Rise of The Ottoman Empire
Transcript
00:00The Ottoman Empire, under the leadership of Sultan Murad, had become the undisputed prime minister of Anatolia.
00:09However, before Murad could achieve his great victory in the region, the Sultan of the Ottomans had to face increasing tensions between his Serbian watchers.
00:21The Serbian soldiers had started looting the city's property.
00:26Without the permission of the Ottomans, on his return to Adarna, Murad hanged the Serbian criminals responsible for the looting.
00:36His brothers were upset that their non-national ruler and a large number of resources were being hanged.
00:43He went to Prince Lazar of Serbia, who had refused to pay his annual expenses to Adarna until 1387.
00:54He had begun to form a large alliance.
00:57Less power against Murad was in favor of the Prince of Serbia.
01:02That year, he defeated the Ottoman army of 20,000 during the Battle of Fesrakund and destroyed it.
01:10In this way, the Ottomans had gained even more support for the alliance in the Plone region.
01:17One of the princes of the Balkans openly opposed him.
01:20During this time, his most trustworthy Grand Vizier died.
01:24This year, Murad once again turned his eyes towards the West.
01:28In the last months of 1387, he entered Europe.
01:32The Ottoman Sultan first appointed Ali Pasha, the son of the former Grand Vizier,
01:38who had been prepared to fight against Prince Lazar in his father's previous office before making military plans.
01:46Until 1388, the Prince of Serbia signed a peace treaty with the King of Hungary.
01:52In this way, the Prince of Hungary secured his northern part and began to strengthen his army with Serbia.
02:00In addition to the neighboring empire of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the empire of Albania also joined.
02:06Seeing this, a powerful alliance is being formed against him in the spring of 1388.
02:12Bulgarian prince Shishman, who is said to be in the stages of joining the alliance of Lazar,
02:19led the attack before Murad's Grand Vizier Ali Pasha.
02:23His 30,000-strong army passed over the mountains of the Balkans and descended to the north.
02:29The battlefield of Bulgaria turned into a sharp, shocking attack.
02:34The Ottomans fled from the government, where they planned to strengthen their national defense.
02:41However, the severe and sharp Ottoman attack surprised many Bulgarian soldiers.
02:46Ali Pasha's troops advanced.
02:49Their path to the Danube and the Black Sea will encircle the towns of Varna and Tutkran.
02:56However, the Ottoman Grand Vizier could not capture any city.
03:00Ali Pasha marched towards the fort Nikopolis, which was led by Ivan Shishman of the Bulgarian army.
03:16However, after some time of siege of the town, it became clear to Ali Pasha that he could not do this.
03:23And he sent letters for the defense of Bulgaria.
03:26Seeing that there will be a large number of people from Edirne,
03:31Ivan Shishman tried to negotiate with the Ottoman Sultan to avoid losing all his territories.
03:38These negotiations were successful for the Muslim attackers.
03:41And Zaar left the Danube.
03:44The fort of Selester was meant to be in exchange for the extermination of all enemies.
03:48It was promised that Edirne would not be included in the army of Lazar.
03:55After this, what was left of Bulgaria was a small piece of land.
04:00After becoming a threat in the northern part of Bulgaria, Murad will now turn his direction.
04:06In the year of making Bosnia the capital, he paid attention to his second planned attack.
04:13During the summer of 1388, when Ali Pasha was starting his attack on Bulgaria,
04:19an Ottoman army of 18,000 advanced in the leadership of Rumelia, Balerbi and Lala Shahin Pasha.
04:26However, this time the Christian guards were well prepared against their Muslim attackers along with the Bosnian Grand Duke.
04:35Baleka attacked Shahin Pasha's army close to the town.
04:40As a result, the Ottomans were completely destroyed and were close to the death of Shahin Pasha.
04:47Despite the expensive defeats, Murad I did not give up his imperialism and planned a glorious military campaign.
04:57Prince Lazar, in 1389, for the next season of the election campaign, which he himself was leading,
05:04gathered his local armies and sent a letter to Murad and his two sons.
05:09Prince Bayazid and Yaqub Anatolia came to collect their taxes and meet their father in Balkan.
05:15During the spring of 1389, an Ottoman host, consisting of about 40,000 people, was formed in Palladio.
05:22During this time, Lazar was not useless and started preparing for a final Ottoman attack.
05:27With all this, the preparations for the campaign were complete. Murad's great armies were also ready.
05:33He marched towards Serbia and gathered the rest of the Christians.
05:36An important confluence city is located in the heart of the central Balkan island of Nuba.
05:41In the context of the Ottoman attack, Prince Lazar ordered to strengthen his empire.
05:46In the Serbian capital, the Allied forces were the majority of the princes of Serbia.
05:51The army and its holding and its son-in-law's circle consisted of military forces.
05:56In addition to its basic host, Lazar's small army was also included.
06:01From Bosnia, Hungary and Albania, in the first weeks of June, an allied army was formed under Lazar.
06:08In order to meet Murad, a march was launched towards the south.
06:11Ottoman attacks and perhaps the process of expelling the Ottomans from Europe had begun.
06:16On June 15, 1389, in the northwest of Pristina, in a battlefield,
06:21Lazar's army and Murad's army would face one of the most important battles in European history.
06:27And it started.
06:29Their enemy unexpectedly challenged Murad in the battlefield.
06:34There were about 1,000 archers on the Ottoman front.
06:38There were camps in the defensive positions between the two armies.
06:41The majority of them were stationed behind them.
06:44They were basically deported from Anatolia.
06:47And they were laced with bows and arrows.
06:50More Ottoman horsemen were stationed behind them.
06:53Most of them were horsemen and Timurid soldiers.
06:58In the end, Murad's personal guard,
07:01Shahzada Yaqub and Bayazid, made up of 2,000 Ashrafi Janissaries and 500 soldier horsemen,
07:07were left and right-handed.
07:10While Murad and his great minister, Ali Pasha, were in command of the Ottoman center.
07:14Although Murad's army had increased to 40,000 from Lazar's army,
07:19but the majority of the guards were better laced and better equipped than their Ottoman allies.
07:25After the Ottoman attack, Lazar ordered his whole army to attack.
07:31With his highly-ranked horsemen,
07:34Lion Prince Lazar hoped to defeat his enemy.
07:39He and his commanders were with him on a large scale.
07:44The Serbian line was attacked by Murad's army.
07:48As a result, the Ottomans lost their lives.
07:51Although Shahzada and Lazar advanced the land through the imperial lines,
07:56they retreated to the right side of Serbia and made the most important advance.
08:00The Ottoman forces returned to their battle camp.
08:04On this delicate peak, it seemed that under the leadership of Shahzada Yaqub,
08:08the Ottoman left army was completely at the brink of destruction.
08:12This gave the Serbian alliance a chance to join the entire army of the Ottoman Empire.
08:18In the events of the Battle of Kosovo,
08:21the Serbian knights managed to break the Ottoman left arm before reaching Murad's camp.
08:27Murad's personal guards hacked the Ottoman Sultan to kill him.
08:33Ottoman sources in Dariyasna agree that the Sultan died,
08:38but it is definitively stated that according to them, Murad died after the battle.
08:44When the Sultan was examining the dead in the battlefield,
08:48a knight ran towards the Ottoman ruler and attacked him.
08:53Serbian sources also say that after the battle of Murad,
08:57the result was the same, the Sultan of the Ottomans died in the field of Kosovo.
09:02Lazar's army broke into the Ottoman army.
09:06In this way, the Ottoman front line had to retreat.
09:09At some point, as the beginning of the Serbian charge lost speed
09:12and thousands of men from both sides were at each other's throats,
09:16the waves of the battle were suddenly changing towards the Ottomans.
09:20In order to save the rest of the troops under his command,
09:23Lazar and the organized revolutionary commander Shahid Serbian
09:27wanted to keep his army safe to fight the Ottomans.
09:32Sultan Murad I was responsible for successful victories on a large scale in the Ottoman Empire.
09:37In the history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century,
09:41Edward Gobin spoke painfully about Murad's 27-year reign.
09:46Ottomans gathered a new era,
09:49and turned it into a state.
09:52But it was Murad who established the Sultanate.
09:55The battle of Kosovo was the bloodiest war ever,
09:59which the Ottoman Empire fought after its war.
10:02Although the Ottomans had cleared the majority of Serbia.
10:07During the battle, according to Ottoman sources,
10:10a wounded Murad asked his son Bayezid to hurry up
10:14to confirm the succession of the Ottoman throne.
10:18In front of the Prime Minister and others,
10:20the Ottoman king and politician, lying on his bed,
10:23declared Bayezid Sultan before his death.
10:27After Murad's death, there was a possibility of a civil war.
10:30The young son of the former Sultan, Yaqub,
10:32was still unaware of his father's death or his elder brother's death.
10:37Since he came, he had been following the army of Serbia.
10:41The king, who had experience of the Ottoman civil war,
10:44decided in the battle of 1373
10:46to end all the threats that violated the claim of Bayezid.
10:51Prince Yaqub was called to the tent of Bayezid,
10:54and one of them strangled the prince and killed him.
10:58In this way, the Ottoman practice of fraternal killing was continued.
11:02The era of Bayezid I will begin with the dissolution of the Ottoman army.
11:06The new sultan of the Ottomans will first visit Dar-ul-Hakumat, Adarne.
11:12Before going to Bursa to bury his late father and brother,
11:16the Ottoman throne was secured.
11:18In the battle of Kosovo, while living in Europe,
11:21the Islamic armies repelled the Ottoman attack
11:24and Sultan Murad I died.
11:27In many other Dar-ul-Hakumats, the celebration of Murad's death was also held.
11:31Under the young prince, the state of Serbia was surrounded by enemies from all sides.
11:36And the prince of Bosnia now tried to reach his alliance with Serbia as much as possible.
11:42After the Ottoman disintegration, Kosovo began planning to seize the lands of Serbia.
11:49In addition to presenting the youngest daughter of former Serbia, Adarne,
11:53to the Sultan of Kosovo,
11:55Prince Shahzadi and Oliveira were sent to the harem of Bayezid to marry the Ottoman Sultan.
12:01In the summer of 1390, local Ottoman troops were sent to attack Hungary.
12:07All the border fortresses that had fallen in Hungary last year were reclaimed.
12:18The Battle of Kosovo is an essential part of the story of the rise of Kosovo.
12:22And with the acceptance of the strongest Ottoman state of the Ottoman Empire,
12:28it was now capable of spreading its dominions in all local areas and independently.