Les dents d'écureuil sont orange et + de 100 faits fascinants sur les animaux à chercher sur Google

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Transcript

00:00:00The teeth of the squirrels never stop growing, but the animals use them by eating nuts and other hard foods.

00:00:06The front of the teeth of the rodents is actually orange.

00:00:09It's because they are covered with a special and resistant mesh.

00:00:12I bet you're glad you don't have to deal with that.

00:00:15Some species of birds are not afraid of biting strong peppers.

00:00:19It's because they can't feel the spiciness.

00:00:22Peppers burn your mouth because they contain a special chemical product, capsaicin.

00:00:27But birds don't have the necessary taste buds to feel the effects.

00:00:31The horn of the rhinoceros is made of hair, or at least the same protein as the one that makes up your hair and nails.

00:00:38This protein is called keratin.

00:00:41Such a horn is quite unique, since other animals have horns with a bone center.

00:00:46The woodpecker can peck wood 20 times per second.

00:00:49This rate is almost too high for the human eye to notice it.

00:00:53How much wood would a woodpecker peck if a woodpecker could peck wood?

00:00:57The number of woodpeckers often reaches a total of 8,000 to 12,000 per day.

00:01:02The starfish has eyes, one at the end of each of its arms.

00:01:06Its eyes are groups of light-sensitive cells.

00:01:10Frogs don't need to drink water.

00:01:12It's their skin that allows them to hydrate by absorbing water, while providing them with the oxygen they need to breathe.

00:01:19This could save time.

00:01:21Most caterpillars have about 4,000 muscles in their body, and nearly 250 of them are in the head alone.

00:01:29Christmas tree branches are much more beautiful than you can imagine.

00:01:33But even if these little trees look great,

00:01:36two-thirds of the body of the worm is hidden in a tube of calcium carbonate.

00:01:41And what's the point? Well, to be honest, I don't know.

00:01:44The famous rhinoceros' fangs are actually their teeth that are, in a way, twisted.

00:01:49These sea unicorns only have two teeth.

00:01:51In males, one of them goes through the upper lip.

00:01:54Unlike your teeth, this one is hard on the inside, and sensitive and tender on the outside.

00:02:00Ants don't have teeth, but that's not a problem.

00:02:04This creature has a super long tongue.

00:02:07This tongue allows the animal to lick more than 35,000 termites and ants a day.

00:02:12It's one way or another to appease hunger.

00:02:15The flea can jump more than 200 times the length of its body.

00:02:19If humans had this ability, they would jump as high as the Empire State Building.

00:02:25The eggs of the reindeer with red eyes can hatch earlier if they feel that their environment is not safe.

00:02:31Small animals with rapid metabolism see in slow motion.

00:02:35This helps them escape larger creatures.

00:02:38Koalas' fingerprints are very, very similar to that of humans.

00:02:43Sometimes the fingerprints of these animals are even confused with ours on crime scenes.

00:02:48Probably just in Australia.

00:02:50The sweat of the hippopotamus is pink, and it's not really sweat.

00:02:54It's an oily, reddish liquid.

00:02:56Its function is not to cool the body, but to moisturize the skin and protect it.

00:03:00This fluid also works as an antibiotic.

00:03:03So if you have a sunburn or a cut, you can get hippopotamus ointment.

00:03:08The skin of polar bears is black, and the fur of their fur is hollow and almost transparent.

00:03:14These animals have fur that grows even on the lower part of their legs.

00:03:18This gives them a better grip on the ice and protects them from the cold.

00:03:22Some species of tarantula, among the largest spiders in the world, can live without food for more than two years.

00:03:29I always find them scary.

00:03:32Ornithorhynchus close their eyes when they kiss.

00:03:35I mean, when they swim.

00:03:37They have special skin folds that cover their ears and eyes.

00:03:40They prevent water from entering inside.

00:03:43The nostrils of these animals are also waterproof.

00:03:46Mammals can't walk backwards.

00:03:48But scientists don't know why.

00:03:50These birds that don't fly are the only ones with calf muscles.

00:03:53Mammals can sprint very quickly.

00:03:56They can also walk long distances.

00:03:58But they can't walk backwards.

00:04:01Crocodiles can't move their tongue because it's attached to the palate of their mouth.

00:04:06It keeps the throat closed and protects the animal's respiratory tract.

00:04:10Water snakes, dolphins, whales, alligators, crocodiles and turtles can drown.

00:04:17This happens if they stay submerged for too long.

00:04:20These animals can't breathe in the water.

00:04:22They can only hold their breath for a very long time.

00:04:25Only one species of bird can fly backwards.

00:04:27These are hummingbirds.

00:04:29So let's talk about moths.

00:04:31These little birds can also flap their wings up to 80 times per second.

00:04:35Despite the appearance of hummingbirds,

00:04:37these little animals are more closely related to elephants than to moths.

00:04:41Maybe that's why they have such a nasal appendix.

00:04:45Hummingbirds and elephants use it to nibble on insects.

00:04:49Cats and other felines can't taste sweet foods.

00:04:53They don't have the necessary taste buds for that.

00:04:56Too bad, it does more for me.

00:04:58Pink flames can only eat with their head down.

00:05:02That's why the lower part of their beak is massive,

00:05:05while the upper part is mobile.

00:05:07Such a disposition is perfect to feed the head down.

00:05:11But it's the opposite of what other birds have.

00:05:14It's not easy to be pink.

00:05:16The tiger's skin is as striped as their fur.

00:05:19That's all I have to say about that.

00:05:21When the toucans sleep, they curl up into pretty tight balls.

00:05:26These birds turn their heads so that their tails cover their heads

00:05:29and the beak rests on the back.

00:05:31So yes, they curl up into balls.

00:05:33The ostrich has the largest eyes in the animal kingdom.

00:05:36They are more massive than the bird's brain.

00:05:39Each eye is as big as a billiard ball.

00:05:42That's why clown fish are born sick.

00:05:44But in some circumstances, they can turn into females.

00:05:48This change is irreversible.

00:05:50Unlike most fish,

00:05:52when hippos mate, they do it for life.

00:05:55Even cuter, when partners travel,

00:05:58they move side by side and often hang on to each other's tails.

00:06:02The male usually ends up carrying the luggage.

00:06:05Termites never sleep.

00:06:07They don't need to recharge their batteries.

00:06:09But they can eat 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

00:06:12And they eat at home.

00:06:14The lazy one needs up to two weeks to digest his food.

00:06:18Hey, take your time. No rush.

00:06:21There's nothing on the schedule.

00:06:23Dog's nasal prints can be used for identification.

00:06:27They are similar to human fingerprints

00:06:29and unique for each animal.

00:06:31Hippos don't have eyeballs.

00:06:33Instead, they have eye tubes that don't move in their orbits.

00:06:37Penguins don't have external ears.

00:06:40But their ears are exceptionally thin,

00:06:42especially when they are in the presence of polar bears.

00:06:45Jellyfish are 98% water-based.

00:06:48That's why when they are thrown on the shore,

00:06:51their body can evaporate in the air after just a few hours.

00:06:55And if a bottleneck occurs under water,

00:06:57an alligator will always find a place for a sloth.

00:07:00There you go.

00:07:02Grizzlies have such a powerful bite

00:07:05that they can crush a bowling ball.

00:07:08So it's better to let them win.

00:07:10Giant pandas are not complicated when it comes to where they sleep.

00:07:14They usually sleep where they are.

00:07:17In most cases, on the ground of the forest.

00:07:20The giant panda's newborns are tiny.

00:07:23They weigh as much as a small cup of coffee

00:07:25and are smaller than a mouse.

00:07:27The red-handed fish can walk on the bottom of the ocean

00:07:30using its sticks.

00:07:32But of course, they are not really hands,

00:07:34but evolved fins.

00:07:36Really.

00:07:37Cats are not used to meowing among themselves.

00:07:39A study has shown that felines use this mode of communication

00:07:43especially to attract our attention, us humans.

00:07:46And it works.

00:07:48Lazy people can't whine.

00:07:50It's not because they are too busy digesting their two-week-old meal.

00:07:54Their fur is sometimes covered with algae.

00:07:57And when they are too hot or too cold,

00:07:59their metabolism stops.

00:08:01During difficult periods,

00:08:03the immortal jellyfish transform

00:08:05to regain the state of their early youth.

00:08:07Once they have reached the stage

00:08:09where they are just a pile of soft tissue,

00:08:11a bit like me,

00:08:13these creatures begin to grow.

00:08:15And this process can apparently be repeated over and over again.

00:08:18The T-Rex's closest relatives

00:08:20are chickens and ostriches.

00:08:22Don't turn around!

00:08:24The mureen has another series of jaws

00:08:26that can come out of its throat.

00:08:28First, the main jaws close

00:08:30around an unlucky marine creature.

00:08:32Then, the additional jaw

00:08:34grabs the future meal of the eel

00:08:36with its teeth pointing backwards

00:08:38and sharp as razors.

00:08:40And after that, the captured animal

00:08:42is brought back to the mureen's throat.

00:08:44I just lost my appetite.

00:08:46Some species of snails

00:08:48have a hairy shell.

00:08:50Thanks to these hairs,

00:08:52snails can better adhere to wet surfaces.

00:08:54When the jellyfish hunt,

00:08:56they often gather in groups

00:08:58and apply a net-to-bubble tactic

00:09:00to catch their food.

00:09:02The bubbles do not let the fish strips escape.

00:09:04Snow leopards

00:09:06cannot roar like other large felines.

00:09:08This is due to their less developed vocal cords.

00:09:10But these animals

00:09:12can howl, grunt, whistle

00:09:14and even purr.

00:09:16In order not to move away from their group

00:09:18during nap time,

00:09:20sea otters hold each other by the hand.

00:09:22They can also get tangled

00:09:24in giant algae in the same bud.

00:09:26Lions are often called

00:09:28the kings of the savannah.

00:09:30And I thought it was the king of the jungle.

00:09:32And yet, up to 90% of the troop's hunting

00:09:34is carried out by females.

00:09:36Eels are in charge of protecting

00:09:38the territory and the troop members.

00:09:40And they make a delicious potato salad

00:09:42known as

00:09:44Hakuna Matata.

00:09:46Cats are famous

00:09:48for their amazing ability

00:09:50to move their ears.

00:09:52All this because kittens have 32 muscles

00:09:54in each external ear.

00:09:56Some species of sharks can shine in the dark.

00:09:58Unfortunately, only other sharks

00:10:00can see this greenish glow.

00:10:02You have up to 8,000 taste buds.

00:10:04But your dog only has a little over 1,500.

00:10:06The blue jay can imitate

00:10:08other birds.

00:10:10The blue jay

00:10:12uses it to make other birds

00:10:14flee from its territory.

00:10:16Slow lorries are incredibly cute

00:10:18and just as perfidious.

00:10:20They are the only venomous primates known.

00:10:22They have a gland located in the hollow of their arms.

00:10:24They secrete toxins that can have

00:10:26very unpleasant consequences in humans.

00:10:28The bubal has an amazing

00:10:30escape tactic.

00:10:32To escape other animals,

00:10:34they move in a zigzag.

00:10:36Big dolphins have names for their congeners.

00:10:38And Bob, and Charlie,

00:10:40and Dolly!

00:10:42Hi guys, and thanks for the fish!

00:10:44Giraffes have a long black tongue.

00:10:46Scientists suppose

00:10:48that this color could protect

00:10:50the tongue from sunburns.

00:10:52Well, that's all I have for today.

00:10:54See you soon!

00:10:56Some hawaiian caterpillars

00:10:58have developed a terrifying

00:11:00eating habit.

00:11:02Scorpion caterpillars,

00:11:04which are geometry-based larvae,

00:11:06go against all norms

00:11:08and totally ignore

00:11:10what it is to eat leaves.

00:11:12Instead, they spend their time

00:11:14on leaves and stems,

00:11:16waiting for insects to pass

00:11:18to catch them quickly

00:11:20with their legs full of hair.

00:11:22Scientists have discovered

00:11:24a bunch of these little insect hunters

00:11:26in the hawaiian forests

00:11:28and raised them in laboratories.

00:11:30It turns out that they belong

00:11:32to a group of caterpillars

00:11:34full of flowers and leaves.

00:11:36But in Hawaii,

00:11:38half a dozen of these 16 species

00:11:40have decided to become carnivores

00:11:42by opting for an insect-based diet.

00:11:44Maybe all the protein-rich

00:11:46flower pollen

00:11:48they were eating

00:11:50helped them to reveal

00:11:52the predator sleeping in them.

00:11:54Thanks to the absence of predators

00:11:56from the continent,

00:11:58these caterpillars were able

00:12:00to thrive in the island's ecosystem

00:12:02and cause problems

00:12:04to the local flora and fauna.

00:12:06These carnivorous caterpillars

00:12:08have evolved to occupy

00:12:10the ecological niche

00:12:12usually filled by other insects,

00:12:14such as mantises in other regions.

00:12:16They are known for their lightning attacks

00:12:18and only need about

00:12:20a tenth of a second

00:12:22to strike and devour their living prey.

00:12:24Let's hope they don't get bigger

00:12:26or more hungry.

00:12:28The snakes in Sonnet

00:12:30use their emblematic horns

00:12:32to warn predators, such as coyotes,

00:12:34to stay away or to risk bite.

00:12:36This sonnet

00:12:38evolved from a simple shake

00:12:40of the tail, which acted

00:12:42as an aposematic signal.

00:12:44Rather than using their sonnets

00:12:46to attract partners,

00:12:48this sound warns of the danger

00:12:50posed by the venomous snake's claws.

00:12:52Well, it's nice to warn.

00:12:54This sound comes from

00:12:56hollow segments of dead skin

00:12:58at the end of the reptile's tail.

00:13:02Recent research has shown

00:13:04that the snakes in Sonnet

00:13:06adjusted the speed of the click

00:13:08according to the proximity of a predator,

00:13:10thus creating an ingenious auditory illusion

00:13:12to dissuade potential threats.

00:13:14This use of sound

00:13:16helps crotales to defend themselves

00:13:18despite their own inability

00:13:20to hear this sound.

00:13:22Shells.

00:13:24Saint-Jacques have a distinctive appearance

00:13:26similar to horror movies

00:13:28with tentacles and eyes

00:13:30inside the mouth,

00:13:32which does not prevent them from being delicious.

00:13:34Scientists have discovered

00:13:36that these eyes, which look like beys,

00:13:38could be compared to high-tech telescopes.

00:13:40They are like carved mirrors,

00:13:42able to create complex images

00:13:44similar to those obtained

00:13:46by our modern observatories.

00:13:48Interestingly, Saint-Jacques shells

00:13:50do not have brains, but their eyes

00:13:52are able to form blurry images.

00:13:54Saint-Jacques has a unique eye structure

00:13:56similar to that of insects.

00:13:58This could explain

00:14:00why Saint-Jacques shells

00:14:02are among the few beys

00:14:04capable of swimming.

00:14:06The many eyes of a Saint-Jacques shell

00:14:08can help it create a three-dimensional image

00:14:10of its environment.

00:14:12Some of these eyes

00:14:14have a better vision than others.

00:14:16These unique eyes could potentially

00:14:18influence the design of future telescopes

00:14:20and inspire the creation

00:14:22of large-scale compact imaging devices.

00:14:24So, the next time you enjoy

00:14:26a dish of Saint-Jacques shells,

00:14:28remember that these creatures

00:14:30have up to 200 small telescopes

00:14:32watching you eat.

00:14:36What are the hollow bones of birds used for?

00:14:38Birds have unique adaptations

00:14:40of their skeletons,

00:14:42crucial for being able to fly,

00:14:44and one of them is these hollow bones.

00:14:46Also known as pneumatic bones,

00:14:48they contain air spaces

00:14:50that help absorb oxygen

00:14:52during flight.

00:14:54These air pockets are connected

00:14:56to hollow areas inside the bird's bones

00:14:58and allow these lungs

00:15:00to expand throughout

00:15:02its skeletal structure.

00:15:04This complex system helps

00:15:06volatiles absorb oxygen

00:15:08when they breathe,

00:15:10thus increasing oxygen levels

00:15:12in their blood and providing them

00:15:14the energy needed for flight.

00:15:16Contrary to popular belief,

00:15:18hollow bones do not necessarily

00:15:20make the bird lighter.

00:15:22Studies show that bird bones

00:15:24are actually heavier

00:15:26than those of similar-sized animals.

00:15:28In fact, the skeleton of a 50-gram bird

00:15:30is denser and heavier

00:15:32than that of a mouse of the same weight.

00:15:34This increased density

00:15:36results in thinner,

00:15:38more rigid, more robust

00:15:40and less likely to break.

00:15:44Sometimes, legs are not legs.

00:15:46In a recent study,

00:15:48researchers looked at how

00:15:50caterpillars make their legs

00:15:52grow, which characterizes them.

00:15:54They actually fulfill an important goal.

00:15:56Caterpillars need to eat a lot

00:15:58to grow as fast as possible,

00:16:00and these round legs help them

00:16:02to move effectively around

00:16:04leaves and branches.

00:16:06It is interesting to note that

00:16:08these small, padded legs

00:16:10are not really legs.

00:16:12These are what are called false legs,

00:16:14which allow caterpillars to move.

00:16:16The real legs of the caterpillar,

00:16:18which will turn into adult legs

00:16:20once it becomes a butterfly,

00:16:22are close to its head

00:16:24and are not used to move.

00:16:26Even if a caterpillar lost its real legs,

00:16:28it could still move

00:16:30by using the false ones.

00:16:32This raises the question of

00:16:34what makes a leg a leg?

00:16:36Is it due to its structure

00:16:38or to its function?

00:16:40The caterpillar's unique legs

00:16:42are an observation observed

00:16:44among arthropods.

00:16:46Temporary legs help

00:16:48caterpillars to feed and move

00:16:50before acquiring their final form.

00:16:52This brief overview of the world

00:16:54of caterpillars reminds us

00:16:56of the transitory nature of life

00:16:58and encourages us to appreciate

00:17:00these special legs as long as they last.

00:17:02Pogonas or bearded dragons

00:17:04are Australian lizards

00:17:06found in the deserts,

00:17:08savannahs, bushes

00:17:10and subtropical forests.

00:17:12They are known to be

00:17:14appreciated pets

00:17:16due to their friendly temperament,

00:17:18their constant smile

00:17:20and their relaxed attitude.

00:17:22People like to keep them as pets

00:17:24and call them hairy

00:17:26because of their spikes on their necks.

00:17:28There are eight types of bearded dragons

00:17:30and many different colors and patterns

00:17:32have been observed in captivity.

00:17:34Although they behave well

00:17:36in their Australian homes,

00:17:38most of the world is not

00:17:40a habitat for them.

00:17:42Although they mainly stay

00:17:44on the ground in the wild,

00:17:46they know how to climb trees

00:17:48when they need to expose themselves

00:17:50or escape from a predator.

00:17:52Bearded dragons are now

00:17:54present everywhere in the world

00:17:56except in Hawaii

00:17:58since they are forbidden there.

00:18:00These dragons can make you

00:18:02brush their teeth,

00:18:04just like sharks and geckos.

00:18:06They can drink rainwater

00:18:08when it is hot or very dry.

00:18:10They also have strange sleeping habits

00:18:12and sleep in strange positions,

00:18:14even in their vivarium.

00:18:16They can literally stand up

00:18:18during their sleep.

00:18:20They are also able to run

00:18:22almost as fast as humans.

00:18:24However, they generally prefer

00:18:26to take their time.

00:18:28When they need to sprint,

00:18:30they can stand on two legs

00:18:32and run on their stomachs.

00:18:34There is always the strict definition

00:18:36of sex. Some species

00:18:38have the ability to develop

00:18:40and maintain simultaneously

00:18:42male and female reproductive organs.

00:18:44It is a matter of strength.

00:18:46Others have the ability to switch

00:18:48from one sex to another

00:18:50depending on various factors

00:18:52such as environmental conditions.

00:18:54Sex change can offer reproductive flexibility

00:18:56or can be triggered by external factors

00:18:58such as temperature increase.

00:19:00Clown fish, for example,

00:19:02are sequentially hermaphrodites,

00:19:04born of one sex but able to switch

00:19:06to the other if necessary.

00:19:08In the case of clown fish,

00:19:10this transformation is done from male to female,

00:19:12a process known as protandry.

00:19:14In a group of clown fish,

00:19:16only two members are fully mature,

00:19:18a large male and an even larger female.

00:19:20If something happens to the female,

00:19:22the male will become a female

00:19:24and choose the next male,

00:19:26the largest of the group, as a new partner.

00:19:28Isn't that convenient?

00:19:30Siretidae are another example

00:19:32of species capable of changing sex

00:19:34depending on specific conditions.

00:19:36They begin their life as females

00:19:38and can become males,

00:19:40a process known as protogeny.

00:19:42Unlike other sequentially hermaphrodites,

00:19:44siretidae have the ability

00:19:46to switch from one sex to the other

00:19:48depending on the circumstances

00:19:50within their group.

00:19:52Limas bananas, for example,

00:19:54are simultaneous hermaphrodites,

00:19:56able to use both

00:19:58male and female reproductive organs.

00:20:00Although they can self-fertilize,

00:20:02most of the limas bananas

00:20:04prefer to mate with another limas.

00:20:06Research has also shown

00:20:08that some species of frogs

00:20:10were able to change sex,

00:20:12with individuals developing

00:20:14reproductive organs of the opposite sex

00:20:16fully functional.

00:20:18This change, observed both in laboratories

00:20:20and in studies in the natural environment,

00:20:22could occur in the United States.

00:20:24In the United States,

00:20:26every year there are

00:20:28250,000 human bites,

00:20:30400,000 cat bites

00:20:32and 4.5 million dog bites.

00:20:34Yes, our adorable animals

00:20:36often attack us suddenly.

00:20:38Here are some examples

00:20:40among the cutest and fiercest.

00:20:42Forget these viral videos

00:20:44of people licking pandas.

00:20:46These cute big beasts

00:20:48can be surprisingly dangerous.

00:20:50Despite their cartoon look,

00:20:52they are wild animals

00:20:54and they feel threatened.

00:20:56Even a snow leopard

00:20:58will not disturb an adult panda.

00:21:00So, if you ever come across

00:21:02this animal somewhere,

00:21:04keep your distance,

00:21:06especially if it has small ones.

00:21:08Pandas went from an omnivorous

00:21:10diet to a vegetarian diet

00:21:12a few million years ago.

00:21:14But they still have carnivorous teeth

00:21:16and their claws could easily

00:21:18tear your tender flesh.

00:21:20Scientists believe that the strict

00:21:22diet of pandas could contribute

00:21:24to their extinction.

00:21:26It would therefore be logical

00:21:28to plant bamboo forests

00:21:30to prevent these big teddy bears

00:21:32from regaining their carnivorous

00:21:34habits, wouldn't it?

00:21:36But let's say you're hiking

00:21:38in a forest in China

00:21:40and suddenly a furious panda

00:21:42appears from nowhere.

00:21:44First of all, make sure

00:21:46you have an anti-bear spray

00:21:48and be ready to use it.

00:21:50Don't take your legs

00:21:52at your neck,

00:21:54speak to the animal while

00:21:56moving back slowly.

00:21:58If a panda follows you on your hike,

00:22:00make a lot of noise on your way

00:22:02to scare it.

00:22:04The smell of food can attract

00:22:06pandas, but also snow leopards.

00:22:08So, avoid cooking

00:22:10if you know you're being tracked.

00:22:12And about pretty plushies

00:22:14who deceive their world,

00:22:16don't trust koalas

00:22:18because they have a common trait.

00:22:20Koalas are territorial

00:22:22and they don't hesitate to use their claws

00:22:24and their sharp teeth to prove it.

00:22:26If a koala bites you,

00:22:28it won't let go easily.

00:22:30You'll have to push it back.

00:22:32It would therefore be wise

00:22:34to wear pants and a jacket

00:22:36to be better protected in the event of an attack.

00:22:38And make sure you watch your pets

00:22:40because koalas could attack them.

00:22:42Don't be fooled

00:22:44by these nice videos

00:22:46of people petting koalas.

00:22:48These are zoo animals that have been domesticated.

00:22:50In the wild,

00:22:52it's a whole other story.

00:22:54If you ever meet these creatures in nature,

00:22:56don't try to take a selfie

00:22:58and avoid provoking them by making noise.

00:23:00Although koalas are known

00:23:02to sleep 22 hours a day,

00:23:04that doesn't mean

00:23:06they can't get angry.

00:23:08Koalas tend to be wary

00:23:10as soon as they spot strangers

00:23:12within a radius of 5 meters.

00:23:14Spraying urine on those who threaten them

00:23:16is one of their favorite defense techniques.

00:23:18Most wild koalas

00:23:20will make your life hard

00:23:22if you bother them.

00:23:24A good reason to leave them alone.

00:23:26Wombats may look like

00:23:28friendly hamsters.

00:23:30These nocturnal marsupials are known

00:23:32to attack people, dogs

00:23:34and even wild dingoes.

00:23:36Yes, they have bitten several people

00:23:38so badly that they must have been hospitalized.

00:23:40So the safety rules

00:23:42are the same as with koalas.

00:23:44No cuddles, no selfies.

00:23:46By the way, if you dare to run away from a wombat,

00:23:48keep in mind that it can run

00:23:50up to 40 km per hour.

00:23:52And you?

00:23:54Signs.

00:23:56When you enter what they consider

00:23:58to be their territory,

00:24:00these volatiles can be quite unpleasant.

00:24:02Signs will defend their partners

00:24:04and their nests very aggressively.

00:24:06They will bite if necessary

00:24:08and it can be very serious.

00:24:10So, if you swim or even walk

00:24:12near a pond in the spring

00:24:14and you spot a sign

00:24:16coming towards you,

00:24:18make sure to keep

00:24:20a respectful distance.

00:24:22Do not try to touch them

00:24:24or feed them.

00:24:26Do nothing that can provoke them.

00:24:28And do not approach their nest.

00:24:30Beware of the silent sign.

00:24:32It's a big thug in the bird world.

00:24:34These guys are less talkative

00:24:36than other species of signs.

00:24:38They will not warn you

00:24:40before attacking you silently.

00:24:42If this happens, do not run away.

00:24:44Try to stay calm.

00:24:46Do not turn your back to the sign

00:24:48and move back slowly.

00:24:50Protecting yourself behind a fence or a tree

00:24:52is a very good idea.

00:24:54You can also deceive the sign

00:24:56by making it believe that you are a big bird.

00:24:58Just show it your open umbrella

00:25:00or a wide garment

00:25:02that looks like wings,

00:25:04if you have that on you.

00:25:08You could also come across

00:25:10a sign that seems to need your help.

00:25:12Even if it breaks your heart,

00:25:14you must avoid trying

00:25:16to save the bird alone.

00:25:18Because the sign may perceive

00:25:20your help as a threat.

00:25:22Instead of helping it,

00:25:24it is best to warn the forest guards

00:25:26who will take care of the animal

00:25:28in an appropriate way.

00:25:30There are many stories of dolphins

00:25:32who save people and are cute like everything,

00:25:34but they can be surprisingly dangerous,

00:25:36especially if they are wild.

00:25:38Even sharks generally avoid

00:25:40rubbing themselves against a dolphin

00:25:42in a bad mood.

00:25:44Swimming with these smiling creatures

00:25:46is more risky than you think.

00:25:48Dolphins can have fun

00:25:50pushing you with their nose

00:25:52and their powerful body.

00:25:54In some cases,

00:25:56they can decide to drag you

00:25:58under water or bite you.

00:26:00Unfortunately,

00:26:02not everyone survives such encounters.

00:26:04If you see wild dolphins,

00:26:06never try to feed them,

00:26:08caress them or play with them.

00:26:10If you see them slapping their jaws,

00:26:12chasing,

00:26:14slapping their tails on the water

00:26:16or even spitting bubbles,

00:26:18tell yourself that they are not there

00:26:20to laugh.

00:26:22If you go kayaking

00:26:24or swim near an aggressive dolphin,

00:26:26flee the area as quickly as possible.

00:26:28Do you want to see

00:26:30one of the most annoying,

00:26:32here it is.

00:26:34It's hard to resist the urge

00:26:36to put this little colored guy

00:26:38on your palm to take a nice picture.

00:26:40But it could be your last session.

00:26:42The Colombian crocodile

00:26:44has enough venom

00:26:46to kill 10 adults

00:26:48in good health.

00:26:50This poison attacks the nervous system

00:26:52of predators and causes muscle contractions,

00:26:54respiratory paralysis and much worse.

00:26:56Unlike snakes and scorpions,

00:26:58Colombian crocodiles

00:27:00do not inject their venom,

00:27:02they excrete it through their cutaneous glands.

00:27:04So if you touch this animal

00:27:06by mistake,

00:27:08do not rub your eyes

00:27:10and wash your hands immediately.

00:27:12The toxin must penetrate your blood

00:27:14to be active.

00:27:16If you have cuts on your skin,

00:27:18go to a hospital as soon as possible

00:27:20and keep in mind that the skin of these frogs

00:27:22poisons everything it touches

00:27:24and that the poison can stay on objects

00:27:26for nearly a year.

00:27:28Look at this toy that looks like Shrek.

00:27:30But wait, he's alive!

00:27:32Here is one of the rare

00:27:34venomous mammals on the planet,

00:27:36the nyctiseb.

00:27:38No wonder this hairy creature

00:27:40is the star of the clandestine

00:27:42pet market.

00:27:44But you have to read the instructions

00:27:46before buying it,

00:27:48because a refund is unlikely.

00:27:50You may have already seen this animal

00:27:52raise his hands as if he were going to the police.

00:27:54And no!

00:27:56The nyctiseb releases the toxin

00:27:58from his brachial gland located on his elbows.

00:28:02This small animal looks innocent

00:28:04takes his venom in his mouth

00:28:06to mix it with his saliva.

00:28:08Then he rubs this saliva

00:28:10on his hair to scare

00:28:12his enemies.

00:28:14But he can also inflict a bite on you

00:28:16that you will never forget.

00:28:18This toxin causes

00:28:20anaphylactic shock.

00:28:22It is therefore dangerous for humans.

00:28:24If you still want to bring this pretty creature

00:28:26home, take a dog instead.

00:28:30This is not because the ornithorynchus

00:28:32looks a bit like a Pokémon

00:28:34that you can lower your guard.

00:28:36Males have a weapon to fight

00:28:38their rivals.

00:28:40Hidden spurs on their hind legs.

00:28:42They contain a venom that can be fatal

00:28:44to an animal the size of a dog.

00:28:46But be careful anyway.

00:28:48They also attack humans.

00:28:50We describe the sensation

00:28:52provoked by the venom of the ornithorynchus

00:28:54as an intense long-lasting pain

00:28:56that no conventional medicine

00:28:58can relieve.

00:29:00So don't pet this creature.

00:29:02It's not worth it.

00:29:04There are many more cute animals

00:29:06but dangerous on the planet.

00:29:08So remember that appearances

00:29:10can be misleading.

00:29:12And stay safe.

00:29:14Let me introduce you to the little

00:29:16terrors of our world.

00:29:18The fire ants.

00:29:20This insect is a venom

00:29:22likely to cause serious problems.

00:29:24For most people,

00:29:26it's just a feeling of burning

00:29:28and clots forming.

00:29:30But for others, especially those

00:29:32who are allergic,

00:29:34it's a matter of life or death.

00:29:36These ants establish their colony

00:29:38right under our feet.

00:29:40They are ready to gather

00:29:42and protect their nest.

00:29:44They show no mercy

00:29:46towards intruders.

00:29:48One or four of them

00:29:50represent the maximum.

00:29:52You would probably shake

00:29:54but the sensation remains

00:29:56less intense than when a wasp bites you.

00:29:58These ants are native

00:30:00to the tropical regions of Central

00:30:02and South America.

00:30:04But today, they can even be found

00:30:06in some temperate areas of North America.

00:30:08In their colony,

00:30:10the fire ants observe a strict hierarchy.

00:30:12A queen,

00:30:14males and females,

00:30:16and a group of asexual workers.

00:30:18They communicate through

00:30:20pheromones and sounds.

00:30:22The most feared member of this species

00:30:24is the imported red ant.

00:30:26They come from South America

00:30:28and invaded the South of the United States.

00:30:30They build large mounds,

00:30:32making agriculture difficult

00:30:34and harming the crops.

00:30:36It is almost impossible to regulate them.

00:30:38And as if that were not enough,

00:30:40now appears the emergence

00:30:42of another invasive species,

00:30:44this one poses a threat

00:30:46to the entire endemic ecosystem.

00:30:48It turns out that ants

00:30:50can be dangerously hostile.

00:30:52The mellowidae

00:30:54are among the 10

00:30:56most dangerous insects in the world.

00:30:58Fortunately,

00:31:00they are not deadly to humans,

00:31:02unless they attack us in large numbers.

00:31:04However, they represent

00:31:06a serious threat to large animals

00:31:08such as horses.

00:31:10The mellowidae family's colopter

00:31:12is a toxin called cantharidin

00:31:14that causes redness

00:31:16and blisters on the skin.

00:31:18In the past, people believed

00:31:20that it could treat verrus and even rage,

00:31:22and some even went so far

00:31:24as to include it in love filters.

00:31:26It's a risky game, however.

00:31:28In the 1950s,

00:31:30a Briton was convicted

00:31:32of giving cantharidin-soaked candy

00:31:34to two women,

00:31:36leading to their death.

00:31:38These insects are not easy to catch.

00:31:40They are extremely dangerous.

00:31:42However, they are attracted

00:31:44by luserne and hay.

00:31:46If a horse eats one or the other

00:31:48of its food,

00:31:50even a handful of mellowidae

00:31:52are able to release enough

00:31:54cantharidin to kill it.

00:31:56This adorable caterpillar

00:31:58from South America

00:32:00is the Launomia oblica,

00:32:02and it is the most dangerous caterpillar

00:32:04on Earth.

00:32:06It is responsible for a number

00:32:08of diseases.

00:32:10When it grows up,

00:32:12it becomes a superb

00:32:14and harmless green to itself.

00:32:16But if you notice them

00:32:18while they are still juvenile,

00:32:20it is better to stay away.

00:32:22Their toxicity comes

00:32:24from their hairs full of venom.

00:32:26They serve as a defense mechanism

00:32:28against predators.

00:32:30Poison disturbs blood coagulation

00:32:32and can cause very serious symptoms,

00:32:34such as burning sensations,

00:32:36or even worse,

00:32:38a single sting will probably

00:32:40have no serious consequences.

00:32:42They only deliver a small amount

00:32:44of venom.

00:32:46But these caterpillars tend

00:32:48to regroup,

00:32:50and they are very good

00:32:52at camouflage,

00:32:54which increases the risk

00:32:56of multiple stings.

00:32:58Crickets themselves are not

00:33:00so dangerous to humans.

00:33:02They are just ordinary

00:33:04caterpillars.

00:33:06They often live during dry

00:33:08and arid periods,

00:33:10then all of a sudden,

00:33:12a large amount of rain falls

00:33:14and the plants begin to grow

00:33:16quickly.

00:33:18Once they have left,

00:33:20it is almost impossible

00:33:22to stop them.

00:33:24They can mutate

00:33:26into a destructive force

00:33:28in a few minutes.

00:33:30Throughout history,

00:33:32locusts can designate

00:33:34different things depending

00:33:36on the different regions

00:33:38of the globe.

00:33:40In some cases,

00:33:42Americans refer to

00:33:44the cicadas,

00:33:46which are also known

00:33:48for their cacophony.

00:33:50But for us,

00:33:52locusts usually designate

00:33:54crickets,

00:33:56ancient creatures

00:33:58relatively unchanged

00:34:00in terms of size

00:34:02and weight.

00:34:04Locusts are

00:34:06extremely dangerous

00:34:08to humans,

00:34:10especially to those

00:34:12who are allergic

00:34:14to their sting.

00:34:16As its name suggests,

00:34:18the giant locust

00:34:20is the largest of the locusts.

00:34:22It can reach up to 5 cm long.

00:34:24It has a powerful venom,

00:34:26capable of causing

00:34:28death.

00:34:30In any case,

00:34:32deaths due to locusts

00:34:34or bees are rare

00:34:36but not unknown.

00:34:38In the United Kingdom,

00:34:40about 10 people

00:34:42die every year

00:34:44from bee stings

00:34:46or locusts.

00:34:48Always be careful.

00:34:50These insects are

00:34:52all very territorial

00:34:54and will fiercely

00:34:56attack you.

00:34:58Locusts are as humble

00:35:00as tiny,

00:35:02but they have had

00:35:04a colossal impact

00:35:06on human history

00:35:08and health.

00:35:10They are not only

00:35:12annoying parasites,

00:35:14they are also

00:35:16notorious vectors

00:35:18of various diseases

00:35:20and are responsible

00:35:22for some of the

00:35:24worst diseases

00:35:26in the world.

00:35:28Locusts play

00:35:30a major role

00:35:32in their propagation.

00:35:34They spend their lives

00:35:36looking for others

00:35:38to feed on,

00:35:40whether they are reptiles,

00:35:42mammals,

00:35:44domestic animals

00:35:46or humans.

00:35:48Despite their small size

00:35:50and their absence,

00:35:52locusts can cause

00:35:54minor discomfort,

00:35:56nausea and inflammation.

00:35:58But a large number

00:36:00of them can lead to

00:36:02anemia of the host.

00:36:04Of course,

00:36:06the most dangerous part

00:36:08about them

00:36:10are viruses,

00:36:12bacteria

00:36:14and other parasites

00:36:16they transmit.

00:36:18Triatominae live mainly

00:36:20among the parasites

00:36:22they carry.

00:36:24It is responsible for diseases

00:36:26that affect millions of people

00:36:28around the world

00:36:30and cause thousands of victims

00:36:32each year.

00:36:34What is not insignificant

00:36:36is that the symptoms

00:36:38often do not appear

00:36:40before 10,

00:36:4220 or even 30 years

00:36:44after being stung.

00:36:46They usually manifest

00:36:48when they are attracted

00:36:50by the breath of the prey.

00:36:52If you breathe through the mouth,

00:36:54you are susceptible to stings.

00:36:56They are also not the most

00:36:58refined predators,

00:37:00often biting in an almost

00:37:02uncontrollable way,

00:37:04which only adds to the problem.

00:37:06Many have already heard

00:37:08about the Tsetse fly,

00:37:10a singular and frightening insect

00:37:12native to tropical Africa.

00:37:14These flies are carriers

00:37:16of the most devastating diseases

00:37:18that of sleep.

00:37:20Like the triatominae,

00:37:22the Tsetse fly is a transmitter

00:37:24of trypanosomes,

00:37:26parasites that cause the disease.

00:37:28They acquire this parasite

00:37:30from an infected host

00:37:32where it develops

00:37:34inside the body of the fly.

00:37:36Sleep disease does not strike

00:37:38immediately.

00:37:40After a sting,

00:37:42it takes 1 to 3 weeks

00:37:44to develop.

00:37:46As the disease progresses,

00:37:48it can invade the nervous system,

00:37:50causing confusion, insomnia

00:37:52and loss of balance.

00:37:54Without treatment,

00:37:56it can lead to a coma

00:37:58followed by a fatal outcome.

00:38:00Fortunately, sleep disease

00:38:02can be treated

00:38:04and the number of human losses

00:38:06tends to decrease.

00:38:08The Tsetse fly also has

00:38:10a historical importance,

00:38:12because the most dangerous insect

00:38:14in the world comes back to mosquitos.

00:38:16This is not surprising.

00:38:18Despite their small size,

00:38:20they have a colossal impact.

00:38:22They are not only responsible

00:38:24for more human losses

00:38:26each year than any other animal,

00:38:28but they have also left

00:38:30an indelible mark on history.

00:38:32These small insects played

00:38:34a role in the rise

00:38:36and fall of entire civilizations.

00:38:38Thus, malaria has considerably

00:38:40reduced the population of

00:38:42Greek and Roman civilizations.

00:38:44What is interesting is that

00:38:46it is not the mosquitos

00:38:48themselves that are dangerous,

00:38:50but once again, their parasites,

00:38:52bacteria and viruses

00:38:54are transmitted by their sting.

00:38:56These flying horrors thus

00:38:58spread an entire buffet of diseases.

00:39:00In addition to malaria,

00:39:02there is yellow fever,

00:39:04which, just like

00:39:06the Tsetse fly,

00:39:08is the Anopheles mosquito.

00:39:10It is the ultimate predator

00:39:12of the insect world,

00:39:14responsible for more deaths

00:39:16and diseases than any other.

00:39:18How do we fight these tiny

00:39:20but yet so powerful enemies?

00:39:22With prevention.

00:39:24We must eliminate stagnant water

00:39:26in our immediate environment

00:39:28and take mosquito control measures.

00:39:30We must always have two steps

00:39:32ahead to protect us

00:39:34from these dangerous insects.

00:39:36You decided to go

00:39:38underwater for the first time.

00:39:40The water is clear and the sun

00:39:42illuminates the seabed.

00:39:44You take a few selfies

00:39:46with the fish that pass by

00:39:48when suddenly the ocean

00:39:50becomes as dark as night.

00:39:52You look up and,

00:39:54oh my God,

00:39:56what is this huge animal?

00:39:58It is certainly not a shark,

00:40:00not more than a whale.

00:40:02Is it a turtle?

00:40:04If you lived on this same land

00:40:06about 72 million years ago,

00:40:08then maybe this could

00:40:10really have happened to you.

00:40:12Scientists have recently

00:40:14discovered the fossils

00:40:16of a huge sea turtle

00:40:18that could reach

00:40:20up to 4 meters in length.

00:40:22If you have no idea

00:40:24what that represents,

00:40:26let's look at some examples.

00:40:28This is the average length

00:40:30of a hippopotamus,

00:40:32two Michael Jordans stacked on top of each other.

00:40:37The scientific name of this turtle,

00:40:39the Leviathanochelysa enigmatica,

00:40:41is a tribute to the legendary sea monster known as the Leviathan.

00:40:46Maybe you remember it from your mythology classes at school.

00:40:49The Leviathan is supposed to be a mythical creature

00:40:51that would swallow entire ships

00:40:53or the sailors considered too greedy by the creature.

00:40:57Can you imagine being swallowed by this huge sea turtle?

00:41:01Me? I pass my turn.

00:41:04The fossils of this gigantic creature

00:41:07began to be excavated between 2016 and 2021

00:41:10in northeastern Spain.

00:41:12The first fossil was located

00:41:14by a hiker in the Spanish Pyrenees

00:41:17and it was about 20 cm long.

00:41:20The basin of this turtle

00:41:21alone measured nearly 98 cm.

00:41:24It would certainly be one of the biggest turtles today

00:41:28if it hadn't gone extinct.

00:41:32For information,

00:41:33the largest living sea turtle today

00:41:35can reach up to 2 meters long.

00:41:38Which is already not bad.

00:41:42And now,

00:41:43what would you say about a gigantic prehistoric scorpion?

00:41:46I bet most people here are not big fans of these creatures,

00:41:49especially since they are venomous.

00:41:51This is why the idea of an aquatic scorpion

00:41:53measuring nearly 3 meters long

00:41:55could be the nightmare of some.

00:41:57Let's just say that if it hadn't gone extinct,

00:42:00about 400 million years ago,

00:42:03lakes and rivers

00:42:05would be much less bucolic places

00:42:07for today's humans.

00:42:09These gigantic arachnids

00:42:10became first-rate predators at their time,

00:42:13hunting everything,

00:42:14from fish to other animals,

00:42:16including their own species.

00:42:18Ouch,

00:42:19I have chicken skin just from imagining these monsters.

00:42:22We should thank the asteroid

00:42:24that hit our planet right now or later in the video.

00:42:27Another prehistoric animal

00:42:29that would amaze humans if it was still alive

00:42:32is the famous Megatherium,

00:42:34a gigantic-proportioned sloth.

00:42:36It is thought that this huge sloth

00:42:38could have reached up to 6 meters long,

00:42:41for a weight of nearly 3.6 trillion kilos.

00:42:44These remains were found

00:42:46in the forests of the South American Spires.

00:42:49The creature had a poor habit

00:42:51of sitting on its back

00:42:53in order to reach the fins

00:42:55of its hot sprouts.

00:42:58It helped them climb trees.

00:43:00I have to admit,

00:43:02I don't feel very comfortable

00:43:04imagining this sloth

00:43:06climbing trees.

00:43:08Oh, of course,

00:43:10some dinosaurs will be part

00:43:12of our list of oversized creatures.

00:43:14But before that, here is a funny fact.

00:43:16Did you know that some dinosaurs

00:43:18are still alive today?

00:43:20Researchers have determined

00:43:22that birds can be classified

00:43:24as theropods.

00:43:26I'm sure you've heard

00:43:28these names a long time ago

00:43:30if you've watched Jurassic Park.

00:43:32The Velociraptor is this frightening

00:43:34dinosaur that intrudes into the kitchens.

00:43:36Well, they evolved,

00:43:38gained some feathers,

00:43:40and turned into various species

00:43:42of birds that we know today.

00:43:44This means that any bird,

00:43:46from dendon to mesange,

00:43:48is a direct descendant

00:43:50of dinosaurs.

00:43:52Now,

00:43:54does the name Spinosaurus

00:43:56mean anything to you?

00:43:58You can admire this huge dinosaur

00:44:00in some museums today.

00:44:02It's fossil, I mean.

00:44:04Spinosaurus was one of the greatest

00:44:06terrestrial predators

00:44:08to have swallowed the earth.

00:44:10Or rather, to have swallowed the earth

00:44:12and its waters.

00:44:14Because researchers think

00:44:16that this dino was semi-aquatic.

00:44:18It mainly fed on meat,

00:44:20which means that humans would be

00:44:23hungry.

00:44:25This carnivorous dinosaur lived

00:44:27about 90 to 100 million years ago.

00:44:29It was about 18 meters long,

00:44:314 meters high,

00:44:33and weighed up to 22 tons.

00:44:35Its head was about the size

00:44:37of 8 bowling balls

00:44:39and had the shape of a crocodile's mouth.

00:44:41Basically,

00:44:43the Spinosaurus was a large African elephant

00:44:45with a crocodile's mouth.

00:44:47I'm kidding,

00:44:49but it would have looked funny,

00:44:51wouldn't it?

00:44:53A much more attractive dinosaur

00:44:55was this one, the Patagotitan Mayorum.

00:44:57It is considered the largest dinosaur

00:44:59that has ever lived on our planet.

00:45:01What made it so big

00:45:03was its extremely long neck

00:45:05and its outstretched tail.

00:45:07You wouldn't want to stand

00:45:09behind this creature, believe me.

00:45:11If it decided to make a sudden move

00:45:13with its tail, you would be catapulted

00:45:15in the distance.

00:45:17This dinosaur lived about 100 million years ago

00:45:20and was discovered for the first time

00:45:22in Argentina around 2012.

00:45:24It was 36 meters tall

00:45:26from head to tail,

00:45:28making it almost as big

00:45:30as a football field in its width.

00:45:32Did I mention

00:45:34that it weighed almost as much

00:45:36as a spaceship?

00:45:38We're talking about 75 tons.

00:45:40If it had been a carnivore,

00:45:42it would have probably been

00:45:44the biggest predator.

00:45:46But this big guy was a peaceful herbivore

00:45:48and could even eat the leaves

00:45:50of the tallest trees.

00:45:52Cute, isn't it?

00:45:54We also have to talk

00:45:56about the Chastasaurus.

00:45:58As its name suggests,

00:46:00this lizard once populated

00:46:02the region of Mount Shasta

00:46:04in California.

00:46:06Even if it was a marine reptile

00:46:08that probably never set foot

00:46:10on the mountain itself.

00:46:12This dinosaur was usually 7 meters long,

00:46:14but there was a specific variety

00:46:16the size of the Great Blue Whale,

00:46:18which makes it

00:46:20the largest marine reptile

00:46:22ever lived.

00:46:24A funny fact about the Chastasaurus

00:46:26is that scientists think

00:46:28it had no teeth,

00:46:30which means it could only feed

00:46:32prey to cormorants,

00:46:34such as squids, for example.

00:46:38The next animal on our list

00:46:40is the Great Blue Whale.

00:46:42Believe it or not,

00:46:45life on Earth actually began small.

00:46:47Nowadays,

00:46:49an average adult Great Blue Whale

00:46:51can reach up to 30 meters long

00:46:53and weigh up to 200 tons.

00:46:55This is more or less

00:46:57the weight of 40 elephants

00:46:59or 30 tyrannosaurs

00:47:01or 250 people

00:47:03on average.

00:47:07The whale needs to consume

00:47:09up to 5 million calories a day

00:47:11to feed its body

00:47:13or its mind.

00:47:15Just for your information,

00:47:17it's the equivalent of 30,000 Big Macs.

00:47:19But the Great Blue Whales

00:47:21were not always that big.

00:47:23They evolved from a four-legged

00:47:25mammal that roamed the Earth

00:47:27about 48 million years ago.

00:47:29Their ancestor was called Pakicetus

00:47:31and was only 2 meters long.

00:47:33Here's another funny fact.

00:47:35In order to live in the water

00:47:37as it does today,

00:47:39the Great Blue Whale had to make

00:47:42an adaptation agreement.

00:47:44The Great Blue Whale can renew

00:47:46between 80% and 90% of the oxygen

00:47:48in its lungs every time it breathes.

00:47:50In comparison,

00:47:52a human only renews

00:47:54up to 15%.

00:47:56This allows these creatures

00:47:58to dive for an entire hour

00:48:00and reach a stunning depth

00:48:02of 100 meters.

00:48:04Elephants were destined

00:48:06to be part of this list.

00:48:08African elephants are currently

00:48:10the largest animals on our planet.

00:48:12They can reach about 4 meters high

00:48:14and weigh up to 7 tons.

00:48:16It's quite small if we compare them

00:48:18to other animals that have lived

00:48:20on Earth before, isn't it?

00:48:22But if we place a human

00:48:24of about 1.80 meters next to an elephant,

00:48:26we can see that it is not that small.

00:48:28African elephants are larger

00:48:30than their close relatives,

00:48:32the elephants of Asia,

00:48:34and they have a life expectancy

00:48:36similar to that of humans,

00:48:38so maybe one day,

00:48:40we all wished that salamanders

00:48:42were real dragons.

00:48:44Although this is not the case,

00:48:46they can still be fascinating.

00:48:48There is a giant salamander species

00:48:50that is known to be

00:48:52the largest living amphibian.

00:48:54They can reach the size

00:48:56of an average-sized human,

00:48:58or 1.80 meters.

00:49:00I doubt it's a very pleasant

00:49:02underwater encounter.

00:49:04Megalodon is one of the

00:49:06largest and fiercest creatures

00:49:08on our planet.

00:49:10Powerful jaws, sharp teeth

00:49:12like razors, gigantic size.

00:49:14But do you know the sound it made?

00:49:16Imagine the frog

00:49:18impregnating the underwater world

00:49:20with sound vibrations.

00:49:22This sound was nothing like anything else.

00:49:24The megalodon did not make a sound.

00:49:26It was a shark,

00:49:28and it has no sound-producing organs.

00:49:30It was a mute danger.

00:49:32But despite that, you could still

00:49:34imagine underwater,

00:49:36raise your hand and lower it quickly.

00:49:38Now imagine you have a big submarine

00:49:40instead of your hand.

00:49:42You hear the water moving around the hull.

00:49:44That's what the megalodon

00:49:46sounded like.

00:49:48When this monster climbed to the surface

00:49:50and opened its jaws,

00:49:52it made the sound of a waterfall.

00:49:54This giant shark swam at high speed.

00:49:56When the water passed through its mouth

00:49:58and its gills,

00:50:00we would have said a river was flowing.

00:50:02The megalodon

00:50:04did not make a sound,

00:50:06except for the flowing water.

00:50:08Other ancient fish could make sounds,

00:50:10but they were barely heard.

00:50:12I am not talking about whales, dolphins

00:50:14and their ancestors,

00:50:16because they are mammals.

00:50:18Fish communicated on frequencies

00:50:20inaudible to the human ear.

00:50:22Some still have this ability.

00:50:24But overall, the ocean was

00:50:26and remains a rather silent place.

00:50:28So let's go to the ancient lands

00:50:30and see what kind of sounds were produced there.

00:50:32Thanks to modern technology,

00:50:34scientists can recreate

00:50:36the sounds produced by many

00:50:38missing species.

00:50:40By using scanners,

00:50:42they discovered that some dinosaurs

00:50:44had complex systems of small holes

00:50:46in the skull that allowed them

00:50:48to produce a wide range of sounds

00:50:50and regulate the temperature of their bodies.

00:50:52And we managed to recreate them.

00:50:54The Vegavis,

00:50:56an ancient bird that lived

00:50:58from 79 to 145 million years ago,

00:51:00emitted a cry similar to that

00:51:02of some lowland birds

00:51:04such as ducks and eagles.

00:51:06But this creature

00:51:08did it in a much more frightening way.

00:51:10Scientists discovered it

00:51:12thanks to a syrinx fossil

00:51:14found in 2016 in Antarctica.

00:51:16It is the oldest vocal organ

00:51:18known in the world.

00:51:20It helped the Vegavis

00:51:22to produce a double quaking.

00:51:24Imagine a nut and a duck

00:51:26and multiply the volume.

00:51:28That's what its cry sounded like.

00:51:30Other flying reptiles,

00:51:32such as the pterodactyl,

00:51:34could not cry like the Vegavis

00:51:36because it did not have a syrinx.

00:51:38These winged monsters could groan,

00:51:40whistle and clack their beaks

00:51:42and it was already very effective.

00:51:44Take any great basketball player.

00:51:46The pterodactyl's skull

00:51:48was slightly larger.

00:51:50Imagine the noise the dinosaur made

00:51:52when it clacked such a beak.

00:51:54It must have been enough

00:51:56to frighten the other creatures.

00:51:58You probably know the noise

00:52:00a tyrannosaur makes thanks to movies

00:52:02and you would recognize

00:52:04among thousands of roaring sounds

00:52:06like a trombone, a vacuum

00:52:08and a horn.

00:52:10Well, this roaring is not really

00:52:12close to the real sound

00:52:14that this monster could emit.

00:52:16Thanks to modern technology

00:52:18and well-preserved fossils,

00:52:20scientists have managed

00:52:22to create a program

00:52:24that allows you to hear

00:52:26its terrifying roar.

00:52:28You press play

00:52:30and it sounds like a gasp.

00:52:32The cry of the Tyrannosaurus Rex

00:52:34was more like that of a bird

00:52:36and not of a mammal.

00:52:38But it was not just a cry.

00:52:40It used its nostrils to scream

00:52:42and not its mouth.

00:52:44A growl came out of its chest

00:52:46and looked like a siren with more bass.

00:52:48It looked much more intimidating

00:52:50than what we see in the movies.

00:52:52It was louder than all the trumpets

00:52:54of a symphonic orchestra.

00:52:56And it did it only

00:52:58through its nose.

00:53:00We do not know for sure

00:53:02if it could roar or not by its mouth.

00:53:04We can also hear the sound

00:53:06of long-nosed dinosaurs in movies.

00:53:08Their cries were similar to those of elephants.

00:53:10Something between a saxophone

00:53:12and a car horn.

00:53:14But in fact, these big creatures

00:53:16were whispering.

00:53:18Almost all mammals

00:53:20emit sounds through their laryngeal nerves.

00:53:22This nerve goes down along the neck,

00:53:24then goes around the blood vessels

00:53:26of the chest and back to the larynx.

00:53:28Basically, the brain gives a signal

00:53:30and it travels twice the distance

00:53:32of the neck before going out through the mouth.

00:53:34Remember the long neck

00:53:36of these dinosaurs.

00:53:38It was the height of a five-story building.

00:53:40But the vocal signal

00:53:42had to travel the equivalent

00:53:44of ten floors.

00:53:46It took a long time,

00:53:48which affected their roar.

00:53:50So when they wanted to emit a sound,

00:53:52they simply whistled like a giant viper.

00:53:54But the most detailed sound

00:53:56that scientists have managed to obtain

00:53:58is that of the Parasaurolophus.

00:54:00We recognize this herbivorous dinosaur

00:54:02thanks to its long crest

00:54:04at the back of its head.

00:54:06In movies and documentaries,

00:54:08it is used to fight its opponents.

00:54:10Some scientists think

00:54:12they also used it to drop

00:54:14the leaves of trees.

00:54:16Others think they needed it

00:54:18to improve its odor.

00:54:20But it turned out that in addition

00:54:22to defending and fighting,

00:54:24they used their crest to emit

00:54:26powerful and frightening sounds

00:54:28in different tones.

00:54:30Scientists reproduced them

00:54:32with fantastic precision

00:54:34thanks to the structure

00:54:36of this hard tissue.

00:54:38Almost all living beings

00:54:40with a voice use soft organs

00:54:42but the Parasaurolophus had solid ones.

00:54:44On a skull,

00:54:46we noticed that tubes connected

00:54:48the nostrils to the crest

00:54:50and came back to the latter.

00:54:52It was like a turntable,

00:54:54a curved instrument.

00:54:56This proves that this dinosaur

00:54:58used the crest located

00:55:00at the back of its head

00:55:02to amplify its cries,

00:55:04which allowed it to clarify

00:55:06so that its relatives

00:55:08could hear it in the forest.

00:55:10It was like a trumpet

00:55:12with the cry of a walnut

00:55:14with a car horn

00:55:16and adds low frequencies

00:55:18and then increases the volume.

00:55:20That's what the Parasaurolophus

00:55:22was like.

00:55:24That's also what my class

00:55:26of CM1 was like.

00:55:28You can listen to different

00:55:30sounds of this dinosaur

00:55:32on the Internet.

00:55:34It emitted different tones

00:55:36to create complex social links.

00:55:38We just heard the sound

00:55:40of some ancient reptiles.

00:55:42But what about the ancient insects?

00:55:44They didn't have vocal cords

00:55:46but they used friction

00:55:48between some parts of their bodies.

00:55:50Look at the modern crickets

00:55:52fluttering with their wings.

00:55:54One wing has tiny notches

00:55:56and the other has the shape of a mediator.

00:55:58Pass the tip of your finger

00:56:00on the teeth of a plastic comb.

00:56:02It's the same principle.

00:56:04Their wings vibrate and create sounds

00:56:06The crickets were very different

00:56:08from the modern insects

00:56:10who were much noisier.

00:56:12The sound emitted was more like a whistle.

00:56:14With high frequency waves

00:56:16they could also communicate secretly

00:56:18as if they were doing it

00:56:20on a secure radio channel.

00:56:22If you heard that,

00:56:24you would probably have trouble falling asleep.

00:56:26Today, our crickets are less noisy

00:56:28because they use more high frequencies.

00:56:30The higher-pitched waves

00:56:32propagate less far,

00:56:34so a bat may not hear them.

00:56:36Imagine the noise of the jungle at that time.

00:56:38The powerful crickets' whistling

00:56:40hurts your ears.

00:56:42Then you hear the whistling of a brachiosaur.

00:56:44The clacking of a pterodactyl's beak

00:56:46makes the sound of thunder.

00:56:48Then you hear the sound of trumpets

00:56:50somewhere in the jungle.

00:56:52These are parasaurolophus

00:56:54communicating with each other.

00:56:56And then you are scared by the siren of a tyrannosaur.

00:56:58It's impossible to find peace

00:57:00in such conditions.

00:57:02Humans appeared several million years later.

00:57:06Scientists managed to discover

00:57:08what the sound of our ancestors

00:57:10looked like.

00:57:12They carefully examined the position

00:57:14of the mouth, nose and throat

00:57:16on the skeleton of the Neanderthal man.

00:57:18His voice was similar to ours,

00:57:20but the phonetic range of an adult

00:57:22was the same as if he was 2 or 3 years old.

00:57:24A kind of mumbling

00:57:26without consonants.

00:57:28The study of the skull did not allow

00:57:30to find the exact voice of the Neanderthals,

00:57:32but in 2007, scientists

00:57:34extracted DNA samples

00:57:36from their bones.

00:57:38They found a variation of the gene

00:57:40corresponding to human speech.

00:57:42Scientists believe that the Neanderthals

00:57:44fought with the Homo sapiens.

00:57:46As a result of this conflict,

00:57:48their species went extinct.

00:57:50But the discovered gene indicates

00:57:52that they could also have other links between them.

00:57:54Maybe the Neanderthals

00:57:56could understand their language

00:57:59It is possible that you have a dog

00:58:01wagging its tail around your house

00:58:03or sniffing at your feet.

00:58:05But have you ever admired

00:58:07the finesse of your dog Louis?

00:58:09I mean, he can perceive the opening

00:58:11of a bag of chips even if you are

00:58:13on another floor of the house.

00:58:15Even with this incredible ability,

00:58:17most domestic dogs do not have

00:58:19the best hearing of the animal kingdom.

00:58:21In fact, they are not even in the top 5.

00:58:23On this note, let's venture

00:58:25into the world of Louis Animal

00:58:27and try to imagine what life

00:58:29looks like for other creatures.

00:58:33The fact is that we humans

00:58:35are rather strong.

00:58:37We have all kinds of talents.

00:58:39But when it comes to Louis Fine's

00:58:41Olympic Games, we are not even

00:58:43qualified for the competition.

00:58:45Put us next to a cat or a bat

00:58:47and our ears seem rather basic.

00:58:49Take, for example, elephants.

00:58:51They are large animals

00:58:53and their ears are just as big.

00:58:55However, these are not ordinary

00:58:57sound waves.

00:58:59These are low-frequency murmurs

00:59:01that are inaudible to us.

00:59:03This means that elephants can hear

00:59:05things such as the movement

00:59:07of rain clouds.

00:59:09Not only that, but these mastodons

00:59:11also have a rather clever way

00:59:13of communicating.

00:59:15They hammer the ground,

00:59:17creating barely perceptible vibrations.

00:59:19But for elephants, these vibrations

00:59:21are the equivalent of a long-distance

00:59:23walk through their feet

00:59:25and through the bones of their ears,

00:59:27even when they are several kilometers away.

00:59:29This is what we call a very good reception.

00:59:35Now let's move on to bats.

00:59:37They have mastered the art of night tracking

00:59:39thanks to their ability to echolocate.

00:59:41These animals emit

00:59:43very high-frequency sounds

00:59:45that are echoed after hitting objects.

00:59:47This echo helps bats

00:59:49to build a mental map

00:59:51so that they can easily move in the dark.

00:59:53And when we thought that bats

00:59:55couldn't be cooler,

00:59:57scientists discovered that their auditory

00:59:59abilities extended to their wings.

01:00:01Special hairs called

01:00:03Merkel's epidermal cells

01:00:05detect air movements,

01:00:07helping bats to detect objects in front of them.

01:00:09This is not the ordinary noise

01:00:11we are used to,

01:00:13but it is a fantastic adaptation

01:00:15to their environment.

01:00:17Dolphins, on the other hand,

01:00:19have a special ability to detect

01:00:21underwater objects.

01:00:23To begin with,

01:00:25one might think that living underwater

01:00:27would be an obstacle to hearing.

01:00:29But dolphins have turned this challenge

01:00:31into an advantage.

01:00:33They have developed their own version

01:00:35of echolocation

01:00:37and emit sound impulses

01:00:39from their foreheads.

01:00:41These sounds bounce on objects

01:00:43and are captured by the dolphin's jaw

01:00:45before being transmitted to the brain

01:00:47as is the case with us.

01:00:49Instead, dolphins have found innovative

01:00:51ways to listen, proving once again

01:00:53how incredible animals are.

01:00:55Don't let their

01:00:57domestic status deceive you.

01:00:59Your cats and dogs are champions

01:01:01of hearing. Ears of cats

01:01:03are designed to capture sounds

01:01:05at high frequencies up to 50 meters away.

01:01:07Practical to catch mice,

01:01:09isn't it?

01:01:11Dogs, on the other hand, are pros

01:01:13when it comes to locating sounds

01:01:15in the muscles around their ears.

01:01:17Have you ever seen your dog

01:01:19straighten his ear when he hears

01:01:21something suspicious?

01:01:23It is his sharp ear that is at work.

01:01:27Even the smallest beings

01:01:29that roam around us, like insects,

01:01:31can listen to the world.

01:01:33In fact, some insects

01:01:35have something similar

01:01:37to our human eardrums.

01:01:39It is a small delicate membrane

01:01:41called the tympanic organ.

01:01:43This organ is connected

01:01:45with the sound waves.

01:01:47This vibration is then transformed

01:01:49into a signal that our brain

01:01:51can understand.

01:01:53Well, you've probably heard

01:01:55the night serenade of crickets

01:01:57or the frightened rhythm

01:01:59of cicadas in the summer.

01:02:01These little melomans

01:02:03use precisely this type

01:02:05of configuration to listen

01:02:07to the world around them.

01:02:09This is not all, however.

01:02:11This structure is

01:02:13what is called the Johnstone organ.

01:02:15Take, for example, mosquitoes,

01:02:17bees, or even drosophiles.

01:02:19They use their antennas

01:02:21not only to locate their path,

01:02:23but also to listen to the world.

01:02:25Even better,

01:02:27sphinxes, these nocturnal

01:02:29and twilight butterflies,

01:02:31have a unique organ nestled

01:02:33in their mouths.

01:02:35It is like a superpower

01:02:37that would allow them to hear

01:02:39and avoid the dangerous

01:02:41dives of bats.

01:02:47For what is Louis' ultimate trophy,

01:02:49the animal kingdom has

01:02:51a very special champion.

01:02:53It's another night butterfly.

01:02:55Not just any butterfly, however.

01:02:57It is the false dengue of wax,

01:02:59studied by researchers

01:03:01based in Glasgow, Scotland.

01:03:03They have a fascinating knowledge

01:03:05of these butterflies,

01:03:07so pay attention.

01:03:09Just to give you a little context,

01:03:11the false dengue

01:03:13is not distinguished by its appearance.

01:03:15It is just brownish.

01:03:17As far as its daily routine is concerned,

01:03:19it loves to nibble

01:03:21honey alveoli.

01:03:23Although it merges perfectly

01:03:25into the animal kingdom,

01:03:27it has a hell of a pair of ears.

01:03:29How thin is its nest,

01:03:31you ask?

01:03:33Well, it has been discovered

01:03:35that it can detect sounds

01:03:37at frequencies up to 300 kHz.

01:03:39In comparison,

01:03:41our human ears can only detect

01:03:43sounds of about 20 kHz.

01:03:45This capacity,

01:03:47already not impressive,

01:03:49drops to about 15 kHz

01:03:51as we age.

01:03:53Even dolphins cannot compete

01:03:55with the false dengue.

01:03:57They can only hear sounds

01:03:59up to about 160 kHz.

01:04:01You are probably wondering

01:04:03why a butterfly would need

01:04:05such a developed ear.

01:04:07Scientists explain that the reason

01:04:09behind this extraordinary hearing

01:04:11lies in its survival instinct,

01:04:13its fear of predation,

01:04:15to be precise.

01:04:17Bats use high-frequency

01:04:19echolocation signals

01:04:21to detect their delicious

01:04:23butterfly meal,

01:04:25among so many other insects.

01:04:27But these ingenious little myths

01:04:29have evolved to capture frequencies

01:04:31that butterflies may need

01:04:33to hear at such frequencies.

01:04:35During their research,

01:04:37specialists realized

01:04:39that their ultrasound recordings

01:04:41had some shortcomings.

01:04:43So there is a chance

01:04:45that bats are capable

01:04:47of emitting signals

01:04:49at such high frequencies

01:04:51that butterflies can hear them.

01:04:53To discover this,

01:04:55scientists have used

01:04:57a special ultrasound device.

01:04:59We then observed the reaction

01:05:01of night butterflies

01:05:03by means of electrodes

01:05:05to measure their neuronal responses.

01:05:07The practical implications

01:05:09of these researches

01:05:11could be considerable.

01:05:13Understanding the internal

01:05:15functioning of the ear

01:05:17of false dengue could have

01:05:19a great impact on technology.

01:05:21This knowledge could help

01:05:23researchers design

01:05:25tiny microphones, for example.

01:05:27These tiny creatures crawling

01:05:29on the ground like titans

01:05:31swimming in the ocean

01:05:33are capable of capturing

01:05:35certain sound frequencies

01:05:37that our human ears

01:05:39simply cannot detect.

01:05:41However,

01:05:43researchers have made

01:05:45a fascinating discovery.

01:05:47They have shown,

01:05:49for the first time,

01:05:51that our ability

01:05:53to detect tiny differences

01:05:55in the sound of animals

01:05:57can be used

01:05:59to record the activity

01:06:01of individual neurons

01:06:03in the auditory cortex.

01:06:05It is a part of our brain

01:06:07that plays a major role

01:06:09in the sound processing

01:06:11while we are exposed

01:06:13to various sounds.

01:06:15You see,

01:06:17most of what we know

01:06:19about the auditory cortex

01:06:21was discovered

01:06:23by those who were

01:06:25treated in our own auditory system.

01:06:27But they did not really allow us

01:06:29to know what distinguished us,

01:06:31humans, in the way

01:06:33we perceive sounds.

01:06:35When researchers tested

01:06:37how we reacted

01:06:39to artificial sounds,

01:06:41they discovered that the neurons

01:06:43of our auditory cortex responded

01:06:45with a surprising level of precision

01:06:47to certain specific frequencies.

01:06:49They could even detect

01:06:51individual neurons.

01:06:53It is a level of detail

01:06:55that we generally do not find

01:06:57in the auditory cortex of other mammals.

01:06:59The only exception

01:07:01could be bats,

01:07:03which use their ears

01:07:05in a rather unique way.

01:07:07But this could explain

01:07:09why we can distinguish

01:07:11frequencies better than animals.

01:07:13It seems that the way

01:07:15our brains treat them

01:07:17has some particular characteristics.

01:07:19Like conversations,

01:07:21music and everyday sounds,

01:07:23neurons have shown

01:07:25complex activity patterns.

01:07:27These patterns could not be fully explained

01:07:29by the only selectivity of neurons.

01:07:31Studies on animals

01:07:33have shown similar phenomena,

01:07:35but it was the first time

01:07:37that we observed this in humans.

01:07:39There are sharks that shine in the dark.

01:07:41For example, sharks swell.

01:07:43They live in the dark depths of the ocean,

01:07:45about 518 meters

01:07:47under the surface.

01:07:49No one knows exactly why,

01:07:51but they emit a fluorescent glow

01:07:53that only other sharks can see.

01:07:55Scientists have detected this glow

01:07:57by using filters that block yellow light.

01:07:59They think this could be

01:08:01the way for these big fish

01:08:03to communicate with their friends.

01:08:05This glow helps these sharks

01:08:07to fight infections at the microbial level.

01:08:09Cormorants have secret passwords

01:08:11that they use to recognize each other.

01:08:13They are a specific type of parasitic bird

01:08:15because they lay their eggs

01:08:17in the nests of other species of birds.

01:08:19Young cormorants have an internal mechanism

01:08:21that allows them to recognize

01:08:23the song of their species

01:08:25as a kind of secret password

01:08:27that only they know.

01:08:29This is how they manage

01:08:31to find other birds of their species.

01:08:33A grizzly has an incredibly strong bite force.

01:08:35It may seem cute,

01:08:37but if you get close to this big guy,

01:08:39you'd better stay away

01:08:41from its sharp claws

01:08:43Its bite force is more than 8 million Pascals,

01:08:45which means it can crush

01:08:47a bowling ball.

01:08:49Some animals have thick stripes,

01:08:51others are more superficial.

01:08:53Tigers are part of the first group.

01:08:55Not only their fur is striped,

01:08:57but their skin is too.

01:08:59It's the same for other big fur felines

01:09:01like snow leopards.

01:09:03Giraffes and zebras

01:09:05are part of the second group

01:09:07because they have patterns

01:09:09only on their fur.

01:09:11Speaking of zebras,

01:09:13do you think they are black with white stripes

01:09:15or white with black stripes?

01:09:17At first glance,

01:09:19it seems that the second option is the right one.

01:09:21Their black stripes end mainly

01:09:23inside their legs and on their bellies

01:09:25and the rest is white.

01:09:27But it's not true.

01:09:29Surprisingly, they are black with white stripes.

01:09:31All their fur, whether white or black,

01:09:33grows from follicles

01:09:35that contain cells called melanocytes.

01:09:37All animals have these cells.

01:09:39They produce a pigment called melanin

01:09:41that gives color to their hair

01:09:43and skin.

01:09:45In zebras, chemical messages

01:09:47indicate which melanocytes send the pigment

01:09:49to which area of the fur.

01:09:51That's why zebras have a black and white pattern.

01:09:53But white is not a pure pigment.

01:09:55It's a lack of melanin.

01:09:57Black is therefore their default color.

01:09:59Koalas have fingerprints

01:10:01so close to ours

01:10:03that they could even alter crime scenes.

01:10:05Apparently, they don't have much in common

01:10:07with humans.

01:10:09But take a closer look at their hands.

01:10:11They have loops and distinctive arches

01:10:13so if a koala wants to do something illegal,

01:10:15he'd better wear gloves.

01:10:17Phantom crabs

01:10:19growl when they are in the presence

01:10:21of creatures they don't like

01:10:23or find threatening.

01:10:25They do it by using their teeth from their stomach.

01:10:27First, they let you know that they will defend themselves

01:10:29if you try something

01:10:31by showing you their claws.

01:10:33If it doesn't work,

01:10:35you can use your hands

01:10:37like dogs.

01:10:39But the noise comes from the rubbing

01:10:41of their three long and hard teeth

01:10:43inside their stomach.

01:10:45Phantom crabs make the same noise

01:10:47when they chew food.

01:10:49Speaking of teeth,

01:10:51did you know that narwhals' defenses

01:10:53are actually a kind of upside-down teeth?

01:10:55Unlike most other whales,

01:10:57narwhals are the only ones

01:10:59to have a large defense

01:11:01or teeth that grow inside their jaws.

01:11:03Narwhals have nervous endings

01:11:05that are not protected,

01:11:07which means that their defense

01:11:09is very sensitive to any kind of contact.

01:11:11It's almost like a piece of skin

01:11:13because defenses generally don't have

01:11:15a lot of nervous endings.

01:11:17Nearly 95% of humans are right-handed

01:11:19and it's the same for great dolphins.

01:11:21There are even more right-handed among them

01:11:23than among humans.

01:11:25In a research, scientists discovered

01:11:27that great dolphins turn to the left

01:11:29more than 99% of the time,

01:11:31which means that they are right-handed.

01:11:33They place their right side and their right eye

01:11:35closer to the bottom of the ocean

01:11:37when they go looking for their prey,

01:11:39such as squids, shrimps or small fish.

01:11:41Other interesting facts about the ocean.

01:11:43Did you know that humpback whales

01:11:45use bubbles when they chase their prey?

01:11:47One might think that they don't need

01:11:49any particular method given their size,

01:11:51but when they throw their prey

01:11:53into the deep waters,

01:11:55these whales team up

01:11:57and use a technique called bubble netting.

01:11:59In an ascending spiral,

01:12:01they blow bubbles underwater.

01:12:03These bubbles prevent the fish from escaping.

01:12:05The oldest evidence that we have

01:12:07of domesticated cats dates back to 12,000 years ago.

01:12:09Researchers discovered it nearly 20 years ago

01:12:11by digging in an ancient village in Cyprus.

01:12:13They found bones of cats

01:12:15right next to human bones,

01:12:17which suggests that they were close

01:12:19even when their lives were coming to an end.

01:12:21Humans were hunters,

01:12:23so they domesticated dogs first

01:12:25about 29,000 years ago.

01:12:27Dogs helped them catch

01:12:29other animals,

01:12:31but they didn't think they needed cats

01:12:33until they began to sedentary

01:12:35and stock up on food.

01:12:37Mice are often found

01:12:39in cereal warehouses,

01:12:41and cats proved to be very useful

01:12:43at this time.

01:12:45Macaws are very ingenious

01:12:47when they want to scratch themselves.

01:12:49They may be proud of their magnificent beak,

01:12:51but they obviously think

01:12:53it's not enough to scratch themselves.

01:12:55We noticed that they spontaneously

01:12:57take a small wooden stick

01:12:59to scratch a place that eats them.

01:13:01There is a special type of ant

01:13:03that only lives in a small part

01:13:05of Manhattan.

01:13:07Broadway Square,

01:13:09between 63rd and 76th Streets,

01:13:11is the place that these rampant creatures

01:13:13have decided to choose.

01:13:15The manatee ant seems to come from Europe,

01:13:17but no European species

01:13:19can really look like it.

01:13:21Hey, Potter fans,

01:13:23is this a thing like a chocolate frog?

01:13:25Well, not exactly,

01:13:27but it looks like it.

01:13:29New Guinea and Australia

01:13:31have not always been separated.

01:13:33They spent millions of years together

01:13:35until, about 12,000 years ago,

01:13:37the level of the seas separated them.

01:13:39As they stayed together for so long,

01:13:41some animals and some plants

01:13:43still live in the two regions,

01:13:45including the White Rhinos.

01:13:47These frogs have spread very far,

01:13:49and some of them,

01:13:51as well as some of the other frogs

01:13:53and swampy waterfowl

01:13:55surrounded by many crocodiles,

01:13:57seem to be in chocolate.

01:13:59We all know the Pink Flamingos

01:14:01for their particular color,

01:14:03but they are not really pink.

01:14:05They are born gray,

01:14:07and would remain so

01:14:09if they did not feed on blue algae

01:14:11and shrimp.

01:14:13These foods contain a specific natural color,

01:14:15which explains why the feathers

01:14:17of Pink Flamingos

01:14:19have lasting bonds.

01:14:21Cows also have stronger

01:14:23social bonds than we think.

01:14:25They like to socialize

01:14:27and make lasting friendships.

01:14:29A study even revealed

01:14:31that their heart rate increases

01:14:33in signs of stress

01:14:35when they are separated

01:14:37from their best friends.

01:14:39Imagine that you can simply

01:14:41freeze during the cold winter days

01:14:43instead of listening to your teeth

01:14:45and trying to close your jacket.

01:14:47The Pink Flamingos

01:14:49mainly live underwater

01:14:51and spend most of the winter

01:14:53at the bottom of a pond,

01:14:55a lake, or another pond.

01:14:57Frogs and toads

01:14:59generally have cold blood,

01:15:01which means that the temperature

01:15:03of their bodies

01:15:05adopts that of their environment.

01:15:07Thus, frogs can freeze during the winter

01:15:09due to a high concentration of sugar

01:15:11or glucose in their vital organs.

01:15:13Once thawed,

01:15:15they can move at a speed

01:15:17of 40 km per hour

01:15:19and project ink that not only

01:15:21fogs up the predator's field of vision

01:15:23but also darkens it.

01:15:25Toads also have 9 brains,

01:15:27the central brain and 8 smaller brains

01:15:29located in their arms.

01:15:31This is why their arms can open a shell

01:15:33while the central brain

01:15:35is busy doing something else.

01:15:37A toad even tastes with its arms.

01:15:39They have cells in their gills

01:15:41that allow the arm to touch and taste

01:15:43in order to detect the chemical substances

01:15:45produced by marine creatures.

01:15:47In this way, a toad can

01:15:49distinguish its prey from rocks.

01:15:51It's just an ordinary day.

01:15:53As usual, you take a shower

01:15:55before you start

01:15:57getting ready for work.

01:15:59Everything goes as planned

01:16:01until everything goes to shit.

01:16:03A clumsy gesture,

01:16:05a little water spilled on the floor

01:16:07and here you are fighting

01:16:09with your arms in the air,

01:16:11the ground shaking at a frightening speed.

01:16:13Everything turns black.

01:16:15The first thing you hear

01:16:17is a high whistle in your head.

01:16:19Ouch, your head!

01:16:21Ouch!

01:16:23You get up with caution.

01:16:25There is no blood

01:16:27and that's even better.

01:16:29What is even better

01:16:31is that the annoying noise

01:16:33stops abruptly.

01:16:35By holding your head,

01:16:37you get out of the bathroom

01:16:39and then a clear voice in your head

01:16:41says to you,

01:16:43you big clumsy!

01:16:45You turn your head with fear

01:16:47but you don't see anyone.

01:16:49There is only you and... Milo?

01:16:51You probably hit your head

01:16:53harder than you thought.

01:16:55You raise your shoulders

01:16:57and you go to the kitchen.

01:16:59Milo follows you.

01:17:01You hear incessant snoring.

01:17:03Why can he sleep in the room

01:17:05when I am forbidden to stay?

01:17:07Milo is too lazy.

01:17:09Should I scratch the sofa

01:17:11or leave a mouse on his pillow?

01:17:13The first thought that comes to mind

01:17:15is, are there mice in the house?

01:17:17The second is more relevant.

01:17:19I'm losing the ball.

01:17:21Great!

01:17:23In automatic driving mode,

01:17:25you pour a little milk into Milo's bowl

01:17:27and you fill another one with croquettes.

01:17:29The cat doesn't seem satisfied

01:17:31with your speed,

01:17:33if we believe his...

01:17:35Ok,

01:17:37now you will have to live

01:17:39knowing that your beloved cat Milo

01:17:41actually has the character

01:17:43of a grumpy old man.

01:17:45You decide to lock yourself

01:17:47in the bathroom again

01:17:49because you start to feel exhausted.

01:17:51You sit heavily on the toilet cover

01:17:53and you miss falling from your throne

01:17:55upside down when you hear

01:17:57noisy arguments.

01:17:59After looking around you,

01:18:01you discover that apparently

01:18:03there are not only mice

01:18:05but also cockroaches in your house.

01:18:07Simply amazing!

01:18:09Currently, you have your eyes fixed

01:18:11on a couple of these insects

01:18:13who seem to be fighting.

01:18:15At least one of them accuses the other of...

01:18:17Wait, what? Cheating?

01:18:19You've heard enough.

01:18:21You are about to leave the bathroom

01:18:23when you hear a BANG!

01:18:25In the bathroom, you find your cat on the floor

01:18:27under a broken flower pot.

01:18:29The worst part is that he looks really injured.

01:18:31He keeps moaning and meowing.

01:18:33I'm in pain! I'm in pain!

01:18:35My leg! Ouch! Ouch!

01:18:37But the sofa can't be left

01:18:39without scratches today.

01:18:41You catch Milo,

01:18:43push him into his van

01:18:45Hey, watch out, biped!

01:18:47and you head to the clinic.

01:18:49On the way, you have to concentrate

01:18:51hard to block the noise

01:18:53of the countless voices harassing you.

01:18:55The vet's waiting room is full.

01:18:57You'll have to wait a long time.

01:18:59Half an hour later,

01:19:01your head is ready to explode.

01:19:05You discover that this yellow python

01:19:07is suspiciously interested

01:19:09in the hamster that the girl

01:19:11in the corner is holding against her chest.

01:19:13So...

01:19:15So pretty!

01:19:17The hamster is worried about his reserve of nuts.

01:19:19Where did I hide them?

01:19:21Where? Where? Where?

01:19:23A little dog with a damaged leg

01:19:25is afraid of needles.

01:19:27If this pointy thing gets close to me again,

01:19:29they'll regret it.

01:19:31I'll destroy everyone on my way.

01:19:33Your turn has finally come.

01:19:35The vet invites you to her office

01:19:37and you lean to pick up Milo

01:19:39when a desperate young man

01:19:41makes an eruption in the room.

01:19:43My hamster, what's wrong with him?

01:19:45The vet looks at you

01:19:47apologizing, but you are

01:19:49focused on the hamster.

01:19:51He looks weak,

01:19:53but you manage to understand the words

01:19:55of his heart.

01:19:57When you tell the vet and the anxious owner

01:19:59that the hamster ate chocolate,

01:20:01which is actually a poison for dogs,

01:20:03they look at you with a funny look

01:20:05and disappear into the doctor's office.

01:20:07Some time later,

01:20:09the guy comes out holding the dog

01:20:11who looks much better than before.

01:20:13When they're gone, the vet turns to you.

01:20:15How did you figure out that this dog

01:20:17had eaten chocolate? Oh, here we are!

01:20:19You decide that honesty

01:20:21is the best strategy

01:20:23and you tell the vet that you can understand

01:20:25what the animals are saying.

01:20:27Of course, she doesn't believe you.

01:20:31You have to make an effort to persuade her,

01:20:33but with the help of two other dogs,

01:20:35Milo and an old squirrel,

01:20:37you manage to make her believe

01:20:39what you're saying.

01:20:41When you get home,

01:20:43your head is spinning

01:20:45and you are very hungry.

01:20:47You only think of eggs and bacon.

01:20:49Yum!

01:20:51Wait, bacon?

01:20:53But it's...

01:20:55Oh-oh, apparently from today

01:20:57you've become a vegetarian.

01:20:59Anyway,

01:21:01that's when everything changes.

01:21:03You don't know how it happened,

01:21:05but you become famous

01:21:07overnight.

01:21:09The next morning, a loud noise wakes you up

01:21:11and it's not like animals

01:21:13were talking to you.

01:21:15You look out the window and you see

01:21:17a crowd of people gathered around your house.

01:21:19Some are journalists,

01:21:21but others are owners of pets

01:21:23who came to ask you for help.

01:21:27Milo is not happy.

01:21:29While growling non-stop

01:21:31and calling you by all the names,

01:21:33he bites your leg and takes refuge under the stairs.

01:21:35And you,

01:21:37you go out of your house to talk to people

01:21:39and answer questions from journalists.

01:21:41In the evening, you are exhausted,

01:21:43but also happy.

01:21:45You saved several animals today.

01:21:47They had serious health problems

01:21:49and psychological disorders

01:21:51that their owner could not solve alone.

01:21:53Lying in your bed in the dark,

01:21:55you think about

01:21:57how you could use your powers.

01:21:59That's when your plan

01:22:01takes shape.

01:22:03Soon, you become the specialist

01:22:05in animal care

01:22:07the most renowned in the world.

01:22:09You listen to the animals talk about their problems,

01:22:11you relieve them of their depression,

01:22:13and you help them solve misunderstandings

01:22:15with their owner.

01:22:17TV shows invite you for interviews.

01:22:19Your YouTube channel develops every day.

01:22:21People recognize you in the street

01:22:23and ask you to take pictures with them.

01:22:25You travel the world.

01:22:27You help endangered species

01:22:29and give lectures.

01:22:31You open veterinary clinics

01:22:33all over the world

01:22:35and invite the best professionals to work there.

01:22:37You never feel alone.

01:22:39There is always someone to talk to

01:22:41or listen to.

01:22:43At least a few birds

01:22:45when you walk in the park

01:22:47or a few fish

01:22:49when you have a rare moment of rest on the beach.

01:22:51At the same time,

01:22:53you have become aware of the number of animals

01:22:55begging for help,

01:22:57but no one can hear them.

01:22:59You then decide to take on

01:23:01the role of their spokesperson.

01:23:03It turns out that you are now famous

01:23:05not only in the world of humans

01:23:07but also in that of animals.

01:23:09They are grateful

01:23:11for the many natural disasters

01:23:13that are about to happen on the planet.

01:23:15You have heard

01:23:17that animals could predict

01:23:19earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

01:23:21And if before people had to make efforts

01:23:23to notice the unusual behavior

01:23:25of certain species,

01:23:27now animals simply

01:23:29transmit information

01:23:31about what is going to happen and where.

01:23:33With time, you notice

01:23:35that you spend less time among people

01:23:37and more time with animals.

01:23:39Together, you plan campaigns

01:23:41against zoos, circuses and other places

01:23:43where animals are held against their will.

01:23:45And then one day,

01:23:47the unthinkable happens.

01:23:49You go home

01:23:51when a black truck stops next to you.

01:23:53Several masked guys catch you

01:23:55and push you inside.

01:23:57The doors close behind you.

01:23:59Inside,

01:24:01you discover that several influential people

01:24:03are not happy with your activity.

01:24:05You realize

01:24:07that your trip is not going to end well.

01:24:09The guys blindfold you

01:24:11and drive you somewhere.

01:24:13But at some point, you lose your footing

01:24:15and hit your head against something.

01:24:17Very hard!

01:24:19You open your eyes. Milo stands above you

01:24:21and looks at your extended body

01:24:23with a certain indifference.

01:24:25And then the most terrible thing

01:24:27happens.

01:24:29He meows what looks like an entire sentence,

01:24:31turns around

01:24:33and gets out of the bathroom.

01:24:35You don't understand a single meowing

01:24:37of what he says.

01:24:39Was it all just a dream?

01:24:41It turns out that sea stars

01:24:43don't have a head.

01:24:45They are the head.

01:24:47When you look at a sea star,

01:24:49you probably think it has only five arms.

01:24:51Scientists have always been curious

01:24:53to know why sea stars looked like that

01:24:55and, in particular, where their heads really were.

01:24:57Most creatures, including us,

01:24:59have bilaterally symmetrical bodies.

01:25:01This means that you can

01:25:03draw a line in the middle

01:25:05and get two sides that correspond.

01:25:07But sea stars, as well as flat urchins

01:25:09and sea anemones, are different.

01:25:11They have a radial symmetry,

01:25:13which means that their bodies

01:25:15have identical parts

01:25:17but distributed from the center.

01:25:19Sea stars, or asteris,

01:25:21are particular because of this

01:25:23symmetry with five branches.

01:25:25And they can be divided into five equal parts.

01:25:27To make this discovery,

01:25:29scientists used a technique

01:25:31called ARN tomography,

01:25:33which helps study genes.

01:25:35They focused on those

01:25:37that determined the outer layer,

01:25:39including the nervous system.

01:25:41Surprisingly, the associated genes

01:25:43were active in the head of the sea star

01:25:45as well as in its arms.

01:25:47However, the genes linked to the trunk

01:25:49were barely active.

01:25:51This suggests that sea stars

01:25:53have a unique separation

01:25:55between their heads and their bodies.

01:25:57The study raised new questions

01:25:59about sea creatures

01:26:01and what their ancestors with trunks

01:26:03could have looked like

01:26:05based on their fossils.

01:26:07It also showed that the genes

01:26:09active in the nervous system

01:26:11of an anteropneus

01:26:13were also active in the skin

01:26:15of the sea star,

01:26:17covering its entire body.

01:26:19These genes are the most active

01:26:21in the center of each arm,

01:26:23changing to the extremity

01:26:25to look more like the genes

01:26:27All this questioned

01:26:29our conception of their anatomy.

01:26:33There is a rumor

01:26:35that Paul McCartney

01:26:37recorded an ultrasonic whistling

01:26:39for his Shetland shepherd

01:26:41at the end of the Beatles' song

01:26:43A Day in the Life.

01:26:45Dogs can perceive these ultrasounds

01:26:47because their hearing is phenomenal.

01:26:49To move a single ear,

01:26:51they must call on 18 different muscles.

01:26:53This allows them to quickly locate

01:26:55and it is another skill

01:26:57where they surpass us by far.

01:26:59Their incredible ears

01:27:01sometimes cast a shadow

01:27:03on their trunks.

01:27:05The odor of dogs

01:27:07is up to 100,000 times

01:27:09sharper than that of humans.

01:27:11When we only have

01:27:13about 5 million olfactory receptors,

01:27:15a hunting dog can count

01:27:17up to 300 million.

01:27:19Another study has shown

01:27:21that dogs and great dolphins

01:27:23make their names

01:27:25when they are separated.

01:27:27This would make them

01:27:29the first animals known for this.

01:27:31These studies have shown

01:27:33that dolphins reproduced

01:27:35the characteristic whistling

01:27:37of one of their own

01:27:39when they were away

01:27:41from their congeners.

01:27:43In the recordings

01:27:45of the research program

01:27:47on Sarasota dolphins,

01:27:49pairs of dolphins

01:27:51are often seen

01:27:53with their heads

01:27:55positioned upside down.

01:27:57This distinctive behavior

01:27:59is linked to the anatomy

01:28:01of their mouths

01:28:03and to the mechanics

01:28:05of their long, elegant necks.

01:28:07These birds are filter animals

01:28:09that use their tongues

01:28:11as effective tamis

01:28:13to sort food.

01:28:15When a dolphin dips its neck

01:28:17in the water,

01:28:19it skillfully swallows

01:28:21the water through

01:28:23extensions in the form

01:28:25of a comb along it.

01:28:27It also uses its tongue

01:28:29to expel the water

01:28:31while retaining all

01:28:33the collected food.

01:28:35If you have watched

01:28:37the film The Wisdom of the Peacock,

01:28:39you may already know

01:28:41that they are able

01:28:43to make links with humans.

01:28:45But this time,

01:28:47the peacock

01:28:49is able to use

01:28:51human blood

01:28:53to make a link

01:28:55between humans

01:28:57and dolphins.

01:28:59This link

01:29:01is also

01:29:03linked

01:29:05by the fact

01:29:07that the peacock

01:29:09is able to make

01:29:11a link

01:29:13between humans

01:29:15their way. They are known to feign death when their life is threatened. If they are

01:29:20confronted with predators, the Opossums try to intimidate their enemies by showing their

01:29:26claws, whistling and groaning. However, when all these tactics fail, the Opossums

01:29:32resign themselves to closing their eyes, and collapse on the side to pretend to be dead.

01:29:36To perfect the illusion, an Opossum can also drool, let his tongue hang and even

01:29:41get on it to better believe in a sudden death. It is remarkable that Opossums can

01:29:46maintain such a state for several hours, waiting to be sure that the threat has disappeared.

01:29:51Monkeys can be very noisy when they call each other. But the cry of the screaming monkey

01:29:59can travel about 5 km if the right conditions are met. Males are generally

01:30:04noisier than females. This sound is actually created by pulling air through the space

01:30:09of a large bone located in the animal's throat. This bone is larger in males than

01:30:13in females. And that's why males scream louder. Polar bears have black skin under

01:30:22all this fur. Their white and fluffy coat is actually translucent. It only looks white

01:30:28because it reflects the visible light and the skin itself is deep black. These

01:30:32plantigrades are just as impressive when it comes to swimming. They can reach a

01:30:37top speed of 10 km per hour in the water, which is rather fast for such large creatures.

01:30:42They can swim for miles and continue for hours. Their big legs are made for

01:30:48swimming. They use them to rummage in the water while their hind legs remain straight

01:30:53and act as a guide, helping them to move. Since we went to see the polar bears,

01:30:59we could just as well add a romantic effect to the manchos. The Papu and Adélie manchos

01:31:05put themselves forward with generous proposals. They offer their potential partners precious

01:31:10pebbles, essential in view of the construction of their nests in the desolate landscapes of

01:31:15Antarctica. If the mancho female accepts this pebble, they are bound for life and ready to

01:31:20mate. Another study revealed that our adorable domestic cats share more than 95% of their

01:31:26genetic heritage with tigers. These charming hairy balls also reproduced many

01:31:32behaviors of their wild parents, such as marking their territory with their smell and

01:31:37the classic tracking and leaping as a game. Biologically, however, the brain of a cat

01:31:44is quite similar to that of a human. We share identical emotional regions in our

01:31:48brains. Cats can also produce up to 100 different sounds.

01:31:52The manchos have tubes, or cylinders, eyepieces. These elongated-shaped eyes do not make the same

01:32:02movement as our ocular globes. Our eyes can move in almost all directions.

01:32:06The manchos, they, must make a complete tour through their body or their head to

01:32:12look around them. All this because of their night vision. To master the art of seeing in

01:32:17the dark, they need large corneas capable of collecting each particle of light.

01:32:22Most nocturnal animals, such as lorillas or tarsiers, have huge eyes to

01:32:28handle this task. But the manchos have small skulls, so that their eyes cannot grow any

01:32:33larger. The manchos are known for their ability to survive, and a key reason for this lies in

01:32:42their unique brain structure. They have two brains, one in their head and one more

01:32:47rudimentary at the level of their abdomen. If they are so difficult to catch, it is because

01:32:53these beasts react extremely quickly. They have small hairs on their hindlegs,

01:32:58which can feel the slightest breeze. When these hairs braid, the mancho does not waste time,

01:33:03it instantly goes into evasion mode. Research has shown that a mancho could

01:33:09react in just one twentieth of a second. So, the moment we turn on the light or catch

01:33:15something to crush it, the mancho is already moving at full speed. Cats can

01:33:21have dreams. Sometimes, you can see the moustaches of your stray cat or its paws

01:33:25giving little kicks while it sleeps. This does not necessarily mean that your animal is having a

01:33:29nightmare. Just take an interest in human sleep to get an idea of what is going on

01:33:34with our feline friends. During paradoxical sleep, or REM, our brain becomes very active,

01:33:40almost as much as it wakes up. This is also the ideal time to dream. REM sleep is thus

01:33:47named because of the rapid movements that our eyes make under our eyelids. But while our

01:33:51eyes can move, the rest of our body remains still. The emphasis is put on what is going on

01:33:56in our heads. This is also true for cats. Apart from a movement here and there, cats

01:34:01generally do not move much when they purr. Well, let's be realistic. We humans,

01:34:08we are rather ordinary. We are not superheroes with superpowers, are we?

01:34:14What? You were not aware? The animal world, on the other hand, has a lot of superheroes.

01:34:22Some creatures go and go eternally, others seem to make fun of the laws of gravity.

01:34:27Others are still immune to venom, and others can finally run on water.

01:34:33Some of them will give you chills. The first superpower on the list is the

01:34:38ability to live without water. Kangaroo rats can run out of water for years. In fact,

01:34:44it does not bother them to live without water. Humans, on the other hand, can only survive

01:34:49three days without water. Human, 0, rat, kangaroo, 1. These little animals live in

01:34:56extremely arid desert areas and must draw water from the seeds and plants they eat.

01:35:01Although this may seem a little worrying, kangaroo rats also know how to extract water

01:35:07from their urine before going to the toilet. Thus, they do not lose a single drop of this

01:35:12precious moisture. This could prove useful during sports events.

01:35:16Let me now introduce you to the Peter Parker of the animal world. Absolutely. It looks like

01:35:22Spider-Man is very real, but he is not human. Here is a gecko lizard, or more simply a

01:35:27gecko. This creature has the wonderful ability to climb on all kinds of vertical surfaces

01:35:32and can even walk on the ceiling. This feat that defies the laws of gravity is possible

01:35:38thanks to the unique plantar cushion of the lizard, covered with tiny hairs. They can

01:35:43hang on almost all surfaces, whether smooth, hard, rough or soft.

01:35:48Another funny fact about these lizards is that they do not have eyelids. So they always keep

01:35:55one eye wide open on what is happening around them. If you wonder how they protect their eyes,

01:36:01here is the answer. Their eyes are covered with a transparent membrane, the cornea. Of course,

01:36:08they cannot close their eyes, and if they have something in their eye, they simply lick it.

01:36:13Of course, it is true. They clean their eyeballs by licking them. One can imagine that this is another superpower.

01:36:20Supersonic superpowers? Yes, of course. A subtropical shrimp of about 2.5 cm

01:36:27disorients its prey with a shock wave. Despite its modest size, the pistol shrimp is one of the

01:36:34noisiest marine animals. When the shrimp makes its claws snap, it makes a noise as loud as a sonic boom.

01:36:41Naturally, this sound stuns the prey, and the shrimp can catch it without much effort. In the world of comics,

01:36:48there is venom. In the animal world, there is a type that can be called anti-venom. Opossums are

01:36:55known for their very practical trick, which consists of pretending to be dead when a predator attacks them.

01:37:01But that's not all. These animals are also immune to snake venom and viper pelliade.

01:37:08The secret lies in a peptide that helps opossums neutralize dangerous chemical substances.

01:37:14This is why snakes are one of the favorite snacks of the opossum's diet.

01:37:20Their diet also consists of a curious element, ticks. An opossum can catch about 5,000 ticks per season,

01:37:28and most of them are taken on their own body. Imagine a fish so famous that it is called a dangerous fish.

01:37:36It is the Mbenga, which literally translates as dangerous fish in Swahili. This monster lives in fresh water,

01:37:43and does not hesitate to eat a crocodile. Not an entire crocodile, but the Mbenga can easily take a bite.

01:37:51Finally, to be honest, Mbengas are afraid of crocodiles, just like crocodiles are afraid of Mbengas.

01:37:58You are watching this video with the same intention, aren't you? Well, all the gadgets we own, we owe them in a certain way to electric crickets.

01:38:07All gadgets have batteries, and crickets contributed a lot to the invention of an electric battery in 1800.

01:38:14I know, I know, batteries have changed in an unrecognizable way since then, but still, the first electric battery was invented thanks to electric crickets.

01:38:25Anyway, if you see one and you want to thank it for its magnificent invention, avoid doing it.

01:38:31The problem is that they can deliver shocks up to 860 volts. You don't want to experience it.

01:38:39Now let's talk about the Dracula tale of the animal kingdom. No, I'm not talking about bats. I'm talking about the crocodile vampire fish.

01:38:47These fish are known under the name of Payara and have long tails that protrude from their lower jaws. This is why some people associate them with vampires.

01:38:56Hippos are the gurus of beauty since they know how to save a fortune on skin care.

01:39:04Living under the harsh African sun, these secret animals have a red oily substance resembling sweat that evaporates and keeps the body of the animals cool.

01:39:14In addition, this liquid serves both moisturizing creams, sunscreen and antibiotics, but they are not the only ones to have such a superpower.

01:39:24Hippos also know how to produce a natural sunscreen, but they use it to protect their eyes.

01:39:32These are amino acid pigments, and these pigments act like special filters that also contribute to the clarity of their vision.

01:39:41This is what I call multitasking.

01:39:44Hippos have dark spots around their eyes, which makes them even cuter.

01:39:49But these black circles are not only there to make our friends even more adorable. They also act as integrated sunglasses.

01:39:58The dark fur of the spots blocks the burning sun, which allows hippos to look directly at the sky.

01:40:05In addition, thanks to this, the sentry, a surrogate that watches birds and other predators, can easily see the danger and alert his companions.

01:40:16Wild goats are famous for their climbing skills, but it is the Alps' bouquetin, in northern Italy, which is the champion.

01:40:24This animal can climb almost all vertical surfaces, thus defying several laws of physics.

01:40:31It is interesting to note that the animals that walk on the walls of the steepest cliffs are generally sea goats, accompanied by their young.

01:40:39Big males prefer to keep their distance and use flat horizontal surfaces. They are clever.

01:40:47Hippos are skilled navigators who could embarrass most drivers.

01:40:52However, this competition would not be fair. After all, hippos can feel the magnetic field of the planet and use it to navigate if they get lost.

01:41:02If you have trouble navigating in the city, a hippo could help you.

01:41:07Do not forget to tie the aquarium.

01:41:10Some animals protect themselves with venom or vile bites, while others use chemical tricks to protect themselves.

01:41:19Listen to this. Some species of millipedes produce hydrogen cyanide and lecithin when they feel threatened.

01:41:27Hydrogen cyanide is inodorous, but very toxic.

01:41:31A single small millipede can not seriously injure you, but you may have burns, or even clots if your skin is sensitive.

01:41:39In addition, to make the picture even more frightening, some millipedes shine in the dark.

01:41:45So be careful. And if you see a bright spot at night, save yourself as soon as possible.

01:41:52When the millipede feels threatened, it sprays a burning liquid from the end of its abdomen, emitting a dry noise.

01:42:00As soon as the lepidopterus feels a danger, a chemical reaction occurs in special tanks located in its abdomen.

01:42:07The heat released by this process almost reaches the boiling point, and also produces a special gas that triggers the ejection.

01:42:15This super protection is generally fatal for attacking insects.

01:42:19I imagine.

01:42:20Lizards, Jesus Christ, have the strange ability to run on water.

01:42:25First of all, their hind legs are equipped with long toes, whose skin fringes can spread over the water.

01:42:32Thus, a larger surface of the lizard's foot is in contact with the water.

01:42:36Then, when they run on the water, their legs move at an incredible speed.

01:42:41This creates small air pockets that impatiently annoy the animal and keep it on the surface.

01:42:47Peacocks may not always be very interesting, but that does not make them less surprising.

01:42:52These tiny animals can jump about 50 times the length of their body.

01:42:58If people could do so much, we would be able to jump approximately 1.5 km in the air.

01:43:04Well, let's try.

01:43:06The most curious thing about the amazing ability of lizards is that they shoot most of the power of their jumps from their toes, and not from their knees.

01:43:15What is your favorite animal superpower?

01:43:17I vote for the raccoon.

01:43:19I don't like to wait in line to go to the bathroom.

01:43:22I have some great news for you.

01:43:24Rats are ticklish.

01:43:26In any case, it was news for me.

01:43:28Anyway, they have what is called a laugh center in their middle brain.

01:43:33And they activate when someone tickles their animals, or when they go out for fun and playful activities.

01:43:40Researchers discovered this in 2016, after tickling the stomach of rodents and listening to their little squeaks.

01:43:48Hummingbirds are the only birds we knew that could fly backwards.

01:43:53They do it mainly when they want to get away from the flowers.

01:43:56And here is an animal that is unable to move back.

01:43:59The kangaroo.

01:44:00They can jump and travel long distances, but the structure of their powerful hind legs and their large tails prevents them from walking backwards.

01:44:10Narwhals are these strange creatures that look like some kind of sea unicorn.

01:44:15This horn on their head is not a defense.

01:44:18It's a huge tooth that comes out through the upper lip of the male narwhals.

01:44:22This tooth probably plays a role in their nuptial parade.

01:44:26Pink flamingos are not really pink.

01:44:28They are born gray.

01:44:30But during their lifetime, they eat a lot of algae and other foods containing a red-orange pigment that we know as beta-carotene.

01:44:39This pigment is decomposed and ends up in their skin and feathers, making them pink.

01:44:45They have to eat a lot of these foods to stay that way.

01:44:48If we humans wanted to change the color of our skin, we would not be able to eat enough beta-carotene foods to become really pink or, in our case, completely orange.

01:45:01The lazy ones are really slow.

01:45:03All the jokes and references to their subject are true.

01:45:06But they are also very skilled swimmers.

01:45:09And they move in the water three to four times faster than on land.

01:45:13They can do the breaststroke just like humans.

01:45:16And it's an important skill for them because they are tropical animals living mainly in the jungle.

01:45:21And these areas are often flooded.

01:45:23Tigers are the largest members of the feline family.

01:45:26And yes, even larger than lions.

01:45:29Then, no tiger has the same stripes.

01:45:32Their fur is actually a camouflage.

01:45:34Which is useful when they need to find the ideal spot where their prey will not see them.

01:45:39It is interesting to note that their skin is also striped.

01:45:42Not only their fur.

01:45:44And their stripes are also unique.

01:45:47Even if they look rather innocent and funny, you would not want to disturb an ornithorynchus.

01:45:52These wild animals are among the few mammal species capable of poisoning you.

01:45:57They have ergos on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.

01:46:02They are not so powerful to be killed.

01:46:05But it is possible to kill them.

01:46:07And it is also possible to kill them.

01:46:10They have ergos on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.

01:46:13They are not so powerful to be killed.

01:46:15But it is possible to kill them.

01:46:17And it is possible to kill them.

01:46:21When an ornithorynchus has to defend itself against potential predators.

01:46:25It starts by bleeding its knees.

01:46:27It is not real blood coming out of its joints.

01:46:30It is a particular chemical substance that smells very bad.

01:46:34And therefore repels predators.

01:46:37They are another mechanism that helps them survive in the pitiful animal kingdom.

01:46:41Their specific color.

01:46:43Predators do not really like bright-colored combinations such as red, orange and black.

01:46:48Because they know that colored creatures in this way can have an awful taste.

01:46:55Ornithorynchus can be extremely noisy in the morning.

01:46:58But they do not become deaf.

01:47:00Because they do not even hear how loud their cries can be.

01:47:04What protects them.

01:47:05These are some kind of integrated ski balls.

01:47:08Hens have a similar system that reduces the risk of hearing loss.

01:47:12Not only do they have this protection.

01:47:14But they can also repel their cochlear cells.

01:47:18If they are damaged in just a few days.

01:47:21Hibou do not really have eye globes.

01:47:23They have something that looks more like eye tubes.

01:47:27And they can not move them from left to right as we can do with our eyes.

01:47:32This is why these birds have incredibly flexible necks.

01:47:35They are able to turn their heads at 270 degrees.

01:47:39In comparison, humans can only turn theirs at 180.

01:47:43This is why hibou have a specific system of blood vessels in their heads.

01:47:48It brings fresh blood to the brain.

01:47:50If a bird turns its head too quickly and cuts its circulation.

01:47:57Swim straight in front of you.

01:47:59You may remember the way Dory, the blue surgeon fish, sang it in Nemo's world.

01:48:05Dory was not a shark.

01:48:07But it is a message that some species of sharks must take at the foot of the letter.

01:48:12The small sharks.

01:48:14The big white sharks.

01:48:16Baleen sharks and other species of fish continue to drown all the time.

01:48:21Otherwise, they stop breathing.

01:48:24We use our lungs to breathe.

01:48:28And some sharks use a method called buccal pump.

01:48:33This means that they swim with their mouths open.

01:48:36In this way, they allow water to flow through their gills.

01:48:41And therefore to extract oxygen.

01:48:43The most dangerous animal on our planet is not a bear.

01:48:46A shark or a tiger with sharp teeth.

01:48:49It is something much smaller.

01:48:51The mosquito.

01:48:53Not only is it extremely irritating.

01:48:55But it also transmits serious diseases such as yellow fever, malaria or dengue.

01:49:01Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are killed by such diseases.

01:49:06Mosquitoes also outnumber all other creatures around the world.

01:49:11Except termites and ants.

01:49:16Grizzlies are incredibly strong animals.

01:49:19With a powerful bite.

01:49:21Able to crush a bowling ball.

01:49:24This is why they are not allowed in the bowling halls.

01:49:28Despite this, they are essentially small eaters.

01:49:31They are strong enough to make their meal everything they meet.

01:49:35Including a bison, an elk or a caribou.

01:49:38But they always like to nibble their fruit, nuts and other berries.

01:49:42Even a little unlucky mouse that would get lost to end up in the predator's mouth.

01:49:47The desert taipan is the most venomous snake on the planet.

01:49:51We also know it by the name of Oxuranus microlepidotus.

01:49:55He lives in Australia.

01:49:57A single bite secretes enough venom to prove fatal to at least a hundred adult humans.

01:50:03And half an hour is enough if you have nothing to treat the bite immediately.

01:50:07It is said that these snakes are most often shy and prefer to worry about their own business.

01:50:12But like other animals, they will attack if they feel threatened or provoked.

01:50:18There is a type of turtle that can stay alive for months under the ice, breathing through its back.

01:50:24When it gets colder, some animals can't find a safe place to stay.

01:50:29So they have to survive in harsh winter conditions wherever they are.

01:50:34And while the bees are comfortable in their nests and the owls sleep in caves,

01:50:39the painted turtles have no choice but to stay in their frozen tanks.

01:50:43As the ice limits their access to the air, they directly extract the oxygen from the water and breathe through their backs.

01:50:50Yes, I admit that it would be very practical.

01:50:53It is well known that crows are incredibly intelligent animals.

01:50:57They excel in problem solving.

01:51:00But it seems that they also have an impressive social intelligence.

01:51:04They are very in tune with their feelings as well as with the emotions of their companions.

01:51:10If a crow in the group feels moody, it is likely that it also attracts others.

01:51:16A real joy.

01:51:18When they see a bird that doesn't like certain food and expresses it very vividly,

01:51:23they also lose all interest in their own food.

01:51:30The pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest animals in the world, even if it is tiny.

01:51:35Only 1 meter, about 900 meters long.

01:51:38When it detects a prey, it opens its big claw, which can reach up to half the length of its own body,

01:51:45at least between 1 and 2 meters high.

01:51:47Then, it closes the claw very quickly,

01:51:50which projects an extremely powerful jet of bullets,

01:51:53almost 200 kilometers per hour.

01:51:55These bullets can stun or even kill the prey that the shrimp is trying to catch.

01:52:00And when the bubbles burst, they produce a surprisingly loud detonation of more than 210 decibels.

01:52:08Crocodiles are even more frightening than we thought,

01:52:11because many of them can gallop like goats.

01:52:14They probably inherited this ability from their ancient ancestors Crocodilomorphs,

01:52:19who were as clumsy as cats, had long legs,

01:52:23and could run at a speed of about 18 kilometers per hour.

01:52:27The smallest crocodiles gallop most often when something pursues them.

01:52:32But caimans and alligators obviously do not need to use this skill.

01:52:37You are the most likely to take your legs by surprise when you see them.

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