Faits sur les animaux qui feront de vous leur plus grand fan

Sympa

Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00:00 You decided to dive for the first time.

00:00:04 The water is clear and the sun illuminates the seabed.

00:00:07 You take some selfies with the fish that pass by,

00:00:10 when suddenly the ocean becomes dark like night.

00:00:14 You look up and...

00:00:16 Oh my God, what is this huge animal?

00:00:20 It's certainly not a shark, not more than a whale.

00:00:24 Is it a turtle?

00:00:26 Yes, but don't be afraid, it won't hurt you.

00:00:30 If you lived on this same land about 72 million years ago,

00:00:34 then maybe it could have really happened to you.

00:00:39 Scientists have recently discovered the fossils of a huge sea turtle,

00:00:43 which could have reached up to 4 meters in length.

00:00:46 If you have no idea what this represents, let's see some examples.

00:00:51 It's the average length of a hippopotamus, 6 Golden Retrievers,

00:00:56 or 2 Michael Jordans stacked on top of each other.

00:01:01 The scientific name of this turtle, the Leviathanocelis enigmatica,

00:01:06 is a tribute to the legendary sea monster known as the Leviathan.

00:01:10 Maybe you remember from your mythology classes at school.

00:01:13 The Leviathan is supposed to be a mythical creature

00:01:16 that would swallow entire ships or sailors, considered too greedy by the creature.

00:01:21 Can you imagine being swallowed by this huge sea turtle?

00:01:25 Me? I'll give it a go.

00:01:29 The fossils of this gigantic creature began to be excavated between 2016 and 2021

00:01:35 in northern Spain.

00:01:37 The first fossil was located by a hiker in the Spanish Pyrenees

00:01:41 and it was about 20 centimeters long.

00:01:44 The pool of this turtle alone was about 98 centimeters.

00:01:49 It would certainly be one of the biggest turtles today, if it hadn't gone extinct.

00:01:56 For your information, the largest living sea turtle today can reach up to 2 meters in length,

00:02:02 which is already not bad.

00:02:06 And now, what would you say about a gigantic prehistoric scorpion?

00:02:10 I bet most people here are not big fans of these creatures, especially since they are venomous.

00:02:15 That's why the idea of a scorpion measuring nearly 3 meters in length could be a nightmare for some.

00:02:22 Let's just say that if it hadn't disappeared about 400 million years ago,

00:02:27 lakes and rivers would be much less bucolic places for humans today.

00:02:33 These gigantic arachnids were considered first-rate predators at the time,

00:02:37 hunting everything from fish to other animals, including their own species.

00:02:42 Ouch, I have chicken skin just from imagining these monsters.

00:02:46 We should thank the asteroid that hit our planet now or later in the video.

00:02:51 Another prehistoric animal that would amaze humans if it were still alive is the famous Megaterium,

00:02:58 a giant-like sloth.

00:03:01 We think that this huge sloth could have reached up to 6 meters in length.

00:03:05 For a weight of nearly 3.6 kilograms.

00:03:09 These remains were found in the forests of the South American spires.

00:03:13 The creature was used to sit on its two legs in order to reach the fins of its hot-spreaders.

00:03:19 These giant sloths had long claws. They helped them climb trees.

00:03:25 I must admit, I don't feel very comfortable imagining these elephants climbing trees.

00:03:31 Oh, of course, some dinosaurs will be part of our list of oversized creatures.

00:03:37 But before that, here's a funny fact.

00:03:39 Did you know that some dinosaurs are still alive today?

00:03:43 Researchers have determined that birds can be classified as theropods.

00:03:48 These creatures' redoubtable tails that the Tyrannosaurus and the Velociraptor belong to this group.

00:03:54 I'm sure you heard these names much earlier if you watched Jurassic Park.

00:03:59 The Velociraptor is this frightening dinosaur that intrudes into the kitchens.

00:04:03 Well, they evolved, gained some feathers, and turned into various species of birds that we know today.

00:04:10 This means that any bird, from a dendon to a mesange, is a direct descendant of dinosaurs.

00:04:17 Now, does the name Spinosaurus tell you anything?

00:04:22 You can admire this huge dinosaur in some museums today.

00:04:26 It's fossil, I mean.

00:04:29 Spinosaurus was one of the largest terrestrial predators to have walked the earth.

00:04:34 Or rather, to have walked the earth and its waters.

00:04:37 Because researchers think this dinosaur was semi-aquatic.

00:04:40 It mainly fed on meat, which means that humans would be natural prey if they still lived today.

00:04:49 This carnivorous dinosaur lived about 90 to 100 million years ago.

00:04:53 It was about 18 meters long, 4 meters high, and weighed up to 22 tons.

00:04:59 Its head was about the size of an 8-ball bowling ball, and had the shape of a crocodile's mouth.

00:05:06 Basically, the Spinosaurus was a large African elephant with a crocodile's mouth.

00:05:13 I'm kidding, but it would look funny, wouldn't it?

00:05:16 A much more attractive dinosaur was this one, the Patagotitan Mayorum.

00:05:21 It is considered the largest dinosaur ever to have lived on our planet.

00:05:26 What made it so big was its extremely long neck and its unmeasured tail.

00:05:31 You wouldn't want to stand behind this creature, believe me.

00:05:35 If it decided to make a sudden move with its tail, you would be catapulted far away.

00:05:40 This dinosaur lived about 100 million years ago, and its fossils were first discovered in Argentina around 2012.

00:05:48 It was 36 meters long from head to tail, making it almost as big as a football field in its width.

00:05:56 Hmm, did I mention that it weighed almost as much as a spaceship?

00:06:00 We're talking about 75 tons.

00:06:03 If it had been carnivorous, it would probably have been the biggest predator.

00:06:07 But this big guy was a peaceful herbivore,

00:06:10 whose neck was so long that it could chew the leaves of the tallest trees.

00:06:14 Cute, isn't it?

00:06:17 We also need to talk about the Chastasaurus.

00:06:20 As its name suggests, this lizard once populated the region of Mount Shasta, in California.

00:06:26 Even if it was a marine reptile that probably never set foot on the mountain itself.

00:06:32 This dinosaur was generally 7 meters long,

00:06:35 but there was a specific variety of this species that could reach up to 21 meters,

00:06:40 the size of the Great Blue Whale.

00:06:43 Which makes it the biggest marine reptile ever lived.

00:06:48 A funny fact about the Chastasaurus is that scientists think it had no teeth,

00:06:54 which means it could only feed on prey, like squids, for example.

00:07:00 The next animal on our list is the Great Blue Whale.

00:07:06 Believe it or not, the largest living animal on Earth actually started small.

00:07:11 Nowadays, an average adult Great Blue Whale can reach up to 30 meters long and weigh up to 200 tons.

00:07:18 This is more or less the size of the Quarantine Elephant,

00:07:22 or the Tyrannosaurus Trench,

00:07:25 or the average size of the 650-person Dinosaur.

00:07:29 The Great Blue Whale needs to consume up to 6 million calories a day to feed its body.

00:07:37 To feed its body? Well, just for your information, it's the equivalent of 30,000 Big Macs.

00:07:44 But the Great Blue Whales were not always that big.

00:07:47 They evolved from a four-legged mammal that roamed the Earth about 48 million years ago.

00:07:54 Their ancestor was called Pachycetus and was only 2 meters long.

00:07:58 Here's another funny fact.

00:08:01 To be able to live in water as it does today, the Great Blue Whale had to make an intense effort to adapt.

00:08:07 The Great Blue Whale can renew between 80 and 90% of the oxygen in its lungs every time it breathes.

00:08:15 In comparison, a human only renews up to 15%.

00:08:20 This allows these creatures to dive for up to an entire hour and reach a stunning depth of 100 meters.

00:08:28 Elephants were destined to be on this list.

00:08:31 African elephants are currently the largest terrestrial animals on our planet.

00:08:35 They can reach about 4 meters high and weigh up to 7 tons.

00:08:40 It's pretty small if you compare them to other animals that have lived on Earth before, isn't it?

00:08:46 But if you put a human about 1.80 meters next to an elephant, you can see that it's not that small.

00:08:52 African elephants are larger than their close relatives, Asian elephants, and they have a life expectancy similar to that of humans, up to 70 years.

00:09:01 Pokemon may have made us all wish one day that salamanders were real dragons.

00:09:07 Although this is not the case, they can still be fascinating.

00:09:12 There is a giant salamander species, which is known to be the largest living amphibian.

00:09:18 They can reach the size of an average human, or 1.80 meters.

00:09:23 I doubt it's a very pleasant underwater encounter.

00:09:27 Let me introduce you to the little terrors of our world.

00:09:31 Fire ants.

00:09:32 When they sting, they inject a venom likely to cause serious problems.

00:09:36 For most people, it's just a burning sensation and clots that form.

00:09:41 But for others, especially those who are allergic to it, it's a matter of life or death.

00:09:46 These ants establish their colonies just under our feet.

00:09:50 They are ready to gather and protect their nests.

00:09:54 They show no mercy to intruders.

00:09:57 Their bites are evaluated at about 1.2 on the scale of the pain of stings.

00:10:02 A insect of Schmitt, or 4, represents the maximum.

00:10:06 You would probably shake out of it, but the sensation remains less intense than when a wasp stings you.

00:10:12 These ants are native to tropical regions of Central and South America.

00:10:17 But today, they can even be found in some temperate areas of North America.

00:10:22 In their colonies, fire ants observe a strict hierarchy.

00:10:26 A queen, males and females, and various types of asexual workers.

00:10:32 They communicate by means of pheromones and sounds.

00:10:35 The most feared member of this species is the imported red ant.

00:10:39 These come from South America and have invaded the south of the United States.

00:10:44 They build large mounds, making agriculture difficult and harming crops.

00:10:49 It is almost impossible to regulate them.

00:10:52 And as if that were not enough, the emergence of another invasive species appears now, the crazy ant of Raspberry.

00:10:59 It poses a threat to any endemic ecosystem.

00:11:02 It turns out that ants can be dangerously hostile.

00:11:07 The annoying Meloides appear to be among the 10 most dangerous insects in the world.

00:11:13 Fortunately, they are not deadly to humans, unless they attack us in large numbers.

00:11:18 However, they pose a serious threat to large animals such as horses.

00:11:23 The family of Meloides' colleopteres produce a toxin called cantharidin, which causes redness and blisters on the skin.

00:11:31 In the past, people believed that they could treat fever and even rage.

00:11:36 And some even went so far as to include it in love filters.

00:11:40 It's a risky game, however.

00:11:42 In the 1950s, a Briton was convicted of giving cantharidin-soaked candy to two women, causing their death.

00:11:50 These insects are not to be taken lightly.

00:11:53 Manipulating or ingesting them is extremely dangerous.

00:11:56 Yet, they are attracted by the luserne and the foam.

00:11:59 If a horse eats one or the other of these foods, even a handful of Meloides are able to release enough cantharidin to kill it.

00:12:07 This adorable caterpillar from South America is the Launomia oblica, and it is the most dangerous caterpillar on Earth.

00:12:16 It is responsible for a number of deaths because of its powerful venom.

00:12:20 It is the larva of a Saturnidae.

00:12:23 When it grows up, it becomes a superb and harmless green to itself.

00:12:28 But if you see them while they are still juvenile, it is better to stay away.

00:12:33 Their toxicity comes from their hair full of venom.

00:12:37 They serve as a defense mechanism against predators.

00:12:40 The poison disturbs blood coagulation and can cause very serious symptoms, such as burning sensations, vomiting, kidney problems, and sometimes even worse.

00:12:52 A single bite will probably not have any serious consequences.

00:12:55 They only deliver a tiny amount of venom.

00:12:58 But these caterpillars tend to group together, and they are very good at camouflage, which increases the risk of multiple bites.

00:13:05 Crickets themselves are not so dangerous to humans.

00:13:10 They are just ordinary and noisy caterpillars.

00:13:13 But they are sadly famous for their behavior of stinging.

00:13:17 These swans often gather during dry and arid periods.

00:13:21 Then suddenly, a large amount of rain falls, and the plants begin to grow rapidly.

00:13:28 Once the swans are gone, it is almost impossible to stop them.

00:13:32 They can become a destructive force in a few minutes.

00:13:35 Throughout history, the fleas of Crickets have been particularly devastating, causing ravages in cultures and agricultural lands.

00:13:44 What is interesting is that their other name, Locust, can refer to different things depending on the different regions of the globe.

00:13:51 In some cases, the Americans refer to the "cigars", which are also known for their cacophony.

00:13:57 But for us, Locusts usually refer to Crickets, ancient creatures relatively unchanged since the Triassic era.

00:14:06 They are among the oldest insects on Earth.

00:14:11 Geckos, Frills and even bees can pose an extreme danger, especially for those who are allergic to their sting.

00:14:18 As its name suggests, the Giant Frill is the largest of the frills.

00:14:22 It can reach up to 5 cm long.

00:14:25 It has a powerful venom, capable of causing terrible discomfort, and can even be pulverized in people's eyes.

00:14:31 There is an even more venomous species in the Philippines, called Vespa Luctuosa, not to be confused with Wingardium Leviosa.

00:14:40 Are you a fan of Harry Potter somewhere?

00:14:43 In any case, deaths due to geckos or bees are rare but not unknown.

00:14:48 In the United Kingdom, about 10 people die every year from bees or gecko bites.

00:14:53 Always be careful, these insects are all very territorial and will fiercely defend their nest.

00:14:59 When provoked, they signal the danger to their congeners and trigger a general fight.

00:15:05 If you have to manipulate them, it is preferable to call on professionals.

00:15:10 The flea is as humble as tiny, but it has had a colossal impact on history and human health.

00:15:19 They are not just annoying parasites, they are well-known vectors of various diseases and are responsible for some of the worst epidemics in history.

00:15:28 In the 14th century, I was not there yet at the time, and that's even better, because the bubonic plague killed more than 25 million people throughout Europe.

00:15:37 Fleas have played a major role in its spread.

00:15:40 They spend their lives looking for others to feed on, whether they are reptiles, mammals, domestic animals, or humans.

00:15:49 Despite their small size and the absence of wings, they compensate for this with an impressive jumping ability.

00:15:56 They can fly up to 1.8 meters high and thus travel more than 360 meters in the air.

00:16:04 A flea bite may seem to be a minor discomfort, causing dizziness and inflammation.

00:16:10 But a large number of them can cause the anemia of the host.

00:16:13 Of course, the most dangerous part about them remains viruses, bacteria, and other parasites that they transmit.

00:16:22 Triatominae live mainly in both parts of the American continent, with smaller populations in Africa and Asia.

00:16:29 They are particularly gifted at transmitting bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

00:16:34 One of the parasites they carry is trypanosoma cruzii.

00:16:38 It is responsible for diseases that affect millions of people around the world and cause thousands of victims each year.

00:16:45 What is not insignificant is that the symptoms often do not appear before 10, 20 or even 30 years after being bitten.

00:16:53 They usually manifest by cardiac failure, digestive problems or nervous system disorders.

00:17:00 These insects are real vampires, which suck your blood and are attracted by the breath of their prey.

00:17:06 If you breathe through the mouth, you are susceptible to chewing.

00:17:10 These are not the most refined mangers either, often biting in an almost uncontrollable way, which only adds to the problem.

00:17:19 Many have already heard of the tsetse fly, a unique and frightening insect native to tropical Africa.

00:17:27 These flies are carriers of one of the most devastating human diseases, that of sleep.

00:17:33 Just like the triatominae, the tsetse fly is a carrier of trypanosomes, the parasites that cause the disease.

00:17:41 They acquire this parasite from an infected host, where it develops inside the fly's body.

00:17:47 Sleep disease does not strike immediately.

00:17:50 After a bite, it takes 1 to 3 weeks for the symptoms to appear.

00:17:55 Fever, headaches, joint pain and nausea.

00:18:00 As the disease progresses, it can invade the nervous system, causing confusion, insomnia and loss of balance.

00:18:07 Without treatment, it can lead to a coma followed by a fatal outcome.

00:18:11 Fortunately, sleep disease can be treated and the number of human losses tends to decrease.

00:18:17 The tsetse fly also has a historical importance.

00:18:20 Its presence has hampered the European colonial expansion in Africa.

00:18:24 And the crown of the most dangerous insect in the world comes back to mosquitoes.

00:18:30 This is not a surprising war.

00:18:32 Despite their small size, they have a colossal impact.

00:18:35 They are not only responsible for more human losses each year than any other animal, but they have also left an indelible mark on history.

00:18:44 These little insects have played a role in the ascent and fall of entire civilizations.

00:18:49 Thus, sleep disease has considerably weakened the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.

00:18:56 What is interesting is that it is not the mosquitoes themselves that are dangerous.

00:19:01 But once again, their parasites, bacteria and viruses are transmitted by their bites.

00:19:07 These flying horrors thus spread an entire buffet of diseases.

00:19:11 In addition to sleep disease, there is yellow fever, which, just like with the tsetse fly,

00:19:16 has been constantly hindering efforts to colonize tropical regions.

00:19:20 The most frightening of them is the Anopheles mosquito.

00:19:24 It is the ultimate predator of the insect world, responsible for more deaths and diseases than any other.

00:19:31 How do we fight these tiny but yet so powerful enemies?

00:19:36 With prevention.

00:19:38 We must eliminate stagnant water in our immediate environment and take mosquito control measures.

00:19:44 We must always have two moves ahead to protect ourselves from these dangerous insects.

00:19:49 In the United States, people are victimized every year by 250,000 human bites, 400,000 cat bites and 4.5 million dog bites.

00:20:00 Yes, our adorable animals often attack us out of the blue.

00:20:05 Here are some examples among the cutest and fiercest.

00:20:09 Forget these viral videos of people licking pandas. These cute big beasts can be surprisingly dangerous.

00:20:16 Despite their cartoonish look, they are wild animals and they will attack you if they feel threatened.

00:20:22 Even a snow leopard will avoid disturbing an adult panda.

00:20:26 So, if you ever come across this animal somewhere, keep your distance, especially if it has small ones.

00:20:33 Pandas went from an omnivorous diet to a vegetarian diet a few million years ago.

00:20:39 But they still have carnivorous teeth, and their claws could easily tear your tender flesh.

00:20:45 Scientists believe that the strict panda bamboo diet could contribute to their extinction.

00:20:51 It would therefore be logical to plant bamboo forests to prevent these big teddy bears from returning to their carnivorous habits, right?

00:20:59 But let's say you are hiking in a Chinese wood and suddenly a furious panda appears out of nowhere.

00:21:06 First of all, make sure you have an anti-bear spray and be ready to use it.

00:21:11 You can also pretend to be dead. Engaging in a fight against the animal will not do you any good.

00:21:17 Do not take your legs at your neck, speak to the animal while moving back slowly.

00:21:22 If a panda follows you on your hike, make a lot of noise on your way to scare it.

00:21:27 The smell of food can attract pandas, but also snow leopards.

00:21:31 So avoid cooking if you know you're being tracked.

00:21:34 And about pretty plushies who deceive their world, you should not trust koalas and wombats either.

00:21:40 These Australian animals are close relatives, so they share some common traits.

00:21:46 Koalas are territorial, and they do not hesitate to use their claws and their sharp teeth to prove it.

00:21:52 If a koala bites you, it will not let go easily. You should push it back.

00:21:57 It would therefore be wise to wear pants and a jacket to be better protected in the event of an attack.

00:22:03 And make sure you watch your pets, because koalas could attack them.

00:22:08 Do not be fooled by these nice videos where you see people petting koalas.

00:22:14 These are zoo animals that have been domesticated.

00:22:17 In the wild, it's a whole other story.

00:22:19 If you ever meet these creatures in nature, do not try to take a selfie and avoid provoking them by making noise.

00:22:27 Although koalas are known to sleep 22 hours a day, that does not mean they cannot get angry.

00:22:34 Koalas tend to be wary as soon as they spot strangers within a radius of 5 meters.

00:22:40 Moreover, spitting urine on those who threaten them is one of their favorite defense techniques.

00:22:45 Most wild koalas will make your life hard if you bother them.

00:22:50 A good reason to leave them alone.

00:22:52 Wombats may look like kind hamsters.

00:22:56 These nocturnal marsupials are known to attack people, dogs, and even wild dingoes.

00:23:02 Yes, they have bitten several people so badly that they must have been hospitalized.

00:23:07 So the safety rules are the same as with koalas.

00:23:10 No cuddles, no selfies.

00:23:12 By the way, if you dare to run away from a wombat, keep in mind that it can run up to 40 km/h.

00:23:18 And you?

00:23:19 The signs.

00:23:21 When you enter what they consider to be their territory, these volatiles can be quite unpleasant.

00:23:27 The signs will defend their partners and their nests in a very aggressive way.

00:23:32 They will bite if necessary, and that can be very serious.

00:23:35 They build their nests between April and June and keep watch.

00:23:40 So, if you swim or even walk near a pond in the spring and you spot a sign coming towards you,

00:23:46 make sure to keep a respectful distance.

00:23:49 Do not try to touch or feed them.

00:23:52 Do nothing that can provoke them.

00:23:54 And do not approach their nest.

00:23:57 Beware of the silent sign.

00:23:59 It is a big thug in the world of birds.

00:24:01 These guys are less talkative than other species of signs.

00:24:04 They will not warn you before attacking you silently.

00:24:08 If this happens, do not run away.

00:24:11 Try to stay calm.

00:24:13 Do not turn your back to the signs and move back slowly.

00:24:16 Protecting yourself behind a fence or a tree is a very good idea.

00:24:20 You can also deceive the sign by making it believe that you are a big bird.

00:24:25 Just show it your open umbrella or a wide garment that looks like wings, if you have that on you.

00:24:36 You could also come across a sign that seems to need your help.

00:24:40 Even if it breaks your heart, you must avoid trying to save the bird alone.

00:24:45 Because the sign may perceive your help as a threat.

00:24:48 Instead of helping it, it is best to warn the forest guards who will take care of the animal appropriately.

00:24:55 There are many stories of dolphins that save people and are cute as all,

00:25:00 but they can be surprisingly dangerous, especially in the wild.

00:25:04 Even sharks generally avoid rubbing against a bad-tempered dolphin.

00:25:08 Swimming with these smiling creatures is more risky than you think.

00:25:12 Dolphins can have fun pushing you with their nose and powerful body.

00:25:17 In some cases, they can decide to drag you under water or bite you.

00:25:22 Unfortunately, not everyone survives such encounters.

00:25:26 So, how to distinguish a nice dolphin from a bad one?

00:25:29 First of all, if the dolphin is wild, never try to feed it, caress it or play with it.

00:25:36 If you see them slapping their jaws, chasing, slapping their tails on the water or even spitting bubbles,

00:25:42 tell yourself that they are not there to laugh.

00:25:45 If you go kayaking one day or swim near an aggressive dolphin, flee the area as quickly as possible.

00:25:53 Do you want to see one of the most mischievous creatures on earth?

00:25:58 Well, here it is.

00:26:00 It's hard to resist the urge to put this little guy on your palm to take a nice picture.

00:26:05 But it could be your last session.

00:26:08 The Colombian crocodile has enough venom to take the lives of 10 healthy adult men.

00:26:13 This poison attacks the nervous system of predators and causes muscle contractions,

00:26:18 respiratory paralysis and much worse.

00:26:21 Unlike snakes and scorpions, Colombian crocodiles do not need to bite to inject their venom.

00:26:28 They excrete it through their cutaneous glands.

00:26:31 So, if you touch this animal by mistake, do not rub your eyes and wash your hands immediately.

00:26:38 The toxin must penetrate your blood to be active.

00:26:42 If you have cuts on your skin, go to a hospital as soon as possible.

00:26:46 And keep in mind that the skin of these frogs poisons everything it touches.

00:26:51 And that the poison can stay on objects for nearly a year.

00:26:54 Oh, look at this toy that looks like Shrek.

00:26:57 But wait, it's alive!

00:27:00 Here is one of the rare venomous mammals on the planet.

00:27:03 The nyctisheb.

00:27:05 No wonder this hairy creature is the star of the clandestine pet market.

00:27:10 But you have to read the instructions before buying it, because a refund is unlikely.

00:27:16 You may have already seen this animal raise his hands as if he were going to the police.

00:27:20 And no!

00:27:22 The nyctisheb releases the toxin from his brachial gland located on his elbows.

00:27:28 This small animal looks innocent takes his venom in his mouth to mix it with his saliva.

00:27:34 Then he rubs this saliva on his hair to scare his enemies.

00:27:40 But he can also inflict a bite that you will never forget.

00:27:45 This toxin causes anaphylactic shock.

00:27:48 It is therefore dangerous for humans.

00:27:50 Do you still want to bring this pretty creature home?

00:27:53 Take a dog instead.

00:27:56 It's not because the ornithorynchus looks a bit like a Pokémon that you can lower your guard.

00:28:02 Males have a weapon to fight their rivals.

00:28:05 Spikes hidden on their hind legs.

00:28:08 They contain a venom that can be fatal to an animal the size of a dog.

00:28:12 But be careful anyway.

00:28:14 They also attack humans.

00:28:17 The sensation caused by the venom of the ornithorynchus is described as "an intense pain that no conventional drug can relieve".

00:28:26 So don't pet this creature.

00:28:29 It's not worth it.

00:28:31 There are many more cute but dangerous animals on the planet.

00:28:35 So remember that appearances can be deceiving.

00:28:38 And stay safe.

00:28:41 The best-known survival rule for a face-to-face with a bear is to remain still and pretend to be dead.

00:28:48 But this rule will not work with all bears, only with grizzlies and brown bears.

00:28:54 If you are in North America, you will find them in Alaska,

00:28:57 in the state of Washington, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming.

00:29:02 Black bears, which you must avoid at all costs, live in a larger territory.

00:29:08 They are found in 40 American states, a large part of Canada and even some regions of northern Mexico.

00:29:14 So if you walk around Yellowstone, you could come across a black bear or a grizzly.

00:29:19 But if you are in California, the bear you will come across by accident will most likely be a black bear.

00:29:25 And no, you can't just trust the color difference between their fur.

00:29:30 Black bears can be black, brown, red, blond, gray-blue, even white.

00:29:36 It's complicated, isn't it?

00:29:38 If you notice a bump on the shoulders of your impromptu guest, it's a grizzly.

00:29:43 Black bears don't have one.

00:29:45 A grizzly will also have a more puffy face, round ears and long, light-colored claws.

00:29:51 A black bear has a straight muzzle, similar to a dog's, pointed ears and darker claws.

00:29:58 There will be an interlude on this a little later.

00:30:00 Finally, maybe.

00:30:02 So, if you're sure it's a grizzly or a brown bear, stretch out.

00:30:10 Take a fetal position, bring your knees against your chest and cover your head

00:30:15 to show the bear that you are not a threat.

00:30:18 These big, heavy bears mainly attack when they feel threatened.

00:30:22 But you can never outrun them in a race, so don't even try.

00:30:26 If they see that you are a small, harmless human being, in 99% of cases, the bear will pass its path.

00:30:33 Wait two to three minutes until you can no longer hear it up close.

00:30:38 It could stay in the parishes to make sure you didn't get up again and, in the event of an emergency, attack.

00:30:45 If you are ready for such an emergency and you have an anti-bear spray on you,

00:30:49 remove the safety clip when the animal is about 5 meters away and spray the bear.

00:30:54 Aim slightly below its face.

00:30:57 It is more effective than simply adopting a fetal position.

00:31:01 When the bear is retreating, flee in the opposite direction from the predator.

00:31:06 You got it.

00:31:10 If you are dealing with a black bear, it will not stop when it sees you crouching on the ground.

00:31:15 And if you don't have anti-bear spray on you and it seems clearly interested, show it who is the boss.

00:31:21 Throw stones or your things at it and shout out loud, applaud, make yourself look bigger by raising your arms high and shaking your jacket,

00:31:30 climb a rock or a string, do everything you can to scare it.

00:31:35 Black bears look a lot like those little thugs at school who want your treat.

00:31:40 They will often give up if they see that you can defend yourself.

00:31:43 If the bear is dangerously approaching you, hit it in the nose or eyes and try to confuse it or stun it to make this unwanted hiking companion flee.

00:31:52 If the bear, no matter the type, is just sitting at a distance and watching you, try to move away very slowly.

00:31:59 Move sideways with a slight angle so as not to stumble back far from the danger.

00:32:04 This way, the bear will not think that you are trying to flee and will not be incited to chase you.

00:32:10 Speak calmly out loud to show it that you are a human.

00:32:14 Singing can also help. Who knows, maybe it will also know the melody.

00:32:18 Avoid direct visual contact with the animal and never stand between a bear and its mother.

00:32:24 Do not panic if the bear stands on its hind legs, this is not an aggressive demonstration.

00:32:29 If you ever plan to visit a region populated by polar bears, do not go there without a deterrent.

00:32:35 Like a tank for example.

00:32:37 Bad polar bears in good health weigh half a ton, measure 2 meters straight on their hind legs and can hunt their prey up to 40 km / h.

00:32:46 A group of 3 or more people can be enough to intimidate any bear, so do not go out alone.

00:32:52 Walk with other people and speak loudly during your hike to indicate that you are a group of humans.

00:32:58 Remember that all polar bears are not predatory to make you their lunch.

00:33:03 Some of them simply vacate their occupations.

00:33:06 If you see one with his head down, floundering, without trying to go elsewhere but clearly focusing on you, that's where you should worry.

00:33:16 Move away slowly from the bear, do not run, and use your means of dissuasion only if the bear approaches you.

00:33:25 Some claim that ammonia is an excellent repulsive for bears.

00:33:29 They really don't like its smell, so if you soak some rags in it and throw them in the garbage, they shouldn't be interested in your trash.

00:33:37 And if you meet a bear in nature and it doesn't seem to be so interested in you, ammonia could help you repel it.

00:33:44 However, ammonia can also damage its nasal voices, depriving the animal of its odor, which means it will no longer be able to find its food.

00:33:53 This could also annoy a bear that did not expect to attack you and push it to do so.

00:33:59 Anything that smells interesting to bears, starting with your food and your garbage, will attract their attention and push them to come inspect your tent.

00:34:09 So cook far from the camp and do not spread garbage.

00:34:12 Soaking your tent with anti-bear spray could be counterproductive.

00:34:17 The sprayed products they contain may remind them of the smell of food and could be a way to attract bears.

00:34:24 If you notice a bear standing on the side of the road, resist the urge to stop to take pictures.

00:34:31 Stay at least 100 meters away and park in a safe place.

00:34:35 Bears on the side of the road quickly get used to humans and the noise of traffic, which can be dangerous for them.

00:34:41 And they are more likely to approach campsites and picnic areas in search of human food.

00:34:47 People who live in the mountains or in the wild are used to the visit of bears and generally do not fear them.

00:34:55 Douglas Harder thus noticed a black bear mother and her two young children emptying the bird feeder on his terrace.

00:35:02 He also happened to come home after a while to see that a bear had entered his kitchen through a partially open sliding door.

00:35:11 The intruder had scratched a wall and chipped some treats before fleeing.

00:35:16 Harder had just finished cleaning after the bear, when a bear pushed his head through his cat litter.

00:35:22 These photos went viral online.

00:35:26 Kristen Jones, meanwhile, was visiting her parents in North Carolina and had decided to do yoga on the bank of a lake nearby.

00:35:34 She was wearing headphones and did not hear the bear approaching her from behind.

00:35:38 Suddenly, she felt someone sniffing and licking her neck.

00:35:42 She thought it was her neighbor's dog and extended her arm to caress it, which scared the animal.

00:35:49 Kristen managed to take some pictures of the bear running away.

00:35:53 Although no one believed the story of this scoundrel.

00:35:56 She remembers this moment as the scariest of her life and hopes it will never happen again.

00:36:02 As for the bear, it was most likely in the food-searching parishes, in the trash cans and on people's terraces.

00:36:09 Scientists observing polar bears note how incredibly intelligent these animals are.

00:36:17 The members of Polar Bears International took hundreds of photos to study these animals up close.

00:36:23 Before using a special cage, they took their photos using a device fixed at the end of a long pole which was lowered to a certain height.

00:36:32 One day, the flash of the camera was triggered right in front of a bear's face.

00:36:36 He did not like these paparazzi methods.

00:36:39 But instead of destroying the camera, the bear calmly stretched out his paw.

00:36:43 Then he stretched out a claw and planted it in the edge of the lens.

00:36:48 The bear stayed like this and did not release the camera.

00:36:51 The photographer had tried to climb the pole, but it was a lost cause.

00:36:55 After 15 minutes, the plantigrade looked up at him and finally released the camera.

00:37:01 It would have been said that he was trying to send the clear message of never using flash on him again.

00:37:06 If an aggressive-looking dog approaches you, do not hesitate to scream as loud as possible.

00:37:12 This will establish your dominance and frighten the animal.

00:37:15 Yes, it is a widespread myth.

00:37:18 And no, it will not help you if you meet a dog that seems to want to attack you.

00:37:23 The best solution in this rather frightening situation is to remain still and avoid any direct visual contact with the animal.

00:37:30 You should not run, it could only encourage the dog to chase you.

00:37:35 And if the animal attacks, fall to the ground and roll into a ball, protecting your head and neck with your hands.

00:37:42 But what if you come across another much more dangerous representative of the canidae family, like a wolf?

00:37:48 The flight will not save you.

00:37:50 Wolves are much faster than humans, especially in the forest.

00:37:55 In addition, as soon as you start running, the wolf hunter instinct wakes up immediately.

00:38:01 Instead, keep visual contact with the animal at all times and never turn your back on it.

00:38:07 When trying to escape, make sure the wolf stays in front of you.

00:38:12 If the predator ends up behind, his instincts will push him to attack.

00:38:17 So, move back slowly while facing the animal.

00:38:21 You may have heard that if you have been bitten by a snake, you should apply garlic to the bite area.

00:38:29 Again, a well-received idea.

00:38:31 Garlic has absolutely no effect on snake venom.

00:38:34 Instead, try to remember the snake's color and shape.

00:38:38 This can help doctors treat the bite and determine which antivenin is necessary.

00:38:43 In addition, try to remain as still and calm as possible.

00:38:47 This can slow down the venom spread.

00:38:50 And of course, immediately request medical assistance.

00:38:54 If you see a bear falling to the ground and pretending to be dead...

00:38:59 Unfortunately, it doesn't always work that way.

00:39:02 First of all, you have to show the animal that you are not a prey.

00:39:07 Do not make loud noises and do not scream.

00:39:09 Because this way, you could even more annoy the plantigrade.

00:39:13 If you shake your arms, do it slowly.

00:39:17 If you choose to calm the bear, do it in a low and calm voice.

00:39:21 Without turning the animal's eyes, start moving sideways.

00:39:26 This will prevent you from tripping and falling.

00:39:30 Do not rush and do not run away either.

00:39:33 Although at first glance, bears may seem heavy and clumsy, they are surprisingly good sprinters.

00:39:39 In addition, these animals like to track their prey.

00:39:42 That's why, if a bear is charging you, stop moving.

00:39:49 There is a widespread idea that bees could only sting once.

00:39:53 But in reality, the problem is that the bee's dar is bearded and can easily get stuck in the victim's skin.

00:40:00 The dar remains stuck.

00:40:02 The bee cannot free itself and generally does not survive such a hook.

00:40:06 You must remember that bees will protect their hive no matter what.

00:40:11 And they can sting you even if you just pass by.

00:40:15 Dark colors can make bees more aggressive, because these shades make people look like their natural enemies.

00:40:22 That's why if you're wearing a black t-shirt, your chances of being stung by these insects are higher.

00:40:28 If a swarm of bees is chasing you, hide in a dark or closed place.

00:40:32 The lack of light should divert these insects from your path.

00:40:36 Similar rules apply to encounters with geese.

00:40:40 One of the worst mistakes you can make is to have your long hair detached and wear dark clothes.

00:40:45 Geese are attracted by dark objects in motion.

00:40:48 And your clothes, as well as your hair, perfectly respond to this description.

00:40:53 So, if you suspect that you could run into geese, wear light-colored clothes and tie your hair in a horse or chignon tail.

00:41:01 Contrary to popular belief, bathing a geese sting in vinegar or baking soda is useless.

00:41:07 Instead, apply ice cream on the affected area.

00:41:11 Gorillas are nicknamed "the kings of the jungle".

00:41:14 And it's not without reason.

00:41:16 They are dominating animals that tend to protect their families and their territory.

00:41:20 They will not attack you normally if you behave politely.

00:41:23 So, when you meet a gorilla, sit down.

00:41:27 This way, you won't look big and threatening by overshadowing the animal.

00:41:31 Try not to make loud noises and avoid direct visual contact.

00:41:36 If you are attacked or approached, roll into a ball.

00:41:39 Gorillas are proud creatures.

00:41:41 And, as a rule, they do not attack the weak and defenseless.

00:41:45 Surprisingly, a wild kangaroo can also be a serious threat to humans.

00:41:53 But it will only happen if you enter the animal's territory and it feels threatened.

00:41:58 To avoid conflict, everything is, and it's not a joke.

00:42:01 Your everything must be brief and discreet.

00:42:04 The kangaroo will consider it as a sign that you are sick.

00:42:07 And there is a chance that it won't attack you.

00:42:09 After that, move back slowly.

00:42:12 This way, you will look smaller, so less threatening.

00:42:16 Don't turn around and don't run either.

00:42:18 It will only provoke the animal.

00:42:20 Remember that kangaroos are excellent jumpers, able to catch you in a few moments.

00:42:25 And of course, we have to talk about sharks.

00:42:28 The good news is that out of several hundred species of sharks on Earth,

00:42:32 only about a dozen take on humans.

00:42:35 But if a shark is interested in you, it will be extremely difficult to escape.

00:42:40 To avoid attracting sharks, avoid that blood or other bodily fluids are found in the water.

00:42:45 Sharks can smell it from a great distance.

00:42:48 In addition, when you go swimming, remove your shiny jewelry or other thoughtful accessories.

00:42:54 Sharks are attracted by things that shine, because they confuse them with the scales of fish.

00:43:00 Don't turn your back to this predator.

00:43:02 And don't try to run away in panic.

00:43:05 You would only look like a prey in this way.

00:43:08 Move slowly.

00:43:10 Hitting the animal in the eyes or the gills can only make it angrier and make it more determined to attack.

00:43:16 Instead, try to make balls.

00:43:18 They are too noisy for sharks.

00:43:20 And these animals don't like them at all.

00:43:23 If you meet a wild boar, it would be a mistake to try to escape by jumping into the water.

00:43:29 It turns out that wild boars are good swimmers, who can easily chase you if they feel threatened.

00:43:35 Instead, start whistling or singing if you see a wild boar walking not far from you.

00:43:44 If you find yourself face to face with a lion, keep visual contact with the animal.

00:43:49 Don't turn your back and don't look away.

00:43:51 It would give the predator time to attack.

00:43:54 Try to look more imposing than you really are.

00:43:57 Raise your arms and shake your jacket.

00:44:00 If you look big and threatening, the animal will try to avoid confrontation.

00:44:04 Talk to the lion in a reasonably loud and confident voice.

00:44:08 This behavior is not typical of a victim.

00:44:11 You will disconcert the predator and he will perceive you as an annoying presence that is better avoided.

00:44:18 Elephants are smart and rather friendly animals, but they are also known to attack people.

00:44:24 This is particularly true for elephants with their young.

00:44:28 If you find yourself facing an elephant, pay attention to its body language.

00:44:33 If its trunk is curled up and its ears are thrown back, it means it could try to attack you and crush you.

00:44:40 If the animal approaches, don't run.

00:44:42 Try to find something that can serve as a barrier between you and the elephant.

00:44:46 It can be a rock or a tree.

00:44:49 Rhinoceroses have a bad eye, which is why it is easy to scare them and push them to attack.

00:44:56 These animals can reach 60 km per hour, and it is therefore really difficult to escape them.

00:45:03 The most effective way to escape a rhinoceros is to hide behind a tree.

00:45:07 It is a serious obstacle for the animal.

00:45:10 It is also unlikely that it will chase you through bushes or tall grass.

00:45:16 Rhinoceroses can sometimes look cute, but this image is misleading.

00:45:21 These pachyderms can be extremely dangerous.

00:45:24 Despite their weight, rhinoceros can run at a speed of 30 to 45 km per hour.

00:45:29 In addition, it is quite easy to annoy them.

00:45:32 So if the weather is particularly hot, try not to approach bushes.

00:45:36 The water level drops during the dry season, and the rhinoceros hides in the tall grass.

00:45:42 To leave the animal alone, climb a tree, a rock or a steep hill and wait until it leaves.

00:45:50 Despite popular belief, the bulls react to movement, and not to red or any other color.

00:45:57 That's why if a bull runs towards you, stay straight and still.

00:46:02 Use your cap, your t-shirt or any other clothing you have at hand as a guide.

00:46:08 When the bull comes close enough, throw this accessory as far away from you as possible.

00:46:14 The bull will change its trajectory and pursue this new target.

00:46:18 The megalodon was one of the largest and fiercest creatures on our planet.

00:46:23 Powerful jaws, sharp teeth like razors, gigantic size.

00:46:28 But did you know the sound it made?

00:46:31 Imagine the grunt imbuing the underwater world with its roar.

00:46:36 This sound was like nothing else.

00:46:39 The megalodon did not make a sound.

00:46:41 It was a shark and it had no sound-producing organs.

00:46:44 It was a mute danger.

00:46:46 But despite this, you could have heard it.

00:46:49 Imagine yourself underwater, raise your hand and lower it quickly.

00:46:53 Now imagine that you have a big submarine in place of your hand.

00:46:56 You hear the water moving around the hull.

00:46:58 That's what the megalodon's roar sounded like.

00:47:01 When this monster rose to the surface and opened its jaws, it made the sound of a waterfall.

00:47:07 This giant shark swam at high speed.

00:47:10 When the water passed through its mouth and its gills,

00:47:13 it would have been called a river that was flowing, a powerful torrent.

00:47:17 The megalodon did not make a sound except that of the water flowing.

00:47:21 Other ancient fish could make sounds, but they were barely heard.

00:47:25 I'm not talking about whales, dolphins and other fish.

00:47:29 I'm not talking about whales, dolphins and their ancestors, because they are mammals.

00:47:34 Fish communicated on frequencies inaudible to the human ear.

00:47:38 Some still have this ability.

00:47:40 But overall, the ocean was and remains a rather silent place.

00:47:45 So let's go to the ancient lands to listen to what kind of sound was produced there.

00:47:50 Thanks to modern technology, scientists can recreate the sounds

00:47:54 that many species of the missing were making.

00:47:57 Using scanners, they discovered that some dinosaurs

00:48:00 had complex systems of small holes in the skull

00:48:04 that allowed them to produce a wide range of sounds

00:48:07 and regulate the temperature of their bodies.

00:48:10 And we managed to recreate them.

00:48:13 The vegavis, an ancient bird that lived 79 to 145 million years ago,

00:48:18 emitted a cry similar to that of some short-necked birds, such as the duck and the eagle.

00:48:25 But this creature made it much more frightening.

00:48:29 Scientists discovered it thanks to a syrinx fossil found in 2016 in Antarctica.

00:48:34 It is the oldest known vocal organ in the world.

00:48:38 It helped the vegavis to produce a double quack.

00:48:41 Imagine a coconut and a duck that scream and multiply the volume.

00:48:45 That's what its cry sounded like.

00:48:48 Other flying reptiles, such as the pterodactyl,

00:48:51 couldn't scream like the vegavis because it didn't have a syrinx.

00:48:55 These monsters could groan, whistle and make a sound,

00:48:59 and it was already very effective.

00:49:02 Take any great basketball player.

00:49:04 The pterodactyl's skull was slightly larger.

00:49:07 Imagine the noise the dinosaur made when it made such a sound.

00:49:12 It must have been enough to scare the other creatures.

00:49:15 You probably know the noise a tyrannosaur makes thanks to movies,

00:49:18 and you would recognize among thousands of sounds of roar

00:49:21 similar to the sound of a trombone, a vacuum cleaner and a foghorn.

00:49:25 Well, this roar is not really close to the real sound that this monster could make.

00:49:30 Thanks to modern technology and well-preserved fossils,

00:49:34 scientists have managed to simulate the cry of this titan.

00:49:37 Imagine you are downloading T-rex data into a program

00:49:41 and you are getting ready to hear its terrifying roar.

00:49:44 You press play and... it sounds like a gas.

00:49:49 The cry of the Tyrannosaurus rex was more like that of a bird and not a mammal.

00:49:55 But it wasn't just a cry.

00:49:57 It used its nostrils to scream, not its mouth.

00:50:00 A growl came out of its chest and looked like a siren with more bass.

00:50:05 It sounded much more intimidating than what we see in the movies.

00:50:09 It was louder than all the trumpets of a symphonic orchestra.

00:50:14 And it did it only through its nose.

00:50:17 We don't know for sure if it could roar or not by its mouth.

00:50:21 We can also hear the sound of dinosaurs in the movies.

00:50:25 Their cries were similar to those of elephants.

00:50:28 Something between a saxophone and a car horn.

00:50:31 But in fact, these big creatures were whispering.

00:50:35 Almost all mammals emit sounds through their laryngeal nerves.

00:50:39 This nerve goes down along the neck,

00:50:41 then goes around the blood vessels in the chest and back to the larynx.

00:50:45 Basically, the brain gives a signal

00:50:47 and it travels twice the distance of the neck before going out through the mouth.

00:50:52 Remember the long neck of these dinosaurs.

00:50:55 It was the height of a five-story building.

00:50:58 But the vocal signal had to travel the equivalent of ten floors.

00:51:02 It took a long time, which affected their roar.

00:51:06 So when they wanted to emit a sound,

00:51:08 they simply whistled like a giant viper.

00:51:12 But the most detailed sound that scientists have managed to obtain

00:51:15 is that of the Parasaurolophus.

00:51:18 We recognize this herbivorous dinosaur thanks to its long crest at the back of its head.

00:51:23 In movies and documentaries, it is used to fight its opponents.

00:51:27 Some scientists think they also used it to drop fruits and leaves from trees.

00:51:32 Others think they needed it to improve their smell.

00:51:36 But it turned out that in addition to defending it from combat,

00:51:39 they used their crest to emit powerful and frightening sounds in different tones.

00:51:44 Scientists reproduced them with fantastic precision

00:51:48 thanks to the structure of its hard tissue.

00:51:51 Almost all living beings with a voice use soft organs to emit sounds.

00:51:57 These decompose quickly.

00:51:59 But the Parasaurolophus had solid ones.

00:52:02 On a skull, we noticed that tubes connected the nostrils to the crest and came back to the latter.

00:52:07 It was like a drum, a curved instrument.

00:52:11 This proves that this dinosaur used the crest located at the back of its head to amplify its cries,

00:52:17 which allowed it to "clarine" so that its relatives could hear it in the forest.

00:52:22 It produced a kind of "burden" with low and high notes.

00:52:26 Mix a saxophone and a trumpet with the cry of a walnut, a car horn,

00:52:30 and add low frequencies, then increase the volume.

00:52:34 That's what the Parasaurolophus cry looked like.

00:52:37 That's also what my class of CM1 looked like.

00:52:40 But in short, you can listen to different sounds of this dinosaur on the Internet.

00:52:44 It emitted different tones to create complex social ties.

00:52:48 It could communicate, identify, announce a danger, or, on the contrary, signal its friendly intentions.

00:52:55 We just heard the sound of some ancient reptiles.

00:52:59 But what about ancient insects?

00:53:01 They didn't have vocal cords, but they used friction between certain parts of their bodies.

00:53:07 Look at the modern crickets that buzz with their wings.

00:53:10 One wing has tiny notches, and the other has the shape of a pick.

00:53:14 Put the tip of your finger on the teeth of a plastic comb.

00:53:18 It's the same principle. Their wings vibrate and create sound waves.

00:53:22 But the noise created by an ancient cricket was very different from that of modern insects,

00:53:27 which were much louder.

00:53:29 The sound emitted sounded more like a whistle.

00:53:32 With high-frequency waves, it could also communicate secretly,

00:53:36 as if it were doing so on a secure radio channel.

00:53:39 If you heard that, you would probably have trouble falling asleep.

00:53:43 Today, our crickets are less noisy, because they use more high frequencies.

00:53:48 The higher-frequency waves spread less far, which reduces the risk that a bat might hear them.

00:53:54 Imagine the noise of the jungle at that time.

00:53:56 The powerful buzzing of the crickets hurts your ears,

00:53:59 then you hear the whistling of a brachiosaur.

00:54:02 The clacking of a pterodactyl's beak makes the sound of a thunderbolt,

00:54:06 then you hear the sound of trumpets somewhere in the jungle.

00:54:09 These are parasaurolophus that communicate with each other.

00:54:12 And then you are frightened by the siren of a tyrannosaur.

00:54:15 It's impossible to find peace in such conditions.

00:54:18 Fortunately, humans appeared several million years later.

00:54:23 Besides, scientists have managed to discover what the sound of our ancestors looked like.

00:54:28 They carefully examined the position of the mouth, nose and throat on the skeleton of the Neanderthal man.

00:54:35 His voice was similar to ours, but the phonetic range of an adult was the same as if he was 2 or 3 years old.

00:54:42 A kind of mumbling without consonants.

00:54:45 The study of the skull did not allow to recreate precisely the voice of the Neanderthals,

00:54:49 but in 2007, scientists extracted DNA samples from their bones.

00:54:54 They found a variation of the gene corresponding to the human speech.

00:54:58 Scientists think that the Neanderthals fought with the Homo sapiens.

00:55:03 Following this conflict, their species went extinct.

00:55:06 But the gene discovered indicates that they could also have other links between them.

00:55:11 Maybe the Neanderthals could understand their language and even pronounce certain words.

00:55:16 Lion, dog, cat, all these mammals sleep in rather comfortable positions.

00:55:23 But not the whales.

00:55:25 They look like giant bread crumbs floating,

00:55:28 the ones that a diver witnessed by chance in the Caribbean Sea.

00:55:32 If whales stood up, their tail pointed down, at a depth of about 20 meters under the surface.

00:55:39 Scientists have discovered that when the cachalots take a nap,

00:55:43 they stay in this position for 10 to 15 minutes.

00:55:46 They do not move and do not breathe.

00:55:48 But these creatures only spend 7% of their time sleeping, much less than other mammals.

00:55:54 In general, they rest peacefully in the water or relax by swimming slowly next to other marine animals.

00:55:59 When they move and sleep at the same time, they are taking a nap.

00:56:03 These animals cannot go too deep and must stay close to the surface.

00:56:08 The great white sharks sleep and hunt at greater depths,

00:56:12 which means they have less trouble during their nap.

00:56:15 In addition, the more we go down, the colder it gets.

00:56:18 Whales need a warmer environment that helps them maintain the temperature of their imposing body.

00:56:24 When they are alone, dolphins enter a deep sleep phase.

00:56:28 This usually occurs at night and lasts only a few hours at a time.

00:56:32 When they sleep, the animal floats to the surface.

00:56:34 It turns off half of its brain.

00:56:36 "Hey, I do the same!"

00:56:38 As well as the opposite eye.

00:56:40 The other half remains on a low alert level.

00:56:43 Awake and ready to react if an unwanted visitor approaches.

00:56:47 The part of the brain that is awake also sends signals when it is time to go back to the surface to take a breath.

00:56:54 Sea mammals have a "vent". It is a skin lamp that they can open and close at their will.

00:57:00 Humans breathe automatically.

00:57:02 Your body knows what it has to do even when you sleep.

00:57:05 But whales and dolphins have a voluntary breathing system.

00:57:08 This means that they must consciously go to the surface to breathe.

00:57:12 And part of their brain must always be awake to inform the animal that it is time to go back.

00:57:17 Whales and dolphins can hold their breath much longer than other species.

00:57:21 They also have a greater tolerance for carbon dioxide and can absorb more air.

00:57:26 Their red blood cells also store more oxygen.

00:57:29 The blood of whales and dolphins only goes into the parts of the body that really need oxygen.

00:57:34 If a whale only uses its brain, its heart, its fins or other muscles necessary for swimming,

00:57:39 at that moment, it will also be the only parts of the body that will receive oxygen.

00:57:44 Digestion or other functions can wait.

00:57:46 The ocean is not a place where you can relax and sleep peacefully.

00:57:50 During their sleep, fish reduce their activity.

00:57:53 Their metabolism becomes slow.

00:57:55 Some of them continue to float in the same place.

00:57:59 Others find a safer place, among corals or in the mud.

00:58:03 Very early in their life, dolphins learn to emit a unique whistle,

00:58:07 which helps other members of their group to identify them.

00:58:10 This means that these specific whistles are their name.

00:58:14 And the dolphins respond to it.

00:58:16 Dolphins have feet.

00:58:18 It looks like a big tongue that sometimes protrudes from the shell.

00:58:21 But it's actually the foot.

00:58:23 And it's relatively long compared to the length of the animal.

00:58:26 Dolphins use this member to dig in the sand.

00:58:30 The blue whale is the largest living animal.

00:58:33 And it is also larger than most dinosaurs.

00:58:36 It can reach more than 30 meters long and weigh nearly 200 tons.

00:58:41 This is equivalent to 50 adult elephants.

00:58:44 The tongue of a blue whale can alone weigh more than an elephant.

00:58:47 Such a giant needs to eat a lot.

00:58:50 Half a million calories in one bite.

00:58:53 The heart of the blue whale is the size of a small car and weighs 590 kilos.

00:58:58 To circulate blood in such a gigantic body,

00:59:01 the heartbeats are so loud that you can hear them even from 3 kilometers away.

00:59:06 The pulse of a whale only drops 8 to 10 times per minute.

00:59:09 The whale is one of the noisiest creatures that exist.

00:59:13 Its cry can reach 180 decibels, which is as loud as a jet plane.

00:59:18 Nearly 95% of the jellyfish's body is made up of water.

00:59:23 For comparison, the human body is made up of 60% water.

00:59:27 This is probably no surprise,

00:59:29 since jellyfish do not have a heart, blood, eyes or brain.

00:59:33 The other 5% of their body weight is made up of proteins, muscles and nerve cells.

00:59:40 Jellyfish have existed for more than 500 million years.

00:59:43 They are therefore older than dinosaurs.

00:59:46 These creatures have not changed much,

00:59:48 and today's jellyfish look a lot like their ancestors.

00:59:51 These creatures live in the ocean,

00:59:53 but in 1991, more than 2,000 jellyfish polyps were brought into space.

00:59:59 Scientists wanted to see how they would react in an environment without gravity.

01:00:03 The jellyfish reproduced and created 60,000 new polyps.

01:00:07 Unfortunately, they could not function normally after their return to Earth.

01:00:11 A species of jellyfish can literally live forever.

01:00:14 When it ages, the creature goes down to the bottom of the sea to become a polyp again.

01:00:19 This polyp turns into a new jellyfish with the same genome.

01:00:23 The Groenland sharks can live for 500 years.

01:00:26 This is an animal whose life span is almost the longest known of all vertebrates.

01:00:30 The jellyfish are sociable creatures that spend their lives surrounded by their families.

01:00:35 These animals support each other and have close friends who remember each other well,

01:00:39 even if they do not see each other for a long time.

01:00:42 Electric jellyfish have small eyes that are not very effective in environments without light.

01:00:47 They rely on their electrical organs.

01:00:50 These are made up of 6,000 cells.

01:00:53 Jellyfish use them to store energy, such as batteries.

01:00:56 These creatures use electricity, such as bats use their radar,

01:01:00 or dolphins use their sonar.

01:01:02 A jellyfish can also produce enough electricity to power an electric light bulb.

01:01:09 There is a small archipelago tropical fish that can learn to recognize human faces.

01:01:14 This fish has the interesting ability to spit out small jets of water from its mouth.

01:01:20 Researchers showed the fish images of two different faces placed side by side.

01:01:25 One was unknown, the other familiar.

01:01:28 The fish was supposed to spit out water on the familiar face.

01:01:31 The creature made the right choice in more than 80% of cases.

01:01:35 Every year in winter, the great white sharks that live along the California coast disappear.

01:01:40 It's like they're on vacation for 30 to 40 days.

01:01:43 The animals go to a point halfway between Hawaii and Mexico.

01:01:47 They do it to feed, relax or spend time with their friends from other regions.

01:01:52 The place is now called the White Shark Café.

01:01:55 Some types of sharks, such as macos, whale sharks or white sharks, breathe in a very specific way.

01:02:01 This forces them to swim non-stop.

01:02:04 They must also move quickly and with their mouths open.

01:02:07 This way, oxygen can enter and reach their gills.

01:02:10 Sponges are among the most primitive animals.

01:02:14 They are immobile, have no mouth, eyes, bones, brain, heart, lungs or any other organ.

01:02:20 And yet they are alive.

01:02:22 There is a sea unicorn.

01:02:25 It's an animal called narwhal.

01:02:27 Its horn is actually a tooth that can reach three meters long.

01:02:30 The lamentins, also called sea cows, are distant relatives of elephants.

01:02:35 Their weight can reach 450 kilos.

01:02:37 These creatures are vegetarian and need to eat about 10% of their total weight every day.

01:02:43 It's a lot of marine salad.

01:02:45 In some cases, the lamentins share space with the alligators.

01:02:48 But they get along pretty well.

01:02:50 You can find a picture of Florida where an alligator climbs on the back of a lamentin.

01:02:54 Frogfish have special fins that help these creatures walk on the sand.

01:02:59 They are very useful in shallow waters.

01:03:03 A sunfish or ghost fish is difficult to see.

01:03:07 But once you've spotted it, you'll be very surprised.

01:03:10 Its head represents more than 40% of its body.

01:03:13 Crabs don't want to waste time with formalities such as putting food in their mouths.

01:03:18 That's why they eat it with their paws, where their gustatory gills are.

01:03:22 Sea iguanas are the only lizards on our planet that like to spend time in the ocean,

01:03:27 even though they mainly live on land.

01:03:29 They are herbivores that feed in shallow waters and swim like snakes.

01:03:34 Iguanas use their long claws to hang on the bottom when they need to eat.

01:03:39 Green turtles can travel more than 12,250 kilometers during their migration.

01:03:45 They try to find the ideal place to lay their eggs.

01:03:48 Penguins fly in some way when they are underwater, reaching a speed of 40 kilometers per hour.

01:03:53 More than 500 million years ago, that's what I heard, I wasn't there at the time,

01:03:58 deep-sea worms and humans had a common ancestor.

01:04:02 We therefore still share 70% of our genes with these creatures.

01:04:06 And with the stars of the sea, the squid and the octopus,

01:04:09 the ocean covers more than 70% of our planet and more than 80% of it is unexplored.

01:04:16 More than a million species live there.

01:04:18 But there are not only animals.

01:04:20 Three million spawning grounds lie at the bottom of the ocean,

01:04:23 containing mysterious stories.

01:04:25 Many of them are still to be discovered.

01:04:28 There are sharks that shine in the dark.

01:04:34 For example, sharks howl.

01:04:36 They live in the dark depths of the ocean, at a depth of 518 meters below the surface.

01:04:41 No one knows exactly why,

01:04:43 but they emit a fluorescent glow that only other sharks can see.

01:04:48 Scientists have detected this glow by using filters that block yellow light.

01:04:53 They think it could be the way for these big fish to communicate with their friends.

01:04:58 This glow helps these sharks fight infections at the microbial level.

01:05:02 Cormorants have secret passwords that they use to recognize each other.

01:05:06 They are a specific type of parasitic bird,

01:05:08 since they lay their eggs in the nests of other species of birds.

01:05:12 Young cormorants have an internal mechanism that allows them to recognize the song of their species

01:05:17 as a kind of secret password that only they know.

01:05:20 This is how they manage to find other birds of their species.

01:05:24 A grizzly has an incredibly strong bite force.

01:05:28 It may seem cute, but if you get close to this big guy,

01:05:32 you'd better stay away from its sharp claws and especially from its mouth.

01:05:36 Its bite force is more than 8 million Pascals,

01:05:40 which means it can crush a bowling ball.

01:05:43 Some animals have thick stripes, others are more superficial.

01:05:48 Tigers are part of the first group.

01:05:50 Not only their fur is striped, but their skin is too.

01:05:54 The same goes for other big fur felines, like snow leopards.

01:05:58 Giraffes and zebras are part of the second group,

01:06:01 because they have patterns only on their fur.

01:06:04 Speaking of zebras, do you think they are black with white stripes or white with black stripes?

01:06:10 At first glance, it seems that the second option is the right one.

01:06:14 Their black stripes end mainly inside their legs and on their belly,

01:06:18 and the rest is white.

01:06:20 But that's not true. Surprisingly, they are black with white stripes.

01:06:24 All their fur, whether white or black,

01:06:26 grows from follicles containing cells called melanocytes.

01:06:30 All animals have these cells.

01:06:32 They produce a pigment called melanin,

01:06:35 which gives color to their hair and skin.

01:06:38 In zebras, chemical messages indicate which melanocytes send the pigment to which area of the fur.

01:06:44 That's why zebras have a black and white pattern.

01:06:47 White is not a clean pigment, it's a lack of melanin.

01:06:51 Black is therefore their default color.

01:06:54 Koalas have fingerprints so close to ours that they could even alter crime scenes.

01:06:59 Apparently, they don't have much in common with humans.

01:07:02 But look closer at their hands.

01:07:04 They have distinctive loops and arches,

01:07:07 so if a koala wants to do something illegal, it would be good if it wore gloves.

01:07:12 Phantom crabs growl when they are in the presence of creatures they don't like or find threatening.

01:07:17 They do so by using their teeth from their stomach.

01:07:20 First, they let you know that they will defend themselves if you try something by showing you their claws.

01:07:25 If that doesn't work, they emit a scary growl like dogs.

01:07:29 But the noise comes from rubbing their three long and hard teeth inside their stomach.

01:07:35 Phantom crabs make the same noise when they chew food.

01:07:39 Speaking of teeth, did you know that narwhal's teeth are actually a kind of upside-down teeth?

01:07:45 Unlike most other whales,

01:07:47 narwhals are the only ones to have a large defense, or teeth, that grow inside their jaws.

01:07:54 They have up to 10 million nerve endings that are not protected,

01:07:58 which means that their defense is very sensitive to all kinds of contact.

01:08:02 It's almost like a piece of skin, because defenses generally don't have many nerve endings.

01:08:08 Almost 95% of humans are right-handed, and it's the same for dolphins.

01:08:13 There are even more right-handed people among them than among humans.

01:08:17 In a study, scientists discovered that dolphins turn to the left more than 99% of the time,

01:08:24 which means they are right-handed.

01:08:26 They place their right side and right eye closer to the bottom of the ocean

01:08:30 when they go to look for their prey, such as squids, shrimp or small fish.

01:08:34 Other interesting facts about the ocean.

01:08:38 Did you know that humpback whales use bubbles when they chase their prey?

01:08:41 We might think that they don't need any special method, given their size,

01:08:45 but when they throw their prey into deep waters,

01:08:47 these whales team up and use a technique called "bubble netting".

01:08:51 While swimming in an ascending spiral, they blow bubbles underwater.

01:08:55 These bubbles prevent the fish from escaping.

01:08:58 The oldest evidence that we have of domesticated cats dates back to 12,000 years ago.

01:09:02 Researchers discovered it nearly 20 years ago by digging in an ancient village in Cyprus.

01:09:07 They found bones of cats right next to human bones,

01:09:11 suggesting that they were close, even when their lives were coming to an end.

01:09:14 Humans were hunters, so they domesticated dogs first, about 29,000 years ago.

01:09:20 Dogs helped them catch other animals, but they didn't think they would need cats

01:09:25 until they began to settle and store the surplus of food.

01:09:29 Mice are often found in cereal stores,

01:09:33 and cats proved to be very useful at that time.

01:09:36 Macaws are very clever when they want to scratch themselves.

01:09:41 They can probably be proud of their beautiful beaks,

01:09:44 but they obviously think that scratching themselves is not enough.

01:09:47 Researchers have found that they spontaneously take a small wooden stick

01:09:52 to scratch a place that eats them.

01:09:54 There is a special type of ant that only lives in a small part of Manhattan.

01:09:59 Broadway's "Plain Ground", between 63rd and 76th streets,

01:10:03 is the place that these rampant creatures have decided to choose.

01:10:07 The manatee, Ant, seems to come from Europe,

01:10:10 but no European species can really look like it.

01:10:13 Hey, Potter fans, can you believe that there is such a thing as a chocolate frog?

01:10:18 Well, not quite, but it looks like it.

01:10:21 New Guinea and Australia have not always been separated.

01:10:25 They have spent millions of years together,

01:10:27 until, about 12,000 years ago, the sea level separated them.

01:10:31 As they have stayed together for so long,

01:10:34 some animals and some plants still live in the two regions,

01:10:37 including the White's quails.

01:10:39 These frogs have spread very far,

01:10:42 and some of them, who live in hot and swampy regions,

01:10:45 surrounded by many crocodiles, seem to be in chocolate.

01:10:49 We all know pink flamingos for their particular color,

01:10:52 but they are not really pink.

01:10:54 They are born gray and would remain so if they did not feed on blue algae and shrimp.

01:10:59 These foods contain a specific natural color,

01:11:02 which explains why pink flamingos feathers turn pink over time.

01:11:07 When Tasmanian little devils grow up and leave their mother,

01:11:10 they regroup and form bonds that last a lifetime.

01:11:14 Cows also have stronger social bonds than we think.

01:11:17 They like socializing and we like lasting friendships.

01:11:21 A study even revealed that their heart rate increases significantly

01:11:25 as a sign of stress when they are separated from their best friends.

01:11:29 Imagine that you can simply freeze during the cold winter days,

01:11:33 instead of listening to your teeth crack and trying to close your jacket.

01:11:37 This is what frogs can do.

01:11:39 Aquatic frogs mainly hibernate underwater

01:11:42 and spend most of the winter at the bottom of a pond, a lake or another water source.

01:11:47 Toads and frogs generally have cold blood,

01:11:50 which means that the temperature of their bodies adapts to that of their environment.

01:11:55 Thus, frogs can freeze during the winter

01:11:57 due to a high concentration of sugar or glucose in their vital organs.

01:12:02 Once thawed, they continue as if nothing had happened.

01:12:05 Peacocks have three hearts and blue blood.

01:12:08 They can move at a speed of 40 km/h and project ink,

01:12:12 which not only blurs the predator's visual field, but also nights it.

01:12:17 Peacocks also have nine brains,

01:12:19 the central brain and eight smaller brains located in their arms.

01:12:23 This is why their arms can open a shell,

01:12:26 while the central brain is busy doing something else.

01:12:29 A peacock even tastes with its arms.

01:12:31 They have cells in their gills that allow the arm to touch and taste

01:12:36 in order to detect the chemical substances produced by marine creatures.

01:12:40 In this way, a peacock can distinguish its prey from rocks.

01:12:44 It is possible that you have a dog that wags its tail around your house or sniffs at your feet.

01:12:51 But have you ever admired the finesse of your dog's ears?

01:12:54 I mean, it can perceive the opening of a bag of chips

01:12:57 even if you are on another floor of the house.

01:13:00 Even with this incredible ability,

01:13:02 most pets do not have the best hearing in the animal kingdom.

01:13:06 In fact, they are not even in the top 5.

01:13:09 On this note, let's venture into the world of Louis Animal

01:13:12 and try to imagine what life is like for other creatures.

01:13:16 The fact is that we humans are rather strong.

01:13:21 We have all kinds of talents,

01:13:23 but when it comes to Louis Fine's Olympic Games,

01:13:25 we are not even qualified for the competition.

01:13:28 Let's say we are next to a cat or a bat,

01:13:30 and our ears seem rather basic.

01:13:32 Take, for example, elephants.

01:13:34 They are large animals, and their ears are just as big.

01:13:37 Their auditory organs are able to capture infrasound waves.

01:13:40 However, these are not ordinary sound waves.

01:13:43 These are low-frequency murmurs that are inaudible to us.

01:13:47 This means that elephants can hear things such as the movement of rain clouds.

01:13:52 Not only that, but these mastodons also have a rather clever way of communicating.

01:13:57 They hammer the ground, creating barely perceptible vibrations.

01:14:01 But for elephants, these vibrations are the equivalent of a long-distance phone call.

01:14:07 These messages pass through their feet and through the bones of their ears,

01:14:11 even when they are several kilometers away.

01:14:13 This is what we call a very good reception.

01:14:16 Let's move on to bats.

01:14:22 They have become masters in the art of night tracking

01:14:24 thanks to their ability to echolocate.

01:14:27 These animals emit very high-frequency sounds,

01:14:30 which are reflected after hitting objects.

01:14:33 This echo helps bats to build a mental map,

01:14:36 allowing them to move without any problem in the dark.

01:14:39 And when we thought that bats could not be cooler,

01:14:42 scientists discovered that their auditory abilities extended to their wings.

01:14:47 Special hairs called Merkel's epidermal cells detect air movements,

01:14:52 allowing bats to detect objects in front of them.

01:14:55 This is not the ordinary noise we are used to,

01:14:58 but it is a fantastic adaptation to their environment.

01:15:01 Dolphins, on the other hand, are masters of aquatic acoustics.

01:15:06 To begin with, one might think that living underwater would be an obstacle to hearing,

01:15:11 but dolphins have turned this challenge into an advantage.

01:15:14 They have developed their own version of echolocation

01:15:17 and emit sound impulses from their foreheads.

01:15:20 These sounds bounce off objects and are captured by the dolphin's jaw

01:15:24 before being transmitted to the brain via particularly developed auditory nerves.

01:15:28 Their ears, although present, do not play a central role in the hearing,

01:15:32 as is the case in our case.

01:15:34 Instead, dolphins have found innovative ways to listen,

01:15:37 proving once again how incredible animals are.

01:15:41 Do not let their domestic status overdo you.

01:15:44 Your cats and dogs are champions of hearing.

01:15:47 Cats and dogs are designed to capture sounds at high frequencies up to 50 meters away.

01:15:53 Practical for catching mice, isn't it?

01:15:56 Dogs, on the other hand, are pros when it comes to locating sounds

01:16:00 through the muscles around their ears.

01:16:02 Have you ever seen your dolphin raise its ear when it hears something suspicious?

01:16:06 It is its sharp ear that is at work.

01:16:13 Even the smallest beings that hover around us, like insects, can listen to the world.

01:16:18 In fact, some insects have something similar to our human eardrums.

01:16:23 It is a small delicate membrane, called the tympanic organ.

01:16:27 Our eardrums vibrate with sound waves.

01:16:30 This vibration is then transformed into a signal that our brain can understand.

01:16:35 Well, you've probably heard the night serenade of crickets

01:16:38 or the frightened rhythm of cicadas in summer.

01:16:41 These little mellowmen use precisely this type of configuration to listen to the world around them.

01:16:47 It's not all, however.

01:16:49 Some insects adopt a different approach to detect their environment.

01:16:53 They have these sensory cells right in the middle of their antennas.

01:16:57 This structure is what is called the Johnstone organ.

01:17:01 Take, for example, mosquitoes, bees, or even drosophiles.

01:17:05 They use their antennas not only to locate their path, but also to listen to the world.

01:17:11 Even better, sphinxes, these nocturnal and twilight butterflies,

01:17:16 have a unique organ nestled in their mouths.

01:17:19 It is like a superpower that would allow them to hear the ultrasound.

01:17:24 With this, they can avoid the dangerous plunge of bats on the run.

01:17:32 As for Louis' ultimate trophy, the animal kingdom has a very special champion.

01:17:38 It's another night butterfly.

01:17:40 Not just any butterfly, however.

01:17:42 It's the wax moth, studied by researchers based in Glasgow, Scotland.

01:17:47 They have a fascinating knowledge of these butterflies,

01:17:50 which deserves to be heard in order to pay attention to them.

01:17:54 Just to give you a little context,

01:17:58 the wax moth is not distinguished by its appearance.

01:18:01 It is just... brownish.

01:18:03 As for its daily routine, it loves to nibble on honeycombs.

01:18:08 Although it perfectly blends into the animal kingdom,

01:18:11 it has a hell of an ear.

01:18:13 How fine is its ear, you ask?

01:18:16 Well, it was discovered that this little creature

01:18:19 could detect sounds at frequencies up to 300 kHz.

01:18:23 In comparison, our human ears can only detect sounds of about 20 kHz.

01:18:30 This capacity, already not impressive,

01:18:33 drops to about 15 kHz as we age.

01:18:36 Even dolphins cannot compete with the wax moth.

01:18:40 They can only hear sounds up to about 160 kHz.

01:18:44 You're probably wondering why a simple myth would need such a developed ear.

01:18:50 Scientists explain that the reason behind this extraordinary hearing

01:18:54 lies in its survival instinct.

01:18:56 Its fear of predation, to be precise.

01:18:58 Wax moths use high-frequency echolocation signals

01:19:02 to detect their delicious butterfly meal, among so many other insects.

01:19:06 But these ingenious little myths have evolved

01:19:09 to detect frequencies that even the wax moths could not reach.

01:19:13 Despite this reasoning, the mystery persists

01:19:16 as to why these night butterflies could need to hear at such frequencies.

01:19:20 During their research,

01:19:22 specialists realized that their ultrasound recordings

01:19:25 presented some shortcomings.

01:19:27 There is a chance that the bats are able to emit signals

01:19:31 at such high frequencies that the night butterflies can hear them.

01:19:35 To find out, scientists used a special ultrasound device.

01:19:40 It first emitted these extremely high frequencies,

01:19:43 and then observed the reaction of the night butterflies

01:19:46 using electrodes to measure their neuronal responses.

01:19:49 The practical implications of these researches could be considerable.

01:19:56 Understanding the internal functioning of wax moths' ear

01:20:00 could have a great impact on technology.

01:20:03 These knowledge could help researchers design tiny microphones, for example.

01:20:08 We know that all kinds of creatures,

01:20:12 small animals crawling on the ground like titans swimming in the ocean,

01:20:16 are able to detect certain sound frequencies

01:20:18 that our human ears simply cannot detect.

01:20:21 However, researchers have made a fascinating discovery.

01:20:25 For the first time, they have shown that our ability

01:20:28 to detect tiny differences in sound frequencies

01:20:31 could be superior to that of animals,

01:20:34 and this is thanks to our individual neurons.

01:20:37 How did they prove this, you may ask?

01:20:40 Well, they used a unique technique

01:20:43 that allows them to record the activity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex.

01:20:47 It is a part of our brain that plays a major role in sound processing,

01:20:52 while we are exposed to various sounds.

01:20:55 You see, most of what we know about the auditory cortex

01:20:58 was discovered during past researches

01:21:01 that studied how the neural activity of animals reacted to sound.

01:21:05 These studies were extremely useful

01:21:07 to give us an overview of the way in which these neurons are treated in our own auditory system.

01:21:12 But they did not really allow us to know what distinguished us, humans,

01:21:16 in the way we perceive sounds.

01:21:19 When researchers tested how we react to artificial sounds,

01:21:23 they discovered that the neurons in our auditory cortex

01:21:26 responded with a surprising level of precision to certain specific frequencies.

01:21:30 They could even detect differences as small as a quarter of a tone,

01:21:34 simply by observing the reaction of individual neurons.

01:21:38 This is a level of detail that is generally not found in the auditory cortex of other mammals.

01:21:45 The only exception could be bats,

01:21:47 which use their "yes" in a rather unique way.

01:21:50 But this could explain why we can distinguish frequencies better than animals.

01:21:55 It seems that the way our brains treat these neurons

01:21:58 presents some particular characteristics.

01:22:01 When we broadcast more natural sounds,

01:22:04 such as conversations, music and everyday sounds,

01:22:08 the neurons then showed complex activity diagrams.

01:22:11 These diagrams could not be fully explained by the only selectivity of neurons.

01:22:16 Studies on animals have shown similar phenomena,

01:22:19 but it was the first time we observed this in humans.

01:22:23 It's just an ordinary day.

01:22:26 As usual, you take a shower before starting to prepare for work.

01:22:30 Everything goes as planned,

01:22:32 until everything goes to shit.

01:22:35 A clumsy gesture, a little water spilled on the floor,

01:22:38 and here you are, fighting with your arms in the air,

01:22:41 your body approaching the ground at a frightening speed.

01:22:45 Everything goes black.

01:22:47 The first thing you hear is a sharp whistling in your head.

01:22:52 "Ouch, your head, ouch!"

01:22:55 You get up with caution.

01:22:57 There is no blood, and that's even better.

01:23:00 What is even better is that the annoying noise stops abruptly.

01:23:04 By holding your head, you get out of the bathroom,

01:23:07 and you miss to stumble on your cat Milo.

01:23:10 He meows, then a clear voice in your head tells you,

01:23:13 "You big clumsy bastard!"

01:23:15 "Huh?"

01:23:16 You turn your head in fear, but you don't see anyone.

01:23:19 There's only you and... Milo?

01:23:22 You probably hit your head harder than you thought.

01:23:25 You raise your shoulders and head to the kitchen.

01:23:28 Milo follows you.

01:23:29 You hear incessant snoring.

01:23:31 "Why can he sleep in the bedroom when I'm not allowed to stay?"

01:23:35 "Why haven't I had my meal yet? This human is too lazy!"

01:23:39 "Should I scratch the sofa or leave a mouse on his pillow?"

01:23:43 The first thought that comes to mind is,

01:23:45 "Are there mice in the house?"

01:23:47 The second is more relevant.

01:23:49 "I'm losing the ball."

01:23:51 "Great!"

01:23:52 In automatic driving mode,

01:23:54 you pour some milk into Milo's bowl,

01:23:56 and you fill another one with croquettes.

01:23:59 The cat doesn't seem satisfied with your speed,

01:24:02 if we believe his...

01:24:03 "Oh, for heaven's sake, move, man!"

01:24:07 OK, now you have to live with the fact that your beloved cat Milo

01:24:12 is actually the character of a grumpy old man.

01:24:15 "Argh!"

01:24:16 You decide to lock yourself in the bathroom again

01:24:19 because you're starting to feel exhausted.

01:24:22 You sit down on the toilet seat,

01:24:24 and you miss falling from your throne upside down

01:24:27 when you hear the noise of noisy disputes.

01:24:30 After looking around you,

01:24:32 you discover that apparently,

01:24:34 there are not only mice,

01:24:36 but also cockroaches in your house.

01:24:38 Simply brilliant!

01:24:40 You're currently staring at a pair of insects

01:24:43 that seem to be having a good time.

01:24:45 At least one of them is accusing the other of...

01:24:47 Wait, what?

01:24:49 Cheating?

01:24:50 You've heard enough.

01:24:52 You're about to leave the bathroom when you hear a "Bang!"

01:24:56 In the bathroom,

01:24:57 you find your cat lying on the floor under a broken flower pot.

01:25:00 The worst part is that he looks really hurt.

01:25:03 He keeps whining and meowing.

01:25:05 "I'm hurt, I'm hurt, my leg, ouch, ouch!"

01:25:08 "But the sofa can't stay without scratches today!"

01:25:12 You catch Milo,

01:25:14 push him into his car,

01:25:16 "Hey, watch out, you, biped!"

01:25:18 and you head to the clinic.

01:25:20 On the way,

01:25:21 you have to focus hard to block the noise

01:25:23 of the countless voices that are bothering you.

01:25:26 The vet's waiting room is full.

01:25:28 You'll have to wait a long time.

01:25:30 Half an hour later,

01:25:31 your head is ready to explode.

01:25:34 You discover that this yellow python is suspiciously interested

01:25:39 in the hamster that the young girl in the corner is holding against her chest.

01:25:44 "So, so pretty!"

01:25:48 The hamster is worried about his reserve of nuts.

01:25:51 "Where did I hide them? Where, where, where?"

01:25:54 A little dog with a damaged leg is afraid of needles.

01:25:58 "It's that pointy thing, it's coming towards me again!"

01:26:00 "They'll regret it! I'll destroy everyone on my way!"

01:26:04 Your turn has finally come.

01:26:06 The vet invites you to her office

01:26:08 and you lean to get Milo

01:26:10 when a desperate-looking young man

01:26:12 bursts into the room.

01:26:14 "My hamster, what's wrong with him?"

01:26:16 The vet looks at you apologizing,

01:26:18 but you're focused on the hamster.

01:26:21 He looks weak, but you manage to understand the words

01:26:24 "chocolate", "yum".

01:26:26 When you tell the vet and the owner in the corner

01:26:29 that the hamster ate chocolate,

01:26:31 which is actually a poison for dogs,

01:26:33 they look at you with a funny look

01:26:35 and disappear into the doctor's office.

01:26:38 A little later, the guy comes out

01:26:40 holding the dog, who looks much better than before.

01:26:43 When they're gone, the vet turns to you.

01:26:45 "How did you know that this dog had eaten chocolate?"

01:26:48 "Oh, oh, here we are!"

01:26:50 You decide that honesty is the best strategy

01:26:53 and you tell the vet that you can understand

01:26:55 what the animals are saying.

01:26:57 Of course, they don't believe you.

01:27:00 You have to make an effort to persuade her,

01:27:03 but with the help of two other dogs,

01:27:05 Milo and an old squirrel,

01:27:07 you manage to make her believe you're making progress.

01:27:11 When you get home,

01:27:13 you have a dizzying look and you're very hungry.

01:27:16 You only think of flat eggs and bacon.

01:27:19 "Yum!"

01:27:21 "Wait, bacon? But that's..."

01:27:24 "Oh, oh, apparently, from today on,

01:27:27 you've become a vegetarian."

01:27:30 Whatever it is, that's when everything changes.

01:27:33 You don't know how it happened,

01:27:35 but you become famous overnight.

01:27:38 The next morning, a loud noise wakes you up,

01:27:41 and it's not like animals are talking to you.

01:27:44 You look out the window

01:27:46 and you see a crowd of people gathered around your house.

01:27:49 Some are journalists,

01:27:51 but others are owners of pets

01:27:54 who have come to ask for your help.

01:27:57 Milo is not happy.

01:27:59 While growling non-stop and calling out your name,

01:28:02 he bites your leg and takes refuge under the stairs.

01:28:06 And you, you go out to talk to people

01:28:09 and answer questions from journalists.

01:28:12 At night, you're exhausted, but also happy.

01:28:15 You've saved several animals today.

01:28:18 They had serious health problems and psychological disorders

01:28:21 that their owner couldn't solve on his own.

01:28:24 Lying in your bed in the dark,

01:28:27 you think about how you could use your powers.

01:28:30 That's when your plan takes shape.

01:28:33 Soon, you become the world's most famous animal care specialist.

01:28:38 You listen to the animals talk about their problems,

01:28:41 you relieve them of their depression,

01:28:44 and you help them solve their problems with their owner.

01:28:48 TV shows invite you for interviews.

01:28:51 Your YouTube channel grows every day.

01:28:54 People recognize you in the street and ask you to take pictures with them.

01:28:58 You travel the world.

01:29:00 You help endangered species and give lectures.

01:29:03 You open veterinary clinics all over the world

01:29:06 and you invite the best professionals to work there.

01:29:09 You never feel alone.

01:29:11 There's always someone to talk to or listen to.

01:29:14 At least a few birds when you're walking in the park

01:29:17 or a few fish when you rarely rest on the beach.

01:29:21 At the same time, you've become aware of the number of animals

01:29:24 that beg for help, but no one can hear them.

01:29:29 You decide to play their spokesperson.

01:29:32 It turns out that you're now famous not only in the world of humans,

01:29:36 but also in the world of animals.

01:29:38 They are grateful and, in return, they start to inform you

01:29:42 of various natural disasters that are about to occur on the planet.

01:29:47 You've heard that animals can predict earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

01:29:52 And if before, people had to make an effort to notice

01:29:55 the unusual behavior of certain species,

01:29:58 now animals simply pass you information

01:30:01 about what's going to happen and where.

01:30:04 With time, you notice that you spend less time among people

01:30:08 and more time with animals.

01:30:10 Together, you plan campaigns against zoos,

01:30:13 circuses and other places where animals are held against their will.

01:30:17 And then one day, the unthinkable happens.

01:30:20 You go home when a black truck stops next to you.

01:30:24 Several masked guys catch you and push you inside.

01:30:28 The doors close behind you.

01:30:31 Inside, you discover that several influential people

01:30:34 are not happy with your activity.

01:30:37 You realize that this trip is not going to end well.

01:30:41 The guys blindfold you and drive you somewhere.

01:30:44 But at one point, you lose your footing

01:30:46 and you hit your head against something.

01:30:49 Very hard!

01:30:50 You open your eyes, Milo stands above you

01:30:53 and looks at your extended body with a certain indifference.

01:30:57 And then the most terrible thing happens.

01:31:00 He meows, which sounds like a whole sentence,

01:31:03 turns around and leaves the bathroom.

01:31:06 And you don't understand a single meowing of what he says.

01:31:10 Was all of this just a dream?

01:31:13 Well, let's be realistic.

01:31:15 We humans are rather ordinary.

01:31:19 We are not superheroes with superpowers, are we?

01:31:23 What?

01:31:24 You didn't know?

01:31:26 The animal world, on the other hand, has a lot of superheroes.

01:31:31 Some creatures go and wind forever,

01:31:34 others seem to be making fun of gravity laws.

01:31:37 Others are still immune to venom,

01:31:40 and others can finally run on water.

01:31:42 Some of them will give you chills.

01:31:45 The first superpower on the list is the ability to live without water.

01:31:49 Kangaroo rats can run out of water for years.

01:31:52 In fact, it doesn't bother them to live without water.

01:31:55 Humans, on the other hand, can only survive three days without water.

01:31:59 Human, 0, kangaroo rat, 1.

01:32:03 These little animals live in extremely arid desert areas

01:32:07 and must draw water from the seeds and plants they eat.

01:32:10 Although this may seem a little worrying,

01:32:13 kangaroo rats also know how to extract water from their urine before going to the bathroom.

01:32:18 So they don't lose a single drop of this precious moisture.

01:32:22 This could be useful in sports.

01:32:25 Let me now introduce you to the Peter Parker of the animal world.

01:32:29 It looks like Spiderman is real, but he's not human.

01:32:33 Here is a gecko lizard, or simply a gecko.

01:32:36 This creature has the wonderful ability to climb on all kinds of vertical surfaces

01:32:41 and can even walk on the ceiling.

01:32:43 This feat that defies the laws of gravity is possible thanks to the lizard's unique plantar cushion,

01:32:49 covered with tiny hairs.

01:32:51 They can cling to almost any surface, whether it's smooth, hard, rough or soft.

01:32:57 Another funny fact about these lizards is that they don't have eyelids.

01:33:02 So they always keep a wide open eye on what's going on around them.

01:33:07 If you're wondering how they protect their eyes, here's the answer.

01:33:12 Their eyes are covered with a transparent membrane, the cornea.

01:33:16 Of course, they can't close their eyes, and if they have something in their eye, they just lick it.

01:33:22 It's true, they clean their eyeballs by licking them.

01:33:26 You can imagine that this is another superpower.

01:33:29 Supersonic superpowers?

01:33:32 Yes, of course.

01:33:33 A subtropical shrimp of about 2.5 cm disorients its prey with a shock wave.

01:33:40 Despite its modest size, the pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest marine animals.

01:33:46 When the shrimp snaps its claws, it makes a noise as loud as a sonic boom.

01:33:51 Naturally, this sound stuns the prey, and the shrimp can catch it without much effort.

01:33:56 In the world of comics, there's venom.

01:33:59 In the animal world, there's a type that can be called anti-venom.

01:34:03 Opossums are known for their very practical trick, which is to pretend to be dead when a predator attacks them.

01:34:10 But that's not all.

01:34:12 These animals are also immune to snake venom with sonnet and viper pelliade.

01:34:18 The secret lies in a peptide that helps opossums neutralize dangerous chemical substances.

01:34:24 That's why snakes are one of the favorite snacks of the opossum's diet.

01:34:30 Their diet also consists of a curious element, ticks.

01:34:34 An opossum can catch about 5,000 ticks per season, and most of them are taken on its own body.

01:34:41 Imagine a fish so famous that it's called a dangerous fish.

01:34:46 It's the mbenga, which literally translates as "dangerous fish" in Swahili.

01:34:51 This monster lives in fresh water and doesn't hesitate to eat a crocodile.

01:34:55 Not an entire crocodile, but the mbenga can easily take a bite.

01:35:00 Finally, to be honest, mbengas are afraid of crocodiles, just like crocodiles are afraid of mbengas.

01:35:07 You're watching this video with a pepareille, aren't you?

01:35:10 Well, all the gadgets we own, we owe them to electric opossums in a way.

01:35:16 All gadgets have batteries, and opossums have contributed a lot to the invention of an electric battery in 1800.

01:35:23 I know, I know, batteries have changed in an unrecognizable way since then.

01:35:28 But still, the first electric battery was invented thanks to electric opossums.

01:35:34 Anyway, if you see one and you want to thank it for its magnificent invention, avoid doing it.

01:35:40 The problem is that they can deliver shocks up to 860 volts.

01:35:45 You don't want to experience it.

01:35:48 Now let's talk about the Dracula tale of the animal kingdom. No, I'm not talking about bats.

01:35:54 I'm talking about the vampire fish Akrok.

01:35:56 These fish are known as payara and have long horns that exceed their lower jaws.

01:36:02 That's why some people associate them with vampires.

01:36:06 Hippos are the gurus of beauty, since they know how to save a fortune on skin care.

01:36:13 Living under the harsh African sun, these secret animals have a red oily substance that looks like sweat evaporating, and keep the animals' bodies cool.

01:36:23 In addition, this liquid serves as both moisturizing cream, sunscreen and antibiotics, but they are not the only ones to have such a superpower.

01:36:33 Shrimp also know how to produce a natural sunscreen, but they use it to protect their eyes.

01:36:41 These are amino acid pigments, and these pigments act like special filters that also help to sharpen their vision.

01:36:49 This is what I call multitasking.

01:36:52 Hurricanes have dark spots around their eyes, which makes them even cuter.

01:36:58 But these black circles are not there just to make our friends even more adorable.

01:37:03 They also act as integrated sunglasses.

01:37:06 The dark fur of the spots blocks the burning sun, which allows the hurricanes to look directly at the sky.

01:37:14 In addition, thanks to this, the sentry, a hurricane that watches birds and other predators, can easily see the danger and alert its companions.

01:37:25 Wild goats are famous for their climbing skills, but it is the Alps' bouquetin, in northern Italy, that is the champion.

01:37:33 This animal can climb almost all vertical surfaces, thus defying several laws of physics.

01:37:40 It is interesting to note that the animals that walk on the walls of the steepest cliffs are generally sea goats, accompanied by their young.

01:37:48 The big males prefer to keep their distance and use flat horizontal surfaces.

01:37:54 They are clever.

01:37:56 Salmons are skilled navigators who could make most drivers blush with shame.

01:38:01 However, this competition would not be fair.

01:38:04 After all, salmon can feel the magnetic field of the planet and use it to navigate if they get lost.

01:38:11 If you have trouble navigating in the city, a salmon could help you.

01:38:16 Do not forget to tie the aquarium.

01:38:19 Some animals protect themselves with venom or vile bites, while others use chemical tricks to protect themselves.

01:38:28 Listen to this. Some species of millipedes produce hydrogen cyanide and exudate when they feel threatened.

01:38:37 Hydrogen cyanide is inodorous, but very toxic.

01:38:40 A single small millipede cannot seriously injure you, but you risk burns or even clots if your skin is sensitive.

01:38:48 In addition, to make the picture even more frightening, some millipedes shine in the dark.

01:38:54 So be careful. And if you see a bright spot at night, save yourself as soon as possible.

01:39:02 When the millipede feels threatened, it sprays a burning liquid from the end of its abdomen, emitting a dry noise.

01:39:10 As soon as the lepidopterus senses a danger, a chemical reaction occurs in special tanks located in its abdomen.

01:39:17 The heat released by this process reaches almost boiling point and also produces a special gas that triggers ejection.

01:39:24 This super protection is generally fatal for attacking insects.

01:39:28 I imagine.

01:39:30 Jesus Christ lizards have the strange ability to run on water.

01:39:34 First of all, their hind legs are equipped with long toes, whose skin stripes can spread over the water.

01:39:41 Thus, a larger surface of the lizard's foot is in contact with the water.

01:39:46 Then, when it runs on the water, its legs move at an incredible speed.

01:39:51 It creates small air pockets that prevent the animal from getting bored and maintaining it on the surface.

01:39:57 The chicks may not always be very interesting, but that does not make them less surprising.

01:40:02 These tiny animals can jump about 50 times the length of their body.

01:40:07 If people could do that, we would be able to jump approximately 1.5 km in the air.

01:40:13 Well, let's try.

01:40:15 The most curious thing about the amazing ability of the chicks is that they shoot most of the power of their jumps from their toes and not from their knees.

01:40:24 What is your favorite animal superpower?

01:40:26 I vote for the kangaroo rat.

01:40:28 I don't like to queue to go to the bathroom.

01:40:33 It turns out that the starfish don't have a head. They are the head.

01:40:37 When you look at a starfish, you probably think it only has five arms.

01:40:41 Scientists have always been curious to know why starfish looked like that, and, in particular, where their heads really were.

01:40:48 Most creatures, including us, have bilaterally symmetrical bodies.

01:40:52 Which means you can sink them in the middle and get two sides that match.

01:40:57 But starfish, as well as flat bears and sea anemones, are different.

01:41:02 They have a radial symmetry, which means that their bodies have identical parts but distributed from the center.

01:41:10 Sea stars or asteris are particular because of this symmetry with five branches.

01:41:16 And they can be divided into five equal parts.

01:41:18 To make this discovery, scientists used a technique called ARN tomography, which helps study genes.

01:41:27 They focused on those that determined the outer layer, including the nervous system.

01:41:32 Surprisingly, the associated genes were active in the starfish's head as well as in its arms.

01:41:38 However, the genes related to the trunk were barely active.

01:41:41 This suggests that starfish have a unique separation between their heads and their bodies.

01:41:47 The study raised new questions about the evolution of these creatures and what their ancestors with trunks could have looked like, based on their fossils.

01:41:56 It also showed that the genes active in the nervous system of an anteropneust were also active in the skin of the starfish, covering its entire body.

01:42:05 These genes are the most active in the center of each arm, changing to the extremity to be more similar to the genes found behind other animals.

01:42:14 Starfish are devoid of the genes that make up a torso.

01:42:18 All this questioned our conception of their anatomy.

01:42:25 There is a rumor that Paul McCartney recorded an ultrasonic whistle for his Shetland shepherd at the end of the Beatles' song "A Day in the Life".

01:42:34 Dogs can perceive these ultrasounds because their hearing is phenomenal.

01:42:38 To move a single ear, they have to use 18 different muscles.

01:42:43 This allows them to quickly locate the origin of the sounds, and it is another skill that surpasses us by far.

01:42:49 Their incredible ears sometimes cast a shadow over their trunks.

01:42:53 The smell of dogs is up to 100,000 times sharper than that of humans.

01:42:57 When we only have about 5 million olfactory receptors, a hunting dog can have up to 3 million.

01:43:04 Another study has shown that dogs and large dolphins could share a fascinating similarity with humans.

01:43:13 They call their loved ones by their name when they are separated.

01:43:16 This would make them the first animals known for this.

01:43:19 These studies have shown that dolphins reproduced the characteristic whistling of one of their own when they were separated from their congeners.

01:43:27 In the recordings of the research program on Sarasota dolphins,

01:43:31 pairs of dolphins were kept in separate basins, but they could still communicate with each other.

01:43:36 And their babbling imitated the unique whistling of their companion dolphins.

01:43:40 Then we have the Flemish and their very particular eating practices.

01:43:47 They are often seen feeding with their heads upside down.

01:43:51 This distinctive behavior is linked to the anatomy of their mouths and the mechanics of their long, elegant necks.

01:43:57 These birds are filter animals, which use their tongues as effective tamis to sort food.

01:44:03 When a Flemish dips his neck in the water, he essentially positions his mouth upside down.

01:44:07 Then the bird flaps its beak and skillfully propels the water through extensions in the form of a comb along this one.

01:44:14 He also uses his tongue to expel the water while retaining all the collected food.

01:44:19 If you watched the film "The Wisdom of the Pigeon",

01:44:25 you may already know that they are able to make links with humans.

01:44:29 But this time, we will focus solely on the anatomy of this creature.

01:44:34 Pigeons have three hearts.

01:44:36 One heart pumps blood through their bodies,

01:44:39 and the other two work as a concierge to send this blood to the animal's branches.

01:44:43 Pigeons also have nine brains.

01:44:46 Each of their eight tentacles has its own mini brain.

01:44:50 These allow each tentacle to move independently at a fast rate.

01:44:55 There is also a ninth brain that oversees the entire nervous system of the octopus.

01:45:01 Opossums are also very intelligent, in their own way.

01:45:07 They are known to feign death when their life is threatened.

01:45:11 If they are confronted with predators,

01:45:13 opossums try to intimidate their enemies by showing their tails,

01:45:17 whistling and groaning.

01:45:19 However, when all these tactics fail,

01:45:22 opossums resign themselves to closing their eyes and collapsing on the side to pretend to be dead.

01:45:27 To perfect the illusion, an opossum can also drool,

01:45:30 let go of its tongue and even get on it to better believe in a sudden death.

01:45:35 It is remarkable that opossums can maintain such a state for several hours.

01:45:40 While waiting to be sure that the threat has disappeared.

01:45:43 Monkeys can be very noisy when they call each other.

01:45:48 But the cry of the screaming monkey can travel about 5 km if the right conditions are met.

01:45:54 Males are generally noisier than females.

01:45:57 This sound is actually created by pulling air through the space of a large bone in the animal's throat.

01:46:03 This bone is larger in males than in females.

01:46:06 And that's why males scream louder.

01:46:10 Polar bears have a black skin under all this fur.

01:46:14 Their white and fluffy fur is actually translucent.

01:46:17 It only looks white because it reflects the visible light and the skin itself is deep black.

01:46:23 These opossums are just as impressive when it comes to swimming.

01:46:26 They can reach a top speed of 10 km / h in the water,

01:46:30 which is rather fast for such large creatures.

01:46:33 They can swim for miles and continue for hours.

01:46:37 Their big legs are made for swimming.

01:46:40 They use them to rummage in the water while their hind legs remain straight and act as a guardian,

01:46:46 helping them to move.

01:46:48 Since we went to see the polar bears,

01:46:51 we could as well add a romantic fact about the opossums.

01:46:54 The opossums Papu and Adélie stand out with generous "propositions".

01:46:59 They offer their potential partners precious pebbles,

01:47:02 essential for the construction of their nests in the desolate landscapes of Antarctica.

01:47:07 If the female opossum accepts this pebble, they are bound for life and ready to mate.

01:47:12 Another study revealed that our adorable domestic cats

01:47:15 share more than 95% of their genetic heritage with tigers.

01:47:20 These charming balls of fur also reproduce many behaviors of their wild parents,

01:47:25 such as marking their territory by their smell

01:47:28 and the classic "tracking and bouncing" as a game.

01:47:32 Biologically, however, the brain of a cat is quite similar to that of a human.

01:47:37 We share identical emotional regions in our brains.

01:47:40 Cats can also produce up to 100 different sounds.

01:47:44 Opossums have tubes, or eye cylinders.

01:47:50 These elongated-shaped eyes do not perform the same movement as our ocular globes.

01:47:55 Our eyes can move in almost all directions.

01:47:58 Opossums must make a full turn through their body or head to look around them.

01:48:04 All this because of their night vision.

01:48:07 To master the art of seeing in the dark,

01:48:10 they need large corneas capable of collecting each particle of light.

01:48:14 Most nocturnal animals, such as lorillas or tarsiers,

01:48:18 have huge eyes to handle this task.

01:48:21 But ibus have small skulls, so that their eyes cannot grow any larger.

01:48:26 Opossums are known for their ability to survive,

01:48:32 and a key reason for this lies in their unique brain structure.

01:48:36 They have two brains, one in their head and one more rudimentary at the level of their abdomen.

01:48:41 If they are so difficult to catch, it is because these animals react extremely quickly.

01:48:47 They have small hairs on their hind legs that can feel the slightest breeze.

01:48:52 When these hairs waggle, the opossum does not waste time.

01:48:55 It instantly goes into escape mode.

01:48:58 Research has shown that an opossum could react in just 1/20th of a second.

01:49:03 So, the moment we turn on the light or catch something to crush it,

01:49:08 the opossum is already running at full speed.

01:49:11 Cats can have dreams.

01:49:13 Sometimes, you can see the moustaches of your cat moving or its paws giving little kicks while it is sleeping.

01:49:18 This does not necessarily mean that your animal is having a nightmare.

01:49:22 Just pay attention to human sleep to get an idea of what is happening in our feline friends.

01:49:27 During paradoxal sleep, or REM, our brain becomes very active, almost as much as it wakes up.

01:49:34 It is also the ideal time to dream.

01:49:36 REM sleep is thus named because of the rapid movements that our eyes make under our eyelids.

01:49:42 But while our eyes can move, the rest of our body remains still.

01:49:46 The emphasis is put on what is happening in our heads.

01:49:49 It is also true for cats.

01:49:51 Apart from a movement here and there, cats generally do not move much when they purr.

01:49:56 I have some great news for you.

01:49:59 Rats are ticklish.

01:50:01 In any case, it was news for me.

01:50:03 Anyway, they have what is called a "laughter center" in their middle brain.

01:50:08 And it is activated when someone tickles its animals or when it is engaged in fun and playful activities.

01:50:14 Researchers discovered this in 2016 after tickling the stomach of rodents and listening to their little high squeaks.

01:50:22 Hummingbirds are the only birds we knew that could "fly backwards".

01:50:27 They do it mainly when they want to get away from the flowers.

01:50:30 And here is an animal that is unable to retreat.

01:50:33 The kangaroo.

01:50:34 They can jump and travel long distances, but the structure of their powerful hind legs and their large tails prevents them from walking backwards.

01:50:42 Narwhals are these strange creatures that look like some kind of sea unicorn.

01:50:49 This "horn" on their heads is not a defense.

01:50:52 It is a huge tooth that comes out through the upper lip of the male narwhals.

01:50:57 This tooth probably plays a role in their nuptial parade.

01:51:01 Pink flamingos are not really pink.

01:51:04 They are born gray.

01:51:05 But during their life, they eat a lot of algae and other foods containing a red-orange pigment that we know as beta-carotene.

01:51:13 This pigment is decomposed and ends up in their skin and feathers, making them pink.

01:51:19 They have to eat a lot of these foods to stay that way.

01:51:23 If we humans wanted to change the color of our skin, we would not be able to eat enough beta-carotene-rich foods to become really pink or, in our case, orange.

01:51:35 The lazy ones are really slow.

01:51:40 All the jokes and references to their subject are true.

01:51:43 But they are also very skilled swimmers.

01:51:46 And they move in the water three to four times faster than on land.

01:51:50 They can do the breaststroke just like humans.

01:51:53 And it's an important skill for them because they are tropical animals living mainly in the jungle.

01:51:59 And these areas are often flooded.

01:52:01 Tigers are the largest members of the feline family.

01:52:04 And yes, even bigger than lions.

01:52:07 Then, no tiger has the same stripes.

01:52:10 Their fur is actually a camouflage, which is useful when they need to find the ideal corner where their prey will not see them.

01:52:18 It is interesting to note that their skin is also striped, not just their fur.

01:52:23 And their stripes are as unique as our fingerprints.

01:52:27 Even if they look rather innocent and funny, you would not want to disturb a rhino.

01:52:34 These wild animals are among the few mammal species capable of poisoning you.

01:52:39 They have ergos on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.

01:52:44 They are not so powerful to be deadly, but it still can be very painful and cause inflammation and other problems.

01:52:53 When a coccinella has to defend itself against any predators, it starts by bleeding its knees.

01:52:58 It is not real blood that comes out of its joints.

01:53:02 It is a particular chemical substance that smells very bad and, therefore, repels predators.

01:53:08 They have another mechanism that helps them survive in the pitiful animal kingdom.

01:53:13 Their specific colors.

01:53:15 Predators do not really like bright-colored combinations such as red, orange and black.

01:53:20 Because they know that colored creatures in this way can have a terrible taste.

01:53:25 Cockerels can be extremely noisy in the morning, but they do not become deaf.

01:53:32 Because they do not even hear how loud their cries can be.

01:53:36 What protects them are some kind of integrated ski balls.

01:53:40 The balls have a similar system that reduces the risk of hearing loss.

01:53:44 Not only do they have this protection, but they can also repel their cochlear cells if they are damaged in just a few days.

01:53:53 Cockerels do not really have eye globes.

01:53:55 They have something that looks more like eye tubes.

01:53:59 And they can't move them from left to right as we can do with our eyes.

01:54:04 That's why these birds have incredibly flexible necks.

01:54:07 They are able to turn their heads at 270 degrees.

01:54:10 In comparison, humans can only turn their back at 180.

01:54:14 That's why cockerels have a specific system of blood vessels in their heads.

01:54:19 It brings fresh blood to the brain if a bird turns its head too quickly and cuts its circulation.

01:54:26 Swim straight in front of you.

01:54:30 You may remember the way Dory, the blue surgeon fish, sang it in Nemo's world.

01:54:37 Dory was not a shark, but it is a message that some species of sharks must take to the letter.

01:54:44 The beautiful sharks, the big white sharks, the beautiful sharks and other species of fish continue to drown all the time.

01:54:52 Otherwise, they stop breathing.

01:54:55 We use our lungs to breathe.

01:54:59 And some sharks use a method called "buccal pump".

01:55:04 This means that they swim with their mouths open.

01:55:07 This way, they allow water to flow through their gills and thus to extract oxygen.

01:55:14 The most dangerous animal on our planet is not a bear, a shark or a tiger with sharp teeth.

01:55:20 It's something much smaller.

01:55:23 The mosquito is not only extremely irritating, but it also transmits serious diseases such as yellow fever, malaria or dengue.

01:55:33 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are killed by such diseases.

01:55:38 Mosquitoes also outnumber all other creatures around the world, except termites and ants.

01:55:48 Grizzlies are incredibly strong animals with a powerful bite capable of crushing a bowling ball.

01:55:55 This is why they are not allowed in the bowling alleys.

01:56:00 Despite this, they are essentially small eaters.

01:56:03 They are strong enough to make their meal everything they encounter, including a bison, a moose or a caribou.

01:56:10 But they always like to nibble on their fruit, nuts and other berries, or even a little unlucky mouse that would get lost in the predator's mouth.

01:56:19 The desert snake is the most venomous snake on the planet.

01:56:23 We also know it as "Oxuranus microlepidotus".

01:56:27 It lives in Australia.

01:56:29 A single bite secretes enough venom to prove fatal to at least a hundred adult humans.

01:56:35 And half an hour is enough if you have nothing to treat the bite immediately.

01:56:39 It is said that these snakes are the most shy and prefer to take care of their own business.

01:56:44 But like other animals, they will attack if they feel threatened or provoked.

01:56:49 There is a type of turtle that can stay alive for months under the ice breathing through its back.

01:56:57 When it gets colder, some animals can't find a safe place to stay.

01:57:02 They must therefore survive in harsh winter conditions wherever they are.

01:57:06 And while the bees are comfortable in their nests and the geese sleep in caves,

01:57:11 the turtles have no choice but to stay in their frozen tanks.

01:57:15 As the ice limits their access to the air, they directly extract the oxygen from the water and breathe through their backs.

01:57:22 Yes, I admit that it would be very practical.

01:57:25 It is well known that crows are incredibly intelligent animals.

01:57:29 They excel in problem solving.

01:57:32 But it seems that they also have an impressive social intelligence.

01:57:36 They are very in tune with their feelings as well as with the emotions of their companions.

01:57:42 If a crow in the group feels moody, it is likely that it also attracts others.

01:57:47 A real joy.

01:57:50 When they see a bird that doesn't like certain food and expresses it very vividly,

01:57:55 they also lose all interest in their own food.

01:58:01 The pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest animals in the world,

01:58:05 even if it is tiny.

01:58:07 Only one goes from 9,000 meters long.

01:58:10 When it detects a prey, it opens its big claw,

01:58:13 which can reach up to half the length of its own body and let it go in a little bit from above.

01:58:19 Then it closes its claw very quickly,

01:58:22 which projects an extremely powerful ball jolt of nearly 100 km / h.

01:58:27 These balls can turn or even finish the prey that the shrimp is trying to catch.

01:58:32 And when the balls burst, they produce an amazingly strong detonation of more than 210 decibels.

01:58:39 Crocodiles are even more frightening than we thought,

01:58:42 because many of them can gallop like goats.

01:58:46 They probably inherited this ability from their ancient crocodile-morph ancestors,

01:58:51 who were as clumsy as cats,

01:58:53 had long legs and could run at a speed of about 18 km / h.

01:58:59 The smallest crocodiles gallop most often when something pursues them.

01:59:04 But the shrimp and alligators obviously do not need to use this skill.

01:59:09 It is you who are most likely to take your legs at your neck when you see them.

Category

Transcript

Recommended