• 4 months ago
Imaginez vivre l'éruption du Mont Vésuve en 79 après JC qui a enseveli Pompéi sous les cendres – bien plus effrayant que n'importe quel film d'horreur ! Le Déluge des anciens mythes, comme l'Arche de Noé, aurait été un spectacle terrifiant avec de l'eau partout. L'effondrement de l'Âge du Bronze vers 1200 avant JC a vu des civilisations entières tomber en morceaux, provoquant chaos et peur. L'éruption volcanique à Santorin vers 1600 avant JC a dévasté la civilisation minoenne et a envoyé des ondes de choc dans la région. Et n'oublions pas le tsunami qui a frappé la civilisation minoenne à peu près au même moment, anéantissant des villes entières en un instant. Animation créée par Sympa.
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Category

😹
Fun
Transcript
00:00Have you seen a good horror movie recently?
00:03If you are a fan of this genre, you know how to appreciate a good plot.
00:08And if I told you that there is no better screenwriter than Mother Nature,
00:11the disasters of antiquity were far more frightening than any horror movie of today.
00:17Tsunamis with volcanic eruptions, you will be shocked by the magnitude of these events.
00:25The natural disaster that must absolutely be avoided is the tsunami.
00:30These gigantic walls of water crumble on the coasts and carry everything on their way.
00:35And they do not date from yesterday.
00:37Scientists were able to establish a chronology from some traces left by the largest tsunamis.
00:44In northern Chile, a large rock stands above the Pacific Ocean.
00:49Behind it, a desert with a loss of view.
00:52This 44-ton stone has nothing to do here.
00:55This is the result of a tsunami.
00:57Waves of the height of a six-story building carried rock blocks like pebbles.
01:04Researchers estimate that this phenomenon occurred in 1420.
01:11But how can they know?
01:13In the 15th century, there were no written documents in the region.
01:17But the detectives got to work.
01:19Archaeologists discovered that around the same time, a tsunami occurred in Japan.
01:25On the other side of the Pacific Ocean.
01:27The ground trembled off the Chilean coast.
01:30This is how the tsunami was created.
01:33The wave then traveled almost two-fifths of the circumference of the Earth.
01:37A really tireless tsunami.
01:39But it was not an isolated event.
01:41Indications suggest that a similar event occurred 3,800 years ago.
01:46At that time, the ancient peoples had decided to leave their coastal villages.
01:50They were moving inland.
01:52How did they know it was time to leave?
01:55There are traces of erosion caused by strong currents.
01:58Signs revealing an ancient tsunami.
02:02As you learned in your textbooks,
02:04oxygen represents 21% of the air we breathe.
02:08But it was not always part of the Earth's atmosphere.
02:11There was no oxygen for the entire first half of our planet's life.
02:15At the time, carbon dioxide and methane were the main components of the atmosphere.
02:20Yes, the same CO2 that makes our drinks boil.
02:23But isn't the other gas dangerous?
02:25Yes, it is.
02:26And methane is odorless.
02:28That's why there was no life on Earth billions of years ago.
02:32How did we go from methane to oxygen?
02:36Cyanobacteria made their appearance.
02:39This group of microbes began to evolve about 2.7 billion years ago.
02:44These microorganisms know photosynthesis.
02:47That is, the transformation of sunlight into energy.
02:50They convert sunlight into energy.
02:53And what is the sub-product of this process?
02:56You guessed it, oxygen.
02:58Quickly, it began to spread from water to the atmosphere.
03:02There, it mingled with methane.
03:04And over time, it completely replaced it.
03:06Scientists have called this process the Great Oxidation.
03:10But how can this be wrong?
03:12After all, it is thanks to this that we are alive.
03:15All this oxygen has poisoned the anaerobic organisms.
03:19And no, these are not forms of life drying their aerobic and pilate courses.
03:24This term simply means that these microorganisms do not need oxygen to develop.
03:30Too much oxygen, and it's guaranteed death.
03:32And that's exactly what happened.
03:34Scientists have described a phenomenon of oxygen saturation
03:38that has changed the Earth's atmosphere forever.
03:41The disappearance of most anaerobic organisms is one of the first cases of extinction.
03:46They do not emanate the atmosphere of the time and have decided to withdraw.
03:50But see the good side of things.
03:52They have made room for humans who, themselves, love oxygen.
03:58Direction Turkey.
04:00No, not the Balnean stations that tourists visit in summer,
04:03but the region of Anatolia, in the southeast of the country.
04:06In Göbekli Tepe, the oldest temples in the world are found.
04:10They date back to the Neolithic period.
04:12Scientists have found a stone pillar there that tells the story of an ancient catastrophe.
04:17They suppose that this pillar is commemorative.
04:21Even today, man builds similar structures to mark an important event.
04:28The Washington Memorial is an example of this.
04:31It was built in honor of the first American president.
04:38But this pillar in Turkey does not commemorate a happy event.
04:41Scientists think that it is a sign of a devastating event, a comet that crashed on Earth.
04:47The event must have been terrible.
04:49The monument also has other signs.
04:52These symbols correspond to the configuration of the stars of the night sky of the year 1950 BC.
04:59This date amazed researchers,
05:01because they corresponded to their previous research on a sample of ice carrot in Greenland.
05:07They discovered that a fragment of a comet had hit our planet around the same time.
05:12The archaeological site was perhaps an old observatory.
05:19And those who worked there witnessed a cataclysmic event.
05:23The impact must have been so powerful that it changed the axis of rotation of the Earth.
05:28This is the imaginary pole that crosses our planet from top to bottom.
05:33This ancient comet must have been very powerful to unbalance the entire Earth.
05:40Have you heard of the city of Tal el-Hammam in the Jordan Valley?
05:45The reason why you are probably answering by the negative is that this city no longer exists today.
05:51It completely disappeared around the year 1650 BC.
05:55It was one of the three main cities in this part of the Middle East.
05:59Together, these three cities had a population superior to that of Palm Springs today.
06:04At the time, Tal el-Hammam was a metropolis.
06:07It even had skyscrapers.
06:09Five-story buildings built of raw bricks.
06:13But archaeologists have discovered strange marks on these bricks.
06:17The bricks had melted due to high temperatures.
06:20On fire.
06:21A catastrophe had caused a major fire.
06:26Archaeological discoveries have allowed us to know the cause of these damages.
06:31A stone from space.
06:33But then, where is the crater?
06:36This comet or this asteroid has never reached the ground.
06:39It disintegrated before, because it was moving at a very high speed.
06:43These events are called aerial explosions.
06:46The largest observed meteor explosion occurred in Tunguska in northern Asia in 1908.
06:54Scientists estimate that the Tal el-Hammam explosion occurred 4 km above the city.
07:01This event released a lot of energy.
07:04The air temperature quickly reached 2000 ° C.
07:08It's hot enough for the tissue and wood to ignite in an instant.
07:12The raw earth and metal bricks begin to melt when exposed to the same heat.
07:17This is what would explain the clues discovered by scientists.
07:21But there was another discovery.
07:23Salt.
07:24The event was so powerful that it spread salt all over the Dead Sea region.
07:29Any farmer will tell you that a salty soil does not do well with crops.
07:34People started to leave the area.
07:36They could no longer cultivate anything.
07:41Imagine an island of white villages surrounded by a blue sapphire sea.
07:46Such a place exists in reality.
07:48This is the island of Santorin.
07:50But this place actually hides a history of destruction.
07:55The island is of volcanic origin.
07:57It is a violent eruption that created it about 3000 years ago.
08:02Today there are two islands.
08:04The largest has the shape of an iron horse.
08:07When you look at them from above, the two islands seem to form a circle.
08:11When you look at them from above, the two islands seem to form a circle.
08:15This is because they used to form one and the same land.
08:21It had a large mountain and was round in shape.
08:24But everything changed almost overnight.
08:27One of the largest volcanic eruptions in the history of humanity tore down Santorin.
08:31The earth trembled, tsunamis formed and ashes clouds invaded the sky.
08:37A frightening image.
08:39People felt the eruption hundreds of kilometers away.
08:42Once the eruption was over, the sea water was engulfed in the caldeira of the old volcano.
08:47This is why the water of the lagoon has such a beautiful color.
08:53If scientists know so much about the past of Santorin, it is thanks to an improbable assistant.
08:58A tree. The Genevrier to be exact.
09:02Its aromatic wood is used for many things.
09:05Furniture for the manufacture of pencils.
09:07On the Greek island, these cerns revealed the history of the old eruption.
09:12When a tree grows, it does not just climb.
09:15It also widens.
09:17Each new layer of bark adds a ring to the trunk.
09:21It takes a year for a ring to form.
09:23And one of the rings of this tree was abnormally pale.
09:27Scientists did the math.
09:29And they got the date of the eruption.
09:321560 BC

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