Did you hear about the underwater eruption in the Pacific Ocean? It's making the water fizz like a giant, natural soda! This happens because volcanic activity releases tons of gas, like carbon dioxide, which bubbles up through the water. It’s a wild sight and a reminder of how powerful and unpredictable nature can be. Imagine snorkeling through a sea of bubbles – how cool would that be? #brightside
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Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Listen to Bright Side on:
Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
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FunTranscript
00:00If all the volcanoes on Earth suddenly erupted together, it'd be loud.
00:05We'd also have around 1,500 of these formations bursting at once.
00:11Normally it's just 10 to 20 volcanoes that are active each day.
00:15But what would the world look like if they all blew their tops simultaneously?
00:22Geologists think it wouldn't be pretty.
00:23Even if only the land volcanoes erupted together, it would set off a chain reaction way worse
00:29than anything we've ever seen before.
00:31The two big problems would be ash and volcanic gases.
00:35While the explosions and lava would be damaging for people nearby, the real danger lies in
00:40what happens next.
00:42A thick layer of ash would cover the planet, blocking out sunlight completely.
00:46No sunlight means no photosynthesis, which means crops would fade away and temperatures
00:52would drop considerably.
00:54And all this ash cloud could remain in our atmosphere for up to 10 years.
00:58Now ash aside, there's also acid rain to worry about.
01:03Volcanic gases like hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide would mix with the atmosphere
01:08and fall back down as acid rain.
01:10This type of weather would harm the groundwater and ocean surfaces.
01:14Even if humans would find a way to survive up to this point, we'd have no corals and
01:19no other sea creatures around.
01:22Scientists have seen similar events in Earth's history, at a smaller scale.
01:26Big volcanic eruptions have been linked to mass extinctions.
01:29When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, it cooled parts of the world for two years.
01:35But the extra carbon dioxide from these eruptions could also heat the planet, the same way we
01:41turn our stoves to broil for that extra crispy layer on our casserole.
01:48Geologists also mention that there's evidence in our atmosphere that stuff like this may
01:53have happened in the distant past.
01:55During the Cretaceous period, carbon dioxide levels were way higher than today, which made
02:00it difficult for marine life to thrive.
02:03Who would survive all this?
02:05Probably just some extremophiles, these organisms that survive in harsh conditions like hot
02:10springs or deep undersea vents.
02:13As for humans, we could all lay low in underground bunkers until things clear up.
02:18Or build multiple space stations that could fit us all.
02:21Yeah, right.
02:24The chances of all volcanoes erupting at once, though, are very slim.
02:28That's because there isn't one giant source supplying all the volcanoes on Earth.
02:33Each one of these openings has its own deposit of magma, except for a few cases where they
02:38indeed share the supply.
02:40For example, in 1912, Nova Rupta in Alaska erupted alongside another volcano, sharing
02:47magma.
02:48Scientists have also found evidence of magma hiding under volcanic areas, like under the
02:53Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand.
02:56This magma can spread out horizontally for long distances, but it's still just a local
03:00feature.
03:01Even if we consider all the magma under Taupo as one system, it's not connected to other
03:07volcanic areas like Indonesia or the Philippines.
03:10Because the great majority are isolated, volcanoes can't sink up to erupt at once.
03:16The magma comes from different processes, like mantle decompression or adding water
03:20to the mantle through subduction.
03:22There's no way to make all these different volcanoes erupt together because of how tectonics
03:27work.
03:28Now, that doesn't mean we won't see interesting volcano activity in the future.
03:35Take an underwater area near British Columbia where, recently, about 200 small earthquakes
03:40per hour have been noted.
03:43Deep beneath the Pacific Ocean floor, off the coast of Vancouver Island, magma is set
03:48to erupt, heating the water so much that it'll bubble like soda.
03:52However, this event will likely go unnoticed by anyone other than scientists.
03:57The anticipated eruption will most likely happen around 3 miles below the ocean surface.
04:03Scientists explain that the earthquakes range from negative to 4.1 magnitude, meaning only
04:09those nearby would feel any tremors.
04:12This unusual activity gives us a rare opportunity to study how the Earth's crust forms.
04:18The magma beneath the ocean floor is estimated to be almost 1,500°F, but will cool rapidly
04:24upon eruption and contact with water.
04:27This runny rock will solidify upon contact with the seafloor, turning black quickly.
04:33This event will be useful for a biologist too, who will have the opportunity to study
04:37the marine animal's response to any changes.
04:40Like run!
04:43Antarctica, often seen as a vast icy continent, also holds a volcanic surprise beneath its
04:49frozen surface.
04:51Researchers have identified over 130 under the western ice sheet alone, making it the
04:56largest volcanic region on Earth.
04:59Most of these volcanoes, about 90, were only recently discovered in 2017.
05:05But could any of these Antarctic volcanoes actually erupt?
05:09Well, it depends on which volcano we're talking about.
05:13While these formations are relatively young in geologic terms, it's hard for scientists
05:18to tell if they're still active or not.
05:20There are only two confirmed active volcanoes in Antarctica – Deception Island and Mount
05:25Erebus.
05:26The latter, standing tall as the highest peak on the continent, has been continuously erupting
05:31since at least 1972.
05:33It's known for emitting gas and steam, and sometimes even throwing out rocks in what
05:38are called Strombolian eruptions.
05:41One of its most notable features is a persistent lava lake in its crater, a rare phenomenon
05:47due to specific conditions needed to keep the surface molten.
05:51For instance, it's fueled by a steady supply of magma from deep within the Earth's mantle.
05:56This continuous inflow of molten rock provides the material for the lava lake to exist.
06:02It also features low ambient temperatures.
06:05Despite its location in Antarctica, Erebus has relatively mild temperatures in its summit
06:10region because of the heat generated by the volcanic activity.
06:14This allows the lava lake to remain liquid rather than freezing over.
06:19Deception Island, another active volcano, last erupted in the 70s.
06:24While it's currently not showing signs of imminent eruption, it's being monitored
06:28closely for any concerning activity.
06:31Apart from these two being confirmed to be active, Antarctica is dotted with fumaroles,
06:36openings in the Earth's crust that release gases and vapors.
06:40Sometimes these fumaroles can create icy towers reaching heights of 10 feet.
06:48What we should focus on is maybe supervolcanoes.
06:51They're this type that has the potential to produce the most massive and destructive
06:56eruptions.
06:57Unlike the typical one, which has a single vent, supervolcanoes have a vast magma chamber
07:02beneath the surface, spanning tens or even hundreds of miles in diameter.
07:06Their eruptions can have catastrophic effects on the surrounding area and even impact global
07:12climate patterns because of the amounts of ash and gases they spill out into the atmosphere.
07:18One famous supervolcano is the Yellowstone one, which some say is gearing up for another
07:23eruption.
07:24It has the capacity to unleash a colossal eruption, spewing over 240 cubic miles of
07:30material.
07:31As much as we'd like to predict its behavior, volcanoes don't stick to a calendar.
07:37On the contrary, eruptions simply happen when there's enough magma beneath the surface.
07:42There also needs to be enough pressure for the magma to travel upwards.
07:46As far as we can measure, these conditions are not currently met at Yellowstone.
07:51Sure, many volcanoes operate on a cyclical pattern, but that doesn't mean Yellowstone
07:56is overdue.
07:57In fact, Yellowstone has had just three major eruptions over the past 2.1 million years.
08:05Also, the term supervolcano refers to the formation's size, not necessarily how fussy
08:12it is.
08:13Yellowstone's monitoring is extensive, tracking seismicity, ground deformation, thermal emissions,
08:19gas, water chemistry, and surface changes.
08:23Signs of an eruption would include thousands of earthquakes over a short period.
08:27We'd also see deformation on the ground and weird gas emissions ahead of time.
08:32Stable, as it might look like for now, the consequences of it having a major eruption
08:36could look ugly.
08:38Ash dispersion could blanket a 500-mile radius, potentially disrupting Midwest agriculture
08:44and clogging waterways.
08:46Ash and gas emissions into the stratosphere could induce global climatic effects, making
08:51our planet colder for several years.
08:54And yes, we've seen some research that it shows there's more liquid molten rock under
08:58the Yellowstone volcano than scientists believe.
09:01But that doesn't translate to imminent danger.
09:08That's it for today!
09:09So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your
09:13friends!
09:14And if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!