:43:07After searching for a button a little while, you switch it on.
01:43:11You can't figure out why only some things seem to be working.
01:43:15The news stations are all talking about one thing.
01:43:18Apparently, all the batteries in the entire world have stopped working.
01:43:22That explains why the TV is fine.
01:43:25All of the channels showing emergency news broadcasts
01:43:29with clips of chaotic traffic problems and people despairing over their broken devices.
01:43:34There's a banging at your door, and you realize that your wireless doorbell won't ring anymore.
01:43:40That's actually good.
01:43:42Now you don't even have to pretend you're not home when that annoying neighbor comes to visit.
01:43:47Speaking of neighbor, hopefully, his guitar amplifier won't work anymore.
01:43:51You might finally be able to sleep in on Saturday mornings.
01:43:56Oh no, your new wireless headphones will be useless now.
01:44:00You'll still be paying for those for a couple more months and can't even use them.
01:44:05Another one of your friends, Ryan, is at the door.
01:44:08Luckily, he's a bit of a genius, so he might be able to help figure out what's happened.
01:44:14It freaks you out a bit when he tells you how bad things are looking in the world.
01:44:18Batteries are very important for our society.
01:44:21Most of the technology we use needs batteries to function.
01:44:25But we rarely pay much attention to them.
01:44:28Or at least not until our TV remote stops working.
01:44:31Ryan begins to explain that the first battery was invented at the beginning of the 19th century.
01:44:36It stores chemical energy that gets converted into electricity that we use to power things.
01:44:42You cut him off.
01:44:44Why would you need to know about that?
01:44:45How can you get your phone working again?
01:44:48He shakes his head.
01:44:50Apparently, scientists all over the world are looking into the problem.
01:44:54But it seems like all batteries have just stopped working completely.
01:44:58And they have no idea why.
01:45:00The batteries we mostly use are lithium-ion ones.
01:45:04The type you find in smartphones and laptops.
01:45:07These can be easily recharged and offer a smooth and reliable power supply.
01:45:12But not anymore.
01:45:13They're just useless chunks of metal now.
01:45:16The disposable ones are broken too.
01:45:19And now all batteries have stopped working.
01:45:22There's no way to store power at all.
01:45:24Ryan looks scared and broken.
01:45:26It looks like the world is heading back to the 19th century again.
01:45:30You thought this would all get fixed.
01:45:33But it begins to dawn on you how much the world will change without any way to store power.
01:45:39You get why Ryan looks so desperate.
01:45:42And your face begins to pale.
01:45:44What will people do now?
01:45:46No digital watches, tablets, laptops, calculators?
01:45:50Will we have to memorize phone numbers or learn what's 14 times 6?
01:45:55How will we tell time?
01:45:57Who will wake you up in the morning?
01:45:59At least it'll be a lot easier to get to sleep early without a smartphone.
01:46:03Will people have to get up every time they want to turn on their TVs now?
01:46:06Will they have to socialize without their phones when sitting in bars?
01:46:11No more carrying laptops around and working on the go.
01:46:15You won't be able to jot things down on a Word document anymore.
01:46:19You'll have to get used to writing instead of typing.
01:46:22Pen? Paper?
01:46:24You haven't seen those since high school.
01:46:26Oh no!
01:46:28You might have to start reading books again.
01:46:30There won't be much else to do.
01:46:32Your Kindle isn't an option anymore.
01:46:34So you'll need to look into buying some real books.
01:46:38Ooh, that could get expensive.
01:46:40People will have to savor every moment because they won't be able to take pictures of anything anymore.
01:46:46There will be no more electric scooters or bikes.
01:46:49Electric cars won't be of much use either.
01:46:52Well, it's not like you could afford one,
01:46:54but still, it was good to know that some rich people out there had the option to get one.
01:46:59What kind of cars are companies going to produce now?
01:47:01Even boats have some parts charged on batteries,
01:47:05so they may be useless now too.
01:47:08Maybe you'll get to see the return of giant wooden galleons,
01:47:13like the pirates used to sail on.
01:47:15And what about planes?
01:47:17Don't they need batteries too?
01:47:19Looks like that overseas trip to Spain will have to remain on the bucket list.
01:47:23No more listening to music when you're on public transportation.
01:47:27Are you going to have to talk to people now?
01:47:30What about social media?
01:47:32You won't be able to waste time scrolling through your feed anymore.
01:47:36How will you ever get to work again?
01:47:39With no car, you'll have to run miles every day and get up early.
01:47:43You make a note to yourself to look into getting a horse and cart.
01:47:47And you'll have to remember in which order they go.
01:47:50Think about it.
01:47:52Yep, today was an assault on batteries.
01:47:55It's time to start some new habits now,
01:47:57or revive some of those old, long-forgotten ones.
01:48:01You are waiting for your garlic bread in the oven.
01:48:04While looking up at the stars through your kitchen window,
01:48:07you ask yourself, could you send garlic bread to space?
01:48:11And more importantly, could you still eat it if it came back?
01:48:14Some mighty important questions.
01:48:16Usually, when it comes to garlic bread,
01:48:19there are only two things people care about.
01:48:21Do we want cheese on it?
01:48:23And, oh yeah, eating it.
01:48:24That mouth-watering garlicky taste,
01:48:27combined with the soft, warm bread.
01:48:29Okay, focus.
01:48:31How are we going to send the bread to space?
01:48:33Given that NASA's first space shuttle cost roughly $49 billion,
01:48:38I don't think they'll allow us to borrow a rocket ship for the day,
01:48:41since they may have, you know, more important things to do.
01:48:44I know, it's hard to believe that some people
01:48:47don't take garlic bread as seriously as the rest of us.
01:48:50Don't worry, though.
01:48:52All we need is a balloon.
01:48:54We're used to being around at things like parties,
01:48:57where you're surrounded by pizza,
01:48:59burgers and bread buns,
01:49:01hot dogs and bread buns, and cake.
01:49:03I think bread might have too strong of a hold on me.
01:49:06Anyway, the kind of balloon we need is a weather balloon.
01:49:09A weather balloon is explicitly designed
01:49:12to reach high altitudes of up to 24 miles.
01:49:15It carries instruments beyond our atmosphere
01:49:18to send information on temperature, humidity, wind speed,
01:49:21and atmospheric pressure back to us.
01:49:22A French meteorologist, this guy,
01:49:25first started experimenting with them in 1896,
01:49:28and his work led to the discovery of the stratosphere.
01:49:31Hmm, I wonder if he'd been proud of these balloons
01:49:34now operating as an extraterrestrial taxi service
01:49:37for our garlic bread.
01:49:39Maybe not.
01:49:41But I'm sure he'd be delighted,
01:49:43knowing that hundreds of people worldwide
01:49:45today release these balloons for their own experiments
01:49:48every 12 hours.
01:49:49Most standard organizations believe that space
01:49:52officially starts at the completely arbitrated Kármán line,
01:49:55over 62 miles above us.
01:49:58Sending the bread into orbit would require
01:50:00a speed of tens of thousands of miles an hour.
01:50:03Without our rocket ship,
01:50:05which conventionally travels at a speed of 17,000 mph,
01:50:08we won't be able to get the bread that high
01:50:11or to travel at that speed.
01:50:13OK, no, you can still keep the rocket.
01:50:16I'm happy with my amazing weather balloon,
01:50:18which, by the way, will still get us
01:50:20a third of the way to space,
01:50:22bringing us to the area known as
01:50:24the edge of space.
01:50:26Given that the atmosphere up there is so thin,
01:50:29about 1% of the pressure at ground level,
01:50:32it's really not that bad of a substitute
01:50:34for actual space for this test.
01:50:36I was never comfortable with being over
01:50:3862 miles away from my dinner anyway,
01:50:41so this works much better
01:50:43for my food abandonment issues.
01:50:45Ah, my ears!
01:50:47I can already hear you at your computer screaming,
01:50:49what is this guy talking about?
01:50:52I've seen videos of things like pizza
01:50:54being sent to actual space before
01:50:56using a similar method.
01:50:58Why should we settle for the edge of space?
01:51:00Well, many cameras operating in those videos
01:51:03to document the object's journey
01:51:05use a fisheye lens.
01:51:07This lens exaggerates the Earth's curve
01:51:09compared to what it looks like at those heights,
01:51:11giving off the illusion
01:51:12that the camera's closer to space than it is.
01:51:14Ha, glad we settled that.
01:51:16Unlike if I were to ask you
01:51:18which is better, pizza or garlic bread.
01:51:21Moving swiftly along, thank you.
01:51:23Now that we've got our weather balloon
01:51:25to which we've reluctantly attached
01:51:27our garlic bread,
01:51:29the moment for take-off has arrived.
01:51:31We launch the garlic bread to the sky
01:51:33and wipe the tears from our cheeks
01:51:35as we watch it disappear beyond the clouds.
01:51:38In comparison to a rocket,
01:51:40the pace of our rocket
01:51:42and our weather balloon
01:51:44may as well be that of a tortoise,
01:51:46and it will travel at a speed
01:51:48of over 1,000 feet per minute.
01:51:50So, a good way to distract ourselves
01:51:52from the sadness of our bread's departure
01:51:54is by asking ourselves
01:51:56what the garlic bread's in store for
01:51:58during its journey.
01:52:00Well, in two hours,
01:52:02our weather balloon can rise above the clouds
01:52:04higher than the paths of jet planes,
01:52:06passing through the ozone layer
01:52:08in the stratosphere
01:52:10and reaching altitudes of 22 miles or higher.
01:52:12The balloon will endure temperatures
01:52:14as cold as minus 90 degrees centigrade,
01:52:16meaning we'd better have a microwave on hand
01:52:19should it make its way back to us.
01:52:21The balloon will expand as it ascends
01:52:23from 6.5 feet up to 26 feet
01:52:26because air pressure decreases
01:52:28as the balloon climbs higher
01:52:30in the atmosphere.
01:52:32What happens next would be
01:52:34a truly satisfying experience
01:52:36where my food not being put at risk
01:52:38as a result,
01:52:40our weather balloon pops.
01:52:42We begin the descent from the skies.
01:52:44Wind conditions dictate
01:52:46how far from the launch site
01:52:48the bread will land,
01:52:50but we can expect it to turn up
01:52:52no more than 75 miles away.
01:52:54As is the case for experiments
01:52:56with weather balloons,
01:52:58a parachute is attached to the cargo,
01:53:00which will help ensure
01:53:02the bread's safe return
01:53:04and a reunion with its best friend,
01:53:06my stomach.
01:53:08Some say it's a one-sided friendship.
01:53:10Even though it's this stomach of mine
01:53:12that makes me happy,
01:53:14it's the actual animals
01:53:16who now pose a threat
01:53:18as potential predators
01:53:20of snatching our dinner.
01:53:22Engineers have designed packaging
01:53:24for exercises like this
01:53:26equipped with GPS and a servo.
01:53:28This packaging will close shut
01:53:30approximately 3,280 feet
01:53:32above the ground.
01:53:34It will protect the garlic bread
01:53:36from unwanted landing spots
01:53:38and the various jaws
01:53:40of the animal kingdom,
01:53:42so it's safe.
01:53:44Weather balloons used
01:53:46for experiments like this
01:53:48are doing more damage
01:53:50to wildlife and nature
01:53:52than vice versa.
01:53:54Marine animals like turtles
01:53:56often mistake the remains
01:53:58of weather balloons in the water
01:54:00for jellyfish and eat them
01:54:02thinking that they've just
01:54:04got themselves an easy meal.
01:54:06This is damaging for these animals
01:54:08given the components
01:54:10of these weather balloons
01:54:12that allow you to try
01:54:14and send some food to space
01:54:16using balloons.
01:54:18Keep this in mind.
01:54:20So the hunt is now on,
01:54:22not for any wild animals,
01:54:24but ourselves.
01:54:26What's that saying though?
01:54:28Fail to prepare.
01:54:30Prepare to go without
01:54:32that fantastic piece of garlic bread
01:54:34that you've just launched
01:54:36into the edge of space
01:54:38which you're now on your way
01:54:40to reclaim,
01:54:42and once it landed,
01:54:44we attach radio trackers
01:54:46to the balloon
01:54:48before launching it.
01:54:50They send a signal
01:54:52with a GPS position
01:54:54to the ground,
01:54:56which is then put on a map
01:54:58for us to chase,
01:55:00giving us a good idea
01:55:02of where the garlic bread
01:55:04will be found.
01:55:06Man, I love technology!
01:55:08And just like that,
01:55:10the moment has arrived.
01:55:12How's it taste?
01:55:14And can you eat it?
01:55:16Yes, you can.
01:55:18But the taste?
01:55:20Not that great, actually.
01:55:22And despite mentioning it earlier,
01:55:24I forgot to bring my microwave.
01:55:26The bread's been frozen
01:55:28from the frightening temperatures
01:55:30experienced on its journey.
01:55:32And I actually mean frozen.
01:55:34The bread itself has an icy middle.
01:55:36But before we can even discover this,
01:55:38we'll notice that when we go
01:55:40to rip a piece of the bread off,
01:55:42as if we've just broken
01:55:44a piece off a twig,
01:55:46we can even hear the clicking noise.
01:55:48My warm, soft bread
01:55:50is no more.
01:55:52You'd be better off
01:55:54keeping this for dessert
01:55:56in the event you run out
01:55:58of frozen ice cream.
01:56:00On second thought,
01:56:02let's just throw it in the trash.
01:56:04Nonetheless,
01:56:06it's pretty cool
01:56:08that we were able to send
01:56:10this garlic bread
01:56:12into space.
01:56:14Why don't you let us know
01:56:16in the comments
01:56:18if there's any food
01:56:20you'd like to send to space
01:56:22for seasoning before eating?
01:56:24Ah, the stage is set.
01:56:26You're in the spotlight,
01:56:28and everyone is looking at you.
01:56:30The piano's glossy texture
01:56:32shines brightly in the light.
01:56:34You lay your fingers
01:56:36on the keys and start playing.
01:56:38Since you have 20 fingers
01:56:40on each hand,
01:56:42you put 20 fingers on the piano.
01:56:44After you finish,
01:56:46everyone stands up
01:56:48and claps for you.
01:56:50The sound of clapping is so loud
01:56:52since the palms are huge
01:56:54to fit 20 fingers on each hand.
01:56:56Now you're in a boat
01:56:58in the middle of a lake
01:57:00ready to go for a swim.
01:57:02Your friend pushes you in
01:57:04and races you to the shore.
01:57:06Since you both have 20 fingers
01:57:08and toes on each limb,
01:57:10it's easy to swim and paddle.
01:57:12Paddling with your hands and feet.
01:57:14After swimming,
01:57:16you go for a hike
01:57:18and notice a nice wall to scale.
01:57:20You get your gear ready
01:57:22and place each large palm
01:57:24on a nice fitting rock.
01:57:26Your grip is tight
01:57:28and you hang on to many different rocks
01:57:30that aren't the typical size
01:57:32of a 10-fingered rock.
01:57:34You manage to climb to the top
01:57:36and see the breathtaking view
01:57:38of the countryside.
01:57:40An iron suit
01:57:42and wait for someone
01:57:44to escort you to the CEO's office.
01:57:46Everyone notices your confidence
01:57:48and smart look.
01:57:50You're called in for your interview.
01:57:52You unleash your disarming smile
01:57:54and pop your suit up.
01:57:56You enter the room
01:57:58and extend it for a sturdy handshake.
01:58:00With 20 fingers,
01:58:02you release a pressurized grip
01:58:04that leaves the CEO impressed
01:58:06and eager to know more about you.
01:58:08You leave the building gleaming
01:58:10with a winner's attitude
01:58:12and a smile on your face
01:58:14as the CEO greets you.
01:58:16Ok, you've got this!
01:58:1820 grocery bags in the trunk of your car
01:58:20and one trip.
01:58:22The road is long
01:58:24and has lots of curves and hills.
01:58:26You stretch your fingers
01:58:28and crack your knuckles.
01:58:30You plan out the weight distribution
01:58:32so you can have it evenly divided
01:58:34on each hand.
01:58:36With 20 fingers,
01:58:38you grip different bags
01:58:40and hold 10 on each hand.
01:58:42All the way to your house.
01:58:44Success!
01:58:46In one trip,
01:58:48you managed to get all the bags
01:58:50except one.
01:58:52Oh wait, never mind.
01:58:54You put the bag inside another bag
01:58:56before you left.
01:58:58But you do need to go back to your car
01:59:00and close the trunk.
01:59:02After a long day at work,
01:59:04you need to meet up with a friend
01:59:06you haven't seen in a long time
01:59:08and you've been working way too hard today.
01:59:10On the way,
01:59:12it's like doing a treatment for two people.
01:59:14Time is ticking
01:59:16and you only have one hand done.
01:59:18Your friend calls you
01:59:20and tells you that she's waiting for you
01:59:22at the coffee shop.
01:59:24On to your next hand.
01:59:26After a while,
01:59:28you finish and rush to meet your friend.
01:59:30You're late,
01:59:32but at least you look good.
01:59:34You're attending a new tech launch
01:59:36with dozens of people
01:59:38showcasing all the new products.
01:59:40Many of the phones are slightly larger
01:59:42and considered mini tablets.
01:59:44You pick up a sample phone
01:59:46and click away.
01:59:48Since you've got four thumbs,
01:59:50typing on the keyboard is smooth and easy.
01:59:52The screen is long enough
01:59:54to be supported by the rest of your fingers
01:59:56on each hand.
01:59:58You move over to the computers
02:00:00and see something interesting
02:00:02that catches your eye.
02:00:04A laptop with a wide keyboard
02:00:06for your fingers to type effortlessly.
02:00:08You open a file and type away.
02:00:10You're surprised at how easy it is
02:00:12and glad you have to wait
02:00:14until it's officially launched
02:00:16so that you can get your hands
02:00:18on one of these bad boys.
02:00:20You're at the gym warming up
02:00:22and getting ready for the next exercise.
02:00:24You enter a boxing ring
02:00:26and practice sparring with a boxing bag.
02:00:28Since you have 20 fingers on each hand,
02:00:30each fist you lay on it
02:00:32is stronger and louder
02:00:34than with a regular 10-finger fist.
02:00:36After each punch,
02:00:38you stretch your body
02:00:40and continue sparring.
02:00:42You're in the forest
02:00:44practicing your bow and arrow aim.
02:00:46You line up two cans side by side
02:00:48and another two cans side by side.
02:00:51You take your bow
02:00:53and extend it backwards
02:00:55with 10 fingers on each hand.
02:00:57You place two arrows neatly
02:00:59and let loose.
02:01:01You strike both cans with ease.
02:01:03Now let's up the ante
02:01:05by adding four cans next to each other.
02:01:07You turn your bow sideways
02:01:09and retract the arrows
02:01:10until there's enough pressure to release.
02:01:12You pull back
02:01:14and let the arrows fly off.
02:01:16Another success!
02:01:18You knock out four cans
02:01:20without breaking a sweat.
02:01:22If you have 20 fingers on each hand,
02:01:24then you'll need at least
02:01:267 or 8 bullseye targets
02:01:28next to each other.
02:01:30The bows will be long,
02:01:32but keeping a good aim won't be so easy.
02:01:34After much concentration,
02:01:36you release the arrows
02:01:38and hit all of them right in the middle.
02:01:40Then you look and walk.
02:01:42Your hands will be heavy,
02:01:44so you'll need a powerful set of arms
02:01:46to keep balance and support your fingers.
02:01:48Everything will be large,
02:01:50including your phone and laptop.
02:01:52A guitar will be designed
02:01:54to accommodate the number of fingers
02:01:56that can play around the fretboard.
02:01:58If a regular guitar has 6 strings on the neck,
02:02:00then these monster guitars
02:02:02can have an easy 30 to 40.
02:02:04The music won't be limited to human design
02:02:06and can achieve so much more.
02:02:08Every musical instrument
02:02:10will be designed to suit
02:02:12the current physical conditions,
02:02:14like having 50 fingers on each hand,
02:02:16like a trumpet, piano, harp, and saxophone.
02:02:18A three-piece band
02:02:20will sound like an orchestra,
02:02:22and an orchestra will sound like,
02:02:24well, 5 orchestras.
02:02:26You're chilling at home
02:02:28playing some video games with your friend.
02:02:30Each control is the size of a coffee table.
02:02:32A hand that can support 50 fingers on each hand
02:02:34is no joke,
02:02:36so a controller is supported
02:02:38by a little stand pinned to the ground.
02:02:40There are so many buttons and pad controls
02:02:42that it's easy to get lost
02:02:44just by looking at it.
02:02:46You're playing a game of soccer
02:02:48while controlling each player
02:02:50in the game individually.
02:02:52With such power to move
02:02:54and coordinate 100 fingers in total,
02:02:56your brain is larger than average,
02:02:58and your multitasking skills are on point.
02:03:00In the end, you beat him.
02:03:02And after a rematch,
02:03:04he beats you.
02:03:06In the third game,
02:03:08you both hit a stalemate.
02:03:10You both hit your palm with yours,
02:03:12producing sound waves
02:03:14that reach your neighbors across the street.
02:03:16A lot of fingers on each hand
02:03:18means that tangible
02:03:20and ergonomic things
02:03:22have to be a lot bigger than average.
02:03:24Going to a jewelry shop is a headache
02:03:26since you have to find the right ring
02:03:28that fits any of the 50 fingers on each hand.
02:03:30Producing any glove
02:03:32is a multibillion-dollar industry
02:03:34since each glove costs so much to make.
02:03:36Drawing is also a challenge
02:03:38since holding a regular-sized pen
02:03:40is easy to simply draw something.
02:03:42Each pen and stationery equipment
02:03:44are 10 times bigger
02:03:46than what we have today
02:03:48and also cost a lot more to make
02:03:50than regular-sized pens.
02:03:52Glasses of water are longer or fatter
02:03:54so that you can properly grip them.
02:03:56The hand is a lot bigger
02:03:58and the fingers go around the palm
02:04:00and resemble a sunflower.
02:04:02If you're hot,
02:04:04you can fan yourself with your hand
02:04:06instead of a regular fan.
02:04:08It'll be easier to scoop up some sand
02:04:10from a castle at the beach.
02:04:12With so much more space in your hand,
02:04:14you can make sand balls
02:04:16and create a mega-sized castle super fast.
02:04:18And if you're playing a game of snowballs,
02:04:21then get ready to have cannonballs
02:04:23instead of normal-sized snowballs.
02:04:25Oh, that gets smart!
02:04:27That's it for today!
02:04:29So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity,
02:04:31then give the video a like
02:04:33and share it with your friends.
02:04:35Or if you want more,
02:04:37just click on these videos