What Happens When You Run into a Black Hole + Other Incredible Facts!

Bright Side

Dive into the mysteries of the cosmos with our latest video, tackling the intriguing question: "What Happens When You Run into a Black Hole?" Discover mind-blowing facts about these cosmic giants and other awe-inspiring phenomena. Join us for an engaging exploration of the universe's most enigmatic secrets! #BlackHole   #brightside   Animation is created by Bright Side.  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/   Listen to Bright Side on:  Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/idhttps-podcasts-apple-com-podcast-bright-side/id1554898078 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/brightside/ Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official/ Tik Tok - https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en Snapchat - https://www.snapchat.com/p/c6a1e38a-bff1-4a40-9731-2c8234ccb19f/1866144599336960  Stock materials (photos, footages and other):  https://www.depositphotos.com  https://www.shutterstock.com  https://www.eastnews.ru  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me

Transcript

00:00Dark, ever-hungry monsters live all across the Universe.

00:06They're born when massive stars blast into space.

00:10Black holes, as heavy as Earth, are just as large as a ping-pong ball.

00:15They don't have a surface, but their gravity is so strong even light can't escape it.

00:21Black holes don't have physical boundaries like a membrane either.

00:25The event horizon, which is closest to a typical boundary, is a threshold which, after

00:30passing, you can't get out.

00:33For a star, running into a black hole normally ends in a spectacular light show and its destruction.

00:40Just one star that astronomers know of managed to survive an encounter with a black hole

00:46as heavy as 400,000 suns.

00:49It happened in a galaxy about 250 million light-years away from Earth.

00:55Astronomers with really powerful equipment noticed bursts of X-rays that raged in space

01:00every 9 hours.

01:03They thought they must be mayday signals from a star trapped by a cosmic abyss.

01:09The star was an average red giant when it met its new friend for the first time.

01:14When they got too close to each other, the hungry space monster couldn't resist the

01:19temptation and snacked on its guest.

01:22When it was done with the star's outer hydrogen layers, all that was left was the star's

01:28core.

01:29Eventually, the poor thing turned into a white dwarf.

01:33But for some reason, the giant space monster couldn't finish the meal and trapped it

01:37in its orbit for later instead.

01:41Ever since, the now-white dwarf has been traveling in 9-hour laps.

01:46It stays far enough from the hole so it won't fall in or get swallowed.

01:51Its journey isn't going super smoothly.

01:54Because of gravity, the orbital path is constantly rotating.

01:58After 2 days, it resembles a spirograph pattern.

02:03As the black hole keeps snacking on it, the star keeps losing its mass and growing in

02:08size.

02:09Its own orbit is becoming more and more circular.

02:13Astronomers believe one day it will be able to spiral away from its mean friend and turn

02:19into a planet the size of Jupiter in a trillion years.

02:23That's 70 times longer than the Universe has existed so far, so it might not ever happen.

02:30The Milky Way alone has hundreds of millions of black holes, and there are way more beyond

02:36it.

02:37They might feed on other stars and release them in other galaxies.

02:41The telescopes that exist now might not be strong enough to spot them.

02:46Most galaxies, including our Milky Way, have supermassive black holes at the center.

02:52They can be billions of times heavier than the Sun.

02:56Others of their kind are only 3 times the mass of the Sun.

02:59The nearest black hole to the Earth was spotted 1,000 light-years away, just around the corner

03:05in galactic terms.

03:08It's in a star system you can see with an unaided eye.

03:12Scientists found it when they noticed a star behaving weirdly.

03:15It was a giant, rotating like crazy.

03:18They guessed it must have a powerful gravitational companion.

03:23The hungriest black hole astronomers have spotted so far weighs as much as 34 billion

03:29suns and is about 6 times bigger than the one at the center of the Milky Way.

03:35It eats the equivalent of one sun every day.

03:39Sometimes, black holes even devour others of their kind that happen to be too close

03:44to them.

03:46Before you get on a spaceship to escape to some safe no-black-hole galaxy, here's some

03:51good news.

03:52Even though they're supermassive, they don't have a radius large enough to destroy Earth.

03:58And even the hungriest of them are safe to watch from a distance.

04:03No black hole should come closer to our planet than the Sun for as long as the Universe has

04:08existed multiplied by 10 billion times.

04:13In the unlikely case one of these scary things passes by Neptune, it could affect the Earth's

04:18orbit.

04:19That would be no good.

04:22In theory, anything can turn into a black hole.

04:26The only difference between it and the Sun is the material their centers are made of.

04:31It's incredibly dense in those huge space monsters.

04:35In reality, there's just one known way to make a black hole.

04:39It has to be the gravitational collapse of a supermassive star 20 to 30 times the mass

04:45of the Sun.

04:47So the Sun will never ever become a black hole.

04:50If it happened, though, and the former star retained its mass, it would still have the

04:55same gravitational power.

04:57Earth would still keep going around it and wouldn't get pulled in.

05:01Its orbit would also remain as it is.

05:04The only huge problem would be the lack of sunlight.

05:08In reality, the Sun isn't massive enough for such a transformation and will eventually

05:14become a white dwarf.

05:16A black hole won't ever eat an entire galaxy for lunch.

05:20There are about 400 billion stars inside the Milky Way.

05:25Just around 0.1% of all the stars that will ever form will end up becoming black holes.

05:33The ever-hungry supermassive monster, located right in the middle of a galaxy, has an impressive

05:38gravitational reach.

05:40But even that wouldn't be enough.

05:42It has already eaten most of the stars that were close to it.

05:46It already weighs like a few million Suns, so it can't grow much larger even if it keeps

05:51snacking on Sun-like stars.

05:56Galaxies will keep bumping into each other, and black holes will keep growing and merging.

06:01But because the Universe is already huge and keeps expanding, these collisions and mergers

06:07won't go on forever.

06:09Black holes will travel this huge space like rogue stars.

06:13They won't even be able to eat the dark matter on the outskirts of galaxies.

06:18Eventually, all the black holes will perish, but that would be a long, long time from now.

06:25If you ever become a space explorer and travel far enough to meet a black hole and fall into

06:31one, your life won't instantly end.

06:34Instead, things will be way more complicated.

06:38The way you perceive space and time will change, and your reality will split in two.

06:43In one of them, you'd cease existing.

06:46In the other, you'd live and enter the hole unharmed.

06:51When you go deeper inside the hole, you'll notice space becoming curvier and curvier.

06:57At the center of the hole, it's infinitely curved.

07:01It's called singularity.

07:03Laws of physics based on the ideas of space and time don't have power here.

07:09In a large enough hole, millions of times more massive than the Sun, things would go

07:13perfectly smoothly for you.

07:17And you'd just keep free-falling, feeling no gravity.

07:20You could just keep falling and falling in total emptiness until you reach singularity.

07:26You'd have no chance to move in the opposite direction.

07:30In there, space and time switch roles.

07:33Time is constantly pulling you forward on Earth, but figuratively, and it would be doing

07:39that quite physically inside the hole.

07:42In a smaller hole, the force of gravity would be stronger at your feet than your head.

07:48That's why you would go through spaghettification.

07:52This is how scientists call the process when you compress horizontally and stretch vertically

07:57like spaghetti because of crazy gravity of the black hole.

08:03Speaking of spaghetti, how are black holes like an Italian dinner?

08:07Because once you go pasta the event horizon, you get spaghettified.

08:12And since you're all by yourself, you'd be feeling cannelloni right now.

08:16Wow, now I'm hungry.

08:19Meanwhile, if you had a fellow space traveler who, for some reason, didn't end up in the

08:24black hole, it would look all different to them.

08:27They'd see you stretch and grow, like through a huge magnifying glass.

08:32The closer you'd get to the edge of the hole, the more it would seem like you're

08:36moving in slow motion.

08:38Then you'd freeze, and the flames would surround you.

08:41You'd be in two places at the same time, living different destinies.

08:46But there would still be just one copy of you.

08:49This is how black holes teach us nothing is real.

08:52Reality can be different to different people.

08:57Scientists believe that we're all living inside a huge black hole.

09:01Everything in the universe started with the Big Bang.

09:04But there's a theory saying there was also something before that.

09:09It was a super-dense seed that had all the mass and energy of the universe concentrated

09:14in it, about as heavy as a billion suns.

09:18It was a trillion times smaller than any particle humans can observe.

09:23This seed could be born inside a black hole.

09:28If you believe there's more than one universe, black holes could also serve as doors between

09:33those universes.

09:35It could be like a roof that two trees share.

09:39You can't see a black hole directly because it doesn't give off any light.

09:44Scientists used to be able to only spot them by what they were doing to their surroundings.

09:50When over 200 scientists around the world worked together, they managed to take the

09:55first pictures of that space oddity.

09:58The equipment they used, added together, would be the power of a telescope the size of Earth.

10:06Imagine a place where a single day lasts longer than a whole year.

10:10On Venus, a day, meaning one full spin on its axis, is as long as 243 Earth days.

10:17And what's even weirder, despite the fact that Venus is experiencing a never-ending

10:21day, it has a shorter year than Earth.

10:24While Earth takes about 365 days to complete one orbit around the Sun, Venus does it in

10:30just 225 days.

10:32So somehow, for Venus, a day is more epic than a whole year.

10:38Venus is a strange planet in general.

10:40It's called Earth's twin because of how alike we are, although it's a bit smaller

10:44than Earth.

10:45But there are some drastic differences too.

10:48For example, it spins in the opposite direction, which means the Sun there rises in the west

10:54and sets in the east.

10:55And Venus isn't the only one who dances to its own rhythm.

10:58Uranus does that too.

11:00And finally, Venus is quite crazy in terms of its atmosphere.

11:04When you stand on Earth, you don't really feel the weight of the air around you.

11:09While on Venus, that feeling would be like having an elephant sitting on your shoulders.

11:13Venus has 90 times the atmospheric pressure of Earth.

11:17The atmosphere there is a thick layer of toxic gases.

11:20For example, carbon dioxide that's released by all the volcanoes.

11:25It presses down with incredible force.

11:27This results in very hot temperatures.

11:30No wonder it'll take a long time before we'll be able to stand on this planet.

11:35Meanwhile, Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has an even more speedy orbit than

11:40Venus.

11:41It completes a full journey around the Sun in just about 88 Earth days.

11:46However, it has a slow spin on its axis, which means that one day on Mercury takes about

11:52176 Earth days.

11:54Basically, half a year.

11:56Just like with Venus, a day there takes much longer than a year.

12:00Since it's closest to the Sun, no wonder Mercury experiences some super-extreme temperature

12:05swings.

12:07Daytime temperatures can soar up to a scorching 800°F – hot enough to melt lead.

12:12But wait for the sunset.

12:14At night, it drops to freezing minus 290°F. That's because Mercury doesn't have a

12:21thick atmosphere like we do, so the heat doesn't distribute across the planet evenly.

12:26If one side is in the dark, it'll be super-cold, and the other side will be scorching hot,

12:31just like if you let a regular big rock lie down under the Sun for a while.

12:36In fact, it's so cold that there might even be some ice on it.

12:40Look at the planet's north polar region, especially those sunlit yellow spots inside

12:45craters.

12:46These are indications of water ice.

12:48Turns out, water is much more common in space than we thought.

12:53Mars is often dubbed the Red Planet.

12:55It earns this nickname from the abundance of iron oxide, or rust, covering its surface.

13:01The iron-rich minerals create a rusty red hue that paints the Martian landscape.

13:06But it turns out, Mars isn't just red.

13:09If you were standing on Mars, you'd witness desert-like butterscotch terrain with caramel

13:14and golden glows, some brown, and even a glimpse of a slight greenish hue.

13:20Mars also has the biggest mountain in the entire Solar System, Olympus Mons, standing

13:26at a staggering height of about 13.6 miles tall.

13:30It's even taller than Mount Everest.

13:32It was formed by the volcanic eruption yielding low-viscosity lava, creating a shield-like

13:38structure.

13:39Since Mars is covered in sand, it's also famous for its crazy dust storms.

13:44But it turns out, they're even more insane than we thought.

13:47These storms can last for months.

13:50While they might present challenges for future human missions, they also contribute to the

13:55planet's mesmerizing appearance when observed from afar.

13:58And not only storms, but even its own Mars quakes.

14:02Also known as seismic tremors, they were first detected by NASA in 2019.

14:07Unlike earthquakes, that are often triggered by tectonic plate movements, Martian quakes

14:12are thought to result from the cooling and contracting of the planet's interior.

14:16It's interesting how similar, yet how different the planets are.

14:21Saturn's iconic rings might hold a secret link to Earth's ancient past.

14:26The rings are composed mainly of ice particles and debris and are estimated to be relatively

14:31young in space terms, perhaps just a few hundred million years old.

14:35Now, there are some theories that propose that they were born after some catastrophic

14:40event.

14:41For example, the collision of two large moons or the breakup of a comet.

14:45What's interesting is that this timeline coincides with the age of the dinosaur's

14:50demise on Earth.

14:51Could there be a connection?

14:53Who knows?

14:55By the way, while Saturn takes the crown for its rings, it's not the only planet in our

14:59solar system sporting them.

15:01Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune all have their own set of rings, although they might not

15:07be as visible and cool as Saturn's.

15:10However, there's something where Saturn truly stands out – the magnificent hexagon

15:15at its north pole.

15:16It's a colossal six-sided figure.

15:19Each side of this incredible structure measures around 9,000 miles long, which is 1,200 miles

15:25longer than the Earth's diameter.

15:27Scientists aren't sure how it was formed or why.

15:30They think it might be due to varying wind speeds.

15:33Or maybe it's shaped by a localized, slow, meandering jet stream.

15:38So far, it remains another of Saturn's mysteries.

15:42Our Sun is an average-sized star, and still, it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.

15:49The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.

15:54NASA has translated radio waves created by planets' atmospheres into audible sounds.

16:00That's how astronomers found out that Neptune sounds like ocean waves, Jupiter like being

16:06underwater, and Saturn's voice resembles background music to a horror movie.

16:12Here on Earth, it's bebop jazz.

16:15Now I made that up.

16:17The Sun's surface is scorching hot, but a bolt of lightning is 5 times hotter.

16:24Earth gets struck by 100 lightning bolts every second, which results in 8 million lightning

16:29strikes a day and around 3 billion a year.

16:34Shocking!

16:35If you manage to go to the Moon one day and see fresh footprints, that doesn't mean

16:40there's someone else there with you.

16:43Footprints or similar marks can last for a million years over there.

16:47Because the Moon doesn't have an atmosphere.

16:50There are no winds, not even a breeze, that can slowly erase those footprints.

16:56Astronomers have found the largest hole we've ever seen in the Universe.

17:00It's the giant void that spreads a billion light-years across.

17:05They found it accidentally.

17:06One of the research team members was a little bored and wanted to check how things are going

17:11in the direction of the cold spot.

17:14That's an anomaly in the Cosmic Microwave Background Map, or CMB for short.

17:19It's a faint glow of light that falls on our planet from different directions and fills

17:23the Universe.

17:25It's been streaming through space for almost 14 billion years as the afterglow that occurred

17:30after the Big Bang.

17:33So you fall right into the heart of the black hole and prepare for a sad end.

17:38Well, you don't have to.

17:40Falling into a black hole won't necessarily destroy you or your spaceship.

17:45You have to choose a bigger black hole to survive.

17:49If you fall into a small black hole, its event horizon is too narrow, and the gravity increases

17:54every inch down.

17:56So if you extend your arm forward, the gravity on your fingers is much stronger than on your

18:01elbow.

18:02This will make your hand lengthen, and you'll feel some discomfort.

18:06Rather significant, to be honest.

18:09Things change if you fall into a supermassive black hole, like the ones in the center of

18:13galaxies.

18:14They can be millions of times heavier than the Sun.

18:17Their event horizon is wide, and the gravity doesn't change as quickly.

18:21So the force you'll feel at your heels and at the top of your head will be about the

18:26same, and you can go all the way to the heart of the black hole.

18:30This myth is busted.

18:33If you watch a very touching movie in space and start crying, your tears won't run down.

18:39They will gather around the eyeballs.

18:42Your eyes will get too dry, so you'll feel like they're burning.

18:46Any exposed liquid on your body will vaporize, including the surfaces of your tongue.

18:52Speaking of burning, that's one thing fire can't do in space.

18:55Fire can spread when there's a flow of oxygen, and since there's not any in space, well…

19:03Once they explode, stars aren't supposed to come back to life.

19:07But some of the stars somehow have survived the great supernova explosion.

19:12Such zombie stars are pretty rare.

19:15Scientists found a really big one, called LP40365.

19:19It's a partially burnt white dwarf.

19:22A white dwarf is a star that burned up all of the hydrogen, and that hydrogen was previously

19:27its nuclear fuel.

19:30In this case, the final explosion was maybe weaker than it usually is, not powerful enough

19:35to destroy the entire star.

19:38It's like a star wanted to explode but didn't make it, which is why part of the matter still survived.

19:45If you ever go into space, don't take off your spacesuit unless you're on a spaceship.

19:50The air in your lungs would expand, as well as the oxygen in the rest of your body.

19:55You'd be like a balloon, twice your regular size.

19:59Good news, the skin is elastic enough to hold you together, which means you wouldn't explode.

20:04Small comfort.

20:06When something goes into a black hole, it changes shape and gets stretched out just

20:11like spaghetti.

20:12This happens because gravitational force is trying to stretch an object in one direction,

20:17and at the same time, squeeze it into another, like a pasta paradox.

20:22Speaking of, a black hole that's as big as a single atom has the mass of a really big

20:28mountain.

20:30There's one at the center of the Milky Way called Sagittarius A. It has a mass like for

20:35a billion suns, but luckily, it's far away from us.

20:41If you made a big boom on an asteroid, you'd never be able to hear its loud sound.

20:46Yes, we often hear the sound of spaceships and battles in space in the movies, but that's

20:51just a myth.

20:53Sound is a wave that spreads because of the vibrations of molecules.

20:58A person claps a few feet away from you, the sound wave begins to push the first air molecule

21:03next to the clap, then the second, third, and so on, until the wave reaches your ear.

21:09So to spread sound, we need molecules, like air or water.

21:13In our atmosphere, sound waves spread out just fine, but space is a vacuum, so it's

21:19nothing here.

21:20You can clap your hands loudly there, but there just won't be any molecules that can

21:24vibrate and carry that sound.

21:26So to carry on a conversation, you'd either need a radio or really good lip-reading skills.

21:33That's it for today!

21:34So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your

21:38friends!

21:39Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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