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00:00A.Dawood's Academy Islamabad
00:16Liberalism
00:19Introduction
00:20Liberalism is a political ideology that focuses on individual rights, freedom and equality.
00:30It suggests that warmen should protect that rights and promote the well-being of all citizens.
00:39Derivation of Liberalism
00:42The term liberalism comes from the Latin word liber which means free.
00:54Definition by a famous political scientist
00:58John Locke, a key figure in the development of liberalism, defined it as the belief in life, liberty and property as fundamental rights that should be protected by warmen.
01:11Meaning of Liberalism
01:14Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and equality under the law.
01:20It seeks to limit the power of warmen and promote the well-being of all citizens.
01:28Origin of Liberalism
01:31Liberalism emerged in the 17th and 18th century in response to authoritarian rule and the belief in the rights of individuals over the power of the state.
01:45Liberalism and Government
01:49Liberalism advocates for limited government meaning that governments should have restrictions on their power and should primarily focus on promoting individual rights.
02:02Liberalism and Natural Rights
02:04Liberalism believes in natural rights which are rights that every person is born with and that cannot be taken away by government.
02:13These rights include life, liberty and property.
02:19Characteristics of Liberalism
02:261. Individual Rights
02:29Liberals believe in the protection of individual rights.
02:372. Freedom
02:40Liberals value freedom of speech, religion and assembly.
02:463. Equality
02:48Liberalism advocates for equal rights and opportunities for all individuals.
02:554. Limited Government
02:57Liberals believe that governments should have limited powers.
03:035. Rule of Law
03:05Liberals support the idea that everyone including the government officials should follow the law.
03:12Types of Liberalism
03:191. Classical Liberalism
03:22This form of liberalism emphasizes limited government, free markets and individual freedom.
03:28It emerged in the 19th century and influenced many political movements including the rise of capitalism.
03:352. Modern Liberalism
03:37Also known as Social Liberalism
03:39This form of liberalism emerged in the 20th century and emphasizes a large role for government in addressing social and economic inequalities.
03:48Modern liberalism supports politics such as social welfare programs and health care reforms.
03:58Core Principles
03:591. Individual Rights
04:02Liberals believe that every person has certain inherent rights that should not be violated such as the right to life, liberty and property.
04:122. Freedom
04:14Liberals value freedom including freedom of speech, religion and assembly.
04:20They believe that individuals should be free to pursue their own goals and interests.
04:273. Equality
04:30Liberals advocate for equality under the law and equal opportunity for all individuals regardless of their background or circumstances.
04:404. Limited Government
04:43Liberals believe that governments should be limited in their powers and that their primary role should be to protect individuals' rights.
04:53Historical Development Origin
04:55Liberalism emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly in Europe, as a response to the absolute monarchies and authoritarians' role of the time.
05:08Enlightenment Influence
05:10Liberalism was heavily influenced by the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, science and individualism.
05:19Key Thinkers
05:20Important liberal thinkers include John Locke, who argued for natural rights, and John Staudtmill, who advocated for individual freedom and the protection of minorities.
05:33Criticism of Liberalism
05:351. Critique of Individualism
05:38Some critics argued that liberalism focused on individual rights and freedom can lead to a lack of concern for the common goal and community.
05:472. Inequality
05:49Critics also point out that liberalism, despite its emphasis on equality, has often failed to address deep-rooted inequalities in society, particularly in terms of wealth and power.
06:003. Environmental Concerns
06:03Critics argued that liberalism, focused on economic growth and individual freedom, has contributed to environmental degradations and climate changes.
06:16Conclusion
06:18In conclusion, liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedom and equality.
06:25It has played a significant role in shaping modern democratic societies and continues to be a key influence in political thoughts.