Les dents d'écureuil sont orange et + de 100 faits fascinants sur les animaux à chercher sur Google
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FunTranscript
00:00:00The teeth of the squirrels never stop growing, but the animals use them by eating nuts and other hard foods.
00:00:06The front of the teeth of the rodents is actually orange.
00:00:09It's because they are covered with a special and resistant mesh.
00:00:12I bet you're glad you don't have to deal with that.
00:00:15Some species of birds are not afraid of biting strong peppers.
00:00:19It's because they can't feel the spiciness.
00:00:22Peppers burn your mouth because they contain a special chemical product, capsaicin.
00:00:27But birds don't have the necessary taste buds to feel the effects.
00:00:31The horn of the rhinoceros is made of hair, or at least the same protein as the one that makes up your hair and nails.
00:00:38This protein is called keratin.
00:00:41Such a horn is quite unique, since other animals have horns with a bone center.
00:00:46The woodpecker can peck wood 20 times per second.
00:00:49This rate is almost too high for the human eye to notice it.
00:00:53How much wood would a woodpecker peck if a woodpecker could peck wood?
00:00:57The number of woodpeckers often reaches a total of 8,000 to 12,000 per day.
00:01:02The starfish has eyes, one at the end of each of its arms.
00:01:06Its eyes are groups of light-sensitive cells.
00:01:10Frogs don't need to drink water.
00:01:12It's their skin that allows them to hydrate by absorbing water, while providing them with the oxygen they need to breathe.
00:01:19This could save time.
00:01:21Most caterpillars have about 4,000 muscles in their body, and nearly 250 of them are in the head alone.
00:01:29Christmas tree branches are much more beautiful than you can imagine.
00:01:33But even if these little trees look great,
00:01:36two-thirds of the body of the worm is hidden in a tube of calcium carbonate.
00:01:41And what's the point? Well, to be honest, I don't know.
00:01:44The famous rhinoceros' fangs are actually their teeth that are, in a way, twisted.
00:01:49These sea unicorns only have two teeth.
00:01:51In males, one of them goes through the upper lip.
00:01:54Unlike your teeth, this one is hard on the inside, and sensitive and tender on the outside.
00:02:00Ants don't have teeth, but that's not a problem.
00:02:04This creature has a super long tongue.
00:02:07This tongue allows the animal to lick more than 35,000 termites and ants a day.
00:02:12It's one way or another to appease hunger.
00:02:15The flea can jump more than 200 times the length of its body.
00:02:19If humans had this ability, they would jump as high as the Empire State Building.
00:02:25The eggs of the reindeer with red eyes can hatch earlier if they feel that their environment is not safe.
00:02:31Small animals with rapid metabolism see in slow motion.
00:02:35This helps them escape larger creatures.
00:02:38Koalas' fingerprints are very, very similar to that of humans.
00:02:43Sometimes the fingerprints of these animals are even confused with ours on crime scenes.
00:02:48Probably just in Australia.
00:02:50The sweat of the hippopotamus is pink, and it's not really sweat.
00:02:54It's an oily, reddish liquid.
00:02:56Its function is not to cool the body, but to moisturize the skin and protect it.
00:03:00This fluid also works as an antibiotic.
00:03:03So if you have a sunburn or a cut, you can get hippopotamus ointment.
00:03:08The skin of polar bears is black, and the fur of their fur is hollow and almost transparent.
00:03:14These animals have fur that grows even on the lower part of their legs.
00:03:18This gives them a better grip on the ice and protects them from the cold.
00:03:22Some species of tarantula, among the largest spiders in the world, can live without food for more than two years.
00:03:29I always find them scary.
00:03:32Ornithorhynchus close their eyes when they kiss.
00:03:35I mean, when they swim.
00:03:37They have special skin folds that cover their ears and eyes.
00:03:40They prevent water from entering inside.
00:03:43The nostrils of these animals are also waterproof.
00:03:46Mammals can't walk backwards.
00:03:48But scientists don't know why.
00:03:50These birds that don't fly are the only ones with calf muscles.
00:03:53Mammals can sprint very quickly.
00:03:56They can also walk long distances.
00:03:58But they can't walk backwards.
00:04:01Crocodiles can't move their tongue because it's attached to the palate of their mouth.
00:04:06It keeps the throat closed and protects the animal's respiratory tract.
00:04:10Water snakes, dolphins, whales, alligators, crocodiles and turtles can drown.
00:04:17This happens if they stay submerged for too long.
00:04:20These animals can't breathe in the water.
00:04:22They can only hold their breath for a very long time.
00:04:25Only one species of bird can fly backwards.
00:04:27These are hummingbirds.
00:04:29So let's talk about moths.
00:04:31These little birds can also flap their wings up to 80 times per second.
00:04:35Despite the appearance of hummingbirds,
00:04:37these little animals are more closely related to elephants than to moths.
00:04:41Maybe that's why they have such a nasal appendix.
00:04:45Hummingbirds and elephants use it to nibble on insects.
00:04:49Cats and other felines can't taste sweet foods.
00:04:53They don't have the necessary taste buds for that.
00:04:56Too bad, it does more for me.
00:04:58Pink flames can only eat with their head down.
00:05:02That's why the lower part of their beak is massive,
00:05:05while the upper part is mobile.
00:05:07Such a disposition is perfect to feed the head down.
00:05:11But it's the opposite of what other birds have.
00:05:14It's not easy to be pink.
00:05:16The tiger's skin is as striped as their fur.
00:05:19That's all I have to say about that.
00:05:21When the toucans sleep, they curl up into pretty tight balls.
00:05:26These birds turn their heads so that their tails cover their heads
00:05:29and the beak rests on the back.
00:05:31So yes, they curl up into balls.
00:05:33The ostrich has the largest eyes in the animal kingdom.
00:05:36They are more massive than the bird's brain.
00:05:39Each eye is as big as a billiard ball.
00:05:42That's why clown fish are born sick.
00:05:44But in some circumstances, they can turn into females.
00:05:48This change is irreversible.
00:05:50Unlike most fish,
00:05:52when hippos mate, they do it for life.
00:05:55Even cuter, when partners travel,
00:05:58they move side by side and often hang on to each other's tails.
00:06:02The male usually ends up carrying the luggage.
00:06:05Termites never sleep.
00:06:07They don't need to recharge their batteries.
00:06:09But they can eat 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
00:06:12And they eat at home.
00:06:14The lazy one needs up to two weeks to digest his food.
00:06:18Hey, take your time. No rush.
00:06:21There's nothing on the schedule.
00:06:23Dog's nasal prints can be used for identification.
00:06:27They are similar to human fingerprints
00:06:29and unique for each animal.
00:06:31Hippos don't have eyeballs.
00:06:33Instead, they have eye tubes that don't move in their orbits.
00:06:37Penguins don't have external ears.
00:06:40But their ears are exceptionally thin,
00:06:42especially when they are in the presence of polar bears.
00:06:45Jellyfish are 98% water-based.
00:06:48That's why when they are thrown on the shore,
00:06:51their body can evaporate in the air after just a few hours.
00:06:55And if a bottleneck occurs under water,
00:06:57an alligator will always find a place for a sloth.
00:07:00There you go.
00:07:02Grizzlies have such a powerful bite
00:07:05that they can crush a bowling ball.
00:07:08So it's better to let them win.
00:07:10Giant pandas are not complicated when it comes to where they sleep.
00:07:14They usually sleep where they are.
00:07:17In most cases, on the ground of the forest.
00:07:20The giant panda's newborns are tiny.
00:07:23They weigh as much as a small cup of coffee
00:07:25and are smaller than a mouse.
00:07:27The red-handed fish can walk on the bottom of the ocean
00:07:30using its sticks.
00:07:32But of course, they are not really hands,
00:07:34but evolved fins.
00:07:36Really.
00:07:37Cats are not used to meowing among themselves.
00:07:39A study has shown that felines use this mode of communication
00:07:43especially to attract our attention, us humans.
00:07:46And it works.
00:07:48Lazy people can't whine.
00:07:50It's not because they are too busy digesting their two-week-old meal.
00:07:54Their fur is sometimes covered with algae.
00:07:57And when they are too hot or too cold,
00:07:59their metabolism stops.
00:08:01During difficult periods,
00:08:03the immortal jellyfish transform
00:08:05to regain the state of their early youth.
00:08:07Once they have reached the stage
00:08:09where they are just a pile of soft tissue,
00:08:11a bit like me,
00:08:13these creatures begin to grow.
00:08:15And this process can apparently be repeated over and over again.
00:08:18The T-Rex's closest relatives
00:08:20are chickens and ostriches.
00:08:22Don't turn around!
00:08:24The mureen has another series of jaws
00:08:26that can come out of its throat.
00:08:28First, the main jaws close
00:08:30around an unlucky marine creature.
00:08:32Then, the additional jaw
00:08:34grabs the future meal of the eel
00:08:36with its teeth pointing backwards
00:08:38and sharp as razors.
00:08:40And after that, the captured animal
00:08:42is brought back to the mureen's throat.
00:08:44I just lost my appetite.
00:08:46Some species of snails
00:08:48have a hairy shell.
00:08:50Thanks to these hairs,
00:08:52snails can better adhere to wet surfaces.
00:08:54When the jellyfish hunt,
00:08:56they often gather in groups
00:08:58and apply a net-to-bubble tactic
00:09:00to catch their food.
00:09:02The bubbles do not let the fish strips escape.
00:09:04Snow leopards
00:09:06cannot roar like other large felines.
00:09:08This is due to their less developed vocal cords.
00:09:10But these animals
00:09:12can howl, grunt, whistle
00:09:14and even purr.
00:09:16In order not to move away from their group
00:09:18during nap time,
00:09:20sea otters hold each other by the hand.
00:09:22They can also get tangled
00:09:24in giant algae in the same bud.
00:09:26Lions are often called
00:09:28the kings of the savannah.
00:09:30And I thought it was the king of the jungle.
00:09:32And yet, up to 90% of the troop's hunting
00:09:34is carried out by females.
00:09:36Eels are in charge of protecting
00:09:38the territory and the troop members.
00:09:40And they make a delicious potato salad
00:09:42known as
00:09:44Hakuna Matata.
00:09:46Cats are famous
00:09:48for their amazing ability
00:09:50to move their ears.
00:09:52All this because kittens have 32 muscles
00:09:54in each external ear.
00:09:56Some species of sharks can shine in the dark.
00:09:58Unfortunately, only other sharks
00:10:00can see this greenish glow.
00:10:02You have up to 8,000 taste buds.
00:10:04But your dog only has a little over 1,500.
00:10:06The blue jay can imitate
00:10:08other birds.
00:10:10The blue jay
00:10:12uses it to make other birds
00:10:14flee from its territory.
00:10:16Slow lorries are incredibly cute
00:10:18and just as perfidious.
00:10:20They are the only venomous primates known.
00:10:22They have a gland located in the hollow of their arms.
00:10:24They secrete toxins that can have
00:10:26very unpleasant consequences in humans.
00:10:28The bubal has an amazing
00:10:30escape tactic.
00:10:32To escape other animals,
00:10:34they move in a zigzag.
00:10:36Big dolphins have names for their congeners.
00:10:38And Bob, and Charlie,
00:10:40and Dolly!
00:10:42Hi guys, and thanks for the fish!
00:10:44Giraffes have a long black tongue.
00:10:46Scientists suppose
00:10:48that this color could protect
00:10:50the tongue from sunburns.
00:10:52Well, that's all I have for today.
00:10:54See you soon!
00:10:56Some hawaiian caterpillars
00:10:58have developed a terrifying
00:11:00eating habit.
00:11:02Scorpion caterpillars,
00:11:04which are geometry-based larvae,
00:11:06go against all norms
00:11:08and totally ignore
00:11:10what it is to eat leaves.
00:11:12Instead, they spend their time
00:11:14on leaves and stems,
00:11:16waiting for insects to pass
00:11:18to catch them quickly
00:11:20with their legs full of hair.
00:11:22Scientists have discovered
00:11:24a bunch of these little insect hunters
00:11:26in the hawaiian forests
00:11:28and raised them in laboratories.
00:11:30It turns out that they belong
00:11:32to a group of caterpillars
00:11:34full of flowers and leaves.
00:11:36But in Hawaii,
00:11:38half a dozen of these 16 species
00:11:40have decided to become carnivores
00:11:42by opting for an insect-based diet.
00:11:44Maybe all the protein-rich
00:11:46flower pollen
00:11:48they were eating
00:11:50helped them to reveal
00:11:52the predator sleeping in them.
00:11:54Thanks to the absence of predators
00:11:56from the continent,
00:11:58these caterpillars were able
00:12:00to thrive in the island's ecosystem
00:12:02and cause problems
00:12:04to the local flora and fauna.
00:12:06These carnivorous caterpillars
00:12:08have evolved to occupy
00:12:10the ecological niche
00:12:12usually filled by other insects,
00:12:14such as mantises in other regions.
00:12:16They are known for their lightning attacks
00:12:18and only need about
00:12:20a tenth of a second
00:12:22to strike and devour their living prey.
00:12:24Let's hope they don't get bigger
00:12:26or more hungry.
00:12:28The snakes in Sonnet
00:12:30use their emblematic horns
00:12:32to warn predators, such as coyotes,
00:12:34to stay away or to risk bite.
00:12:36This sonnet
00:12:38evolved from a simple shake
00:12:40of the tail, which acted
00:12:42as an aposematic signal.
00:12:44Rather than using their sonnets
00:12:46to attract partners,
00:12:48this sound warns of the danger
00:12:50posed by the venomous snake's claws.
00:12:52Well, it's nice to warn.
00:12:54This sound comes from
00:12:56hollow segments of dead skin
00:12:58at the end of the reptile's tail.
00:13:02Recent research has shown
00:13:04that the snakes in Sonnet
00:13:06adjusted the speed of the click
00:13:08according to the proximity of a predator,
00:13:10thus creating an ingenious auditory illusion
00:13:12to dissuade potential threats.
00:13:14This use of sound
00:13:16helps crotales to defend themselves
00:13:18despite their own inability
00:13:20to hear this sound.
00:13:22Shells.
00:13:24Saint-Jacques have a distinctive appearance
00:13:26similar to horror movies
00:13:28with tentacles and eyes
00:13:30inside the mouth,
00:13:32which does not prevent them from being delicious.
00:13:34Scientists have discovered
00:13:36that these eyes, which look like beys,
00:13:38could be compared to high-tech telescopes.
00:13:40They are like carved mirrors,
00:13:42able to create complex images
00:13:44similar to those obtained
00:13:46by our modern observatories.
00:13:48Interestingly, Saint-Jacques shells
00:13:50do not have brains, but their eyes
00:13:52are able to form blurry images.
00:13:54Saint-Jacques has a unique eye structure
00:13:56similar to that of insects.
00:13:58This could explain
00:14:00why Saint-Jacques shells
00:14:02are among the few beys
00:14:04capable of swimming.
00:14:06The many eyes of a Saint-Jacques shell
00:14:08can help it create a three-dimensional image
00:14:10of its environment.
00:14:12Some of these eyes
00:14:14have a better vision than others.
00:14:16These unique eyes could potentially
00:14:18influence the design of future telescopes
00:14:20and inspire the creation
00:14:22of large-scale compact imaging devices.
00:14:24So, the next time you enjoy
00:14:26a dish of Saint-Jacques shells,
00:14:28remember that these creatures
00:14:30have up to 200 small telescopes
00:14:32watching you eat.
00:14:36What are the hollow bones of birds used for?
00:14:38Birds have unique adaptations
00:14:40of their skeletons,
00:14:42crucial for being able to fly,
00:14:44and one of them is these hollow bones.
00:14:46Also known as pneumatic bones,
00:14:48they contain air spaces
00:14:50that help absorb oxygen
00:14:52during flight.
00:14:54These air pockets are connected
00:14:56to hollow areas inside the bird's bones
00:14:58and allow these lungs
00:15:00to expand throughout
00:15:02its skeletal structure.
00:15:04This complex system helps
00:15:06volatiles absorb oxygen
00:15:08when they breathe,
00:15:10thus increasing oxygen levels
00:15:12in their blood and providing them
00:15:14the energy needed for flight.
00:15:16Contrary to popular belief,
00:15:18hollow bones do not necessarily
00:15:20make the bird lighter.
00:15:22Studies show that bird bones
00:15:24are actually heavier
00:15:26than those of similar-sized animals.
00:15:28In fact, the skeleton of a 50-gram bird
00:15:30is denser and heavier
00:15:32than that of a mouse of the same weight.
00:15:34This increased density
00:15:36results in thinner,
00:15:38more rigid, more robust
00:15:40and less likely to break.
00:15:44Sometimes, legs are not legs.
00:15:46In a recent study,
00:15:48researchers looked at how
00:15:50caterpillars make their legs
00:15:52grow, which characterizes them.
00:15:54They actually fulfill an important goal.
00:15:56Caterpillars need to eat a lot
00:15:58to grow as fast as possible,
00:16:00and these round legs help them
00:16:02to move effectively around
00:16:04leaves and branches.
00:16:06It is interesting to note that
00:16:08these small, padded legs
00:16:10are not really legs.
00:16:12These are what are called false legs,
00:16:14which allow caterpillars to move.
00:16:16The real legs of the caterpillar,
00:16:18which will turn into adult legs
00:16:20once it becomes a butterfly,
00:16:22are close to its head
00:16:24and are not used to move.
00:16:26Even if a caterpillar lost its real legs,
00:16:28it could still move
00:16:30by using the false ones.
00:16:32This raises the question of
00:16:34what makes a leg a leg?
00:16:36Is it due to its structure
00:16:38or to its function?
00:16:40The caterpillar's unique legs
00:16:42are an observation observed
00:16:44among arthropods.
00:16:46Temporary legs help
00:16:48caterpillars to feed and move
00:16:50before acquiring their final form.
00:16:52This brief overview of the world
00:16:54of caterpillars reminds us
00:16:56of the transitory nature of life
00:16:58and encourages us to appreciate
00:17:00these special legs as long as they last.
00:17:02Pogonas or bearded dragons
00:17:04are Australian lizards
00:17:06found in the deserts,
00:17:08savannahs, bushes
00:17:10and subtropical forests.
00:17:12They are known to be
00:17:14appreciated pets
00:17:16due to their friendly temperament,
00:17:18their constant smile
00:17:20and their relaxed attitude.
00:17:22People like to keep them as pets
00:17:24and call them hairy
00:17:26because of their spikes on their necks.
00:17:28There are eight types of bearded dragons
00:17:30and many different colors and patterns
00:17:32have been observed in captivity.
00:17:34Although they behave well
00:17:36in their Australian homes,
00:17:38most of the world is not
00:17:40a habitat for them.
00:17:42Although they mainly stay
00:17:44on the ground in the wild,
00:17:46they know how to climb trees
00:17:48when they need to expose themselves
00:17:50or escape from a predator.
00:17:52Bearded dragons are now
00:17:54present everywhere in the world
00:17:56except in Hawaii
00:17:58since they are forbidden there.
00:18:00These dragons can make you
00:18:02brush their teeth,
00:18:04just like sharks and geckos.
00:18:06They can drink rainwater
00:18:08when it is hot or very dry.
00:18:10They also have strange sleeping habits
00:18:12and sleep in strange positions,
00:18:14even in their vivarium.
00:18:16They can literally stand up
00:18:18during their sleep.
00:18:20They are also able to run
00:18:22almost as fast as humans.
00:18:24However, they generally prefer
00:18:26to take their time.
00:18:28When they need to sprint,
00:18:30they can stand on two legs
00:18:32and run on their stomachs.
00:18:34There is always the strict definition
00:18:36of sex. Some species
00:18:38have the ability to develop
00:18:40and maintain simultaneously
00:18:42male and female reproductive organs.
00:18:44It is a matter of strength.
00:18:46Others have the ability to switch
00:18:48from one sex to another
00:18:50depending on various factors
00:18:52such as environmental conditions.
00:18:54Sex change can offer reproductive flexibility
00:18:56or can be triggered by external factors
00:18:58such as temperature increase.
00:19:00Clown fish, for example,
00:19:02are sequentially hermaphrodites,
00:19:04born of one sex but able to switch
00:19:06to the other if necessary.
00:19:08In the case of clown fish,
00:19:10this transformation is done from male to female,
00:19:12a process known as protandry.
00:19:14In a group of clown fish,
00:19:16only two members are fully mature,
00:19:18a large male and an even larger female.
00:19:20If something happens to the female,
00:19:22the male will become a female
00:19:24and choose the next male,
00:19:26the largest of the group, as a new partner.
00:19:28Isn't that convenient?
00:19:30Siretidae are another example
00:19:32of species capable of changing sex
00:19:34depending on specific conditions.
00:19:36They begin their life as females
00:19:38and can become males,
00:19:40a process known as protogeny.
00:19:42Unlike other sequentially hermaphrodites,
00:19:44siretidae have the ability
00:19:46to switch from one sex to the other
00:19:48depending on the circumstances
00:19:50within their group.
00:19:52Limas bananas, for example,
00:19:54are simultaneous hermaphrodites,
00:19:56able to use both
00:19:58male and female reproductive organs.
00:20:00Although they can self-fertilize,
00:20:02most of the limas bananas
00:20:04prefer to mate with another limas.
00:20:06Research has also shown
00:20:08that some species of frogs
00:20:10were able to change sex,
00:20:12with individuals developing
00:20:14reproductive organs of the opposite sex
00:20:16fully functional.
00:20:18This change, observed both in laboratories
00:20:20and in studies in the natural environment,
00:20:22could occur in the United States.
00:20:24In the United States,
00:20:26every year there are
00:20:28250,000 human bites,
00:20:30400,000 cat bites
00:20:32and 4.5 million dog bites.
00:20:34Yes, our adorable animals
00:20:36often attack us suddenly.
00:20:38Here are some examples
00:20:40among the cutest and fiercest.
00:20:42Forget these viral videos
00:20:44of people licking pandas.
00:20:46These cute big beasts
00:20:48can be surprisingly dangerous.
00:20:50Despite their cartoon look,
00:20:52they are wild animals
00:20:54and they feel threatened.
00:20:56Even a snow leopard
00:20:58will not disturb an adult panda.
00:21:00So, if you ever come across
00:21:02this animal somewhere,
00:21:04keep your distance,
00:21:06especially if it has small ones.
00:21:08Pandas went from an omnivorous
00:21:10diet to a vegetarian diet
00:21:12a few million years ago.
00:21:14But they still have carnivorous teeth
00:21:16and their claws could easily
00:21:18tear your tender flesh.
00:21:20Scientists believe that the strict
00:21:22diet of pandas could contribute
00:21:24to their extinction.
00:21:26It would therefore be logical
00:21:28to plant bamboo forests
00:21:30to prevent these big teddy bears
00:21:32from regaining their carnivorous
00:21:34habits, wouldn't it?
00:21:36But let's say you're hiking
00:21:38in a forest in China
00:21:40and suddenly a furious panda
00:21:42appears from nowhere.
00:21:44First of all, make sure
00:21:46you have an anti-bear spray
00:21:48and be ready to use it.
00:21:50Don't take your legs
00:21:52at your neck,
00:21:54speak to the animal while
00:21:56moving back slowly.
00:21:58If a panda follows you on your hike,
00:22:00make a lot of noise on your way
00:22:02to scare it.
00:22:04The smell of food can attract
00:22:06pandas, but also snow leopards.
00:22:08So, avoid cooking
00:22:10if you know you're being tracked.
00:22:12And about pretty plushies
00:22:14who deceive their world,
00:22:16don't trust koalas
00:22:18because they have a common trait.
00:22:20Koalas are territorial
00:22:22and they don't hesitate to use their claws
00:22:24and their sharp teeth to prove it.
00:22:26If a koala bites you,
00:22:28it won't let go easily.
00:22:30You'll have to push it back.
00:22:32It would therefore be wise
00:22:34to wear pants and a jacket
00:22:36to be better protected in the event of an attack.
00:22:38And make sure you watch your pets
00:22:40because koalas could attack them.
00:22:42Don't be fooled
00:22:44by these nice videos
00:22:46of people petting koalas.
00:22:48These are zoo animals that have been domesticated.
00:22:50In the wild,
00:22:52it's a whole other story.
00:22:54If you ever meet these creatures in nature,
00:22:56don't try to take a selfie
00:22:58and avoid provoking them by making noise.
00:23:00Although koalas are known
00:23:02to sleep 22 hours a day,
00:23:04that doesn't mean
00:23:06they can't get angry.
00:23:08Koalas tend to be wary
00:23:10as soon as they spot strangers
00:23:12within a radius of 5 meters.
00:23:14Spraying urine on those who threaten them
00:23:16is one of their favorite defense techniques.
00:23:18Most wild koalas
00:23:20will make your life hard
00:23:22if you bother them.
00:23:24A good reason to leave them alone.
00:23:26Wombats may look like
00:23:28friendly hamsters.
00:23:30These nocturnal marsupials are known
00:23:32to attack people, dogs
00:23:34and even wild dingoes.
00:23:36Yes, they have bitten several people
00:23:38so badly that they must have been hospitalized.
00:23:40So the safety rules
00:23:42are the same as with koalas.
00:23:44No cuddles, no selfies.
00:23:46By the way, if you dare to run away from a wombat,
00:23:48keep in mind that it can run
00:23:50up to 40 km per hour.
00:23:52And you?
00:23:54Signs.
00:23:56When you enter what they consider
00:23:58to be their territory,
00:24:00these volatiles can be quite unpleasant.
00:24:02Signs will defend their partners
00:24:04and their nests very aggressively.
00:24:06They will bite if necessary
00:24:08and it can be very serious.
00:24:10So, if you swim or even walk
00:24:12near a pond in the spring
00:24:14and you spot a sign
00:24:16coming towards you,
00:24:18make sure to keep
00:24:20a respectful distance.
00:24:22Do not try to touch them
00:24:24or feed them.
00:24:26Do nothing that can provoke them.
00:24:28And do not approach their nest.
00:24:30Beware of the silent sign.
00:24:32It's a big thug in the bird world.
00:24:34These guys are less talkative
00:24:36than other species of signs.
00:24:38They will not warn you
00:24:40before attacking you silently.
00:24:42If this happens, do not run away.
00:24:44Try to stay calm.
00:24:46Do not turn your back to the sign
00:24:48and move back slowly.
00:24:50Protecting yourself behind a fence or a tree
00:24:52is a very good idea.
00:24:54You can also deceive the sign
00:24:56by making it believe that you are a big bird.
00:24:58Just show it your open umbrella
00:25:00or a wide garment
00:25:02that looks like wings,
00:25:04if you have that on you.
00:25:08You could also come across
00:25:10a sign that seems to need your help.
00:25:12Even if it breaks your heart,
00:25:14you must avoid trying
00:25:16to save the bird alone.
00:25:18Because the sign may perceive
00:25:20your help as a threat.
00:25:22Instead of helping it,
00:25:24it is best to warn the forest guards
00:25:26who will take care of the animal
00:25:28in an appropriate way.
00:25:30There are many stories of dolphins
00:25:32who save people and are cute like everything,
00:25:34but they can be surprisingly dangerous,
00:25:36especially if they are wild.
00:25:38Even sharks generally avoid
00:25:40rubbing themselves against a dolphin
00:25:42in a bad mood.
00:25:44Swimming with these smiling creatures
00:25:46is more risky than you think.
00:25:48Dolphins can have fun
00:25:50pushing you with their nose
00:25:52and their powerful body.
00:25:54In some cases,
00:25:56they can decide to drag you
00:25:58under water or bite you.
00:26:00Unfortunately,
00:26:02not everyone survives such encounters.
00:26:04If you see wild dolphins,
00:26:06never try to feed them,
00:26:08caress them or play with them.
00:26:10If you see them slapping their jaws,
00:26:12chasing,
00:26:14slapping their tails on the water
00:26:16or even spitting bubbles,
00:26:18tell yourself that they are not there
00:26:20to laugh.
00:26:22If you go kayaking
00:26:24or swim near an aggressive dolphin,
00:26:26flee the area as quickly as possible.
00:26:28Do you want to see
00:26:30one of the most annoying,
00:26:32here it is.
00:26:34It's hard to resist the urge
00:26:36to put this little colored guy
00:26:38on your palm to take a nice picture.
00:26:40But it could be your last session.
00:26:42The Colombian crocodile
00:26:44has enough venom
00:26:46to kill 10 adults
00:26:48in good health.
00:26:50This poison attacks the nervous system
00:26:52of predators and causes muscle contractions,
00:26:54respiratory paralysis and much worse.
00:26:56Unlike snakes and scorpions,
00:26:58Colombian crocodiles
00:27:00do not inject their venom,
00:27:02they excrete it through their cutaneous glands.
00:27:04So if you touch this animal
00:27:06by mistake,
00:27:08do not rub your eyes
00:27:10and wash your hands immediately.
00:27:12The toxin must penetrate your blood
00:27:14to be active.
00:27:16If you have cuts on your skin,
00:27:18go to a hospital as soon as possible
00:27:20and keep in mind that the skin of these frogs
00:27:22poisons everything it touches
00:27:24and that the poison can stay on objects
00:27:26for nearly a year.
00:27:28Look at this toy that looks like Shrek.
00:27:30But wait, he's alive!
00:27:32Here is one of the rare
00:27:34venomous mammals on the planet,
00:27:36the nyctiseb.
00:27:38No wonder this hairy creature
00:27:40is the star of the clandestine
00:27:42pet market.
00:27:44But you have to read the instructions
00:27:46before buying it,
00:27:48because a refund is unlikely.
00:27:50You may have already seen this animal
00:27:52raise his hands as if he were going to the police.
00:27:54And no!
00:27:56The nyctiseb releases the toxin
00:27:58from his brachial gland located on his elbows.
00:28:02This small animal looks innocent
00:28:04takes his venom in his mouth
00:28:06to mix it with his saliva.
00:28:08Then he rubs this saliva
00:28:10on his hair to scare
00:28:12his enemies.
00:28:14But he can also inflict a bite on you
00:28:16that you will never forget.
00:28:18This toxin causes
00:28:20anaphylactic shock.
00:28:22It is therefore dangerous for humans.
00:28:24If you still want to bring this pretty creature
00:28:26home, take a dog instead.
00:28:30This is not because the ornithorynchus
00:28:32looks a bit like a Pokémon
00:28:34that you can lower your guard.
00:28:36Males have a weapon to fight
00:28:38their rivals.
00:28:40Hidden spurs on their hind legs.
00:28:42They contain a venom that can be fatal
00:28:44to an animal the size of a dog.
00:28:46But be careful anyway.
00:28:48They also attack humans.
00:28:50We describe the sensation
00:28:52provoked by the venom of the ornithorynchus
00:28:54as an intense long-lasting pain
00:28:56that no conventional medicine
00:28:58can relieve.
00:29:00So don't pet this creature.
00:29:02It's not worth it.
00:29:04There are many more cute animals
00:29:06but dangerous on the planet.
00:29:08So remember that appearances
00:29:10can be misleading.
00:29:12And stay safe.
00:29:14Let me introduce you to the little
00:29:16terrors of our world.
00:29:18The fire ants.
00:29:20This insect is a venom
00:29:22likely to cause serious problems.
00:29:24For most people,
00:29:26it's just a feeling of burning
00:29:28and clots forming.
00:29:30But for others, especially those
00:29:32who are allergic,
00:29:34it's a matter of life or death.
00:29:36These ants establish their colony
00:29:38right under our feet.
00:29:40They are ready to gather
00:29:42and protect their nest.
00:29:44They show no mercy
00:29:46towards intruders.
00:29:48One or four of them
00:29:50represent the maximum.
00:29:52You would probably shake
00:29:54but the sensation remains
00:29:56less intense than when a wasp bites you.
00:29:58These ants are native
00:30:00to the tropical regions of Central
00:30:02and South America.
00:30:04But today, they can even be found
00:30:06in some temperate areas of North America.
00:30:08In their colony,
00:30:10the fire ants observe a strict hierarchy.
00:30:12A queen,
00:30:14males and females,
00:30:16and a group of asexual workers.
00:30:18They communicate through
00:30:20pheromones and sounds.
00:30:22The most feared member of this species
00:30:24is the imported red ant.
00:30:26They come from South America
00:30:28and invaded the South of the United States.
00:30:30They build large mounds,
00:30:32making agriculture difficult
00:30:34and harming the crops.
00:30:36It is almost impossible to regulate them.
00:30:38And as if that were not enough,
00:30:40now appears the emergence
00:30:42of another invasive species,
00:30:44this one poses a threat
00:30:46to the entire endemic ecosystem.
00:30:48It turns out that ants
00:30:50can be dangerously hostile.
00:30:52The mellowidae
00:30:54are among the 10
00:30:56most dangerous insects in the world.
00:30:58Fortunately,
00:31:00they are not deadly to humans,
00:31:02unless they attack us in large numbers.
00:31:04However, they represent
00:31:06a serious threat to large animals
00:31:08such as horses.
00:31:10The mellowidae family's colopter
00:31:12is a toxin called cantharidin
00:31:14that causes redness
00:31:16and blisters on the skin.
00:31:18In the past, people believed
00:31:20that it could treat verrus and even rage,
00:31:22and some even went so far
00:31:24as to include it in love filters.
00:31:26It's a risky game, however.
00:31:28In the 1950s,
00:31:30a Briton was convicted
00:31:32of giving cantharidin-soaked candy
00:31:34to two women,
00:31:36leading to their death.
00:31:38These insects are not easy to catch.
00:31:40They are extremely dangerous.
00:31:42However, they are attracted
00:31:44by luserne and hay.
00:31:46If a horse eats one or the other
00:31:48of its food,
00:31:50even a handful of mellowidae
00:31:52are able to release enough
00:31:54cantharidin to kill it.
00:31:56This adorable caterpillar
00:31:58from South America
00:32:00is the Launomia oblica,
00:32:02and it is the most dangerous caterpillar
00:32:04on Earth.
00:32:06It is responsible for a number
00:32:08of diseases.
00:32:10When it grows up,
00:32:12it becomes a superb
00:32:14and harmless green to itself.
00:32:16But if you notice them
00:32:18while they are still juvenile,
00:32:20it is better to stay away.
00:32:22Their toxicity comes
00:32:24from their hairs full of venom.
00:32:26They serve as a defense mechanism
00:32:28against predators.
00:32:30Poison disturbs blood coagulation
00:32:32and can cause very serious symptoms,
00:32:34such as burning sensations,
00:32:36or even worse,
00:32:38a single sting will probably
00:32:40have no serious consequences.
00:32:42They only deliver a small amount
00:32:44of venom.
00:32:46But these caterpillars tend
00:32:48to regroup,
00:32:50and they are very good
00:32:52at camouflage,
00:32:54which increases the risk
00:32:56of multiple stings.
00:32:58Crickets themselves are not
00:33:00so dangerous to humans.
00:33:02They are just ordinary
00:33:04caterpillars.
00:33:06They often live during dry
00:33:08and arid periods,
00:33:10then all of a sudden,
00:33:12a large amount of rain falls
00:33:14and the plants begin to grow
00:33:16quickly.
00:33:18Once they have left,
00:33:20it is almost impossible
00:33:22to stop them.
00:33:24They can mutate
00:33:26into a destructive force
00:33:28in a few minutes.
00:33:30Throughout history,
00:33:32locusts can designate
00:33:34different things depending
00:33:36on the different regions
00:33:38of the globe.
00:33:40In some cases,
00:33:42Americans refer to
00:33:44the cicadas,
00:33:46which are also known
00:33:48for their cacophony.
00:33:50But for us,
00:33:52locusts usually designate
00:33:54crickets,
00:33:56ancient creatures
00:33:58relatively unchanged
00:34:00in terms of size
00:34:02and weight.
00:34:04Locusts are
00:34:06extremely dangerous
00:34:08to humans,
00:34:10especially to those
00:34:12who are allergic
00:34:14to their sting.
00:34:16As its name suggests,
00:34:18the giant locust
00:34:20is the largest of the locusts.
00:34:22It can reach up to 5 cm long.
00:34:24It has a powerful venom,
00:34:26capable of causing
00:34:28death.
00:34:30In any case,
00:34:32deaths due to locusts
00:34:34or bees are rare
00:34:36but not unknown.
00:34:38In the United Kingdom,
00:34:40about 10 people
00:34:42die every year
00:34:44from bee stings
00:34:46or locusts.
00:34:48Always be careful.
00:34:50These insects are
00:34:52all very territorial
00:34:54and will fiercely
00:34:56attack you.
00:34:58Locusts are as humble
00:35:00as tiny,
00:35:02but they have had
00:35:04a colossal impact
00:35:06on human history
00:35:08and health.
00:35:10They are not only
00:35:12annoying parasites,
00:35:14they are also
00:35:16notorious vectors
00:35:18of various diseases
00:35:20and are responsible
00:35:22for some of the
00:35:24worst diseases
00:35:26in the world.
00:35:28Locusts play
00:35:30a major role
00:35:32in their propagation.
00:35:34They spend their lives
00:35:36looking for others
00:35:38to feed on,
00:35:40whether they are reptiles,
00:35:42mammals,
00:35:44domestic animals
00:35:46or humans.
00:35:48Despite their small size
00:35:50and their absence,
00:35:52locusts can cause
00:35:54minor discomfort,
00:35:56nausea and inflammation.
00:35:58But a large number
00:36:00of them can lead to
00:36:02anemia of the host.
00:36:04Of course,
00:36:06the most dangerous part
00:36:08about them
00:36:10are viruses,
00:36:12bacteria
00:36:14and other parasites
00:36:16they transmit.
00:36:18Triatominae live mainly
00:36:20among the parasites
00:36:22they carry.
00:36:24It is responsible for diseases
00:36:26that affect millions of people
00:36:28around the world
00:36:30and cause thousands of victims
00:36:32each year.
00:36:34What is not insignificant
00:36:36is that the symptoms
00:36:38often do not appear
00:36:40before 10,
00:36:4220 or even 30 years
00:36:44after being stung.
00:36:46They usually manifest
00:36:48when they are attracted
00:36:50by the breath of the prey.
00:36:52If you breathe through the mouth,
00:36:54you are susceptible to stings.
00:36:56They are also not the most
00:36:58refined predators,
00:37:00often biting in an almost
00:37:02uncontrollable way,
00:37:04which only adds to the problem.
00:37:06Many have already heard
00:37:08about the Tsetse fly,
00:37:10a singular and frightening insect
00:37:12native to tropical Africa.
00:37:14These flies are carriers
00:37:16of the most devastating diseases
00:37:18that of sleep.
00:37:20Like the triatominae,
00:37:22the Tsetse fly is a transmitter
00:37:24of trypanosomes,
00:37:26parasites that cause the disease.
00:37:28They acquire this parasite
00:37:30from an infected host
00:37:32where it develops
00:37:34inside the body of the fly.
00:37:36Sleep disease does not strike
00:37:38immediately.
00:37:40After a sting,
00:37:42it takes 1 to 3 weeks
00:37:44to develop.
00:37:46As the disease progresses,
00:37:48it can invade the nervous system,
00:37:50causing confusion, insomnia
00:37:52and loss of balance.
00:37:54Without treatment,
00:37:56it can lead to a coma
00:37:58followed by a fatal outcome.
00:38:00Fortunately, sleep disease
00:38:02can be treated
00:38:04and the number of human losses
00:38:06tends to decrease.
00:38:08The Tsetse fly also has
00:38:10a historical importance,
00:38:12because the most dangerous insect
00:38:14in the world comes back to mosquitos.
00:38:16This is not surprising.
00:38:18Despite their small size,
00:38:20they have a colossal impact.
00:38:22They are not only responsible
00:38:24for more human losses
00:38:26each year than any other animal,
00:38:28but they have also left
00:38:30an indelible mark on history.
00:38:32These small insects played
00:38:34a role in the rise
00:38:36and fall of entire civilizations.
00:38:38Thus, malaria has considerably
00:38:40reduced the population of
00:38:42Greek and Roman civilizations.
00:38:44What is interesting is that
00:38:46it is not the mosquitos
00:38:48themselves that are dangerous,
00:38:50but once again, their parasites,
00:38:52bacteria and viruses
00:38:54are transmitted by their sting.
00:38:56These flying horrors thus
00:38:58spread an entire buffet of diseases.
00:39:00In addition to malaria,
00:39:02there is yellow fever,
00:39:04which, just like
00:39:06the Tsetse fly,
00:39:08is the Anopheles mosquito.
00:39:10It is the ultimate predator
00:39:12of the insect world,
00:39:14responsible for more deaths
00:39:16and diseases than any other.
00:39:18How do we fight these tiny
00:39:20but yet so powerful enemies?
00:39:22With prevention.
00:39:24We must eliminate stagnant water
00:39:26in our immediate environment
00:39:28and take mosquito control measures.
00:39:30We must always have two steps
00:39:32ahead to protect us
00:39:34from these dangerous insects.
00:39:36You decided to go
00:39:38underwater for the first time.
00:39:40The water is clear and the sun
00:39:42illuminates the seabed.
00:39:44You take a few selfies
00:39:46with the fish that pass by
00:39:48when suddenly the ocean
00:39:50becomes as dark as night.
00:39:52You look up and,
00:39:54oh my God,
00:39:56what is this huge animal?
00:39:58It is certainly not a shark,
00:40:00not more than a whale.
00:40:02Is it a turtle?
00:40:04If you lived on this same land
00:40:06about 72 million years ago,
00:40:08then maybe this could
00:40:10really have happened to you.
00:40:12Scientists have recently
00:40:14discovered the fossils
00:40:16of a huge sea turtle
00:40:18that could reach
00:40:20up to 4 meters in length.
00:40:22If you have no idea
00:40:24what that represents,
00:40:26let's look at some examples.
00:40:28This is the average length
00:40:30of a hippopotamus,
00:40:32two Michael Jordans stacked on top of each other.
00:40:37The scientific name of this turtle,
00:40:39the Leviathanochelysa enigmatica,
00:40:41is a tribute to the legendary sea monster known as the Leviathan.
00:40:46Maybe you remember it from your mythology classes at school.
00:40:49The Leviathan is supposed to be a mythical creature
00:40:51that would swallow entire ships
00:40:53or the sailors considered too greedy by the creature.
00:40:57Can you imagine being swallowed by this huge sea turtle?
00:41:01Me? I pass my turn.
00:41:04The fossils of this gigantic creature
00:41:07began to be excavated between 2016 and 2021
00:41:10in northeastern Spain.
00:41:12The first fossil was located
00:41:14by a hiker in the Spanish Pyrenees
00:41:17and it was about 20 cm long.
00:41:20The basin of this turtle
00:41:21alone measured nearly 98 cm.
00:41:24It would certainly be one of the biggest turtles today
00:41:28if it hadn't gone extinct.
00:41:32For information,
00:41:33the largest living sea turtle today
00:41:35can reach up to 2 meters long.
00:41:38Which is already not bad.
00:41:42And now,
00:41:43what would you say about a gigantic prehistoric scorpion?
00:41:46I bet most people here are not big fans of these creatures,
00:41:49especially since they are venomous.
00:41:51This is why the idea of an aquatic scorpion
00:41:53measuring nearly 3 meters long
00:41:55could be the nightmare of some.
00:41:57Let's just say that if it hadn't gone extinct,
00:42:00about 400 million years ago,
00:42:03lakes and rivers
00:42:05would be much less bucolic places
00:42:07for today's humans.
00:42:09These gigantic arachnids
00:42:10became first-rate predators at their time,
00:42:13hunting everything,
00:42:14from fish to other animals,
00:42:16including their own species.
00:42:18Ouch,
00:42:19I have chicken skin just from imagining these monsters.
00:42:22We should thank the asteroid
00:42:24that hit our planet right now or later in the video.
00:42:27Another prehistoric animal
00:42:29that would amaze humans if it was still alive
00:42:32is the famous Megatherium,
00:42:34a gigantic-proportioned sloth.
00:42:36It is thought that this huge sloth
00:42:38could have reached up to 6 meters long,
00:42:41for a weight of nearly 3.6 trillion kilos.
00:42:44These remains were found
00:42:46in the forests of the South American Spires.
00:42:49The creature had a poor habit
00:42:51of sitting on its back
00:42:53in order to reach the fins
00:42:55of its hot sprouts.
00:42:58It helped them climb trees.
00:43:00I have to admit,
00:43:02I don't feel very comfortable
00:43:04imagining this sloth
00:43:06climbing trees.
00:43:08Oh, of course,
00:43:10some dinosaurs will be part
00:43:12of our list of oversized creatures.
00:43:14But before that, here is a funny fact.
00:43:16Did you know that some dinosaurs
00:43:18are still alive today?
00:43:20Researchers have determined
00:43:22that birds can be classified
00:43:24as theropods.
00:43:26I'm sure you've heard
00:43:28these names a long time ago
00:43:30if you've watched Jurassic Park.
00:43:32The Velociraptor is this frightening
00:43:34dinosaur that intrudes into the kitchens.
00:43:36Well, they evolved,
00:43:38gained some feathers,
00:43:40and turned into various species
00:43:42of birds that we know today.
00:43:44This means that any bird,
00:43:46from dendon to mesange,
00:43:48is a direct descendant
00:43:50of dinosaurs.
00:43:52Now,
00:43:54does the name Spinosaurus
00:43:56mean anything to you?
00:43:58You can admire this huge dinosaur
00:44:00in some museums today.
00:44:02It's fossil, I mean.
00:44:04Spinosaurus was one of the greatest
00:44:06terrestrial predators
00:44:08to have swallowed the earth.
00:44:10Or rather, to have swallowed the earth
00:44:12and its waters.
00:44:14Because researchers think
00:44:16that this dino was semi-aquatic.
00:44:18It mainly fed on meat,
00:44:20which means that humans would be
00:44:23hungry.
00:44:25This carnivorous dinosaur lived
00:44:27about 90 to 100 million years ago.
00:44:29It was about 18 meters long,
00:44:314 meters high,
00:44:33and weighed up to 22 tons.
00:44:35Its head was about the size
00:44:37of 8 bowling balls
00:44:39and had the shape of a crocodile's mouth.
00:44:41Basically,
00:44:43the Spinosaurus was a large African elephant
00:44:45with a crocodile's mouth.
00:44:47I'm kidding,
00:44:49but it would have looked funny,
00:44:51wouldn't it?
00:44:53A much more attractive dinosaur
00:44:55was this one, the Patagotitan Mayorum.
00:44:57It is considered the largest dinosaur
00:44:59that has ever lived on our planet.
00:45:01What made it so big
00:45:03was its extremely long neck
00:45:05and its outstretched tail.
00:45:07You wouldn't want to stand
00:45:09behind this creature, believe me.
00:45:11If it decided to make a sudden move
00:45:13with its tail, you would be catapulted
00:45:15in the distance.
00:45:17This dinosaur lived about 100 million years ago
00:45:20and was discovered for the first time
00:45:22in Argentina around 2012.
00:45:24It was 36 meters tall
00:45:26from head to tail,
00:45:28making it almost as big
00:45:30as a football field in its width.
00:45:32Did I mention
00:45:34that it weighed almost as much
00:45:36as a spaceship?
00:45:38We're talking about 75 tons.
00:45:40If it had been a carnivore,
00:45:42it would have probably been
00:45:44the biggest predator.
00:45:46But this big guy was a peaceful herbivore
00:45:48and could even eat the leaves
00:45:50of the tallest trees.
00:45:52Cute, isn't it?
00:45:54We also have to talk
00:45:56about the Chastasaurus.
00:45:58As its name suggests,
00:46:00this lizard once populated
00:46:02the region of Mount Shasta
00:46:04in California.
00:46:06Even if it was a marine reptile
00:46:08that probably never set foot
00:46:10on the mountain itself.
00:46:12This dinosaur was usually 7 meters long,
00:46:14but there was a specific variety
00:46:16the size of the Great Blue Whale,
00:46:18which makes it
00:46:20the largest marine reptile
00:46:22ever lived.
00:46:24A funny fact about the Chastasaurus
00:46:26is that scientists think
00:46:28it had no teeth,
00:46:30which means it could only feed
00:46:32prey to cormorants,
00:46:34such as squids, for example.
00:46:38The next animal on our list
00:46:40is the Great Blue Whale.
00:46:42Believe it or not,
00:46:45life on Earth actually began small.
00:46:47Nowadays,
00:46:49an average adult Great Blue Whale
00:46:51can reach up to 30 meters long
00:46:53and weigh up to 200 tons.
00:46:55This is more or less
00:46:57the weight of 40 elephants
00:46:59or 30 tyrannosaurs
00:47:01or 250 people
00:47:03on average.
00:47:07The whale needs to consume
00:47:09up to 5 million calories a day
00:47:11to feed its body
00:47:13or its mind.
00:47:15Just for your information,
00:47:17it's the equivalent of 30,000 Big Macs.
00:47:19But the Great Blue Whales
00:47:21were not always that big.
00:47:23They evolved from a four-legged
00:47:25mammal that roamed the Earth
00:47:27about 48 million years ago.
00:47:29Their ancestor was called Pakicetus
00:47:31and was only 2 meters long.
00:47:33Here's another funny fact.
00:47:35In order to live in the water
00:47:37as it does today,
00:47:39the Great Blue Whale had to make
00:47:42an adaptation agreement.
00:47:44The Great Blue Whale can renew
00:47:46between 80% and 90% of the oxygen
00:47:48in its lungs every time it breathes.
00:47:50In comparison,
00:47:52a human only renews
00:47:54up to 15%.
00:47:56This allows these creatures
00:47:58to dive for an entire hour
00:48:00and reach a stunning depth
00:48:02of 100 meters.
00:48:04Elephants were destined
00:48:06to be part of this list.
00:48:08African elephants are currently
00:48:10the largest animals on our planet.
00:48:12They can reach about 4 meters high
00:48:14and weigh up to 7 tons.
00:48:16It's quite small if we compare them
00:48:18to other animals that have lived
00:48:20on Earth before, isn't it?
00:48:22But if we place a human
00:48:24of about 1.80 meters next to an elephant,
00:48:26we can see that it is not that small.
00:48:28African elephants are larger
00:48:30than their close relatives,
00:48:32the elephants of Asia,
00:48:34and they have a life expectancy
00:48:36similar to that of humans,
00:48:38so maybe one day,
00:48:40we all wished that salamanders
00:48:42were real dragons.
00:48:44Although this is not the case,
00:48:46they can still be fascinating.
00:48:48There is a giant salamander species
00:48:50that is known to be
00:48:52the largest living amphibian.
00:48:54They can reach the size
00:48:56of an average-sized human,
00:48:58or 1.80 meters.
00:49:00I doubt it's a very pleasant
00:49:02underwater encounter.
00:49:04Megalodon is one of the
00:49:06largest and fiercest creatures
00:49:08on our planet.
00:49:10Powerful jaws, sharp teeth
00:49:12like razors, gigantic size.
00:49:14But do you know the sound it made?
00:49:16Imagine the frog
00:49:18impregnating the underwater world
00:49:20with sound vibrations.
00:49:22This sound was nothing like anything else.
00:49:24The megalodon did not make a sound.
00:49:26It was a shark,
00:49:28and it has no sound-producing organs.
00:49:30It was a mute danger.
00:49:32But despite that, you could still
00:49:34imagine underwater,
00:49:36raise your hand and lower it quickly.
00:49:38Now imagine you have a big submarine
00:49:40instead of your hand.
00:49:42You hear the water moving around the hull.
00:49:44That's what the megalodon
00:49:46sounded like.
00:49:48When this monster climbed to the surface
00:49:50and opened its jaws,
00:49:52it made the sound of a waterfall.
00:49:54This giant shark swam at high speed.
00:49:56When the water passed through its mouth
00:49:58and its gills,
00:50:00we would have said a river was flowing.
00:50:02The megalodon
00:50:04did not make a sound,
00:50:06except for the flowing water.
00:50:08Other ancient fish could make sounds,
00:50:10but they were barely heard.
00:50:12I am not talking about whales, dolphins
00:50:14and their ancestors,
00:50:16because they are mammals.
00:50:18Fish communicated on frequencies
00:50:20inaudible to the human ear.
00:50:22Some still have this ability.
00:50:24But overall, the ocean was
00:50:26and remains a rather silent place.
00:50:28So let's go to the ancient lands
00:50:30and see what kind of sounds were produced there.
00:50:32Thanks to modern technology,
00:50:34scientists can recreate
00:50:36the sounds produced by many
00:50:38missing species.
00:50:40By using scanners,
00:50:42they discovered that some dinosaurs
00:50:44had complex systems of small holes
00:50:46in the skull that allowed them
00:50:48to produce a wide range of sounds
00:50:50and regulate the temperature of their bodies.
00:50:52And we managed to recreate them.
00:50:54The Vegavis,
00:50:56an ancient bird that lived
00:50:58from 79 to 145 million years ago,
00:51:00emitted a cry similar to that
00:51:02of some lowland birds
00:51:04such as ducks and eagles.
00:51:06But this creature
00:51:08did it in a much more frightening way.
00:51:10Scientists discovered it
00:51:12thanks to a syrinx fossil
00:51:14found in 2016 in Antarctica.
00:51:16It is the oldest vocal organ
00:51:18known in the world.
00:51:20It helped the Vegavis
00:51:22to produce a double quaking.
00:51:24Imagine a nut and a duck
00:51:26and multiply the volume.
00:51:28That's what its cry sounded like.
00:51:30Other flying reptiles,
00:51:32such as the pterodactyl,
00:51:34could not cry like the Vegavis
00:51:36because it did not have a syrinx.
00:51:38These winged monsters could groan,
00:51:40whistle and clack their beaks
00:51:42and it was already very effective.
00:51:44Take any great basketball player.
00:51:46The pterodactyl's skull
00:51:48was slightly larger.
00:51:50Imagine the noise the dinosaur made
00:51:52when it clacked such a beak.
00:51:54It must have been enough
00:51:56to frighten the other creatures.
00:51:58You probably know the noise
00:52:00a tyrannosaur makes thanks to movies
00:52:02and you would recognize
00:52:04among thousands of roaring sounds
00:52:06like a trombone, a vacuum
00:52:08and a horn.
00:52:10Well, this roaring is not really
00:52:12close to the real sound
00:52:14that this monster could emit.
00:52:16Thanks to modern technology
00:52:18and well-preserved fossils,
00:52:20scientists have managed
00:52:22to create a program
00:52:24that allows you to hear
00:52:26its terrifying roar.
00:52:28You press play
00:52:30and it sounds like a gasp.
00:52:32The cry of the Tyrannosaurus Rex
00:52:34was more like that of a bird
00:52:36and not of a mammal.
00:52:38But it was not just a cry.
00:52:40It used its nostrils to scream
00:52:42and not its mouth.
00:52:44A growl came out of its chest
00:52:46and looked like a siren with more bass.
00:52:48It looked much more intimidating
00:52:50than what we see in the movies.
00:52:52It was louder than all the trumpets
00:52:54of a symphonic orchestra.
00:52:56And it did it only
00:52:58through its nose.
00:53:00We do not know for sure
00:53:02if it could roar or not by its mouth.
00:53:04We can also hear the sound
00:53:06of long-nosed dinosaurs in movies.
00:53:08Their cries were similar to those of elephants.
00:53:10Something between a saxophone
00:53:12and a car horn.
00:53:14But in fact, these big creatures
00:53:16were whispering.
00:53:18Almost all mammals
00:53:20emit sounds through their laryngeal nerves.
00:53:22This nerve goes down along the neck,
00:53:24then goes around the blood vessels
00:53:26of the chest and back to the larynx.
00:53:28Basically, the brain gives a signal
00:53:30and it travels twice the distance
00:53:32of the neck before going out through the mouth.
00:53:34Remember the long neck
00:53:36of these dinosaurs.
00:53:38It was the height of a five-story building.
00:53:40But the vocal signal
00:53:42had to travel the equivalent
00:53:44of ten floors.
00:53:46It took a long time,
00:53:48which affected their roar.
00:53:50So when they wanted to emit a sound,
00:53:52they simply whistled like a giant viper.
00:53:54But the most detailed sound
00:53:56that scientists have managed to obtain
00:53:58is that of the Parasaurolophus.
00:54:00We recognize this herbivorous dinosaur
00:54:02thanks to its long crest
00:54:04at the back of its head.
00:54:06In movies and documentaries,
00:54:08it is used to fight its opponents.
00:54:10Some scientists think
00:54:12they also used it to drop
00:54:14the leaves of trees.
00:54:16Others think they needed it
00:54:18to improve its odor.
00:54:20But it turned out that in addition
00:54:22to defending and fighting,
00:54:24they used their crest to emit
00:54:26powerful and frightening sounds
00:54:28in different tones.
00:54:30Scientists reproduced them
00:54:32with fantastic precision
00:54:34thanks to the structure
00:54:36of this hard tissue.
00:54:38Almost all living beings
00:54:40with a voice use soft organs
00:54:42but the Parasaurolophus had solid ones.
00:54:44On a skull,
00:54:46we noticed that tubes connected
00:54:48the nostrils to the crest
00:54:50and came back to the latter.
00:54:52It was like a turntable,
00:54:54a curved instrument.
00:54:56This proves that this dinosaur
00:54:58used the crest located
00:55:00at the back of its head
00:55:02to amplify its cries,
00:55:04which allowed it to clarify
00:55:06so that its relatives
00:55:08could hear it in the forest.
00:55:10It was like a trumpet
00:55:12with the cry of a walnut
00:55:14with a car horn
00:55:16and adds low frequencies
00:55:18and then increases the volume.
00:55:20That's what the Parasaurolophus
00:55:22was like.
00:55:24That's also what my class
00:55:26of CM1 was like.
00:55:28You can listen to different
00:55:30sounds of this dinosaur
00:55:32on the Internet.
00:55:34It emitted different tones
00:55:36to create complex social links.
00:55:38We just heard the sound
00:55:40of some ancient reptiles.
00:55:42But what about the ancient insects?
00:55:44They didn't have vocal cords
00:55:46but they used friction
00:55:48between some parts of their bodies.
00:55:50Look at the modern crickets
00:55:52fluttering with their wings.
00:55:54One wing has tiny notches
00:55:56and the other has the shape of a mediator.
00:55:58Pass the tip of your finger
00:56:00on the teeth of a plastic comb.
00:56:02It's the same principle.
00:56:04Their wings vibrate and create sounds
00:56:06The crickets were very different
00:56:08from the modern insects
00:56:10who were much noisier.
00:56:12The sound emitted was more like a whistle.
00:56:14With high frequency waves
00:56:16they could also communicate secretly
00:56:18as if they were doing it
00:56:20on a secure radio channel.
00:56:22If you heard that,
00:56:24you would probably have trouble falling asleep.
00:56:26Today, our crickets are less noisy
00:56:28because they use more high frequencies.
00:56:30The higher-pitched waves
00:56:32propagate less far,
00:56:34so a bat may not hear them.
00:56:36Imagine the noise of the jungle at that time.
00:56:38The powerful crickets' whistling
00:56:40hurts your ears.
00:56:42Then you hear the whistling of a brachiosaur.
00:56:44The clacking of a pterodactyl's beak
00:56:46makes the sound of thunder.
00:56:48Then you hear the sound of trumpets
00:56:50somewhere in the jungle.
00:56:52These are parasaurolophus
00:56:54communicating with each other.
00:56:56And then you are scared by the siren of a tyrannosaur.
00:56:58It's impossible to find peace
00:57:00in such conditions.
00:57:02Humans appeared several million years later.
00:57:06Scientists managed to discover
00:57:08what the sound of our ancestors
00:57:10looked like.
00:57:12They carefully examined the position
00:57:14of the mouth, nose and throat
00:57:16on the skeleton of the Neanderthal man.
00:57:18His voice was similar to ours,
00:57:20but the phonetic range of an adult
00:57:22was the same as if he was 2 or 3 years old.
00:57:24A kind of mumbling
00:57:26without consonants.
00:57:28The study of the skull did not allow
00:57:30to find the exact voice of the Neanderthals,
00:57:32but in 2007, scientists
00:57:34extracted DNA samples
00:57:36from their bones.
00:57:38They found a variation of the gene
00:57:40corresponding to human speech.
00:57:42Scientists believe that the Neanderthals
00:57:44fought with the Homo sapiens.
00:57:46As a result of this conflict,
00:57:48their species went extinct.
00:57:50But the discovered gene indicates
00:57:52that they could also have other links between them.
00:57:54Maybe the Neanderthals
00:57:56could understand their language
00:57:59It is possible that you have a dog
00:58:01wagging its tail around your house
00:58:03or sniffing at your feet.
00:58:05But have you ever admired
00:58:07the finesse of your dog Louis?
00:58:09I mean, he can perceive the opening
00:58:11of a bag of chips even if you are
00:58:13on another floor of the house.
00:58:15Even with this incredible ability,
00:58:17most domestic dogs do not have
00:58:19the best hearing of the animal kingdom.
00:58:21In fact, they are not even in the top 5.
00:58:23On this note, let's venture
00:58:25into the world of Louis Animal
00:58:27and try to imagine what life
00:58:29looks like for other creatures.
00:58:33The fact is that we humans
00:58:35are rather strong.
00:58:37We have all kinds of talents.
00:58:39But when it comes to Louis Fine's
00:58:41Olympic Games, we are not even
00:58:43qualified for the competition.
00:58:45Put us next to a cat or a bat
00:58:47and our ears seem rather basic.
00:58:49Take, for example, elephants.
00:58:51They are large animals
00:58:53and their ears are just as big.
00:58:55However, these are not ordinary
00:58:57sound waves.
00:58:59These are low-frequency murmurs
00:59:01that are inaudible to us.
00:59:03This means that elephants can hear
00:59:05things such as the movement
00:59:07of rain clouds.
00:59:09Not only that, but these mastodons
00:59:11also have a rather clever way
00:59:13of communicating.
00:59:15They hammer the ground,
00:59:17creating barely perceptible vibrations.
00:59:19But for elephants, these vibrations
00:59:21are the equivalent of a long-distance
00:59:23walk through their feet
00:59:25and through the bones of their ears,
00:59:27even when they are several kilometers away.
00:59:29This is what we call a very good reception.
00:59:35Now let's move on to bats.
00:59:37They have mastered the art of night tracking
00:59:39thanks to their ability to echolocate.
00:59:41These animals emit
00:59:43very high-frequency sounds
00:59:45that are echoed after hitting objects.
00:59:47This echo helps bats
00:59:49to build a mental map
00:59:51so that they can easily move in the dark.
00:59:53And when we thought that bats
00:59:55couldn't be cooler,
00:59:57scientists discovered that their auditory
00:59:59abilities extended to their wings.
01:00:01Special hairs called
01:00:03Merkel's epidermal cells
01:00:05detect air movements,
01:00:07helping bats to detect objects in front of them.
01:00:09This is not the ordinary noise
01:00:11we are used to,
01:00:13but it is a fantastic adaptation
01:00:15to their environment.
01:00:17Dolphins, on the other hand,
01:00:19have a special ability to detect
01:00:21underwater objects.
01:00:23To begin with,
01:00:25one might think that living underwater
01:00:27would be an obstacle to hearing.
01:00:29But dolphins have turned this challenge
01:00:31into an advantage.
01:00:33They have developed their own version
01:00:35of echolocation
01:00:37and emit sound impulses
01:00:39from their foreheads.
01:00:41These sounds bounce on objects
01:00:43and are captured by the dolphin's jaw
01:00:45before being transmitted to the brain
01:00:47as is the case with us.
01:00:49Instead, dolphins have found innovative
01:00:51ways to listen, proving once again
01:00:53how incredible animals are.
01:00:55Don't let their
01:00:57domestic status deceive you.
01:00:59Your cats and dogs are champions
01:01:01of hearing. Ears of cats
01:01:03are designed to capture sounds
01:01:05at high frequencies up to 50 meters away.
01:01:07Practical to catch mice,
01:01:09isn't it?
01:01:11Dogs, on the other hand, are pros
01:01:13when it comes to locating sounds
01:01:15in the muscles around their ears.
01:01:17Have you ever seen your dog
01:01:19straighten his ear when he hears
01:01:21something suspicious?
01:01:23It is his sharp ear that is at work.
01:01:27Even the smallest beings
01:01:29that roam around us, like insects,
01:01:31can listen to the world.
01:01:33In fact, some insects
01:01:35have something similar
01:01:37to our human eardrums.
01:01:39It is a small delicate membrane
01:01:41called the tympanic organ.
01:01:43This organ is connected
01:01:45with the sound waves.
01:01:47This vibration is then transformed
01:01:49into a signal that our brain
01:01:51can understand.
01:01:53Well, you've probably heard
01:01:55the night serenade of crickets
01:01:57or the frightened rhythm
01:01:59of cicadas in the summer.
01:02:01These little melomans
01:02:03use precisely this type
01:02:05of configuration to listen
01:02:07to the world around them.
01:02:09This is not all, however.
01:02:11This structure is
01:02:13what is called the Johnstone organ.
01:02:15Take, for example, mosquitoes,
01:02:17bees, or even drosophiles.
01:02:19They use their antennas
01:02:21not only to locate their path,
01:02:23but also to listen to the world.
01:02:25Even better,
01:02:27sphinxes, these nocturnal
01:02:29and twilight butterflies,
01:02:31have a unique organ nestled
01:02:33in their mouths.
01:02:35It is like a superpower
01:02:37that would allow them to hear
01:02:39and avoid the dangerous
01:02:41dives of bats.
01:02:47For what is Louis' ultimate trophy,
01:02:49the animal kingdom has
01:02:51a very special champion.
01:02:53It's another night butterfly.
01:02:55Not just any butterfly, however.
01:02:57It is the false dengue of wax,
01:02:59studied by researchers
01:03:01based in Glasgow, Scotland.
01:03:03They have a fascinating knowledge
01:03:05of these butterflies,
01:03:07so pay attention.
01:03:09Just to give you a little context,
01:03:11the false dengue
01:03:13is not distinguished by its appearance.
01:03:15It is just brownish.
01:03:17As far as its daily routine is concerned,
01:03:19it loves to nibble
01:03:21honey alveoli.
01:03:23Although it merges perfectly
01:03:25into the animal kingdom,
01:03:27it has a hell of a pair of ears.
01:03:29How thin is its nest,
01:03:31you ask?
01:03:33Well, it has been discovered
01:03:35that it can detect sounds
01:03:37at frequencies up to 300 kHz.
01:03:39In comparison,
01:03:41our human ears can only detect
01:03:43sounds of about 20 kHz.
01:03:45This capacity,
01:03:47already not impressive,
01:03:49drops to about 15 kHz
01:03:51as we age.
01:03:53Even dolphins cannot compete
01:03:55with the false dengue.
01:03:57They can only hear sounds
01:03:59up to about 160 kHz.
01:04:01You are probably wondering
01:04:03why a butterfly would need
01:04:05such a developed ear.
01:04:07Scientists explain that the reason
01:04:09behind this extraordinary hearing
01:04:11lies in its survival instinct,
01:04:13its fear of predation,
01:04:15to be precise.
01:04:17Bats use high-frequency
01:04:19echolocation signals
01:04:21to detect their delicious
01:04:23butterfly meal,
01:04:25among so many other insects.
01:04:27But these ingenious little myths
01:04:29have evolved to capture frequencies
01:04:31that butterflies may need
01:04:33to hear at such frequencies.
01:04:35During their research,
01:04:37specialists realized
01:04:39that their ultrasound recordings
01:04:41had some shortcomings.
01:04:43So there is a chance
01:04:45that bats are capable
01:04:47of emitting signals
01:04:49at such high frequencies
01:04:51that butterflies can hear them.
01:04:53To discover this,
01:04:55scientists have used
01:04:57a special ultrasound device.
01:04:59We then observed the reaction
01:05:01of night butterflies
01:05:03by means of electrodes
01:05:05to measure their neuronal responses.
01:05:07The practical implications
01:05:09of these researches
01:05:11could be considerable.
01:05:13Understanding the internal
01:05:15functioning of the ear
01:05:17of false dengue could have
01:05:19a great impact on technology.
01:05:21This knowledge could help
01:05:23researchers design
01:05:25tiny microphones, for example.
01:05:27These tiny creatures crawling
01:05:29on the ground like titans
01:05:31swimming in the ocean
01:05:33are capable of capturing
01:05:35certain sound frequencies
01:05:37that our human ears
01:05:39simply cannot detect.
01:05:41However,
01:05:43researchers have made
01:05:45a fascinating discovery.
01:05:47They have shown,
01:05:49for the first time,
01:05:51that our ability
01:05:53to detect tiny differences
01:05:55in the sound of animals
01:05:57can be used
01:05:59to record the activity
01:06:01of individual neurons
01:06:03in the auditory cortex.
01:06:05It is a part of our brain
01:06:07that plays a major role
01:06:09in the sound processing
01:06:11while we are exposed
01:06:13to various sounds.
01:06:15You see,
01:06:17most of what we know
01:06:19about the auditory cortex
01:06:21was discovered
01:06:23by those who were
01:06:25treated in our own auditory system.
01:06:27But they did not really allow us
01:06:29to know what distinguished us,
01:06:31humans, in the way
01:06:33we perceive sounds.
01:06:35When researchers tested
01:06:37how we reacted
01:06:39to artificial sounds,
01:06:41they discovered that the neurons
01:06:43of our auditory cortex responded
01:06:45with a surprising level of precision
01:06:47to certain specific frequencies.
01:06:49They could even detect
01:06:51individual neurons.
01:06:53It is a level of detail
01:06:55that we generally do not find
01:06:57in the auditory cortex of other mammals.
01:06:59The only exception
01:07:01could be bats,
01:07:03which use their ears
01:07:05in a rather unique way.
01:07:07But this could explain
01:07:09why we can distinguish
01:07:11frequencies better than animals.
01:07:13It seems that the way
01:07:15our brains treat them
01:07:17has some particular characteristics.
01:07:19Like conversations,
01:07:21music and everyday sounds,
01:07:23neurons have shown
01:07:25complex activity patterns.
01:07:27These patterns could not be fully explained
01:07:29by the only selectivity of neurons.
01:07:31Studies on animals
01:07:33have shown similar phenomena,
01:07:35but it was the first time
01:07:37that we observed this in humans.
01:07:39There are sharks that shine in the dark.
01:07:41For example, sharks swell.
01:07:43They live in the dark depths of the ocean,
01:07:45about 518 meters
01:07:47under the surface.
01:07:49No one knows exactly why,
01:07:51but they emit a fluorescent glow
01:07:53that only other sharks can see.
01:07:55Scientists have detected this glow
01:07:57by using filters that block yellow light.
01:07:59They think this could be
01:08:01the way for these big fish
01:08:03to communicate with their friends.
01:08:05This glow helps these sharks
01:08:07to fight infections at the microbial level.
01:08:09Cormorants have secret passwords
01:08:11that they use to recognize each other.
01:08:13They are a specific type of parasitic bird
01:08:15because they lay their eggs
01:08:17in the nests of other species of birds.
01:08:19Young cormorants have an internal mechanism
01:08:21that allows them to recognize
01:08:23the song of their species
01:08:25as a kind of secret password
01:08:27that only they know.
01:08:29This is how they manage
01:08:31to find other birds of their species.
01:08:33A grizzly has an incredibly strong bite force.
01:08:35It may seem cute,
01:08:37but if you get close to this big guy,
01:08:39you'd better stay away
01:08:41from its sharp claws
01:08:43Its bite force is more than 8 million Pascals,
01:08:45which means it can crush
01:08:47a bowling ball.
01:08:49Some animals have thick stripes,
01:08:51others are more superficial.
01:08:53Tigers are part of the first group.
01:08:55Not only their fur is striped,
01:08:57but their skin is too.
01:08:59It's the same for other big fur felines
01:09:01like snow leopards.
01:09:03Giraffes and zebras
01:09:05are part of the second group
01:09:07because they have patterns
01:09:09only on their fur.
01:09:11Speaking of zebras,
01:09:13do you think they are black with white stripes
01:09:15or white with black stripes?
01:09:17At first glance,
01:09:19it seems that the second option is the right one.
01:09:21Their black stripes end mainly
01:09:23inside their legs and on their bellies
01:09:25and the rest is white.
01:09:27But it's not true.
01:09:29Surprisingly, they are black with white stripes.
01:09:31All their fur, whether white or black,
01:09:33grows from follicles
01:09:35that contain cells called melanocytes.
01:09:37All animals have these cells.
01:09:39They produce a pigment called melanin
01:09:41that gives color to their hair
01:09:43and skin.
01:09:45In zebras, chemical messages
01:09:47indicate which melanocytes send the pigment
01:09:49to which area of the fur.
01:09:51That's why zebras have a black and white pattern.
01:09:53But white is not a pure pigment.
01:09:55It's a lack of melanin.
01:09:57Black is therefore their default color.
01:09:59Koalas have fingerprints
01:10:01so close to ours
01:10:03that they could even alter crime scenes.
01:10:05Apparently, they don't have much in common
01:10:07with humans.
01:10:09But take a closer look at their hands.
01:10:11They have loops and distinctive arches
01:10:13so if a koala wants to do something illegal,
01:10:15he'd better wear gloves.
01:10:17Phantom crabs
01:10:19growl when they are in the presence
01:10:21of creatures they don't like
01:10:23or find threatening.
01:10:25They do it by using their teeth from their stomach.
01:10:27First, they let you know that they will defend themselves
01:10:29if you try something
01:10:31by showing you their claws.
01:10:33If it doesn't work,
01:10:35you can use your hands
01:10:37like dogs.
01:10:39But the noise comes from the rubbing
01:10:41of their three long and hard teeth
01:10:43inside their stomach.
01:10:45Phantom crabs make the same noise
01:10:47when they chew food.
01:10:49Speaking of teeth,
01:10:51did you know that narwhals' defenses
01:10:53are actually a kind of upside-down teeth?
01:10:55Unlike most other whales,
01:10:57narwhals are the only ones
01:10:59to have a large defense
01:11:01or teeth that grow inside their jaws.
01:11:03Narwhals have nervous endings
01:11:05that are not protected,
01:11:07which means that their defense
01:11:09is very sensitive to any kind of contact.
01:11:11It's almost like a piece of skin
01:11:13because defenses generally don't have
01:11:15a lot of nervous endings.
01:11:17Nearly 95% of humans are right-handed
01:11:19and it's the same for great dolphins.
01:11:21There are even more right-handed among them
01:11:23than among humans.
01:11:25In a research, scientists discovered
01:11:27that great dolphins turn to the left
01:11:29more than 99% of the time,
01:11:31which means that they are right-handed.
01:11:33They place their right side and their right eye
01:11:35closer to the bottom of the ocean
01:11:37when they go looking for their prey,
01:11:39such as squids, shrimps or small fish.
01:11:41Other interesting facts about the ocean.
01:11:43Did you know that humpback whales
01:11:45use bubbles when they chase their prey?
01:11:47One might think that they don't need
01:11:49any particular method given their size,
01:11:51but when they throw their prey
01:11:53into the deep waters,
01:11:55these whales team up
01:11:57and use a technique called bubble netting.
01:11:59In an ascending spiral,
01:12:01they blow bubbles underwater.
01:12:03These bubbles prevent the fish from escaping.
01:12:05The oldest evidence that we have
01:12:07of domesticated cats dates back to 12,000 years ago.
01:12:09Researchers discovered it nearly 20 years ago
01:12:11by digging in an ancient village in Cyprus.
01:12:13They found bones of cats
01:12:15right next to human bones,
01:12:17which suggests that they were close
01:12:19even when their lives were coming to an end.
01:12:21Humans were hunters,
01:12:23so they domesticated dogs first
01:12:25about 29,000 years ago.
01:12:27Dogs helped them catch
01:12:29other animals,
01:12:31but they didn't think they needed cats
01:12:33until they began to sedentary
01:12:35and stock up on food.
01:12:37Mice are often found
01:12:39in cereal warehouses,
01:12:41and cats proved to be very useful
01:12:43at this time.
01:12:45Macaws are very ingenious
01:12:47when they want to scratch themselves.
01:12:49They may be proud of their magnificent beak,
01:12:51but they obviously think
01:12:53it's not enough to scratch themselves.
01:12:55We noticed that they spontaneously
01:12:57take a small wooden stick
01:12:59to scratch a place that eats them.
01:13:01There is a special type of ant
01:13:03that only lives in a small part
01:13:05of Manhattan.
01:13:07Broadway Square,
01:13:09between 63rd and 76th Streets,
01:13:11is the place that these rampant creatures
01:13:13have decided to choose.
01:13:15The manatee ant seems to come from Europe,
01:13:17but no European species
01:13:19can really look like it.
01:13:21Hey, Potter fans,
01:13:23is this a thing like a chocolate frog?
01:13:25Well, not exactly,
01:13:27but it looks like it.
01:13:29New Guinea and Australia
01:13:31have not always been separated.
01:13:33They spent millions of years together
01:13:35until, about 12,000 years ago,
01:13:37the level of the seas separated them.
01:13:39As they stayed together for so long,
01:13:41some animals and some plants
01:13:43still live in the two regions,
01:13:45including the White Rhinos.
01:13:47These frogs have spread very far,
01:13:49and some of them,
01:13:51as well as some of the other frogs
01:13:53and swampy waterfowl
01:13:55surrounded by many crocodiles,
01:13:57seem to be in chocolate.
01:13:59We all know the Pink Flamingos
01:14:01for their particular color,
01:14:03but they are not really pink.
01:14:05They are born gray,
01:14:07and would remain so
01:14:09if they did not feed on blue algae
01:14:11and shrimp.
01:14:13These foods contain a specific natural color,
01:14:15which explains why the feathers
01:14:17of Pink Flamingos
01:14:19have lasting bonds.
01:14:21Cows also have stronger
01:14:23social bonds than we think.
01:14:25They like to socialize
01:14:27and make lasting friendships.
01:14:29A study even revealed
01:14:31that their heart rate increases
01:14:33in signs of stress
01:14:35when they are separated
01:14:37from their best friends.
01:14:39Imagine that you can simply
01:14:41freeze during the cold winter days
01:14:43instead of listening to your teeth
01:14:45and trying to close your jacket.
01:14:47The Pink Flamingos
01:14:49mainly live underwater
01:14:51and spend most of the winter
01:14:53at the bottom of a pond,
01:14:55a lake, or another pond.
01:14:57Frogs and toads
01:14:59generally have cold blood,
01:15:01which means that the temperature
01:15:03of their bodies
01:15:05adopts that of their environment.
01:15:07Thus, frogs can freeze during the winter
01:15:09due to a high concentration of sugar
01:15:11or glucose in their vital organs.
01:15:13Once thawed,
01:15:15they can move at a speed
01:15:17of 40 km per hour
01:15:19and project ink that not only
01:15:21fogs up the predator's field of vision
01:15:23but also darkens it.
01:15:25Toads also have 9 brains,
01:15:27the central brain and 8 smaller brains
01:15:29located in their arms.
01:15:31This is why their arms can open a shell
01:15:33while the central brain
01:15:35is busy doing something else.
01:15:37A toad even tastes with its arms.
01:15:39They have cells in their gills
01:15:41that allow the arm to touch and taste
01:15:43in order to detect the chemical substances
01:15:45produced by marine creatures.
01:15:47In this way, a toad can
01:15:49distinguish its prey from rocks.
01:15:51It's just an ordinary day.
01:15:53As usual, you take a shower
01:15:55before you start
01:15:57getting ready for work.
01:15:59Everything goes as planned
01:16:01until everything goes to shit.
01:16:03A clumsy gesture,
01:16:05a little water spilled on the floor
01:16:07and here you are fighting
01:16:09with your arms in the air,
01:16:11the ground shaking at a frightening speed.
01:16:13Everything turns black.
01:16:15The first thing you hear
01:16:17is a high whistle in your head.
01:16:19Ouch, your head!
01:16:21Ouch!
01:16:23You get up with caution.
01:16:25There is no blood
01:16:27and that's even better.
01:16:29What is even better
01:16:31is that the annoying noise
01:16:33stops abruptly.
01:16:35By holding your head,
01:16:37you get out of the bathroom
01:16:39and then a clear voice in your head
01:16:41says to you,
01:16:43you big clumsy!
01:16:45You turn your head with fear
01:16:47but you don't see anyone.
01:16:49There is only you and... Milo?
01:16:51You probably hit your head
01:16:53harder than you thought.
01:16:55You raise your shoulders
01:16:57and you go to the kitchen.
01:16:59Milo follows you.
01:17:01You hear incessant snoring.
01:17:03Why can he sleep in the room
01:17:05when I am forbidden to stay?
01:17:07Milo is too lazy.
01:17:09Should I scratch the sofa
01:17:11or leave a mouse on his pillow?
01:17:13The first thought that comes to mind
01:17:15is, are there mice in the house?
01:17:17The second is more relevant.
01:17:19I'm losing the ball.
01:17:21Great!
01:17:23In automatic driving mode,
01:17:25you pour a little milk into Milo's bowl
01:17:27and you fill another one with croquettes.
01:17:29The cat doesn't seem satisfied
01:17:31with your speed,
01:17:33if we believe his...
01:17:35Ok,
01:17:37now you will have to live
01:17:39knowing that your beloved cat Milo
01:17:41actually has the character
01:17:43of a grumpy old man.
01:17:45You decide to lock yourself
01:17:47in the bathroom again
01:17:49because you start to feel exhausted.
01:17:51You sit heavily on the toilet cover
01:17:53and you miss falling from your throne
01:17:55upside down when you hear
01:17:57noisy arguments.
01:17:59After looking around you,
01:18:01you discover that apparently
01:18:03there are not only mice
01:18:05but also cockroaches in your house.
01:18:07Simply amazing!
01:18:09Currently, you have your eyes fixed
01:18:11on a couple of these insects
01:18:13who seem to be fighting.
01:18:15At least one of them accuses the other of...
01:18:17Wait, what? Cheating?
01:18:19You've heard enough.
01:18:21You are about to leave the bathroom
01:18:23when you hear a BANG!
01:18:25In the bathroom, you find your cat on the floor
01:18:27under a broken flower pot.
01:18:29The worst part is that he looks really injured.
01:18:31He keeps moaning and meowing.
01:18:33I'm in pain! I'm in pain!
01:18:35My leg! Ouch! Ouch!
01:18:37But the sofa can't be left
01:18:39without scratches today.
01:18:41You catch Milo,
01:18:43push him into his van
01:18:45Hey, watch out, biped!
01:18:47and you head to the clinic.
01:18:49On the way, you have to concentrate
01:18:51hard to block the noise
01:18:53of the countless voices harassing you.
01:18:55The vet's waiting room is full.
01:18:57You'll have to wait a long time.
01:18:59Half an hour later,
01:19:01your head is ready to explode.
01:19:05You discover that this yellow python
01:19:07is suspiciously interested
01:19:09in the hamster that the girl
01:19:11in the corner is holding against her chest.
01:19:13So...
01:19:15So pretty!
01:19:17The hamster is worried about his reserve of nuts.
01:19:19Where did I hide them?
01:19:21Where? Where? Where?
01:19:23A little dog with a damaged leg
01:19:25is afraid of needles.
01:19:27If this pointy thing gets close to me again,
01:19:29they'll regret it.
01:19:31I'll destroy everyone on my way.
01:19:33Your turn has finally come.
01:19:35The vet invites you to her office
01:19:37and you lean to pick up Milo
01:19:39when a desperate young man
01:19:41makes an eruption in the room.
01:19:43My hamster, what's wrong with him?
01:19:45The vet looks at you
01:19:47apologizing, but you are
01:19:49focused on the hamster.
01:19:51He looks weak,
01:19:53but you manage to understand the words
01:19:55of his heart.
01:19:57When you tell the vet and the anxious owner
01:19:59that the hamster ate chocolate,
01:20:01which is actually a poison for dogs,
01:20:03they look at you with a funny look
01:20:05and disappear into the doctor's office.
01:20:07Some time later,
01:20:09the guy comes out holding the dog
01:20:11who looks much better than before.
01:20:13When they're gone, the vet turns to you.
01:20:15How did you figure out that this dog
01:20:17had eaten chocolate? Oh, here we are!
01:20:19You decide that honesty
01:20:21is the best strategy
01:20:23and you tell the vet that you can understand
01:20:25what the animals are saying.
01:20:27Of course, she doesn't believe you.
01:20:31You have to make an effort to persuade her,
01:20:33but with the help of two other dogs,
01:20:35Milo and an old squirrel,
01:20:37you manage to make her believe
01:20:39what you're saying.
01:20:41When you get home,
01:20:43your head is spinning
01:20:45and you are very hungry.
01:20:47You only think of eggs and bacon.
01:20:49Yum!
01:20:51Wait, bacon?
01:20:53But it's...
01:20:55Oh-oh, apparently from today
01:20:57you've become a vegetarian.
01:20:59Anyway,
01:21:01that's when everything changes.
01:21:03You don't know how it happened,
01:21:05but you become famous
01:21:07overnight.
01:21:09The next morning, a loud noise wakes you up
01:21:11and it's not like animals
01:21:13were talking to you.
01:21:15You look out the window and you see
01:21:17a crowd of people gathered around your house.
01:21:19Some are journalists,
01:21:21but others are owners of pets
01:21:23who came to ask you for help.
01:21:27Milo is not happy.
01:21:29While growling non-stop
01:21:31and calling you by all the names,
01:21:33he bites your leg and takes refuge under the stairs.
01:21:35And you,
01:21:37you go out of your house to talk to people
01:21:39and answer questions from journalists.
01:21:41In the evening, you are exhausted,
01:21:43but also happy.
01:21:45You saved several animals today.
01:21:47They had serious health problems
01:21:49and psychological disorders
01:21:51that their owner could not solve alone.
01:21:53Lying in your bed in the dark,
01:21:55you think about
01:21:57how you could use your powers.
01:21:59That's when your plan
01:22:01takes shape.
01:22:03Soon, you become the specialist
01:22:05in animal care
01:22:07the most renowned in the world.
01:22:09You listen to the animals talk about their problems,
01:22:11you relieve them of their depression,
01:22:13and you help them solve misunderstandings
01:22:15with their owner.
01:22:17TV shows invite you for interviews.
01:22:19Your YouTube channel develops every day.
01:22:21People recognize you in the street
01:22:23and ask you to take pictures with them.
01:22:25You travel the world.
01:22:27You help endangered species
01:22:29and give lectures.
01:22:31You open veterinary clinics
01:22:33all over the world
01:22:35and invite the best professionals to work there.
01:22:37You never feel alone.
01:22:39There is always someone to talk to
01:22:41or listen to.
01:22:43At least a few birds
01:22:45when you walk in the park
01:22:47or a few fish
01:22:49when you have a rare moment of rest on the beach.
01:22:51At the same time,
01:22:53you have become aware of the number of animals
01:22:55begging for help,
01:22:57but no one can hear them.
01:22:59You then decide to take on
01:23:01the role of their spokesperson.
01:23:03It turns out that you are now famous
01:23:05not only in the world of humans
01:23:07but also in that of animals.
01:23:09They are grateful
01:23:11for the many natural disasters
01:23:13that are about to happen on the planet.
01:23:15You have heard
01:23:17that animals could predict
01:23:19earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
01:23:21And if before people had to make efforts
01:23:23to notice the unusual behavior
01:23:25of certain species,
01:23:27now animals simply
01:23:29transmit information
01:23:31about what is going to happen and where.
01:23:33With time, you notice
01:23:35that you spend less time among people
01:23:37and more time with animals.
01:23:39Together, you plan campaigns
01:23:41against zoos, circuses and other places
01:23:43where animals are held against their will.
01:23:45And then one day,
01:23:47the unthinkable happens.
01:23:49You go home
01:23:51when a black truck stops next to you.
01:23:53Several masked guys catch you
01:23:55and push you inside.
01:23:57The doors close behind you.
01:23:59Inside,
01:24:01you discover that several influential people
01:24:03are not happy with your activity.
01:24:05You realize
01:24:07that your trip is not going to end well.
01:24:09The guys blindfold you
01:24:11and drive you somewhere.
01:24:13But at some point, you lose your footing
01:24:15and hit your head against something.
01:24:17Very hard!
01:24:19You open your eyes. Milo stands above you
01:24:21and looks at your extended body
01:24:23with a certain indifference.
01:24:25And then the most terrible thing
01:24:27happens.
01:24:29He meows what looks like an entire sentence,
01:24:31turns around
01:24:33and gets out of the bathroom.
01:24:35You don't understand a single meowing
01:24:37of what he says.
01:24:39Was it all just a dream?
01:24:41It turns out that sea stars
01:24:43don't have a head.
01:24:45They are the head.
01:24:47When you look at a sea star,
01:24:49you probably think it has only five arms.
01:24:51Scientists have always been curious
01:24:53to know why sea stars looked like that
01:24:55and, in particular, where their heads really were.
01:24:57Most creatures, including us,
01:24:59have bilaterally symmetrical bodies.
01:25:01This means that you can
01:25:03draw a line in the middle
01:25:05and get two sides that correspond.
01:25:07But sea stars, as well as flat urchins
01:25:09and sea anemones, are different.
01:25:11They have a radial symmetry,
01:25:13which means that their bodies
01:25:15have identical parts
01:25:17but distributed from the center.
01:25:19Sea stars, or asteris,
01:25:21are particular because of this
01:25:23symmetry with five branches.
01:25:25And they can be divided into five equal parts.
01:25:27To make this discovery,
01:25:29scientists used a technique
01:25:31called ARN tomography,
01:25:33which helps study genes.
01:25:35They focused on those
01:25:37that determined the outer layer,
01:25:39including the nervous system.
01:25:41Surprisingly, the associated genes
01:25:43were active in the head of the sea star
01:25:45as well as in its arms.
01:25:47However, the genes linked to the trunk
01:25:49were barely active.
01:25:51This suggests that sea stars
01:25:53have a unique separation
01:25:55between their heads and their bodies.
01:25:57The study raised new questions
01:25:59about sea creatures
01:26:01and what their ancestors with trunks
01:26:03could have looked like
01:26:05based on their fossils.
01:26:07It also showed that the genes
01:26:09active in the nervous system
01:26:11of an anteropneus
01:26:13were also active in the skin
01:26:15of the sea star,
01:26:17covering its entire body.
01:26:19These genes are the most active
01:26:21in the center of each arm,
01:26:23changing to the extremity
01:26:25to look more like the genes
01:26:27All this questioned
01:26:29our conception of their anatomy.
01:26:33There is a rumor
01:26:35that Paul McCartney
01:26:37recorded an ultrasonic whistling
01:26:39for his Shetland shepherd
01:26:41at the end of the Beatles' song
01:26:43A Day in the Life.
01:26:45Dogs can perceive these ultrasounds
01:26:47because their hearing is phenomenal.
01:26:49To move a single ear,
01:26:51they must call on 18 different muscles.
01:26:53This allows them to quickly locate
01:26:55and it is another skill
01:26:57where they surpass us by far.
01:26:59Their incredible ears
01:27:01sometimes cast a shadow
01:27:03on their trunks.
01:27:05The odor of dogs
01:27:07is up to 100,000 times
01:27:09sharper than that of humans.
01:27:11When we only have
01:27:13about 5 million olfactory receptors,
01:27:15a hunting dog can count
01:27:17up to 300 million.
01:27:19Another study has shown
01:27:21that dogs and great dolphins
01:27:23make their names
01:27:25when they are separated.
01:27:27This would make them
01:27:29the first animals known for this.
01:27:31These studies have shown
01:27:33that dolphins reproduced
01:27:35the characteristic whistling
01:27:37of one of their own
01:27:39when they were away
01:27:41from their congeners.
01:27:43In the recordings
01:27:45of the research program
01:27:47on Sarasota dolphins,
01:27:49pairs of dolphins
01:27:51are often seen
01:27:53with their heads
01:27:55positioned upside down.
01:27:57This distinctive behavior
01:27:59is linked to the anatomy
01:28:01of their mouths
01:28:03and to the mechanics
01:28:05of their long, elegant necks.
01:28:07These birds are filter animals
01:28:09that use their tongues
01:28:11as effective tamis
01:28:13to sort food.
01:28:15When a dolphin dips its neck
01:28:17in the water,
01:28:19it skillfully swallows
01:28:21the water through
01:28:23extensions in the form
01:28:25of a comb along it.
01:28:27It also uses its tongue
01:28:29to expel the water
01:28:31while retaining all
01:28:33the collected food.
01:28:35If you have watched
01:28:37the film The Wisdom of the Peacock,
01:28:39you may already know
01:28:41that they are able
01:28:43to make links with humans.
01:28:45But this time,
01:28:47the peacock
01:28:49is able to use
01:28:51human blood
01:28:53to make a link
01:28:55between humans
01:28:57and dolphins.
01:28:59This link
01:29:01is also
01:29:03linked
01:29:05by the fact
01:29:07that the peacock
01:29:09is able to make
01:29:11a link
01:29:13between humans
01:29:15their way. They are known to feign death when their life is threatened. If they are
01:29:20confronted with predators, the Opossums try to intimidate their enemies by showing their
01:29:26claws, whistling and groaning. However, when all these tactics fail, the Opossums
01:29:32resign themselves to closing their eyes, and collapse on the side to pretend to be dead.
01:29:36To perfect the illusion, an Opossum can also drool, let his tongue hang and even
01:29:41get on it to better believe in a sudden death. It is remarkable that Opossums can
01:29:46maintain such a state for several hours, waiting to be sure that the threat has disappeared.
01:29:51Monkeys can be very noisy when they call each other. But the cry of the screaming monkey
01:29:59can travel about 5 km if the right conditions are met. Males are generally
01:30:04noisier than females. This sound is actually created by pulling air through the space
01:30:09of a large bone located in the animal's throat. This bone is larger in males than
01:30:13in females. And that's why males scream louder. Polar bears have black skin under
01:30:22all this fur. Their white and fluffy coat is actually translucent. It only looks white
01:30:28because it reflects the visible light and the skin itself is deep black. These
01:30:32plantigrades are just as impressive when it comes to swimming. They can reach a
01:30:37top speed of 10 km per hour in the water, which is rather fast for such large creatures.
01:30:42They can swim for miles and continue for hours. Their big legs are made for
01:30:48swimming. They use them to rummage in the water while their hind legs remain straight
01:30:53and act as a guide, helping them to move. Since we went to see the polar bears,
01:30:59we could just as well add a romantic effect to the manchos. The Papu and Adélie manchos
01:31:05put themselves forward with generous proposals. They offer their potential partners precious
01:31:10pebbles, essential in view of the construction of their nests in the desolate landscapes of
01:31:15Antarctica. If the mancho female accepts this pebble, they are bound for life and ready to
01:31:20mate. Another study revealed that our adorable domestic cats share more than 95% of their
01:31:26genetic heritage with tigers. These charming hairy balls also reproduced many
01:31:32behaviors of their wild parents, such as marking their territory with their smell and
01:31:37the classic tracking and leaping as a game. Biologically, however, the brain of a cat
01:31:44is quite similar to that of a human. We share identical emotional regions in our
01:31:48brains. Cats can also produce up to 100 different sounds.
01:31:52The manchos have tubes, or cylinders, eyepieces. These elongated-shaped eyes do not make the same
01:32:02movement as our ocular globes. Our eyes can move in almost all directions.
01:32:06The manchos, they, must make a complete tour through their body or their head to
01:32:12look around them. All this because of their night vision. To master the art of seeing in
01:32:17the dark, they need large corneas capable of collecting each particle of light.
01:32:22Most nocturnal animals, such as lorillas or tarsiers, have huge eyes to
01:32:28handle this task. But the manchos have small skulls, so that their eyes cannot grow any
01:32:33larger. The manchos are known for their ability to survive, and a key reason for this lies in
01:32:42their unique brain structure. They have two brains, one in their head and one more
01:32:47rudimentary at the level of their abdomen. If they are so difficult to catch, it is because
01:32:53these beasts react extremely quickly. They have small hairs on their hindlegs,
01:32:58which can feel the slightest breeze. When these hairs braid, the mancho does not waste time,
01:33:03it instantly goes into evasion mode. Research has shown that a mancho could
01:33:09react in just one twentieth of a second. So, the moment we turn on the light or catch
01:33:15something to crush it, the mancho is already moving at full speed. Cats can
01:33:21have dreams. Sometimes, you can see the moustaches of your stray cat or its paws
01:33:25giving little kicks while it sleeps. This does not necessarily mean that your animal is having a
01:33:29nightmare. Just take an interest in human sleep to get an idea of what is going on
01:33:34with our feline friends. During paradoxical sleep, or REM, our brain becomes very active,
01:33:40almost as much as it wakes up. This is also the ideal time to dream. REM sleep is thus
01:33:47named because of the rapid movements that our eyes make under our eyelids. But while our
01:33:51eyes can move, the rest of our body remains still. The emphasis is put on what is going on
01:33:56in our heads. This is also true for cats. Apart from a movement here and there, cats
01:34:01generally do not move much when they purr. Well, let's be realistic. We humans,
01:34:08we are rather ordinary. We are not superheroes with superpowers, are we?
01:34:14What? You were not aware? The animal world, on the other hand, has a lot of superheroes.
01:34:22Some creatures go and go eternally, others seem to make fun of the laws of gravity.
01:34:27Others are still immune to venom, and others can finally run on water.
01:34:33Some of them will give you chills. The first superpower on the list is the
01:34:38ability to live without water. Kangaroo rats can run out of water for years. In fact,
01:34:44it does not bother them to live without water. Humans, on the other hand, can only survive
01:34:49three days without water. Human, 0, rat, kangaroo, 1. These little animals live in
01:34:56extremely arid desert areas and must draw water from the seeds and plants they eat.
01:35:01Although this may seem a little worrying, kangaroo rats also know how to extract water
01:35:07from their urine before going to the toilet. Thus, they do not lose a single drop of this
01:35:12precious moisture. This could prove useful during sports events.
01:35:16Let me now introduce you to the Peter Parker of the animal world. Absolutely. It looks like
01:35:22Spider-Man is very real, but he is not human. Here is a gecko lizard, or more simply a
01:35:27gecko. This creature has the wonderful ability to climb on all kinds of vertical surfaces
01:35:32and can even walk on the ceiling. This feat that defies the laws of gravity is possible
01:35:38thanks to the unique plantar cushion of the lizard, covered with tiny hairs. They can
01:35:43hang on almost all surfaces, whether smooth, hard, rough or soft.
01:35:48Another funny fact about these lizards is that they do not have eyelids. So they always keep
01:35:55one eye wide open on what is happening around them. If you wonder how they protect their eyes,
01:36:01here is the answer. Their eyes are covered with a transparent membrane, the cornea. Of course,
01:36:08they cannot close their eyes, and if they have something in their eye, they simply lick it.
01:36:13Of course, it is true. They clean their eyeballs by licking them. One can imagine that this is another superpower.
01:36:20Supersonic superpowers? Yes, of course. A subtropical shrimp of about 2.5 cm
01:36:27disorients its prey with a shock wave. Despite its modest size, the pistol shrimp is one of the
01:36:34noisiest marine animals. When the shrimp makes its claws snap, it makes a noise as loud as a sonic boom.
01:36:41Naturally, this sound stuns the prey, and the shrimp can catch it without much effort. In the world of comics,
01:36:48there is venom. In the animal world, there is a type that can be called anti-venom. Opossums are
01:36:55known for their very practical trick, which consists of pretending to be dead when a predator attacks them.
01:37:01But that's not all. These animals are also immune to snake venom and viper pelliade.
01:37:08The secret lies in a peptide that helps opossums neutralize dangerous chemical substances.
01:37:14This is why snakes are one of the favorite snacks of the opossum's diet.
01:37:20Their diet also consists of a curious element, ticks. An opossum can catch about 5,000 ticks per season,
01:37:28and most of them are taken on their own body. Imagine a fish so famous that it is called a dangerous fish.
01:37:36It is the Mbenga, which literally translates as dangerous fish in Swahili. This monster lives in fresh water,
01:37:43and does not hesitate to eat a crocodile. Not an entire crocodile, but the Mbenga can easily take a bite.
01:37:51Finally, to be honest, Mbengas are afraid of crocodiles, just like crocodiles are afraid of Mbengas.
01:37:58You are watching this video with the same intention, aren't you? Well, all the gadgets we own, we owe them in a certain way to electric crickets.
01:38:07All gadgets have batteries, and crickets contributed a lot to the invention of an electric battery in 1800.
01:38:14I know, I know, batteries have changed in an unrecognizable way since then, but still, the first electric battery was invented thanks to electric crickets.
01:38:25Anyway, if you see one and you want to thank it for its magnificent invention, avoid doing it.
01:38:31The problem is that they can deliver shocks up to 860 volts. You don't want to experience it.
01:38:39Now let's talk about the Dracula tale of the animal kingdom. No, I'm not talking about bats. I'm talking about the crocodile vampire fish.
01:38:47These fish are known under the name of Payara and have long tails that protrude from their lower jaws. This is why some people associate them with vampires.
01:38:56Hippos are the gurus of beauty since they know how to save a fortune on skin care.
01:39:04Living under the harsh African sun, these secret animals have a red oily substance resembling sweat that evaporates and keeps the body of the animals cool.
01:39:14In addition, this liquid serves both moisturizing creams, sunscreen and antibiotics, but they are not the only ones to have such a superpower.
01:39:24Hippos also know how to produce a natural sunscreen, but they use it to protect their eyes.
01:39:32These are amino acid pigments, and these pigments act like special filters that also contribute to the clarity of their vision.
01:39:41This is what I call multitasking.
01:39:44Hippos have dark spots around their eyes, which makes them even cuter.
01:39:49But these black circles are not only there to make our friends even more adorable. They also act as integrated sunglasses.
01:39:58The dark fur of the spots blocks the burning sun, which allows hippos to look directly at the sky.
01:40:05In addition, thanks to this, the sentry, a surrogate that watches birds and other predators, can easily see the danger and alert his companions.
01:40:16Wild goats are famous for their climbing skills, but it is the Alps' bouquetin, in northern Italy, which is the champion.
01:40:24This animal can climb almost all vertical surfaces, thus defying several laws of physics.
01:40:31It is interesting to note that the animals that walk on the walls of the steepest cliffs are generally sea goats, accompanied by their young.
01:40:39Big males prefer to keep their distance and use flat horizontal surfaces. They are clever.
01:40:47Hippos are skilled navigators who could embarrass most drivers.
01:40:52However, this competition would not be fair. After all, hippos can feel the magnetic field of the planet and use it to navigate if they get lost.
01:41:02If you have trouble navigating in the city, a hippo could help you.
01:41:07Do not forget to tie the aquarium.
01:41:10Some animals protect themselves with venom or vile bites, while others use chemical tricks to protect themselves.
01:41:19Listen to this. Some species of millipedes produce hydrogen cyanide and lecithin when they feel threatened.
01:41:27Hydrogen cyanide is inodorous, but very toxic.
01:41:31A single small millipede can not seriously injure you, but you may have burns, or even clots if your skin is sensitive.
01:41:39In addition, to make the picture even more frightening, some millipedes shine in the dark.
01:41:45So be careful. And if you see a bright spot at night, save yourself as soon as possible.
01:41:52When the millipede feels threatened, it sprays a burning liquid from the end of its abdomen, emitting a dry noise.
01:42:00As soon as the lepidopterus feels a danger, a chemical reaction occurs in special tanks located in its abdomen.
01:42:07The heat released by this process almost reaches the boiling point, and also produces a special gas that triggers the ejection.
01:42:15This super protection is generally fatal for attacking insects.
01:42:19I imagine.
01:42:20Lizards, Jesus Christ, have the strange ability to run on water.
01:42:25First of all, their hind legs are equipped with long toes, whose skin fringes can spread over the water.
01:42:32Thus, a larger surface of the lizard's foot is in contact with the water.
01:42:36Then, when they run on the water, their legs move at an incredible speed.
01:42:41This creates small air pockets that impatiently annoy the animal and keep it on the surface.
01:42:47Peacocks may not always be very interesting, but that does not make them less surprising.
01:42:52These tiny animals can jump about 50 times the length of their body.
01:42:58If people could do so much, we would be able to jump approximately 1.5 km in the air.
01:43:04Well, let's try.
01:43:06The most curious thing about the amazing ability of lizards is that they shoot most of the power of their jumps from their toes, and not from their knees.
01:43:15What is your favorite animal superpower?
01:43:17I vote for the raccoon.
01:43:19I don't like to wait in line to go to the bathroom.
01:43:22I have some great news for you.
01:43:24Rats are ticklish.
01:43:26In any case, it was news for me.
01:43:28Anyway, they have what is called a laugh center in their middle brain.
01:43:33And they activate when someone tickles their animals, or when they go out for fun and playful activities.
01:43:40Researchers discovered this in 2016, after tickling the stomach of rodents and listening to their little squeaks.
01:43:48Hummingbirds are the only birds we knew that could fly backwards.
01:43:53They do it mainly when they want to get away from the flowers.
01:43:56And here is an animal that is unable to move back.
01:43:59The kangaroo.
01:44:00They can jump and travel long distances, but the structure of their powerful hind legs and their large tails prevents them from walking backwards.
01:44:10Narwhals are these strange creatures that look like some kind of sea unicorn.
01:44:15This horn on their head is not a defense.
01:44:18It's a huge tooth that comes out through the upper lip of the male narwhals.
01:44:22This tooth probably plays a role in their nuptial parade.
01:44:26Pink flamingos are not really pink.
01:44:28They are born gray.
01:44:30But during their lifetime, they eat a lot of algae and other foods containing a red-orange pigment that we know as beta-carotene.
01:44:39This pigment is decomposed and ends up in their skin and feathers, making them pink.
01:44:45They have to eat a lot of these foods to stay that way.
01:44:48If we humans wanted to change the color of our skin, we would not be able to eat enough beta-carotene foods to become really pink or, in our case, completely orange.
01:45:01The lazy ones are really slow.
01:45:03All the jokes and references to their subject are true.
01:45:06But they are also very skilled swimmers.
01:45:09And they move in the water three to four times faster than on land.
01:45:13They can do the breaststroke just like humans.
01:45:16And it's an important skill for them because they are tropical animals living mainly in the jungle.
01:45:21And these areas are often flooded.
01:45:23Tigers are the largest members of the feline family.
01:45:26And yes, even larger than lions.
01:45:29Then, no tiger has the same stripes.
01:45:32Their fur is actually a camouflage.
01:45:34Which is useful when they need to find the ideal spot where their prey will not see them.
01:45:39It is interesting to note that their skin is also striped.
01:45:42Not only their fur.
01:45:44And their stripes are also unique.
01:45:47Even if they look rather innocent and funny, you would not want to disturb an ornithorynchus.
01:45:52These wild animals are among the few mammal species capable of poisoning you.
01:45:57They have ergos on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.
01:46:02They are not so powerful to be killed.
01:46:05But it is possible to kill them.
01:46:07And it is also possible to kill them.
01:46:10They have ergos on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.
01:46:13They are not so powerful to be killed.
01:46:15But it is possible to kill them.
01:46:17And it is possible to kill them.
01:46:21When an ornithorynchus has to defend itself against potential predators.
01:46:25It starts by bleeding its knees.
01:46:27It is not real blood coming out of its joints.
01:46:30It is a particular chemical substance that smells very bad.
01:46:34And therefore repels predators.
01:46:37They are another mechanism that helps them survive in the pitiful animal kingdom.
01:46:41Their specific color.
01:46:43Predators do not really like bright-colored combinations such as red, orange and black.
01:46:48Because they know that colored creatures in this way can have an awful taste.
01:46:55Ornithorynchus can be extremely noisy in the morning.
01:46:58But they do not become deaf.
01:47:00Because they do not even hear how loud their cries can be.
01:47:04What protects them.
01:47:05These are some kind of integrated ski balls.
01:47:08Hens have a similar system that reduces the risk of hearing loss.
01:47:12Not only do they have this protection.
01:47:14But they can also repel their cochlear cells.
01:47:18If they are damaged in just a few days.
01:47:21Hibou do not really have eye globes.
01:47:23They have something that looks more like eye tubes.
01:47:27And they can not move them from left to right as we can do with our eyes.
01:47:32This is why these birds have incredibly flexible necks.
01:47:35They are able to turn their heads at 270 degrees.
01:47:39In comparison, humans can only turn theirs at 180.
01:47:43This is why hibou have a specific system of blood vessels in their heads.
01:47:48It brings fresh blood to the brain.
01:47:50If a bird turns its head too quickly and cuts its circulation.
01:47:57Swim straight in front of you.
01:47:59You may remember the way Dory, the blue surgeon fish, sang it in Nemo's world.
01:48:05Dory was not a shark.
01:48:07But it is a message that some species of sharks must take at the foot of the letter.
01:48:12The small sharks.
01:48:14The big white sharks.
01:48:16Baleen sharks and other species of fish continue to drown all the time.
01:48:21Otherwise, they stop breathing.
01:48:24We use our lungs to breathe.
01:48:28And some sharks use a method called buccal pump.
01:48:33This means that they swim with their mouths open.
01:48:36In this way, they allow water to flow through their gills.
01:48:41And therefore to extract oxygen.
01:48:43The most dangerous animal on our planet is not a bear.
01:48:46A shark or a tiger with sharp teeth.
01:48:49It is something much smaller.
01:48:51The mosquito.
01:48:53Not only is it extremely irritating.
01:48:55But it also transmits serious diseases such as yellow fever, malaria or dengue.
01:49:01Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are killed by such diseases.
01:49:06Mosquitoes also outnumber all other creatures around the world.
01:49:11Except termites and ants.
01:49:16Grizzlies are incredibly strong animals.
01:49:19With a powerful bite.
01:49:21Able to crush a bowling ball.
01:49:24This is why they are not allowed in the bowling halls.
01:49:28Despite this, they are essentially small eaters.
01:49:31They are strong enough to make their meal everything they meet.
01:49:35Including a bison, an elk or a caribou.
01:49:38But they always like to nibble their fruit, nuts and other berries.
01:49:42Even a little unlucky mouse that would get lost to end up in the predator's mouth.
01:49:47The desert taipan is the most venomous snake on the planet.
01:49:51We also know it by the name of Oxuranus microlepidotus.
01:49:55He lives in Australia.
01:49:57A single bite secretes enough venom to prove fatal to at least a hundred adult humans.
01:50:03And half an hour is enough if you have nothing to treat the bite immediately.
01:50:07It is said that these snakes are most often shy and prefer to worry about their own business.
01:50:12But like other animals, they will attack if they feel threatened or provoked.
01:50:18There is a type of turtle that can stay alive for months under the ice, breathing through its back.
01:50:24When it gets colder, some animals can't find a safe place to stay.
01:50:29So they have to survive in harsh winter conditions wherever they are.
01:50:34And while the bees are comfortable in their nests and the owls sleep in caves,
01:50:39the painted turtles have no choice but to stay in their frozen tanks.
01:50:43As the ice limits their access to the air, they directly extract the oxygen from the water and breathe through their backs.
01:50:50Yes, I admit that it would be very practical.
01:50:53It is well known that crows are incredibly intelligent animals.
01:50:57They excel in problem solving.
01:51:00But it seems that they also have an impressive social intelligence.
01:51:04They are very in tune with their feelings as well as with the emotions of their companions.
01:51:10If a crow in the group feels moody, it is likely that it also attracts others.
01:51:16A real joy.
01:51:18When they see a bird that doesn't like certain food and expresses it very vividly,
01:51:23they also lose all interest in their own food.
01:51:30The pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest animals in the world, even if it is tiny.
01:51:35Only 1 meter, about 900 meters long.
01:51:38When it detects a prey, it opens its big claw, which can reach up to half the length of its own body,
01:51:45at least between 1 and 2 meters high.
01:51:47Then, it closes the claw very quickly,
01:51:50which projects an extremely powerful jet of bullets,
01:51:53almost 200 kilometers per hour.
01:51:55These bullets can stun or even kill the prey that the shrimp is trying to catch.
01:52:00And when the bubbles burst, they produce a surprisingly loud detonation of more than 210 decibels.
01:52:08Crocodiles are even more frightening than we thought,
01:52:11because many of them can gallop like goats.
01:52:14They probably inherited this ability from their ancient ancestors Crocodilomorphs,
01:52:19who were as clumsy as cats, had long legs,
01:52:23and could run at a speed of about 18 kilometers per hour.
01:52:27The smallest crocodiles gallop most often when something pursues them.
01:52:32But caimans and alligators obviously do not need to use this skill.
01:52:37You are the most likely to take your legs by surprise when you see them.