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Transcript
00:00:00Meet Arthur John Priest.
00:00:02No, he isn't famous for being a painter or for discovering some long-lost treasure.
00:00:07He didn't invent some cool gadget or break any world records.
00:00:11No, Arthur John Priest is famous simply for being unsinkable.
00:00:16Proving one can be both lucky and unlucky at the same time,
00:00:20Priest was involved in, and survived, several mishaps at sea,
00:00:24including the fateful maiden voyage of the Titanic.
00:00:27Priest was not a rich man interested in sailing for pleasure.
00:00:31He was part of the working class, employed as a stoker or fireman,
00:00:35stuck for hours within the hot bowels of large steam-powered vessels.
00:00:40His job was dirty and difficult.
00:00:42He was responsible for keeping the furnaces lit,
00:00:45feeding them coal to ensure enough steam was produced for the engines to work.
00:00:49He had to be careful about not overheating the system or setting fire to the whole ship.
00:00:55The furnaces had to be carefully watched and constantly fed.
00:00:58He breathed it all in a while, working and fighting with the sweat and the dirt.
00:01:03He would often work shirtless because of the heat and was always covered in black coal dust.
00:01:08And when he finally had a break, his shared living quarters were nearby in the same part of the ship.
00:01:15He must have been good at his job, though, because he had no trouble finding work.
00:01:19But wherever he went, bad luck seemed to follow.
00:01:23The first incident was a mild one.
00:01:25As a young man, Priest worked on the RMS Asturias.
00:01:29The passenger liner first set sail in 1907,
00:01:32traveling between Southampton in the UK to Buenos Aires in Argentina.
00:01:37At some point during its maiden voyage, the ship suffered a small collision.
00:01:42The damage was bad enough that the ship returned for repairs.
00:01:45Thankfully, there were no reports of any serious injuries.
00:01:49Priest, unfazed, simply went to work on another ship.
00:01:53But his bad luck lingered on the Asturias.
00:01:56In 1914, the Asturias became a hospital ship,
00:01:59helping care for sick men and women around Europe while bringing them home to England.
00:02:04But in March 1917, at just around midnight, the ship was struck by a foreign object.
00:02:10Its hull was breached and the engine room flooded.
00:02:13The captain ordered everyone to abandon the ship,
00:02:16sending crew, patients, and health staff scrambling for the lifeboats.
00:02:21The vessel was still moving, powering through the water,
00:02:23because the main controls, located within the flooded engine room, could not be turned off.
00:02:29The captain refused to leave the ship while people were still trying to escape.
00:02:33He was able to aim the Asturias towards Bolthead,
00:02:36where it finally hit land and couldn't sink.
00:02:39The remaining lifeboats were lowered and the final survivors made it to safety.
00:02:44When they studied the damage on the ship later,
00:02:46the Asturias was declared a total write-off.
00:02:50It might be hard to pin this particular disaster on Priest.
00:02:53After all, he wasn't even on the ship at the time.
00:02:56But it seemed that many of the ships on which he served were destined for trouble.
00:03:01His bad luck followed him to his next job on the RMS Olympic, a massive ocean liner.
00:03:07The Olympic was big.
00:03:09In fact, it had been designed and built as part of the fleet that included the Titanic.
00:03:14But with size came sacrifice.
00:03:16The Olympic was great at moving in one direction,
00:03:19but very difficult to handle when it needed to turn.
00:03:22It was September 1911.
00:03:25The Olympic was trying to alter its course.
00:03:27The Hawk, a smaller ship sailing nearby, didn't give the larger vessel enough room to maneuver,
00:03:33and the two slammed into each other.
00:03:35Because the Hawk was engineered to deal with potential confrontations when out at sea,
00:03:40its reinforced bow tore through the Olympic.
00:03:44Two large gashes appeared on the ocean liner's side.
00:03:47The propeller shaft was badly twisted, and worse, the ship began to take on water.
00:03:53Somehow, the Olympic made it to shore without sinking, and nobody was seriously hurt.
00:03:59Priest had no idea that this was just a small taste of what his future held for him.
00:04:04He next found employment on a brand new ship, a better ship,
00:04:08an unsinkable marvel that was said to be the biggest vessel to have ever been built.
00:04:13Yes, he was going to work on the Titanic.
00:04:16And what a job!
00:04:17It took 29 boilers, requiring 850 tons of coal a day, to produce enough steam to power the Titanic.
00:04:25Priest was just one of 150 stokers toiling away in the ship's underbelly,
00:04:29keeping those fires burning day and night.
00:04:32He made around $30 a month.
00:04:35But on April 14, 1912, he would find himself flung from a world of extreme heat to one of blistering cold.
00:04:43At approximately 11.35 p.m., the crew spotted an iceberg.
00:04:48The Titanic tried to avoid it, but the alarm had been sounded too late.
00:04:52Five minutes later, the two collided.
00:04:55The iceberg tore through the hull, and the once watertight compartments inside were badly ruptured.
00:05:01As the cold Atlantic water flooded in, the ship began to sink.
00:05:05Distress signals were sent, but the closest ship, the Carpathia, was over three hours away.
00:05:11In the dark of night, and stuck in the middle of nowhere, the crew and passengers panicked.
00:05:17Those who could scrambled for the lifeboats.
00:05:19Others jumped into the icy waters.
00:05:22In total, only 706 survived that terrible night.
00:05:26Priest, at the time of the collision, was down in the ship's lower quarters.
00:05:31He was on break, relaxing from a hard day of work.
00:05:34And as the ship went down, so did his chances of survival.
00:05:38He and his fellow workers were in the most dangerous position on the ship.
00:05:42They had to make their way through a maze of corridors and gangways,
00:05:46some of which were flooded, in a mad dash to the deck.
00:05:49And then, they faced the frigid water, jumping in and desperately swimming to safety.
00:05:55The ocean was so cold that Priest even suffered frostbite before finding his way onto a lifeboat.
00:06:01He was one of only 44 stokers to survive that night.
00:06:05After an experience like that, most of us would never set foot on a boat again.
00:06:10But, Priest had to work.
00:06:12His next job also ended in disaster.
00:06:15He was offered employment on the HMS Alcantara.
00:06:19It went down in 1916, and Priest was again one of the few to make it to safety.
00:06:24He was badly wounded in the process.
00:06:27But he kept pressing his luck, and his next job as a stoker may have felt eerily familiar.
00:06:33He would be working on a ship built by the same people behind both the Olympic and the Titanic.
00:06:38And this ship, named the Britannic, was the biggest of the three.
00:06:43It was also believed to be a superior vessel, fitted with new safety features after the Titanic sank.
00:06:49For example, it had 48 open lifeboats, 46 of which were the largest ever used on a ship before.
00:06:56Two of these were even motorized and equipped with special communication devices.
00:07:01The good news? The Britannic survived its first trip without incident.
00:07:05It was already doing better than the Titanic ever did.
00:07:08However, on November 21st, 1916, the Britannic was shaken by a loud explosion
00:07:14while traveling through the key channel in the Aegean Sea.
00:07:17The hull was damaged, and some of the compartments began to fill with water.
00:07:21But, unlike the Titanic, the Britannic had been designed for just such an emergency.
00:07:27It had been fitted with five watertight bulkheads.
00:07:30Intact, these would help keep the ship safe and floating for a much longer period of time.
00:07:35But there was one issue.
00:07:37Portholes along the lower decks had foolishly been left open.
00:07:41As the ship tilted, the portholes let in water, which flooded the Britannic and hastened its descent into the sea.
00:07:48This effectively made those watertight bulkheads useless.
00:07:52The ship was going down fast. Much faster, in fact, than the Titanic had sunk.
00:07:5835 of the lifeboats were successfully launched, saving most on board.
00:08:02Of the 1,066 passengers and crew, 1,036 survived.
00:08:07Priest, his luck intact, was one of them.
00:08:11And yet, he still wasn't done with a life at sea.
00:08:14He accepted a position as a stoker on the Donegal.
00:08:18It was a smaller passenger ferry that had been converted for use as a hospital boat.
00:08:23In April 1917, it was struck by a foreign object while fleeing an unsafe situation.
00:08:29And though he suffered from a head injury, Priest was again one of the survivors.
00:08:34It took experiencing two collisions and four sinkings before Priest was finally ready to retire.
00:08:40In fact, he reportedly said he only gave it up because no one wanted to sail with him.
00:08:45Can you blame them?
00:08:46He would live out the rest of his life on dry land in Southampton, England,
00:08:50with his wife Annie and their three sons.
00:08:53But Arthur John Priest would always be remembered as the unsinkable stoker.
00:08:58Titanic sank on April 14, 1912.
00:09:02And all of the passengers' belongings and ship's paraphernalia went down into the deep, dark waters with it.
00:09:09These objects patiently waited to be discovered until 1985.
00:09:14The Titanic sank fast, and there seemed to be almost nothing left from the ship.
00:09:19Yet divers and small submarines managed to retrieve plenty of artifacts from the wreckage.
00:09:24If you wonder what those surprising items look like, join me!
00:09:29A number of museums have collections of Titanic items rescued by divers or donated by survivors and their relatives.
00:09:36And some of those items are even sold at auction.
00:09:39So if you're ready to spend a pretty penny on an exclusive artifact, why not?
00:09:45The first artifact on my list is a pocket watch belonging to a Titanic passenger, John Chapman.
00:09:52John and his wife Elizabeth were on their honeymoon.
00:09:55When the ship hit the iceberg, Elizabeth was offered a seat on a lifeboat next to her friend Emily Richards.
00:10:02There was a problem, though. Mr. Chapman couldn't enter the lifeboat.
00:10:06Elizabeth turned to her friend Emily and said,
00:10:08Farewell. If John can't go, I won't go either.
00:10:12Now, that's what I call true love.
00:10:15After a short time, the ship went under.
00:10:17If we step back and return to Chapman's pocket watch, we'll notice one more heartbreaking detail.
00:10:23Experts believe the watch stopped around the time the ship finally submerged.
00:10:29Do you remember the iconic scene in the Titanic movie, where the ship's band continued to play while the ship was sinking?
00:10:37The violin, played by the real musician, was sold in an auction for $1.7 million in 2013.
00:10:44They say the band played Nearer, My God to Thee as the ocean liner sang.
00:10:49Since we started talking about the band, we might as well shed light on a piece of music found on the ship.
00:10:55It was the song, Put Your Arms Around Me, Honey.
00:10:58Considering the fact that paper gets ruined almost instantly when it meets with water, it's a miracle to see those documents.
00:11:05Another saved paper document is the lunch menu.
00:11:09The first-class passengers wore their beautiful dresses and enjoyed their meals without knowing that it was their last lunch.
00:11:16This unique item was auctioned for $122,000.
00:11:20Meals were offered based on class.
00:11:23For instance, a first-class passenger would eat roasted turkey with cranberry sauce, spring lamb, or baked haddock.
00:11:30In comparison, a third-class lunch consists of stuff like rice soup, fresh bread, roast beef, and brown gravy.
00:11:38There were also cabin biscuits, which the passengers would eat to diminish seasickness.
00:11:43It wasn't just the menu. A VIP ticket was also retrieved.
00:11:47The ticket number is still readable – 1342.
00:11:53Number 5 is Edwardian perfume samples.
00:11:56A chemist named Adolf Saalfeld stepped onto the Titanic with various perfume bottle samples.
00:12:02Why did he bring these samples with him?
00:12:04Well, Saalfeld planned to open a fragrance store in America.
00:12:0861 vials of perfume sank with the ship.
00:12:11Luckily, their owner managed to survive and get there safely.
00:12:15But his samples sank and were only rediscovered some time ago by the divers.
00:12:20When we accidentally drop a plate, it usually shatters into pieces.
00:12:24Now, there's a question.
00:12:26Do you think an unbroken plate can be recovered from Titanic?
00:12:29The answer is yes.
00:12:31Original White Star tableware is proof.
00:12:34Apparently, each class of passengers didn't just get different meals, but was also served with different types of plates.
00:12:42The retrieve plates have a green and brown floral motif.
00:12:45The edges have a gold rim, and there's a logo in the center.
00:12:49By the way, they're sold at auction, and you can find them online.
00:12:54Let's carry on with touching personal stories.
00:12:57The love story of Rose and Jack that we see in the movie is fictional.
00:13:01But the ship surely witnessed many romantic tales.
00:13:05Here's a love letter to prove this.
00:13:07The messages tell us a story about how life was on the ship during the last few days.
00:13:12It was written by Kate Buzz on April 10th.
00:13:15She mentioned how seasick she felt and other things, such as she was supposed to go to dinner in half an hour.
00:13:22This letter wasn't the only letter divers took to the surface.
00:13:26For example, there's the letter Esther Hart wrote to her little daughter, Ava.
00:13:30It was sold at auction for £119,000.
00:13:34This letter is probably the last letter written on board since it was completed only 8 hours before the tragedy.
00:13:41The letter is not that damaged because it was in the pocket of Esther's husband's coat.
00:13:46Another letter we can mention is Dr. John Simpson's letter.
00:13:50Those words were the last words that he wrote to his mother.
00:13:54Let me introduce you to Edith Rosenbaum.
00:13:57She was on the ship with her lucky toy pig.
00:14:00Edith had been severely injured in an accident before she sailed on the big ship.
00:14:04The toy was a present from her mother as moral support for her recuperation process.
00:14:10It was actually a music box in the shape of a pig.
00:14:14Edith used it to calm frightened young people in the same lifeboat.
00:14:19The next item on the list is the scout whistle of Lillian Winifred Bentham.
00:14:24She was a second-class passenger.
00:14:26On that terrible night, Lillian was in her stateroom.
00:14:30She didn't believe that the Titanic could sink.
00:14:32After all, it was the unsinkable ship.
00:14:35Her friend came to her and convinced her to hop into a lifeboat.
00:14:39Only then did she realize how serious the situation was.
00:14:43Moments later, she saw the ship break into two parts.
00:14:47As the lifeboat floated into the night, Lillian saw a crewman who was also rescued.
00:14:53Without a second thought, she wrapped the man with her fur coat.
00:14:56It was freezing, so she probably saved the man's life by doing that.
00:15:01The young man wanted to thank her for her kindness, so he gave Lillian a scout whistle.
00:15:06It was the whistle he used throughout the night to call for help.
00:15:10This pair of white gloves is one of the rarest artifacts recovered from Titanic.
00:15:15These cotton gloves belong to a gentleman.
00:15:18The owner's identity is unknown.
00:15:20Fabric can't last underwater for decades.
00:15:23But these gloves look fine, and you can still see the fine detailing and elegance.
00:15:29An alarm bell has also been found.
00:15:31Yes, that's THE famous bell.
00:15:34The one that rang to warn people about the iceberg.
00:15:37Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee were on lookout duty the night of the accident.
00:15:42Both of them survived.
00:15:44Fleet was the one who saw the iceberg before the ship struck it.
00:15:48What's ironic is that Fleet and Lee didn't have access to binoculars.
00:15:52They were stored in a locker in the crow's nest,
00:15:55but the key to the locker was in the pocket of a crew member
00:15:59who was reassigned to another ship at the last minute and didn't leave the key.
00:16:04They could've seen the iceberg sooner if they'd had pairs of binoculars.
00:16:08If they'd had it, the Titanic could've gotten out of the way.
00:16:12Divers discovered not just belongings of passengers or the crew,
00:16:16but also pieces belonging to the ship itself.
00:16:19Our next artifact is the grand staircase.
00:16:22Some parts of this iconic structure are recovered from the wreck.
00:16:26It turns out that this staircase became a meeting spot among first-class passengers.
00:16:31If they wanted to visit the Turkish baths for a spa day or eat dinner,
00:16:35they met at the staircase and went together.
00:16:38This staircase was a sign of how luxurious some parts of Titanic were.
00:16:44Another miraculously saved object that belongs to the ship is its plan.
00:16:49It was one of the most expensive artifacts sold at auction.
00:16:52The plan is around 30 feet wide.
00:16:55What else?
00:16:56The logometer was also discovered.
00:16:58It's a device used to check the sailing speed of the ship and the distance it covers.
00:17:03The experts say that from the start at noon on April 14, the device logged 268 nautical miles.
00:17:11And there's more!
00:17:12A giant chunk of hull known as the Big Piece was also found.
00:17:17This fellow weighs 15 tons.
00:17:20The larger portholes were for the cabins, and the smaller ones were for the restrooms.
00:17:24This piece was found in 1994, but it was in 1998 when it was successfully taken out.
00:17:31After all these years spent underwater, it was swarming with sea life.
00:17:36Still surprisingly, the portholes still had glass.
00:17:40Now let's assume you were a diver, and you could only take out one of these objects.
00:17:45Which one would you pick?
00:17:49You know SOS, don't you?
00:17:51Three dots, three dashes, and three more dots.
00:17:54It's an easy enough signal to tap out in Morse code.
00:17:57It means Save Our Souls or Save Our Ship.
00:18:01The crew of the legendary Titanic had been desperately trying to send this signal for two hours the night of April 14, 1912.
00:18:10There were other ships not too far from the spot where the iceberg took down the mighty Titan of the Sea.
00:18:16But the call for help seemingly disappeared before it could reach them.
00:18:20The passenger ship SS Mount Temple did pick up the signal and try to respond, but the Titanic never got the answer.
00:18:28So what was silencing the ship's cries for help?
00:18:32Some unknown Bermuda Triangle of the North Atlantic?
00:18:36Consider this.
00:18:38Eyewitnesses say the sky was painted with a brilliant Aurora Borealis that cold, fateful night.
00:18:44Beautiful, yes.
00:18:45But on that day, the Northern Lights may have sealed Titanic's fate for good.
00:18:50You see, the Aurora Borealis forms thanks to geomagnetic storms.
00:18:55Sounds complicated, but those are basically fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic sphere.
00:19:01And what causes those is the Sun itself.
00:19:04The magnetic sphere is like a protective bubble that surrounds our planet.
00:19:08It blocks harmful solar rays, winds, and other cosmic dangers from reaching us.
00:19:13Without it, life on our planet wouldn't be possible.
00:19:16Earth would look more like Mars.
00:19:18You also have it to thank for compasses pointing north.
00:19:22Experts know the Earth's magnetosphere affects navigational equipment, or disrupts it.
00:19:28Which brings us back to the Titanic.
00:19:31Recently, a published weather researcher named Mila Zinkova proposed a theory that solar flares,
00:19:38which provoked a geomagnetic storm, could have played a major role in the Titanic's untimely demise.
00:19:45Solar flares make themselves known on Earth all the time.
00:19:49Some people are especially sensitive to the magnetic storms they cause.
00:19:53These unlucky folks can feel weakness, fatigue, headaches, and even mood swings.
00:19:58On usual days, the pressure is the same on both sides.
00:20:01The magnetosphere blocks all the bad stuff, and we're all happy.
00:20:05But sometimes, explosions occur on the side.
00:20:08They can be massive, Earth-sized.
00:20:11These flares shoot out a wave of charged particles that collides with the magnetosphere at high speeds.
00:20:17Our protective bubble then goes on the defense.
00:20:20It shrinks, deforms, and pushes those particles toward the poles.
00:20:25Enter those brilliant lights dancing above the Titanic that night.
00:20:29In the north, we know it as Aurora Borealis.
00:20:32In the south, Aurora Australis, or the Southern Lights.
00:20:36When the magnetosphere pushes those solar and cosmic particles toward the poles,
00:20:41they collide with molecules of different gases.
00:20:44That's why you get the range of colors.
00:20:46For example, oxygen can be green or red, depending on the distance.
00:20:51And nitrogen is blue or purple.
00:20:54What multiple people saw that night was exactly this phenomenon,
00:20:58including the second officer from the rescue ship Carpathia.
00:21:02He wrote it down in the logbook before getting the distress call from the Titanic.
00:21:06But I'm getting ahead of myself.
00:21:09Auroras are a visible sign of a geomagnetic storm.
00:21:12Now, about navigational equipment.
00:21:14This applies to satellite and radio frequency devices.
00:21:18Remember, they didn't have iPhones back in the Titanic days,
00:21:21so the average person couldn't notice their gadgets going haywire.
00:21:25But navigational devices and wireless telegraph did exist and were actively used.
00:21:31Rewind back to the Middle Ages,
00:21:33when sailors noticed that, on some days, compasses wigged out.
00:21:37The arrows spun in all directions, and people back then had no idea why.
00:21:42It wasn't until the 18th century when French scientists found out
00:21:46that such problematic days occur at the same time as black spots appearing on the Sun.
00:21:52Solar flares. The mystery was solved.
00:21:55Now, the Titanic had the most advanced well-known radio equipment at that time.
00:22:01They tested it thoroughly to make sure it worked for distances up to 2,000 miles away.
00:22:06Titanics passed them all.
00:22:09On April 10, 1912, the massive liner left Southampton and set off for New York.
00:22:15The very next day, the crew started getting the first reports of drifting icebergs and ice fields.
00:22:22They put dots on the map to mark the coordinates and let out a sigh of relief.
00:22:27All the troublesome spots were north of the Titanic's planned route.
00:22:31But after a couple of days, the warnings were moving farther and farther south,
00:22:36encroaching on the majestic ship.
00:22:38On April 14, Captain Edward Smith decided to change course to the south in hopes of bypassing the ice.
00:22:45This ended up being a huge mistake.
00:22:48Enter the magnetic storm.
00:22:50If it was throwing the navigation equipment off, even by a tiny error of half a degree,
00:22:56the captain could've been mistakenly taking the ship right toward a cluster of icebergs.
00:23:01What's even worse, the radio operators ignored warnings coming from other ships.
00:23:07That, or they simply forgot to hand them over to the captain.
00:23:10As hired contractors from the radio company,
00:23:13they were more interested in transmitting paid telegrams from passengers on that luxurious liner.
00:23:19The radio transmitter kept going out of order that evening, probably because of all this private traffic.
00:23:25When it was finally fixed, operator Jack Phillips received another message from the SS Californian at 10.30 pm.
00:23:33Their operator was trying to warn Phillips about the coordinates of drifting icebergs,
00:23:38but he paid them no attention.
00:23:40He was nervous and in a hurry.
00:23:43Was the magnetic storm to blame for his frayed nerves and bad mood?
00:23:47We can only speculate.
00:23:49But, as you know, some people are more sensitive to these things.
00:23:53The weather was fine, the ocean was calm, the water was smooth as glass.
00:23:58Despite all the warnings, the ship continued to sail at a maximum speed of over 22 knots.
00:24:04An hour later, Titanic collided with the infamous iceberg.
00:24:09On April 15th at 12.14 am, in the middle of the night,
00:24:13Titanic's operators started to transmit the first emergency signals.
00:24:18The SS Californian was sailing just 20 miles from the Titanic.
00:24:22They could've easily come to a quick rescue.
00:24:25But 10 minutes before the disaster, the Californian's radio operator had gone to bed.
00:24:31He was the only one who understood Morse code on the ship.
00:24:35According to this new theory, the magnetic anomalies possibly blocked Titanic's messages to other ships.
00:24:42For example, the steamer SS La Providence didn't receive any signals from the sinking ship at all.
00:24:48Yet, they were still getting transmissions from another giant, the Olympic, which was 500 miles from the Titanic.
00:24:55That night, the signals were acting strange.
00:24:58They simply got lost somewhere in space, or they were like a jumbled riddle, impossible to solve.
00:25:05The SS Mount Temple did get a message and rushed to Titanic's aid.
00:25:09But, as fate would have it, the rescue ship got stuck in ice.
00:25:14She did arrive at Titanic's last known coordinates, but the luxury liner was nowhere to be seen.
00:25:20So, were the coordinates accurate at all?
00:25:23The steamer Carpathia was about 60 miles away.
00:25:26At 12.30, their radio operator told the Titanic's crew they were rushing to help.
00:25:32The ship famous for coming to the aid, Carpathia, was going full steam ahead.
00:25:37But here's the odd part.
00:25:39At first, they headed to the wrong spot.
00:25:42A magnetic storm could have thrown its equipment off.
00:25:45Good news is the steamer did end up reaching the right place when they saw the lifeboats full of passengers.
00:25:51Interestingly, once she reached land, the Carpathia didn't have any problems with her equipment.
00:25:57The blackout happened just around the wreckage site.
00:26:00The following investigation blamed radio amateurs for blocking signals.
00:26:04We now might know otherwise.
00:26:07Zinkova explains that at that time, they didn't know exactly how and to what extent the Sun influences the Earth.
00:26:14No one could have guessed that the Sun could tamper with these massive ships' navigational equipment.
00:26:20Especially one that had the best of the best at the time.
00:26:24There's another theory that even the Moon could have played a role.
00:26:27Some researchers claim that in January 1912, our natural satellite was closer to the Earth than usual.
00:26:34It caused very strong tides and raised the sea level.
00:26:38Every year, icebergs break away from Greenland and stop around Newfoundland.
00:26:42But not that year.
00:26:44The increased water flow pushed them further for three months.
00:26:47And come April, they were right in the way of transatlantic ships.
00:26:52Unfortunately, it was a recipe for disaster when it came to the mighty Titanic.
00:26:59A beam of electric light pierces the darkness over the calm waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:27:07The Titanic is quietly making its way through the waves, its passengers asleep.
00:27:12When suddenly, a monstrous white shape is caught in the light beam.
00:27:16The fateful iceberg is about to rend the side of the legendary ship.
00:27:22April 14, 1912.
00:27:26Only two days before someone will take a photo of a giant iceberg with a pretty unusual elliptical shape.
00:27:34It turns out that this iceberg most likely formed out of snow that fell 100,000 years ago.
00:27:41Researchers used computer modeling to figure out its origin.
00:27:46They used data from 1912 and added some new information about winds and ocean currents.
00:27:52They concluded that the iceberg was probably a part of a small cluster of glaciers in southwest Greenland.
00:28:01These days, it's possible to calculate the roots of such icebergs in any given year in the past.
00:28:07So, the infamous chunk of ice was on its way from Greenland to an area further south from Cornwall.
00:28:14If the ship had passed through that region only two days later, the iceberg would have moved far away from the point where they met.
00:28:22At first, the weight of the most well-known iceberg in the world was 75 million tons.
00:28:29With time, it started to slowly melt away.
00:28:32And when it sank the Titanic, its weight was only 1.5 million tons.
00:28:38By the time of the collision, it had probably been melting for months.
00:28:42But it was still a true monster.
00:28:44When the Titanic sank, the iceberg was 400 feet long, and more than 100 feet of its surface was above the water.
00:28:54Some people believe it was a supermoon that caused the Titanic to sink.
00:28:59That night, there was a rare lunar event.
00:29:02It hadn't happened for 1,400 years.
00:29:05In normal conditions, the iceberg wouldn't have traveled so far south without melting and losing the largest part of its mass.
00:29:12But the supermoon could have been the reason for an unusually high tide that pulled the iceberg away from the glacier way faster than usual.
00:29:23There's a specific type of bacteria that slowly consumes the remains of the Titanic.
00:29:28Salt corrosion, ocean currents, freezing temperatures, plus this rust-eating microorganism might consume the entire wreckage.
00:29:38American actress Dorothy Gibson was aboard the Titanic.
00:29:42She survived, and when she arrived in New York, she started filming a movie called Saved from the Titanic almost right away.
00:29:50The movie was released only a month after the Titanic sank.
00:29:55And in the movie, she even wore the same shoes and clothes she had during the actual disaster.
00:30:01The movie was a big success at that time, but the only known copy was destroyed in a fire.
00:30:0814 years before the Titanic sank, a novella called Futility had been published, and it seemed to have predicted the whole event.
00:30:17The plot centered around a fictional ship called the Titan that sank during its voyage.
00:30:22The Titan was almost the same size as Titanic, and they both went to the bottom in April.
00:30:28The reason was hitting an iceberg, too.
00:30:31Both the real and fictional ships were described as unsinkable, and both of them had the legally required number of lifeboats, which, as it turned out later, were nowhere near enough.
00:30:44We've seen it in the movie, but there were some real-life love stories happening on the Titanic, too.
00:30:5013 couples even took a trip on the Titanic as part of their honeymoon.
00:30:54One of the couples owned Macy's department store in New York.
00:30:58Once it became clear the Titanic was rapidly sinking, the woman refused to go into a lifeboat without her husband.
00:31:05But he didn't want to join her while there were still women and children who he thought had to go first.
00:31:11Then his wife gave her coat to her maid.
00:31:14She insisted that the maid should get into the lifeboat, and she wanted her to be warm.
00:31:19As for the woman herself, she decided to stay with her husband till the end.
00:31:26Some people believe Titanic sank because of a mummy, not an iceberg.
00:31:31It all started around 1000 BCE with a mysterious woman who lived in Egypt, in the city of thieves.
00:31:39People knew little about her, but they called her a priestess.
00:31:43Her mummy was put in a wooden sarcophagus and covered with a large lid with the image of her face and some mystical inscriptions.
00:31:51This place had been hidden until the first half of the 19th century when a group of locals accidentally came across it.
00:31:58They disturbed her peace.
00:32:00No one knows how, but the mummy disappeared that day without a trace.
00:32:06A couple of decades later, a group of rich friends from England traveled to Egypt and found the empty mummy casket with the image of the priestess,
00:32:16whose dark eyes seemed to be looking into the void.
00:32:19They decided to buy it, but the buyer disappeared the same night before he even got the case.
00:32:26All members of the group had some accidents.
00:32:29The casket changed its location a couple of times until it, as some believe, ended up on the Titanic.
00:32:38It took more than 70 years for a robot submarine to find the ruins of this legendary ship.
00:32:44The wreck lies nearly 13,000 feet under the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, split into two halves.
00:32:51Why did the liner break apart? No one knows exactly.
00:32:55Some think it happened because of the water that got inside when the ship collided with the iceberg.
00:33:01The pressure was so powerful it separated two parts of the vessel, starting with the ship's bottom structure.
00:33:07Others say it was because of the hull rivets.
00:33:10They had a high concentration of slag or smelting residue, and that's something that can cause the metal to split apart.
00:33:18The ship generally had many flaws, starting with the design.
00:33:22The watertight bulkheads weren't completely sealed on top.
00:33:26This allowed the water to flow between the compartments and, in the end, sink the vessel.
00:33:31The iron of the ship's rivets and steel of the hull ended up ruined because of high sulfur content, cold temperatures, and high speeds.
00:33:40The steel shattered and the rivets popped out quite easily.
00:33:44Because of this, Titanic sank 24 times faster than it would have otherwise.
00:33:49If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on instead of ramming it with its side, it would have probably stayed afloat.
00:33:56How come the crew members didn't have binoculars?
00:33:59It would have surely helped them spot the iceberg on time and maybe even avoid the disaster.
00:34:05But the binoculars on the Titanic were locked in a storage cabinet.
00:34:10Only one crew member had the key, and he had been transferred off the ship right before it set sail.
00:34:16He later said he hadn't remembered to hand over the key.
00:34:20But even without the binoculars, the ship might have had some time to change course and avoid the collision if the crew had gotten some warning.
00:34:28But that's the thing. Someone did warn them.
00:34:32About an hour before the incident, a ship that was relatively close to Titanic, the SS Californian, sent a message to inform them it had stopped because of dense ice field.
00:34:43But the warning never got to the Titanic's captain.
00:34:47Some experts say it was because the radio operator didn't think it was that urgent.
00:34:52And later, the SS Californian said they didn't get a call for help from the Titanic because their radio operator was off-duty.
00:35:01Some say the crew on the Titanic couldn't spot the iceberg on time because of an optical illusion.
00:35:08Atmospheric conditions that night probably caused super refraction, which could have camouflaged the berg.
00:35:14After all, no one actually saw the iceberg until it was too close to the ship to somehow avoid the crash.
00:35:21Not even a whole minute passed between the moment they saw the iceberg and the collision.
00:35:27It was only 37 seconds, and it took Titanic 2 hours and 40 minutes to disappear below the ocean's waves.
00:35:39April 12th, in the year 2212.
00:35:43It's a great date for humanity.
00:35:45The 300th anniversary of the launch of the legendary Titanic.
00:35:50The best engineers of the world have collaborated for years to bring their masterpiece to the public.
00:35:56The Space-Tanic.
00:35:58And they've done it just in time.
00:36:01The glorious spaceship is waiting in its harbor under the limelight, photographed by thousands of people.
00:36:08The trip was scheduled for April 12th, just like 300 years ago.
00:36:13Finally, the big day has come.
00:36:15The passengers are going on board the most magnificent spaceship of the time.
00:36:20They call it Unbreachable.
00:36:22It has 12 decks, from the third class closer to the bottom to the most luxurious first class on the top,
00:36:29with panoramic views of outer space.
00:36:34The ship is preparing for launch.
00:36:36The engines are starting, the final countdown has begun, and the Space-Tanic is off into the sky.
00:36:43It quickly becomes no more than a speck in the big blue and then disappears.
00:36:49The first day of the flight goes perfectly.
00:36:52The ship leaves the Earth's atmosphere in less than an hour, and passengers enjoy the wonderful view outside.
00:36:59The blue and green planet on the backdrop of the black void of space.
00:37:04The ship slows down a bit as it moves into orbit.
00:37:08There are too many satellites and space debris circling around the Earth.
00:37:13The Space-Tanic has to go carefully and maneuver around the chunks of metal floating in zero-g.
00:37:20One of them heads straight towards the ship, but it turns on the side burners and moves out of the way just in time.
00:37:27The scrap floats by safely.
00:37:30Finally, the ship is out of the danger zone and into the big black.
00:37:35It turns on the back thrusters to accelerate and heads to the bright side of the Moon.
00:37:41It's going to be the first destination of the sightseeing tour.
00:37:45The planet becomes gradually smaller behind, and about halfway to the natural satellite, people on board can marvel at the sight of the Sun.
00:37:54The huge ball of burning plasma is bigger and brighter than ever in the cosmic darkness.
00:38:01Suddenly, the ship's captain makes an announcement.
00:38:04All passengers are invited to the promenade decks to watch as the solar panels are being unfolded.
00:38:11People go outside to goggle at the sight.
00:38:15The silver and black panels slowly emerge from their containment slots, and the Space-Tanic finally takes its real form.
00:38:23As the Sun's energy begins to flow into the ship, the thrust engines turn to minimum.
00:38:29The spaceship is now in energy-collecting mode.
00:38:32For the trip to Mars to take just a few days, it needs to make a transit jump.
00:38:38In another 5 hours, another announcement rings across the board.
00:38:43The ship is approaching the Moon, and the passengers are invited to look at the satellite from up close.
00:38:49The Space-Tanic passes by at several thousand miles, and the Moon looks huge.
00:38:55All the craters on the satellite, even the smallest ones, are clearly visible.
00:39:00The view is outstanding.
00:39:02The Moon is left behind, and lights on the ship go dim.
00:39:06There's no natural change of day and night in space, so the crew monitors the time and imitates the shift.
00:39:14The next day promises nothing of interest, as there's going to be a long traverse between the Moon and Mars.
00:39:21The passengers are wandering off to their cabins to sleep.
00:39:25The next two days go uneventful.
00:39:28On the decks, there are numerous types of entertainment for guests.
00:39:33From gyms and swimming pools to game rooms and dancing halls.
00:39:38People wander around the promenade decks, enjoying the serene views of space.
00:39:43Nothing bodes trouble.
00:39:45On the fourth day, the captain finally announces that the Space-Tanic is preparing for the transit jump in 30 minutes.
00:39:54When the time comes, the passengers only feel a slight tug as the huge vessel leaps through space-time, entering the vicinity of Mars.
00:40:07Many passengers go outside to look at the Red Planet, which is already visible in the dark abyss.
00:40:13The tour is entering its final stage, but the landing is only planned for late night.
00:40:20At 11 p.m., when most passengers were already in their beds, the Space-Tanic begins the final maneuvers.
00:40:27It has to make a little roundabout trip over Mars, because the port is on the other side of the planet.
00:40:34The flight is nearing its end, only a couple of hours left before landing.
00:40:39The ship is in the orbit on the far side of Mars.
00:40:42Everything's quiet. Too quiet.
00:40:46All of a sudden, an enormous boom thrashes the whole Space-Tanic, throwing sleeping people out of their beds.
00:40:54Blinking emergency lights turn on. Everyone's confused, but no announcement comes from the captain.
00:41:00And only those who have been on the starboard side promenade deck notice the horrible detail.
00:41:06The right front wing has been torn off and is zooming past them towards the stern.
00:41:11Pressing their faces to the glass, straining to look at the hull, they see a huge gash near the nose of the ship.
00:41:18The Space-Tanic shudders again, and chunks of metal fly out of the gaping hole.
00:41:23The ship rapidly loses pressurization.
00:41:26Meanwhile, the broken-off wing hit the stern and left another gash in it.
00:41:31Mechanisms in the engine compartment start to fall apart and are dragged into space.
00:41:37The ship groans and comes to a halt, suspended thousands of miles above Mars.
00:41:43At last, the captain announces through the intercom that the Space-Tanic has unexpectedly collided with a rogue asteroid.
00:41:51All passengers are asked to proceed to their respective decks for evacuation.
00:41:56Within an hour, all rescue capsules are occupied and ready to be deployed.
00:42:01But about a third of the passengers are still on board the ship.
00:42:05It turns out many of the capsules were blown away at the collision.
00:42:09History seems to repeat itself.
00:42:12The captain still orders to deploy the capsules, and they whoosh out of containment tanks, leaving hundreds of people behind.
00:42:19Some left without their family members, not knowing what fate awaits them.
00:42:25The capsules float in space for a few seconds and then turn on their thrust engines, heading to the Martian surface.
00:42:34Another order from the captain, everyone is to go down to their cabins and put on pressurized suits stored under their beds.
00:42:42As the passengers rush to comply, the Space-Tanic sends distress signals to Mars and everyone in the vicinity.
00:42:49A hundred thousand miles away, a large trade ship, Leona, picks up the signal and hurries to help.
00:42:56The creaks and groans on board the Space-Tanic become more and more frantic.
00:43:01People are sitting silently in their cabins.
00:43:04It's quiet on board, except for the sounds of the slowly disintegrating ship.
00:43:09And then, suddenly, a loud snap resonates throughout the Space-Tanic, and the vessel cracks in two.
00:43:17A gigantic fracture goes from top to bottom, almost perfectly halfway across the decks.
00:43:23Pressurized glass covering the promenade decks shatter into millions of pieces, slowly flying away from the ship.
00:43:30With the decks depressurized, people and things are blown away into outer space.
00:43:35Thankfully, all of the passengers and crew are wearing their suits as ordered, but they only have about an hour before they run out of oxygen.
00:43:44People help each other by floating together and hauling stranded ones to their groups.
00:43:49They can barely control their floating, but somehow they still manage to bring some order to the chaos.
00:43:56Huddled together in orbit above the ominously red planet, they watch as the mighty Space-Tanic turns into a heaping pile of space debris.
00:44:0645 minutes have passed, the oxygen is running low, and people try to breathe as slowly and carefully as they can.
00:44:14There's still no help in sight, and they're preparing for the worst.
00:44:18But then, one of them starts waving and pointing somewhere.
00:44:23It's a bright spot, hardly different from the stars in far space.
00:44:27But it's getting closer by the second, and within 5 minutes, the relieved people see a spaceship speeding towards them.
00:44:35The Leonas arrive just in time to save the day.
00:44:39Quickly, but without hurry, Leona's crew gather everyone floating in space around the remains of the Space-Tanic, and haul them on board their ship.
00:44:49In a few hours, the Leona safely lands at Mars' main spaceport.
00:44:54The newspapers called it the day when the Titanic sank again.
00:45:03The Kraken is a colossal squid, a legendary sea monster, the biggest hunk of calamari you ever saw.
00:45:11And if this monster had existed, the world would have changed beyond recognition.
00:45:17The Kraken has powerful tentacles, solid muscles with suckers at the end.
00:45:21They're just impossible to escape.
00:45:23The Kraken can break a ship in half, or just pull it down into the depths.
00:45:28But the worst thing about the Kraken is its size.
00:45:32According to old sailor stories, the Kraken reached 5,000 feet in length.
00:45:37That's almost 10 soccer fields.
00:45:39Hey, maybe the Kraken could play soccer!
00:45:42The Kraken legend said the monster was so giant that sailors mistook it for a small island.
00:45:48In past centuries, it would have been impossible to defeat such a beast.
00:45:53If the Kraken existed in reality, it might have had offspring.
00:45:58Yeah, in all the world's oceans, there would be giant monsters that could sink any ship.
00:46:03It's unlikely that the Kraken would have competitors in its habitat, so its population would grow strongly.
00:46:10Since the Kraken is enormous, it would need lots of food.
00:46:13So the population of other large sea animals would fall significantly.
00:46:18Blue whales, great white sharks, other giant squids, all the big sea creatures would be endangered.
00:46:25Many people are starving because of the reduction of large fish in the ocean.
00:46:29Urban economies that rely on fishing will be in decline.
00:46:33Prices for small fish around the world are getting more expensive because it's unsafe to fish.
00:46:38To defeat the Kraken, you need powerful weapons, but the monster is tough to catch.
00:46:43The Kraken belongs to the cephalopod genus.
00:46:46This species includes squid and octopus, some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.
00:46:52The Kraken is a skilled hunter and will never fight in the open.
00:46:56So what can you do?
00:46:58You can't track the Kraken because it approaches from the depths, not the surface.
00:47:02Though you may be able to tell that the monster is somewhere nearby if a lot of fish surface.
00:47:08When the Kraken swims, it scares all the fish in the vicinity.
00:47:12But it might already be too late.
00:47:14A huge tentacle emerges from the water resembling a high tower.
00:47:18This tower falls on the deck of the ship, shattering it.
00:47:22The sailors scream and run.
00:47:24The Kraken lands a second blow, and the vessel is almost capsized.
00:47:28Next, the Kraken wraps its giant tentacles around the ship and pulls it to the bottom.
00:47:33Oh boy!
00:47:35What if the sailors manage to detach the ship from the tentacles of this monster?
00:47:39With the help of powerful weapons, the ship's crew strikes back.
00:47:43The Kraken retreats under the water.
00:47:46It's hurt, angry.
00:47:48It seems the battle is over, but here comes the worst.
00:47:51A whirlpool forms beside the ship.
00:47:54Thanks to its considerable weight, when the Kraken dives, it creates a whirlpool behind it.
00:48:00Like a drain in a giant bathtub, this whirlpool sucks the ship down.
00:48:05The battle with the Kraken is lost.
00:48:07Well, that was unfortunate.
00:48:09You might be able to defeat the monster if you can anticipate its attack in advance.
00:48:14But the Kraken can see you and your ship before you can see it.
00:48:18Colossal squids live in deep waters, and they have the largest eyes among all animals.
00:48:24The squid's eye is the size of a dinner plate.
00:48:27Thanks to this, they can see their prey from far away.
00:48:30Similarly, a Kraken would spot the ship much sooner than Sonar could pick up the Kraken.
00:48:35It would always have the drop on you.
00:48:38Well, that's not good.
00:48:40Around the world, cargo transportation by ship is declining.
00:48:44Airlines provide the only safe connection between the continents.
00:48:47This will increase air pollution.
00:48:49The most successful enemy of the Kraken is submarines.
00:48:53They travel at great depths and are equipped with powerful echolocators to help detect the Kraken in advance.
00:49:00Subs are well-armed too, and the round metal body is not so easy to destroy.
00:49:05A single Kraken may be defeated by a submarine.
00:49:08But what if there are several sea monsters?
00:49:11Three Kraken can wrap their tentacles around the submarine and drag it deeper into the water where the pressure will destroy their enemy.
00:49:19In other words, they'll have a crush on you.
00:49:28The existence of the Kraken will have dramatically changed the development of many countries.
00:49:33What if Christopher Columbus, on his famous journey, noticed an island that he thought was the New World?
00:49:39He approaches it, but tentacles emerge from the island and sink Columbus' ship.
00:49:44The colonization of North America is delayed, maybe until airplanes are invented.
00:49:49And the first crewed flight wasn't until the 20th century.
00:49:53There would be no Hollywood.
00:49:55There would be no hamburgers, no famous American music playing.
00:49:58There wouldn't be YouTube, which means you wouldn't be watching this video right now.
00:50:03Worst of all, the Internet wouldn't exist either.
00:50:07All this because of one stupid monster squid.
00:50:10The Vikings wouldn't sail on their long ships to raid and settle foreign territories.
00:50:15The history of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and other Nordic countries would have changed drastically.
00:50:21Hey, maybe the Titanic wouldn't have hit an iceberg, but a giant sea monster instead.
00:50:26Though, it's unlikely that people would take trips on huge ocean liners in a world where the Kraken exists.
00:50:32Maybe, though, the Kraken isn't all that aggressive.
00:50:35Still, they need a lot of food, and because of the growing population of these monsters, there will be much less food in the ocean.
00:50:42Therefore, the Kraken will increasingly come to the surface for hunting.
00:50:46In the future, the Kraken will migrate closer to the shore.
00:50:50In many countries, people then are not allowed to swim in the ocean.
00:50:54Imagine floating on the waves and a monster the size of a skyscraper is swimming right below you.
00:51:00Relaxing at sea and on the beach will no longer be popular.
00:51:04Many countries that live off tourism become impoverished.
00:51:08When the Krakens grow hungrier, they try to capture prey from land.
00:51:12A huge squid could attack small port cities.
00:51:15Houses, docks, streets, everything can be crushed.
00:51:19A tremendous amount of plastic is thrown into the ocean near the coasts of large countries.
00:51:24Billions of tons of plastic will bother the Kraken.
00:51:27An angry, hungry monster can attack bridges like the Golden Gate Bridge.
00:51:32Imagine that a huge squid surrounds the bridge and blocks all traffic.
00:51:36Some of these squids could break the strong cables with their power, and the entire structure would collapse into the water.
00:51:43It's good that the Kraken doesn't really exist to swim in our seas and oceans, at least as far as we know.
00:51:50But could the monster have actually existed?
00:51:53Legends stretch back years, but scientific evidence appeared in the middle of the 19th century.
00:51:59In 1857, a 3-inch-diameter squid bee was discovered on the coast of Denmark.
00:52:05Other huge squid remains were found in the Bahamas, and then scientists were convinced that gigantic squids existed.
00:52:13While colossal squid has been officially discovered since then, it's been more than a hundred years, and we still don't know what max size they can grow to.
00:52:22The fact is, colossal squids are one of the most elusive creatures on Earth.
00:52:27They live in the depths of the ocean, where it's challenging for scientists to reach.
00:52:31Any dive to a greater depth requires powerful, bulky equipment.
00:52:36Underwater bath escapes and cameras make a lot of noise and light, which squids notice from afar.
00:52:42They flee before we can see them.
00:52:46The legend of the Kraken probably appeared because of a real colossal squid.
00:52:50People in the past didn't know about these creatures' existence, so when they saw one for the first time, they described it as a massive, terrible monster.
00:52:59It's difficult to say if these huge squids were the size of a small island, because the truth is, we've only studied about 5% of the ocean.
00:53:08It may be that in its depths, monsters much more terrible than the Kraken swim.
00:53:14Like my nephew, Peter.
00:53:17You sit up on the bed, put your feet down on the floor, and feel the cold water.
00:53:23You quickly run out of the cabin and find yourself in a long corridor.
00:53:27The water is knee deep. People are putting on life jackets, running toward the stairs.
00:53:32You run after them and find yourself in chaos.
00:53:35Water is everywhere. A woman slips on the stairs and falls.
00:53:39You help her up. People from all sides are pushing you.
00:53:43Everyone is trying to climb the stairs. There's more water behind you.
00:53:47The cabin you've just left is completely flooded.
00:53:50A few more seconds and the water level will rise above your head.
00:53:54Fortunately, everyone manages to get out.
00:53:57The upper deck is breaking. The huge ship is tilted to the side.
00:54:01The sound of breaking wood, the grinding of iron, and the shouts of people mixed with the music played on violins by several musicians.
00:54:10You head for the lifeboats and feel like you're climbing a mountain.
00:54:14There are no lifeboats available, but you find a life jacket.
00:54:18The entire bow of the ship has sunk under the water.
00:54:21You're at the very edge of the stern and decide to jump.
00:54:24You wait for the ship to sink deeper into the water so the distance between you and the ocean surface is reduced.
00:54:30You finally jump and find yourself in the icy water.
00:54:34The water hits 28 degrees Fahrenheit, not enough to freeze the ocean, but sufficient to turn a puddle on the road into ice.
00:54:42You're having a hard time breathing because of the cold.
00:54:45You watch as one of the most majestic, unsinkable ships in history sinks.
00:54:51In one and a half hours, another liner will arrive and rescue all the survivors.
00:54:56But before that, you have to handle this situation somehow.
00:55:0090 minutes to survive the night in the icy waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:55:04Among chaos, screams, and despair, only one thing can be even worse.
00:55:10Sharks.
00:55:11Everyone knows the story of the Titanic.
00:55:14What if the survivors noticed shark fins among the wreckage?
00:55:17Theoretically, it could have happened.
00:55:22The sounds of the crash and the vibrations in the water could attract great white sharks.
00:55:28They swim in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean, where the disaster occurred.
00:55:33They are some of the most dangerous predators on the planet.
00:55:37They're big, fast, strong, and their 300 serrated teeth are sharp as a blade, lined in several rows.
00:55:44And now, you see a few triangular fins sticking out of the water.
00:55:48They quickly circle you and the other people.
00:55:51You grab a floating wooden piece left from the ship to climb on it.
00:55:55The cold temperature shackles your movements and your hands slip.
00:55:58These sounds attract the sharks.
00:56:01One of the predators stops swimming around and is now heading straight for you.
00:56:06Fear makes your brain shut down and your instincts start working.
00:56:10You try your best to swim away from the shark as fast as possible.
00:56:14Of course, it's useless to run from a fast shark in the water, but you're still trying.
00:56:19Two seconds pass and you feel your heel hitting the shark's nose.
00:56:23The other foot goes into its toothy mouth.
00:56:26You scream, feel the sharp teeth on your leg, and shut your eyes, but nothing happens.
00:56:32After a second, the shark lets you go.
00:56:35Great whites rarely attack humans.
00:56:37If they bite, it's just because they want to test you.
00:56:40The thing is, the shark's favorite food is seal.
00:56:43After a light testing bite, the shark understands that you're not a seal.
00:56:48It simply loses interest in you.
00:56:50But if the shark is hungry, then it won't care what kind of animal you are.
00:56:55Those survivors who are safe in the boat have no reason to fear.
00:56:58The great white won't attack them.
00:57:00The predator can push the boat a little, but only to test it.
00:57:04If there's a fridge with steaks on board and someone decides to feed them to the sharks,
00:57:08then problems will begin.
00:57:10Several predators will push the boat until the steaks fall in the water.
00:57:15The shark is swimming away from you.
00:57:17Then, one of the lifeboats picks you up.
00:57:20You're safe.
00:57:21Soon, another liner will arrive, and you'll find yourself in a warm and cozy place.
00:57:29If the water was warmer, Titanic survivors could encounter bull sharks.
00:57:34You jump into the water from the sinking ship.
00:57:36The water's not so cold.
00:57:38You can easily swim to the nearest floating door.
00:57:40But you notice a tall triangular fin with a dark tip on the top.
00:57:44Unlike the great whites, these sharks aren't fast.
00:57:47They seem lazy and slow, as if they aren't interested in you.
00:57:50But you still need to climb the door as quickly as possible.
00:57:54Bull sharks are some of the most aggressive in the world.
00:57:57They deliberately create the illusion of slowness so their prey relaxes.
00:58:02At the right moment, they become agile and fast.
00:58:05They're called that because of their short, flattened faces, like bulls have.
00:58:09And their bodies are strong.
00:58:11These predators like to ram their prey, or other sharks, with their heads.
00:58:16As soon as you climb the door, the bull shark crashes into it, and you fall into the water.
00:58:21Fortunately, there's a lifeboat nearby.
00:58:24People get you on board.
00:58:26Several sharks slam into the boat from all sides.
00:58:29It gets scary.
00:58:30But with your combined efforts, you keep the boat afloat.
00:58:33Soon, another liner arrives and scares off the predators using its loud signal and the roar of the engine.
00:58:40That unpleasant scenario is, luckily, impossible.
00:58:44Bull sharks swim only in the warm waters of the ocean.
00:58:47But most often, they can be found in fresh springs, river estuaries, and shallow water.
00:58:53That's why they're so often seen by people near beaches.
00:58:56Always read about the place where you're going to swim before diving in the water.
00:59:01The third and most likely scenario.
00:59:03You jump into the water, it's icy again, and you're having a hard time moving because of the cold.
00:59:09Your life jacket keeps you on the surface perfectly.
00:59:12The lights of the sinking Titanic light up the water a little.
00:59:15And in the black, infinite depth, you notice what looks like a large block of stone.
00:59:20An ancient fish, the most majestic shark in the world, is swimming near you.
00:59:25It's a Greenland shark.
00:59:27They swim even in the Arctic waters, so they're not afraid of the cold temperatures of the North Atlantic.
00:59:33This huge predator is bigger than a car.
00:59:36Each year, its length increases by 0.3 inches.
00:59:40You're lucky to see it, as it's one of the rarest sharks in the world.
00:59:44Fortunately, it has a docile nature and will not attack you.
00:59:49The entire kitchen of the Titanic may be floating in the water and attracting these sharks.
00:59:54They're slow, peaceful, and old.
00:59:57The age of the Greenland shark can reach 400 years.
01:00:01This shark is considered adult 150 years after birth.
01:00:06The one you're currently looking at in 1912 may have witnessed the golden age of pirates,
01:00:11with sabers, parrots, and eye patches.
01:00:14And it's quite possible that the same shark that saw the Titanic disaster is still alive in 2021
01:00:21and slowly wandering the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
01:00:25In all these scenarios, you manage to escape.
01:00:28But if a shark attacks you in the water and there's no boat nearby,
01:00:32then you still have a chance to survive anyway.
01:00:35The main thing is not to panic.
01:00:38Don't splash or make sudden movements so as not to excite the shark.
01:00:42You're wearing a life jacket, so you don't have to move to stay afloat.
01:00:46Do not swim away from the shark.
01:00:48Otherwise, it'll think that you're its prey.
01:00:51The shark will be swimming around you, so don't lose sight of it.
01:00:54You can slowly swim away to a boat or wooden boards, anything that you can climb.
01:00:59If you're near the shore, then slowly swim towards it until you reach shallow water.
01:01:04After that, you need to quickly run away.
01:01:07But be careful. The shark can even get you out there.
01:01:10So keep your eyes on it at all times.
01:01:13If the shark still attacks you, then you will have to fight for your life.
01:01:18Weak points of the shark are its eyes and gills.
01:01:21Aim for them with your fists and feet.
01:01:24At 11.40 p.m., the Titanic made contact with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean.
01:01:30Many artifacts were found and restored,
01:01:33like parts of the ship, jewelry, and dining plates to name a few.
01:01:37It took approximately three hours for the ship to be completely submerged in the remote icy water.
01:01:44The night was cold and very much alive.
01:01:47The orchestra was playing music as they enchanted the guests on board.
01:01:51Everyone was excited to arrive in America.
01:01:54It was still considered an amazing feat for a ship to cross the Atlantic back in 1912.
01:02:00But as the day went ahead, there was an atmosphere of impending doom for the captain and his crew.
01:02:07No one else felt it, though.
01:02:09It seemed to them nothing could possibly go wrong,
01:02:12and this would just be another regular night.
01:02:15To them, the Titanic was unsinkable.
01:02:19The last thing on your mind when thinking about the Titanic is the mail crew.
01:02:24Yes, there were mailmen on board delivering mail to America.
01:02:28It may seem like a pretty mundane occupation,
01:02:31but there was a very tough test to pass in order to be accepted on board,
01:02:36and only a few top candidates would qualify,
01:02:39and those few would get shortlisted and accepted.
01:02:42John Starr March, an American,
01:02:45was one of these mailmen earning between $1,000 to $1,500 a year working on the Titanic.
01:02:51Back in 1912, this was considered to be a lot of money.
01:02:55They were not officially part of the ship's crew,
01:02:58since the mail crew was placed near the third-class quarters.
01:03:02But given their influence and resistance,
01:03:04they were eventually moved and given a private dining area.
01:03:08March got this job since he needed the money to support his family.
01:03:12He found a perfect way to earn some big bucks
01:03:15working on a large ship traveling across the ocean.
01:03:19He was 51 at the time and came from New Jersey.
01:03:22Sadly, he was on board when the ship sank and didn't make it,
01:03:27but they recovered a pocket watch that gives us a little insight
01:03:31into what happened that fateful evening.
01:03:34It's a gold case engraved with filigree
01:03:37and had a caption saying it was made by the Elgin National Watch Company.
01:03:42On the surface, you'd think this would just make a pretty cool antique
01:03:46sitting over the fireplace, but there are some unusual details about it.
01:03:51There are obvious signs water seeped beneath the glass,
01:03:55and the black arms of the watch indicate the time to be exactly 127.
01:04:00It leaves us wondering why the clock stopped at this precise hour.
01:04:04What was the owner doing?
01:04:06The mail clerks were operating a fully functioning
01:04:09and efficient mail sorting facility on board the Titanic.
01:04:13This wasn't something you'd come by often on a cruise ship
01:04:16since typical ocean liners used closed mail bags
01:04:19to transport the mail from one port to another.
01:04:22But the mail sorting facility on the Titanic allowed passengers
01:04:26to send out postcards whenever the ship docked in transit zones
01:04:30in Ireland and France.
01:04:32According to reports, people started heading back to their rooms
01:04:35at around 11 p.m., but some of them were still hanging around
01:04:39and enjoying their night.
01:04:41The five mailmen were celebrating a colleague's birthday
01:04:44in their separate dining room.
01:04:46Five minutes before impact, crew members spotted the iceberg
01:04:50and rang the bell three times as a warning
01:04:53that something was ahead of the ship.
01:04:55They gave orders for the Titanic to move left,
01:04:58or as they say in the biz, hard a starboard,
01:05:02to make the engines reverse.
01:05:04It was not enough to avoid the great impact.
01:05:07At 11.40 p.m., the Titanic struck the iceberg,
01:05:11and disaster erupted on the inside.
01:05:14Not just water seeping in and ultimately sinking the ship,
01:05:18but panic and chaos among the passengers and crew members.
01:05:22Captain Smith reached the deck and was informed
01:05:25that the Titanic had hit an iceberg.
01:05:27And at the same time, the mail room began filling with water.
01:05:31We know that the 880-foot ship was completely submerged
01:05:35at around 2.20 a.m. with 706 survivors.
01:05:39The time between the impact and the sinking was really eventful.
01:05:43At midnight, they started getting the lifeboats ready
01:05:46for the passengers to evacuate.
01:05:48Orders were given for women and children
01:05:50to board the safety boats with some crewmen
01:05:52to guide and operate them.
01:05:54The problem was that the 20 safety boats available
01:05:57could only host 1,178 people
01:06:00out of the total of more than 2,200 passengers on board.
01:06:05March and his colleagues began sorting out the mail.
01:06:09There was chaos in directing and ordering around.
01:06:12With each second passing, icy cold water was filling the ship.
01:06:16Fifteen minutes after midnight,
01:06:18Captain Smith ordered his crew members
01:06:20to send out a distress signal.
01:06:23Even though SOS was established earlier than the Titanic,
01:06:27many others used CQD.
01:06:30The CQ stands for General Call,
01:06:33and the D is Distress.
01:06:36But Frankfurt was too far away to help,
01:06:38even though it was one of the first to respond.
01:06:41Even the Titanic's sister ship, the Olympic, responded,
01:06:45but it also was too far away.
01:06:47At 12.20 a.m., the Carpathia received the urgent message
01:06:52and redirected from its original course to help them out,
01:06:55even though they were 58 nautical miles away.
01:06:58Although this was some relieving news,
01:07:00the water kept seeping in at an alarming rate.
01:07:04It wasn't easy to keep everyone calm,
01:07:06knowing that the ship could be underwater in a matter of hours.
01:07:10At this point, many passengers were already on board the safety boats
01:07:14waiting to descend into the water.
01:07:16The musicians on board began playing music
01:07:19for the ones still waiting.
01:07:21At first, they were playing in the first class lounge,
01:07:24and then they moved to the deck.
01:07:26There's a debate on how long they were playing for
01:07:29and what song it was.
01:07:31None of the musicians made it out.
01:07:33The five mailmen on board were also doing their duties
01:07:36while the ship was sinking.
01:07:38According to a ship officer,
01:07:40the mailroom was already covered in water above the ankles,
01:07:43and the mailmen were busy trying to save as much mail as they could.
01:07:47March was one of them.
01:07:49They were bags of mail floating around.
01:07:52They started with the registered mail.
01:07:54Witnesses of the Titanic sinking reported the mailmen
01:07:57were putting bags of mail on the deck
01:08:00to keep them from getting wet until help arrived.
01:08:03They also mentioned bags of mail were floating about
01:08:06in the freezing water.
01:08:08It wasn't until 1245 a.m.
01:08:10when lifeboat number seven on the left side of the ship
01:08:13was lowered onto the water.
01:08:15Even though it had room for roughly 65 people,
01:08:18only 27 people were inside.
01:08:21Many of the safety boats carried fewer passengers
01:08:24than their maximum capacity allowed.
01:08:26The crew were worried that the boats would capsize
01:08:29if so many people were on them.
01:08:31Some reports suggest that some people
01:08:34even refused to board the safety ships,
01:08:36sticking with the claim that the Titanic was unsinkable.
01:08:40At the same time, they fired up
01:08:42one of the eight distress rockets in the air,
01:08:45but it didn't get them any help.
01:08:47At 1255 a.m., the second and third safety boats
01:08:51were descended to the waters
01:08:53with two mail passengers jumping on board.
01:08:55Five minutes later, another safety boat
01:08:58was lowered with around 39 people.
01:09:00At this point, water entered the base of the grand staircase.
01:09:04In the next 20 minutes, more safety boats were lowered,
01:09:08most of them underloaded.
01:09:10Still no help.
01:09:12The Carpathia was still on the way.
01:09:14Panic was growing, and tensions were rising.
01:09:17There was a lot of anger for people being left behind.
01:09:20At around 130 a.m., things were getting out of control.
01:09:24The organized boarding of passengers to the safety boats stopped.
01:09:28March's watch stopped three minutes earlier,
01:09:31which could mean he was part of the scuffle
01:09:34between crew members and passengers.
01:09:36It took three hours for the Carpathia to arrive.
01:09:39March wasn't among the survivors.
01:09:42His watch proved to be one of the essential findings
01:09:45lost in the wreckage of the Titanic.
01:09:48It was eventually returned to March's two daughters,
01:09:51and now it's in one of the collections
01:09:53of the National Postal Museum.
01:09:55March was a man who did what he had to do
01:09:58in the worst circumstances.
01:10:00Time was a precious commodity for the people on board the ship,
01:10:04and this watch proved valuable to learn more about
01:10:07the tragic yet inspiring stories of the Titanic.
01:10:13On the night of April 14th to 15th, 1912,
01:10:17the most modern and unsinkable ship collided with an iceberg and sunk.
01:10:22And it was incredibly scary.
01:10:24Just imagine a huge cruise ship,
01:10:26several times the size of the Statue of Liberty,
01:10:29crashing into a massive chunk of ice and sinking.
01:10:32It's dark and cold.
01:10:34All you can hear is the rumbling and grinding of breaking metal and wood.
01:10:38All that surrounds you is the icy waters of the endless Atlantic Ocean.
01:10:42There's almost no connection with the outside world.
01:10:45There are no phones or internet.
01:10:47Nobody else on the whole planet knows that the ship is sinking.
01:10:51It's a real nightmare!
01:10:53But the most shocking thing
01:10:55is that the people who were on the Titanic that day didn't panic.
01:10:59They were calm, maybe a little worried,
01:11:02but there was no fear on their faces.
01:11:04To understand why they weren't afraid
01:11:06during one of the biggest disasters of the 20th century,
01:11:09you need to see what was going on through their eyes.
01:11:12So, you're a passenger on the infamous ocean liner.
01:11:16Your cabin is located on one of the top decks of the ship.
01:11:19You've just had a great time with your friends at dinner.
01:11:22Now musicians are playing a beautiful melody.
01:11:25Waiters are serving dessert.
01:11:27You go out onto the deck and enjoy the tranquility of the mighty ocean.
01:11:32At this moment, you feel an incredible sense of security and comfort.
01:11:36You're proud that you're one of the first people in the world
01:11:39to travel on the most high-tech ship on the planet.
01:11:42You go to bed in your cabin and wake up
01:11:45because a crew member gently knocks on your door and asks you to go to the deck.
01:11:49There's some kind of issue, but there's no reason to panic.
01:11:52No problem!
01:11:54You'll be happy to go out and take a look at the night sky.
01:11:57The moment when the ship collided with the iceberg
01:11:59felt like nothing more than a slight push,
01:12:02and some passengers didn't even hear it.
01:12:04They realized that something was wrong
01:12:06only when stewards knocked on their doors and asked them to go outside.
01:12:10You're on the deck.
01:12:12There are already a lot of people here.
01:12:14Everyone is more or less calm.
01:12:16Passengers are talking about what might have happened.
01:12:19Listening to the conversations around you,
01:12:21you figure out that the ship is supposedly sinking.
01:12:25The idea seems like nonsense to you,
01:12:28but even if it is true,
01:12:30all passengers will be evacuated in lifeboats anyway.
01:12:33At that time, people didn't know there were half as many rescue boats as needed.
01:12:38Passengers were sure that everyone would be saved.
01:12:41Evacuation begins.
01:12:43Women and children go first.
01:12:45No one panics or tries to get into a boat before it's their turn.
01:12:49All men behave gentlemanly and help crew members to evacuate women.
01:12:53One passenger wants to get into the boat with his wife,
01:12:56but it's not because he's afraid to stay on the Titanic.
01:12:59He's just worried.
01:13:01It seems to him that it's less safe in the boat than on the giant liner.
01:13:05He doesn't want to leave his wife alone,
01:13:07but the crew members explain the situation to him,
01:13:10and the man retreats without any resistance.
01:13:13They begin to launch flares into the air.
01:13:15No one pays any attention to this.
01:13:17Everyone thinks this is a standard procedure for a ship breakdown.
01:13:21If there had been many experienced travelers on board,
01:13:24they would have understood the flares were fired because the ship was in distress.
01:13:28Perhaps then, people would have started panicking.
01:13:31But most of the passengers simply didn't notice it.
01:13:34The boats are lowered one by one.
01:13:37People are watching the evacuation, patiently waiting for their turn.
01:13:41There's no pushing or crowding.
01:13:43Nobody is screaming.
01:13:44The actions of the crew help the passengers to remain calm.
01:13:48They deliberately downplay the severity of the situation to prevent panic.
01:13:52Someone says the boats are launched simply as a precaution.
01:13:55Also, the crew members claim that a rescue ship is heading for the Titanic and is just a few miles away.
01:14:01Some passengers say they see the lights of another ship.
01:14:05The people who are already sitting in the boats want to stay closer to the Titanic,
01:14:09since this way, they'll feel safer.
01:14:12Many passengers simply don't want to believe that something serious is happening.
01:14:16Even when they're told the ship is sinking, they refuse to admit it.
01:14:20How is it possible that the unsinkable ship can sink?
01:14:24But this is how the human mind works.
01:14:26In extreme situations, it refuses to believe that something bad is going to happen now.
01:14:32You don't even want to think about it.
01:14:34One of the passengers says that it seems to her that the danger is exaggerated.
01:14:38She claims that all people will return to the Titanic at any moment.
01:14:42Some passengers are afraid.
01:14:44And still, they don't want to leave the ship.
01:14:47Warm cabins and the safest ship in the world are here.
01:14:50The alternative is the ice-cold ocean and small, unstable rescue boats.
01:14:55Someone refuses to leave the ship because they can't find their baggage.
01:14:59Some passengers carry all their belongings with them.
01:15:02They don't want to leave them on the sinking ship.
01:15:05There are many immigrants on board, and some of them don't even understand English.
01:15:09The crew members can't explain to them what's happening.
01:15:12These passengers misunderstand stewards' instructions during the evacuation.
01:15:16They can't figure out the inscriptions on the evacuation signs.
01:15:20Many passengers are sure there's been some kind of breakdown in the engine compartment.
01:15:25The problem will be solved soon, and the Titanic will continue its journey.
01:15:29People only start to realize that the ship is going down when it begins tilting forward,
01:15:34and its rear part starts rising above the water.
01:15:37That's when those around you start panicking.
01:15:40Some jump into the water. Others climb into the lifeboats without waiting in line.
01:15:45But in general, there's no chaos and hysteria.
01:15:48And this is despite the fact that there are about 1,500 people on the ship.
01:15:53Scientists claim that some of them never even left their cabins.
01:15:57Those people refused to leave their stuff behind and didn't believe that something serious had happened.
01:16:02During the evacuation, the orchestra is playing.
01:16:05This helps people to keep their cool.
01:16:08They hear music, and it seems to them that everything will be fine.
01:16:12The music keeps playing on the Titanic almost until the very end.
01:16:16At about 2.05 a.m., the crew lowers the last boat with passengers.
01:16:21Fifteen minutes later, the ship goes underwater.
01:16:25Even after the tragedy, the surviving passengers can't really understand what's happened to them.
01:16:31They remember boarding the boats and moving away from the huge vessel.
01:16:34And they won't forget seeing it go under the water.
01:16:37But even after a while, they still can't realize what a terrible catastrophe they've just experienced.
01:16:43Sometime later, people began to write books about those fateful events.
01:16:47They made documentaries and feature films.
01:16:50The news about the Titanic was in every newspaper.
01:16:53It spread all over the world.
01:16:55In any description of that day, the tragedy looks like a terrible disaster.
01:17:00But those who were there admit they didn't feel all-consuming dread.
01:17:05They just couldn't believe what was happening that day.
01:17:08The tragedy of the Titanic might seem more terrible for people who heard about it than for people who experienced it.
01:17:15Many people around the world refused to go on board large ocean liners after the catastrophe.
01:17:20They were afraid of what could happen to them.
01:17:23At the same time, a lot of passengers who survived on the Titanic continued to travel by other ships.
01:17:29There was a woman who survived three shipwrecks, including the Titanic, and she still continued traveling.
01:17:35And what if people tried to raise the Titanic from the seafloor?
01:17:39This happened many years after the shipwreck.
01:17:42Then, the $5 million operation failed.
01:17:45Nylon slings were attached to a large part of the sunken ship.
01:17:49The other ends of the slings were connected to diesel engines.
01:17:52For the entire operation, a mini-submarine was used.
01:17:56A piece of the Titanic, weighing 21 tons, was being pulled up when one of the slings tore.
01:18:02And then, one by one, the other cables began to snap too.
01:18:06The huge piece of the ship fell back to the seafloor.
01:18:09By that time, the participants of the rescue operation had run out of food supplies.
01:18:14And since the nearest shore was quite far away, they decided not to give it another try.
01:18:20It was the start of 1912.
01:18:23A giant chunk of ice broke off a glacier in southwest Greenland.
01:18:28The ice was made up of snow that had fallen thousands of years before the event,
01:18:33perhaps as far back as when mammoths still roamed the Earth.
01:18:37The iceberg started its journey.
01:18:39It was a huge thing, more than 1,700 feet long and weighing over 75 million tons.
01:18:46It was also a very peaceful chunk of ice.
01:18:49It steered clear of ships and busy transport routes.
01:18:52And then, it somehow floated much further south than other bergs did.
01:18:57Our iceberg was lucky.
01:18:59Others melt long before they get to these low latitudes.
01:19:02Out of up to 30,000 icebergs that drift away from Greenland's glaciers,
01:19:06only 1% ever make it all the way to the Atlantic.
01:19:10Even after melting into the water for months,
01:19:13this massive block of ice was still almost twice as heavy as the Golden Gate Bridge.
01:19:19The iceberg's top part was towering 10 stories over the ocean's surface.
01:19:24Several days before our iceberg made it to the Atlantic Ocean,
01:19:28a magnificent ship left port.
01:19:30It was a luxury liner, carrying more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.
01:19:35At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.
01:19:39It was the Titanic.
01:19:41The collisions happened on April 14th,
01:19:44when the ship was in the North Atlantic, 370 miles away from Newfoundland.
01:19:49Unable to divert its course, the ship ruptured at least five of its hull compartments.
01:19:54They started to fill with water at an alarming speed.
01:19:58The Titanic's compartments weren't capped at the top.
01:20:01That's why the water spilled over and started to flood each succeeding one.
01:20:06The front of the ship began to sink, causing the back part to lift vertically into the air.
01:20:12And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.
01:20:16The rest is history.
01:20:18But what happened to the iceberg after that?
01:20:21On April 15th, the German ocean liner SS Prinz Aldebert was sailing through the North Atlantic.
01:20:28It was traveling a few miles away from the place where the Titanic had sunk several hours prior.
01:20:34The German ship's chief steward, who hadn't learned about the disaster yet, saw an iceberg.
01:20:40What drew his attention was a large streak of red paint going along the iceberg's base.
01:20:46Surprised, the man took a photo of his discovery.
01:20:49He thought the paint meant a ship had hit the iceberg within the past 12 hours.
01:20:54The next person who saw the iceberg, and took another photo of it,
01:20:58was the captain of a vessel laying deep-sea telecommunication cables.
01:21:02The ship was sent to help in the area where the Titanic had sunk.
01:21:06The captain later claimed the iceberg he'd seen had been the only one in that area.
01:21:11Plus the red paint.
01:21:13It wasn't difficult to connect the dots.
01:21:16In 2015, one of these photos sold at auction for over $32,000.
01:21:22And still, experts are unsure whether the image really shows the infamous block of ice.
01:21:28It might be a simple iceberg that had been floating nearby at that time.
01:21:32The great, unsinkable ship was gone.
01:21:35Sunken to the bottom of the North Atlantic, where it remains to this day.
01:21:40But the iceberg continued on its way, perplexing a few witnesses,
01:21:44and slowly melting into the surrounding water.
01:21:47It would vanish completely before the end of the year.
01:21:52When the Titanic began its fateful voyage, it weighed about 52,000 tons.
01:21:58Now, how did they even get it into the water in the first place?
01:22:02Step 1. Find tons of soap and natural fat.
01:22:06Step 2. Dump it all over the ramp in front of the Titanic, like a monster slip and slide.
01:22:12They even put grease all over the outside of the ship
01:22:15to make sure it didn't get scratched, dented, or even rip open.
01:22:19Just like that, the Titanic plopped softly into the water,
01:22:23and the workers and owners breathed a sigh of relief.
01:22:26At least that part went well.
01:22:28When they built the Aswan Dam in Egypt,
01:22:31they needed to clear out a huge area for the new artificial lake.
01:22:35Almost 100,000 people had to move out of their homes.
01:22:38That was the easy part.
01:22:40Engineers now had to try to move two huge ancient Egyptian temples,
01:22:45or they'd be lost underwater forever.
01:22:48The answer? Thousands of engineers and builders.
01:22:51The temples were built into a mountain,
01:22:54but first, they had to detach it using bulldozers and jackhammers.
01:22:58Then, they had to take it all apart, like a humongous Lego project.
01:23:03Statues, roofs, walls, sculptures. Pretty sweet Lego set.
01:23:08Then, they cut the temples into bite-sized bits, over a thousand of them.
01:23:12Each one weighed the same as three elephants.
01:23:15So, where did they put it all back together?
01:23:18On the same mountain, just 200 feet higher.
01:23:21It took five years and about $300 million in today's money.
01:23:26I think even the pharaohs would've been impressed.
01:23:29Say you're thirsty, so you grab a glass of water.
01:23:33But where does that water come from?
01:23:35In Saudi Arabia, it comes from salt water.
01:23:38You just need to get the salt out, no biggie.
01:23:41That calls for an evaporator.
01:23:44Saudi Arabia's machine brings fresh water to 300,000 people.
01:23:48Not bad for so much desert.
01:23:50The evaporator weighs 5,000 tons, and it's pretty big.
01:23:54Like 10 basketball courts big.
01:23:57They hired a special ship to bring it from Vietnam to Saudi Arabia.
01:24:01But even that was too small.
01:24:03After making the ship a little bigger, and making a successful cross-continent journey,
01:24:08the evaporator finally touched down in the Middle East.
01:24:11Then, it was easy. Just grab 30 tractor-trailers and pull.
01:24:16Pretty impressive, but the largest thing ever moved on Earth is way bigger.
01:24:21Enter the Norwegian Trolley gas production platform.
01:24:25It weighs more than a Titanic and is way taller than the Empire State Building.
01:24:30But the engineers weren't scared, even though they had to drag the thing 120 miles from shore.
01:24:36They hooked up 10 powerful boats and pulled it along for a week.
01:24:40That thing cost $1 billion to make, so they had to be careful.
01:24:45The boats were actually pulling it in all directions to keep it steady,
01:24:49then slowly making their way out to sea.
01:24:52Once it got there, its four powerful legs were secured with concrete,
01:24:56about as much as you'd use to build 200,000 houses.
01:25:00That part of the sea can be quite rough, so they had to make sure it wouldn't move at all.
01:25:05Natural gas can set on fire, even in the middle of the sea.
01:25:10You gotta move out of town, but you're used to your house, your big kitchen, cozy fireplace.
01:25:15No problem! Take your home with you!
01:25:18About 500 years ago, an Italian architect was constructing the local city's administration building.
01:25:24But the local church bell tower was getting in the way.
01:25:28The solution? Pick up the tower and move it!
01:25:31The architect built a wooden frame around the tower
01:25:34and shifted it using ropes, blocks, and a lot of people power.
01:25:39Since then, a lot of buildings have been moved around,
01:25:42but what happened in China changed everything.
01:25:45In 2004, engineers shifted the Fugang building about 120 feet.
01:25:51It was the heaviest building ever moved, but it only took 11 days.
01:25:56They worked day and night to get it done so fast.
01:25:5910,000 years ago, a meteorite fell on Greenland.
01:26:03It was the only source of iron for the local people,
01:26:06who started breaking pieces off to make knives, harpoons, arrowheads, and even jewelry.
01:26:12Talk about good luck!
01:26:14Over time, the locals split the meteorite, named Cape York, into a bunch of pieces.
01:26:19Arctic explorer Robert Perry wanted to bring the biggest piece back to the US.
01:26:24So, how do you move 30 tons of space rock without trucks or paved roads?
01:26:30Plus, it's 1897 and freezing cold!
01:26:34It took 3 years, but he did it!
01:26:37He ended up building a railway with a special platform to pull it to the nearest shore.
01:26:42It was the first and last railway in Greenland.
01:26:46Perry sold the meteorite for $40,000.
01:26:49Today, that would be about a million.
01:26:52In 2012, artist Michael Heizer erected a 340-ton boulder
01:26:57over the entrance to the LA County Museum of Art.
01:27:01It was called Levitating Mass.
01:27:04Installing it was easy.
01:27:05Getting it there? Not so much.
01:27:07They had to use a 290-foot trailer and 6 different trucks.
01:27:12They only drove at night 100 miles through 22 cities.
01:27:16The most insane part? It ended up costing $10 million.
01:27:21The Swedish ship Vasa, built about 400 years ago, was almost a celebrity.
01:27:27People were amazed by its size, beautiful decoration, and gold sculptures.
01:27:32First time out to sea, it sank.
01:27:35Why? A gust of wind. Oops.
01:27:38Anyway, about 80 years ago, they decided to pull it out.
01:27:42One plan was to fill it with ping-pong balls and freeze it in a block of ice.
01:27:47But instead, they just tied some ropes around it
01:27:50and used 18 lifts to drag it along the seabed to a shallow area.
01:27:54From there, it was pretty easy to lift it out.
01:27:57It was mostly made of wood, not much metal.
01:28:00The ship survived quite well because of the cold seawater, and even floated by itself.
01:28:06The shuttle Endeavour flew 25 missions into space.
01:28:10And in 2012, NASA decided it deserved a break.
01:28:15Its retirement home would be the California Science Center.
01:28:18The massive shuttle was loaded onto trailers and driven through L.A.
01:28:23at the amazing speed of 2 miles per hour.
01:28:27It was the first and probably last time that a spaceship would drive through a big city.
01:28:32They had to clear a pretty big path and ended up chopping down a lot of pesky things
01:28:37like lampposts, traffic lights, power lines, even over 400 trees.
01:28:42But don't worry, they raised a lot of money from the whole thing,
01:28:45enough to plant over 800 new trees.
01:28:49The Statue of Liberty wasn't built in the USA.
01:28:52It was built in France.
01:28:54After 9 years of hard work and a serious amount of copper and iron,
01:28:58she was ready to be given to the United States as a token of friendship.
01:29:03Sending it by mail would take way too much bubble wrap,
01:29:06so they decided to ship it instead.
01:29:09The statue was cut into 350 pieces, loaded into crates, and shipped over to New York.
01:29:15It took them 4 months to assemble all the pieces back together.
01:29:19Talk about Humpty Dumpty!
01:29:21Meet Bagger 288, a self-propelled excavator and the largest land transport on the planet.
01:29:27This beast can shift thousands of cars worth of dirt a day.
01:29:32It finished work in one quarry and had to move on to another.
01:29:35Taking it apart, shipping it, and putting it back together would've been ridiculous.
01:29:40So, it just drove over there.
01:29:43It took 3 weeks and only moved at half a mile per hour.
01:29:47To stop it from wrecking everything it drove over,
01:29:50engineers walked ahead, planting grass and covering roads with gravel and dirt.
01:29:55Now, you're walking down the street in France,
01:29:58see a couple of cafes, maybe a nice bakery,
01:30:01and the world's largest gas turbine, named Harriet.
01:30:05Harriet's job? Keep the lights on in over 700,000 French homes.
01:30:10This mammoth turbine weighs as much as 2 jumbo jets
01:30:14and had to travel through France, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
01:30:19Hey, let's go Dutch!
01:30:22The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is made up of more than 2 million huge blocks of stone.
01:30:29No trailers, no tractors, just some good old-fashioned muscle power.
01:30:34Each block weighs more than 2.5 tons, that's like 30 of me.
01:30:38These guys didn't even have strong metals like iron or steel.
01:30:42They mostly used pieces of wood and stone hammers.
01:30:46You remember those heartbreaking scenes from the Titanic,
01:30:49either from books or movies, right?
01:30:51You know, the ones where the boat was sinking,
01:30:54and there's nothing anyone could've done about it.
01:30:57Well, it turns out that that story isn't entirely true.
01:31:01At least, according to a historian and author of a book
01:31:05detailing events from that unlucky ship.
01:31:08If what he claims is true, every soul on the Titanic could've been saved.
01:31:13He wrote that the SS Californian and the SS Mount Temple
01:31:17were close enough to technically see the Titanic go down into the ocean,
01:31:22but they failed to act because they were afraid.
01:31:25Or because they too had no idea what they were doing.
01:31:31Nobody thought the Titanic could ever sink back then.
01:31:34And it had everything you could imagine,
01:31:37from luxury lounges to a Turkish bath and even a squash court.
01:31:41But as it was racing through the ocean,
01:31:44ready to break the Atlantic Crossing record,
01:31:46it hit an iceberg, and everything went downhill from there.
01:31:50A lot of ships wanted to help the sinking vessel
01:31:53and shifted their direction toward the Titanic
01:31:56after hearing the distress calls.
01:31:58But the two closest ships held back.
01:32:01The SS Mount Temple, for starters, was really close.
01:32:05It was a mere 50 miles away
01:32:07and could've reached the Titanic in just a couple of hours,
01:32:10potentially saving every passenger.
01:32:13However, its captain believed such a journey would be too risky.
01:32:17I mean, it did involve icebergs, right?
01:32:21There's nothing we can do about it these days.
01:32:24But we can use our imagination
01:32:27and at least save the day, theoretically.
01:32:30Your average Joe might have had a difficult time
01:32:33helping people out on the Titanic.
01:32:35But what if we could ask for the help of superheroes?
01:32:41Well, for starters, it would be useful to have someone
01:32:44with time-traveling skills, right?
01:32:46They could go back in time
01:32:48and alert the crew that an iceberg is pretty close
01:32:51and they should move the ship away from its path as soon as possible.
01:32:55Or, even better, go even further back in time
01:32:59and alert the captain of the ship
01:33:01not to proceed with the journey to begin with.
01:33:03Let me tell you, there were a lot of things
01:33:05that could've been done better with the Titanic.
01:33:09First of all, the crew had no access to binoculars.
01:33:13If they could've had this crucial piece of equipment,
01:33:16they might've spotted the iceberg in due course,
01:33:19at least limiting the damage or avoiding the collision altogether.
01:33:23And don't get me started on the lifeboats.
01:33:26Because they wanted the ship to look as luxurious as possible,
01:33:29there was little space left for those much-needed lifeboats
01:33:33that could've saved so many lives.
01:33:35Although there were 2,200 people on board,
01:33:38the lifeboats could only save 1,200 people.
01:33:43What about flight?
01:33:45Would a flying superhero have been able to help avoid this tragedy?
01:33:49I'd bet it would have.
01:33:51This superhero could've surveyed the area,
01:33:53especially during the night when there's low visibility to begin with.
01:33:57More so, the hero might've helped with alerting nearby ships faster
01:34:01that something went wrong with the Titanic
01:34:04and that help is needed to make sure no one gets hurt.
01:34:07If someone on board might've been able to fly,
01:34:10maybe they could've airlifted a bunch of passengers to safety too.
01:34:16Laser vision? Now that would've been cool.
01:34:19A person with laser vision would've pulverized that iceberg in no time.
01:34:24Instead of shivering in the dark that fateful night in April 1912,
01:34:28people would've enjoyed a nice chilled drink on the deck the next morning,
01:34:32courtesy of some harmless leftover ice still hanging around on the ship.
01:34:37Okay, okay, maybe this person with laser vision
01:34:40wouldn't have been powerful enough to split the iceberg in half
01:34:44so that the Titanic could pass safely.
01:34:46Well, they could've at least helped open the locked room
01:34:49containing the binoculars, that's for sure.
01:34:54Someone with superhuman strength?
01:34:56Yeah, that might've surely helped too.
01:34:59They could've placed themselves between the ship and the iceberg,
01:35:02preventing the collision from happening.
01:35:04If, say, they just happened to be snoozing
01:35:07when the Titanic hit the huge block of ice, no biggie.
01:35:10They would've simply kept the Titanic afloat
01:35:13until nearby ships came around to rescue all the people on board.
01:35:19If you'd have had underwater breathing abilities,
01:35:22you'd have at least been able to save yourself on the Titanic.
01:35:26I mean, technically, there's nothing much you could've done differently on the boat.
01:35:30Maybe you could've saved a bunch of other passengers,
01:35:33but only if you were strong enough to keep them afloat
01:35:36while you comfortably swam completely underwater.
01:35:40If a person on board had been able to control the elements,
01:35:44that would've been amazing.
01:35:46Not only would it have saved a lot, if not all, of the passengers,
01:35:50it would've been fascinating to watch.
01:35:52Such a superhero would've been able to keep water away
01:35:55from the Titanic's injuries after it hit the iceberg.
01:35:59If they were agile enough and had seen the iceberg before it hit the ship,
01:36:03they could've transformed the big block of ice into water
01:36:07with just the snap of a finger.
01:36:11If we look at the records from that night,
01:36:13everything happened very fast with the Titanic.
01:36:16Wouldn't it have been nice to have someone on board who could slow down time?
01:36:21For the sake of the story,
01:36:23let's also imagine this person had a finely-tuned intuition.
01:36:27They could've sensed something was wrong by the way the air smelled
01:36:31or by the reaction of the crew when the iceberg was first spotted.
01:36:35With a simple gesture of their hands,
01:36:37they would've slowed down time almost to the point of stillness.
01:36:41They could've checked the records from the ship,
01:36:44its unusually fast speed,
01:36:46and could've alerted the captain to decide in time.
01:36:49The Titanic could've been stopped
01:36:51or it could've been diverted away from the iceberg.
01:36:56A superhero with night vision would've been useful too.
01:37:00At least the superhero would've spotted the iceberg sooner than everyone else.
01:37:04Given that the hero could've seen a lot better in low-light conditions,
01:37:08that hero would've probably better managed the rescue efforts that disastrous night.
01:37:15Invisibility?
01:37:17Would this superpower have saved the Titanic from sinking to the bottom of the Atlantic?
01:37:21I could think of a possible scenario or two.
01:37:24Anyone with the power to become invisible whenever they want to
01:37:28would've probably gone snooping around the ship.
01:37:31I mean, you have to remember,
01:37:33the Titanic had some of the most important members of society on board.
01:37:37It wasn't just any regular boat.
01:37:39It was probably buzzing with the latest gossip.
01:37:42In between all that mundane information,
01:37:45this superhero could've overheard the captain saying
01:37:48they were going faster than they should have,
01:37:50or that there weren't enough lifeboats to save everyone
01:37:53in case there was a major problem.
01:37:55Who knows what this curious superhero might've done with all this information.
01:38:01Some sort of sorcerer would've saved the Titanic if they were on board, I'm sure.
01:38:06There has to be some sort of magic spell in a book out there
01:38:09that's useful for sinking ships, right?
01:38:12Maybe one that could've helped weld the metal back together
01:38:16after it got hit by the iceberg.
01:38:18Or maybe one that could've airlifted the entire vessel to safety after it got hit.
01:38:23How about a spell that would've transformed the Titanic into a submarine,
01:38:27creating a protective layer around it,
01:38:29so it could comfortably move under the sea.
01:38:32That surely would've been cool,
01:38:34and would've offered passengers a truly unique experience.
01:38:38The ability to speak to animals, or fish,
01:38:41would've certainly been useful, too.
01:38:43Even if all else failed,
01:38:45so the Titanic would've still struck the iceberg,
01:38:48and it would've still been filled with water and ended up near the seabed,
01:38:51people could've still been saved.
01:38:54That's because you'd've had someone on board
01:38:56who could've instructed dolphins to carry people to safety.
01:39:00I'm sure those intelligent creatures would've been happy to help.
01:39:04It seems like we all cried
01:39:06watching the heartbreaking goodbye of Jack and Rose from the Titanic.
01:39:10Oops, spoiler, sorry.
01:39:12But the real-life stories from the sinking of the famous ship
01:39:15were no less touching.
01:39:17Joseph Laroche was born in 1886 in Haiti to a wealthy family.
01:39:22He was growing up without a dad,
01:39:24but his mother was a self-made woman and a respected merchant.
01:39:28His uncle was the head of his country.
01:39:30Joseph was fluent in French, Creole, and English.
01:39:33At the age of 15, Joseph realized he wanted to become an engineer.
01:39:38There were no engineering schools in Haiti,
01:39:40so he moved to France to get his education.
01:39:43The journey took him a whopping 83 days.
01:39:46Still in his student years,
01:39:48Joseph met Juliet in a suburb of Paris through a mentor.
01:39:52They soon became friends, and then it grew into something bigger.
01:39:55The couple decided to get married.
01:39:58There was only one problem.
01:40:00Joseph couldn't find a well-paid qualified job
01:40:03even after completing his studies because of racial discrimination.
01:40:07The intelligent young man realized he could do better.
01:40:10Plus, he needed to provide for his growing family.
01:40:13His third kid was on the way.
01:40:15His uncle back in Haiti promised he'd help Joseph
01:40:18secure a job as a mathematics professor.
01:40:21His mother was overjoyed that her son and his family would be living in Haiti.
01:40:26She bought them first-class tickets for the French liner La France as a reunion gift.
01:40:31But that liner had really weird rules
01:40:34separating parents from their offspring for meals.
01:40:37The La Roches didn't want to leave their youngsters
01:40:40and make them feel sad on a trip across the ocean.
01:40:43So they decided to trade their first-class tickets for La France
01:40:47and second-class tickets for RMS Titanic's maiden voyage.
01:40:51The Titanic was all the hype, and it didn't separate families.
01:40:55So it looked like a great deal.
01:40:57They planned a change for another ship in New York
01:41:00that would take them straight to their final destination in Haiti.
01:41:04The family boarded the Titanic on April 10, 1912, at Cherbourg.
01:41:09They had three days to enjoy the luxurious staterooms,
01:41:12a dining salon, a library, and three outdoor promenade decks
01:41:16available to second-class passengers.
01:41:19Juliet sent a letter to her father from Titanic's final stop in Queenstown, Ireland.
01:41:24She told him they were more than happy with the accommodation.
01:41:27They had two bunks in their cabin
01:41:29and a couch that converted into a bed for their youngest family members.
01:41:33The family made friends with some nice co-passengers
01:41:36with whom they had traveled together from Paris.
01:41:39She thought they had been the only other French people on board,
01:41:42so they sat together for meals.
01:41:44Juliet mentioned they had all spent time together on the deck of the liner.
01:41:48She also wrote the people on board were friendly,
01:41:51although some sources say the family had gone through
01:41:54quite a lot of mean stares, gossip, and remarks.
01:41:58On the night of April 14, their exciting journey came to an abrupt end.
01:42:03Even though Titanic's wireless operators had received warnings
01:42:06about drifting ice from nearby ships,
01:42:09the liner continued to plow ahead at full throttle.
01:42:13It was around 11.40 p.m. when Titanic's hull collided with the iceberg
01:42:18around 370 miles off the coast of Newfoundland.
01:42:22The practically unsinkable ship was severely under-equipped with lifeboats,
01:42:26enough for only about half of its 2,200 passengers.
01:42:30The nearest rescue ship, the Carpathia, was too far away to help.
01:42:35A steward woke up the LaRoche family and took them to the lifeboats,
01:42:38as Juliet remembered later.
01:42:40She couldn't speak any English,
01:42:42so everything that was going on seemed even scarier to her.
01:42:46A little after midnight, the crew received the order to give priority
01:42:50to women and children when boarding the lifeboats.
01:42:53Juliet later remembered a terrible panic had begun
01:42:56as people had been pushing each other to get to the desired seat.
01:43:00At some point, she felt they had pulled away her older daughter
01:43:04and thrown her into the abyss.
01:43:06A moment later, she had joined her Simone in the same emptiness.
01:43:09So, pregnant Juliet and her two daughters got spots in lifeboat 14.
01:43:15But they had to say goodbye to Joseph as the boat was being lowered into the sea.
01:43:20He wrapped his coat around Juliet, saying she'd need it,
01:43:23and promised to get in another lifeboat and see her and the little ones again in New York.
01:43:29The 25-year-old Joseph LaRoche didn't manage to stay true to his word.
01:43:33In a couple of hours, Titanic sank underwater,
01:43:36taking the lives of almost 1,500 people.
01:43:40Joseph was one of them.
01:43:42Juliet and the girls were among the 700 survivors
01:43:46who had been rescued by the Cunard Liner Carpathia several hours later.
01:43:50Once they reached New York, they were looking through the crowds of people,
01:43:54hoping to see Joseph again.
01:43:56When it became obvious they wouldn't find him,
01:43:58it was time for them to decide what to do and where to go.
01:44:03Without any knowledge of English or money that had gone down with the ship,
01:44:07Juliet managed to survive in America only for three weeks
01:44:11and then had no other choice but to go back to France.
01:44:15Joseph's uncle was no longer able to help them,
01:44:17as others had taken his life four months after the Titanic tragedy.
01:44:22In December 1912, Juliet gave birth to a son who she named Joseph after his father.
01:44:29For the rest of her life, she couldn't get over the loss of her beloved husband.
01:44:33That's why she didn't like to speak about what had happened on Titanic
01:44:37and told her children not to mention it.
01:44:40In 1995, a member of the Titanic Historical Society interviewed Louise,
01:44:46who was the last remaining La Roche child and the last French survivor of the sinking.
01:44:51And that's when the world first heard about this heartbreaking story.
01:44:55It inspired some plays and articles,
01:44:58but it never got the same attention as the story of other passengers.
01:45:02You probably remember the elderly couple going down together in their bed on the Titanic.
01:45:07It was inspired by Isidore and Ida Strauss.
01:45:11They were both born in Germany and emigrated to the United States as kids.
01:45:15They met in New York and got married five years later.
01:45:18Isidore started a china and porcelain business with his brother
01:45:22that grew into the glassware department at Macy's and turned them into multimillionaires.
01:45:27Isidore and Ida were well-known in New York,
01:45:30not only for their wealth and charity, but also for their love and devotion to each other.
01:45:35In 1912, the couple decided to run away from the New York winters and headed for Europe.
01:45:41By that time, they'd already been married for 40 years.
01:45:45In early April, it was time for them to sail back home to New York.
01:45:49They normally traveled on huge German liners,
01:45:52but at that time, they couldn't resist the hype of everyone talking about that new luxury liner, the RMS Titanic.
01:46:00That's how they ended up in one of the first-class private suites at the top of the ship.
01:46:05The Strauss couple spent their evenings dining in front of a live orchestra
01:46:09in a hall filled with fancy furniture and expensive wooden paneling.
01:46:14On the night of April 14, they felt a slight tremor
01:46:18and then left their private suite and waited for instructions from the crew.
01:46:22They told the passengers not to lose their passes, as they'd need them when everyone got back on board.
01:46:28But the ship was going under. The Strauss couple were standing next to lifeboat 8.
01:46:33Mr. Strauss, who was 67 at the time, was offered a seat with his wife because of his age.
01:46:39He refused it, saying he was not too old to sacrifice himself for a woman.
01:46:44He wanted to wait and make sure no women and kids were left behind.
01:46:48Ellen Bird, Ida's maid, hesitated before getting on the lifeboat.
01:46:53But Ida told her to go. She took the easy decision not to leave her husband on the sinking ship.
01:46:59Ida took off her beautiful mink coat and handed it to her shivering maid, saying she wouldn't be needing it anymore.
01:47:07Isidore didn't manage to convince her to save herself, so they stayed together till the end.
01:47:13Some of the surviving first-class passengers later remembered they had seen the couple standing peacefully on the deck,
01:47:20holding hands, just waiting.
01:47:26It was 11.39 at night when the Titanic's lookout shouted,
01:47:30Iceberg, right ahead!
01:47:32Swift action on the bridge to reduce speed and change the ship's course didn't help.
01:47:37And you already know how the story ends.
01:47:40Since then, we've regarded what happened to Titanic as a once-in-a-lifetime event.
01:47:45Is it, though?
01:47:47The Titanic sank in 1912.
01:47:50Forget about fancy GPSs or weather satellites.
01:47:53At the time, ships were responsible for warning each other about the location of icebergs,
01:47:59like a, hey man, trust me on this, situation.
01:48:02Then the Titanic disaster happened.
01:48:05To call it a disaster is an understatement,
01:48:08so specialists felt the need to form an organization to avoid this kind of accident happening again.
01:48:14That's why, a year later, they created the International Ice Patrol, or IIP for short.
01:48:23Up to this day, this group has been responsible for giving ships advanced warnings about ice threats.
01:48:29IIP improved their methods over the years, from ship reports and aircraft patrols to satellite images.
01:48:35Recently, they've also been using oceanographic buoys,
01:48:39floating devices providing real-time information about ocean conditions
01:48:43up to 164 feet below the surface to predict the potential drift of icebergs.
01:48:49Luckily, IIP is doing an excellent job in reducing ship iceberg collisions.
01:48:54But don't get too comfortable,
01:48:56because even the most advanced detection equipment can't entirely avoid an unfortunate situation.
01:49:02Between 1980 and 2005, there were 57 incidents involving vessels and icebergs.
01:49:09And the chilling truth is that today's ships are more likely to run into an iceberg than the Titanic was.
01:49:17Studies have shown that 1,038 icebergs crossed the area where the Titanic sank back in 1912.
01:49:24You might think that's a lot, but scientists say it's not really a big deal.
01:49:29I mean, yeah, it's on the higher side,
01:49:31but there have been 14 years with even more iceberg activity since then.
01:49:35Nowadays, the number of icebergs is going up due to the accelerated melting of Greenland's glaciers.
01:49:43And since more ships are heading into polar waters,
01:49:47the chances of ships bumping into icebergs are higher.
01:49:51But the real danger for captains is invisible enemies called growlers and burgey bits.
01:49:59Growlers are these small icebergs that can be the size of a regular door.
01:50:04And burgey bits are also considered small, measuring around the size of a school bus.
01:50:09These icebergs might seem harmless,
01:50:11but they're actually tricky since they can be completely invisible to radars or satellites.
01:50:16Let's see what happens when a modern cruise ship as big as the Titanic hits one of these small icebergs.
01:50:23Meet the Norwegian Sun, a luxurious cruise ship like Titanic,
01:50:27as it has the capacity to accommodate 2,400 passengers and more than 900 crew members.
01:50:34On July 2022, this cruise ship was on its way to Hubbard Glacier in Alaska
01:50:39when it found itself in the middle of a dense fog.
01:50:43Suddenly, passengers felt an impact and were terrified as the ship experienced a severe jolt.
01:50:49The fog immediately cleared and they realized what had happened.
01:50:53The Norwegian Sun had collided with an iceberg of the growler type.
01:50:57But the outcome was entirely different from Titanic.
01:51:01Thankfully, there were no injuries, and both the passengers and staff reached the Alaskan docks safely.
01:51:07Expert divers checked the condition of the boat,
01:51:10and they discovered that the ship had suffered some damage after the collision.
01:51:14So, the rest of the trip was cancelled.
01:51:19Don't stress about packing for your next trip across the Atlantic
01:51:22because accidents like the one with the Norwegian Sun are really rare.
01:51:26I mean, it's common for ships to encounter ice,
01:51:29but what's unusual is for it to be a problem.
01:51:32Most modern cruise ships wouldn't get physically damaged by an iceberg,
01:51:36and there's a reason for that.
01:51:38You see, the steel used in the Titanic also played a significant role in the disaster.
01:51:44The unsinkable ship, after all, was not so impact-resistant.
01:51:49Back then, the Titanic's hull was constructed using around 2,000 steel plates,
01:51:54which are believed to have been produced in an open-hearth furnace.
01:51:58As a result, the steel contained a high concentration of phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur.
01:52:04High levels of these elements make steel brittle at low temperatures, causing it to fail upon impact.
01:52:10While the steel used on the Titanic was of the highest quality available at the time,
01:52:16it wouldn't meet the safety standards of modern ships,
01:52:19and it was approximately 10 times less safe than what today's vessels use.
01:52:25But the most significant difference between the design of the Titanic and a modern ship
01:52:30lies in how the hull is put together.
01:52:33You see, the Titanic was built using over 3 million rivets for its hull and upper deck structure.
01:52:39So, when it struck the iceberg, the rivets started a chain reaction,
01:52:43causing the entire section of the hull to collapse simultaneously,
01:52:47causing an uncontrollable flood of water.
01:52:51In contrast, modern ships use a method called submerged arc welding,
01:52:55which fuses the edges of metal pieces together, creating a strong and continuous bond.
01:53:01This is safer because if any part of the ship gets damaged,
01:53:05the tear doesn't spread, making things worse.
01:53:08The damage remains contained within that section.
01:53:11Ok, so small icebergs are becoming more common, and vessels have been adapted to deal with them.
01:53:17But there's still one more scenario to consider.
01:53:20What if a huge cruise ship hit an iceberg the size of a 5-story building?
01:53:26Imagine we've just created the world's largest cruise ship on the planet.
01:53:31Let's call it the Bright Seaside.
01:53:34Our floating resort is massive, 4 times the size of the Statue of Liberty.
01:53:39It's longer than the Titanic by 318 feet and carries about 3 times more passengers and crew.
01:53:46And just like the Titanic, our fictional ship can cruise at a top speed of around 23 knots.
01:53:53Now picture this scenario.
01:53:55The Bright Seaside is cruising at full speed in freezing waters.
01:53:59It's the middle of the night, and the captain doesn't realize
01:54:02that all the iceberg-detecting equipment on board isn't functioning.
01:54:06It stopped working 3 days ago.
01:54:09It's very foggy out there, and the lookout also fails to spot a 45-foot-tall iceberg.
01:54:15If that whole situation played out, and the ship smacked into the iceberg head-on,
01:54:20well, it could potentially lead to a sinking.
01:54:23But you can see how unlikely that is, right?
01:54:26That's why experts are quite confident in saying that ice isn't likely to sink modern cruise ships.
01:54:32It's also worth mentioning that safety measures have improved a lot since Titanic.
01:54:37A modern large vessel can take days to sink, which provides enough time to keep everyone safe.
01:54:44Crews are definitely better prepared to handle evacuation procedures,
01:54:48and passengers should also go through safety training before cruising.
01:54:52I know, I know, it is annoying to do that when all you want to do is drink a lemonade
01:54:57or some other beverage by the pool.
01:54:59But, you know, all these safety tips are what saved the MS Explorer from becoming a modern Titanic.
01:55:07You see, back in 2007, all 154 people on board this Antarctic cruise ship
01:55:14managed to get into lifeboats after the ship hit an iceberg.
01:55:18Now imagine their panic as they waited for help for 4 hours.
01:55:22The crew did an excellent job in keeping everybody safe, no doubt.
01:55:26But a report that came out 2 years later said that the MS Explorer accident had happened
01:55:32because of the inexperience of the captain who had pushed the ship too fast
01:55:36into a wall of ice in the freezing waters of Antarctica.
01:55:40That means that no matter how much tech a ship's got or how fancy its materials are,
01:55:46if you've got a careless captain and a crew that doesn't know how to handle an iceberg hit,
01:55:50yep, a disaster similar to Titanic could happen again.
01:55:54But hey, you shouldn't stress over it.
01:55:57Trust the professionals and keep in mind the odds.
01:56:00In the last 30 years, the MS Explorer was the only cruise ship that sank thanks to an iceberg,
01:56:06and everyone survived.
01:56:08So kick back and enjoy your sea vacation.
01:56:13More than 25 million people boarded cruise ships globally back in 2017.
01:56:18It may not seem like a lot, but that's more than the total population of Belgium.
01:56:23It's a great vacation alternative with an added bonus.
01:56:27You can sample various different destinations for future time off in one single trip.
01:56:33If you've already booked a trip on a cruise ship, but you still have no idea what you should pack,
01:56:38start with some research on your specific cruise location.
01:56:42Either way, be sure to bring deck-friendly shoes that are low-heeled.
01:56:46Also, add a pair that's comfortable to walk on larger distances for the days spent ashore.
01:56:52Depending on the season, you might want to add a few swimsuits too.
01:56:56If you're on any type of medication, make sure you bring it with you in its original packaging.
01:57:02If you're a light packer, don't worry.
01:57:04Most cruise ships come equipped with laundry rooms.
01:57:07They're kind of pricey, especially if you want your garments to be washed, ironed, and folded for you.
01:57:12But it does save you the extra hassle of packing more clothes or washing them for yourself.
01:57:19It's really important that you check in with your credit card company before boarding a ship.
01:57:23More so, if your itinerary includes one or more foreign countries.
01:57:28Your credit card might get frozen if there's any unusual activity on your account.
01:57:33Most of these companies have algorithms that get triggered once there are charges from different countries in rapid succession.
01:57:40Which is exactly what you'll be doing on a cruise ship.
01:57:43Letting them know beforehand saves you the embarrassment of having your card declined at some fancy restaurant.
01:57:53To make sure you get the best room, before booking it, check out the ship's deck plan.
01:57:59It should be available on their website.
01:58:01If it's peace and tranquility you're looking for, don't go for the rooms directly above or below any of the ship's entertainment points.
01:58:09Also, if you have a history of getting seasick, try to skip the rooms that are available at the front of the ship.
01:58:15Rather, go for those located in the middle of the ship on a lower deck.
01:58:19You'll feel less movement.
01:58:22If it's your first time going on a cruise, you might be surprised to know that some cabin rooms don't have windows.
01:58:28Before making a reservation, make sure to check out all the amenities of the room you intend to book.
01:58:34Most cruise liners add a bunch of pictures from the common rooms on the reservation pages.
01:58:38And it might be a bit confusing as to what you're getting exactly for that specific price point.
01:58:44Also, some rooms on board are quite small too.
01:58:47If you don't like to sleep in small spaces, you might want to upgrade to a larger room, even if it's a bit pricier.
01:58:54You can always split the cost with a friend if they want to join you on the cruise.
01:58:59With the help of modern technology, even if a specific location doesn't have windows, it doesn't mean you can't watch the waves.
01:59:06How, you might ask?
01:59:08Fancier cruise ships feature a secret added bonus.
01:59:12In the areas with no access to sunlight, specialists have built virtual balconies.
01:59:17These high-tech screens work by showing you what's going on outside in real time.
01:59:22They have an added benefit too.
01:59:24In case of bad weather, guests can still have a feel of the outdoors, without the wind or rain ruining their hair or their outfit.
01:59:32It may not be the real deal, but it still beats getting claustrophobic on board.
01:59:38Planning on going on a budget cruise?
01:59:41It might not be such a bad idea, especially if you're on the lookout for last-minute upgrades.
01:59:46You might even end up vacationing like a millionaire without having to spend money like one.
01:59:52These upgrades sometimes include things like a private balcony in your room, maybe some spa services, or even better prices for high-end meals.
02:00:01If they aren't all booked by the time people board the ship, they might be open for the rest of the passengers for way better prices than initially listed.
02:00:10There might be hidden freebies on board if you pay close attention.
02:00:14Things like complimentary pastries on board late in the morning or a late-night cup of tea on the house might be some of the things offered to guests.
02:00:22You only need to ask.
02:00:24You might want to check out what other tourists are doing.
02:00:27You might want to check out what other tourists are doing.
02:00:30Some people with more experience cruising can offer pretty great tips and tricks.
02:00:35Don't be afraid to start a conversation if you see someone getting something for free.
02:00:41Some cruise ships do go all the way on the fancy dial.
02:00:45They even have exclusive areas designed for guests staying in expensive suites.
02:00:51Most of the time they're located at the top of the ship.
02:00:54On one particular cruise, these types of guests have designated staff members called royal genies, which are similar to butlers.
02:01:02They can cater to just a few cabins.
02:01:05Since the cruise line wants to divert other guests from asking them various questions, which will take time away from their assigned guests, the genies do not wear a name tag in public areas.
02:01:17Most common areas of cruise ships do require travelers to follow a dress code.
02:01:22But if you do your research in advance, you might find that some areas are more relaxed when it comes to what people need to wear.
02:01:29Most cruise ships require people to adhere to smart attire, which means pants with a collared shirt for men, or blouses and skirts, dresses, or stylish pants for the ladies.
02:01:42As for the travel destinations, be sure to research the ports you're about to visit in advance.
02:01:47You'll know what to wear, what the weather will be, and if you need to pack anything else, like an umbrella or a beach towel.
02:01:55Stops on cruises only last for a few hours in most cases, so you'll want to get the most out of them.
02:02:01If that specific location includes museums or art galleries you want to add to your checklist, be sure to book in advance so you don't waste time waiting in lines.
02:02:17Some cruise ships even provide their guests with private tours of the ports they're about to visit.
02:02:22Do make sure to book them in advance if this is something you might be interested in, as the list gets pretty full quite fast.
02:02:30Independent tours are a bit more private. You can spend time with your tour guide and even ask more questions.
02:02:37Always remember to put your phone in airplane mode while on board.
02:02:41Most cruise ship horror stories involve cruising newbies that ended up paying thousands of dollars in cell phone charges while on ships just because they forgot to turn it off.
02:02:51If you're the type of person that can't switch off their phone, be sure to check with your cell phone provider before traveling internationally.
02:02:59Some can provide special plans for limited amounts of time without extra charges.
02:03:04You'll be free to chat, call or browse YouTube videos without worrying you'll end up paying a fortune.
02:03:10Most cruise ships also provide you with complimentary Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi packages that can be purchased in advance, which are way more affordable.
02:03:19You can stick to communicating with your friends and family back home via FaceTime or Skype.
02:03:26People that have heard about the Titanic tragedy will always wonder what might happen if something goes wrong while on board.
02:03:33Let's take lifeboats for instance. The Titanic had a mere 20 lifeboats on board, which were tragically not enough to fit all the passengers after the ship hit the iceberg.
02:03:45Some fancy cruise ships these days have an even lower number of lifeboats, anywhere from 15 to 18.
02:03:52Sound strange? Well, not really, given the fact that each lifeboat can accommodate up to 370 people.
02:04:00Even the largest ships, which have an estimated capacity of 8,000 people if fully booked, including tourists and staff, are safe in case of an emergency.
02:04:16John watched on in disbelief as he drifted away on a piece of wood.
02:04:21In the freezing waters of the Arctic, slowly drifting away, John looked upon the vessel he had worked and lived on as it raised its enormous bow high into the sky and broke in half, causing a sound that only a crack of lightning could replicate.
02:04:37Distraught and dumbstruck, believing that he and he alone knew the dark truth behind the demise of the unsinkable ship, the Titanic.
02:04:47Five days earlier, as the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage, John worked hard alongside his mates in the coal bunker, stocking up the coal to feed the Titanic's mighty furnace.
02:04:58They had stocked and stored more than John had ever witnessed on any other ship he'd worked on.
02:05:03But this was the Titanic, the grandest ship to have ever sailed the seas.
02:05:08On the Titanic, there could never be too much coal.
02:05:12As they left Belfast and pushed toward Southampton, there was a large bang below decks that went unnoticed.
02:05:18The furnace was roaring and the turbines were spinning, pushing the Titanic forward at a quickened pace.
02:05:25The crew cheered as the vessel moved forward, unaware of the loud concerning noise.
02:05:30Arriving in Southampton, Greg came aboard amongst hundreds of other passengers.
02:05:36With 13 years at sea, his vast experience included the role as a quartermaster on six previous ships.
02:05:43Ready for a new challenge aboard the greatest vessel ever made, he was looking forward to this next challenge of his career.
02:05:50Greg came with a wealth of experience, especially with sailing through the Arctic.
02:05:54His role was vital within the crew, understanding the seas around the North Pole.
02:06:00He would be a key lookout as they set to cross the perilous path of the Iceberg Alley.
02:06:06Greg had some concerns regarding the voyage.
02:06:09The Earth's orbit was remarkably close to the sun and the moon, causing higher tides.
02:06:14This would make icebergs more prominent, drifting them further away and towards the route of the Titanic as they journeyed to New York.
02:06:22Assessing the lookout tower and inspecting the available gear, Greg found no binoculars.
02:06:28This made him concerned, but the sailors just laughed at Greg.
02:06:32If the deck is short on ice cubes, we'll be sure to plow right through a berg to resupply.
02:06:37A sailor laughed. Greg didn't share this sentiment.
02:06:41Eager to find out why they had been left shorthanded on equipment, since he had such a vital role on the ship, Greg inquired further.
02:06:49Sadly, the officer with the keys to the binocular supply cupboard had been removed from the crew at the last minute.
02:06:56Greg couldn't believe something of this importance had been overlooked.
02:07:00For such a mighty ship with so many people aboard and crossing in a particularly perilous path, this just didn't make sense.
02:07:08But not wanting to be fined for breaking into the ship's property, Greg let it slide, hoping that they wouldn't need the binoculars in the end.
02:07:16Ultimately, if there were icebergs expected, a warning call would be made to the captain, informing of any concerns.
02:07:23Little did Greg know that a warning had been received, notifying of the dangers that awaited.
02:07:29But the telegram didn't provide the required prefix, which would have ensured direct delivery to the captain.
02:07:35So the critical warning was just overlooked.
02:07:38John and his crew below decks prepared for departure, stoking the engines.
02:07:43He noticed an essence of thick exhaust, far too heavy than what would be expected from the furnaces.
02:07:49The crew searched throughout the lower decks.
02:07:52Following a thorough search, they managed to locate the cause of the exhaust.
02:07:56It was an ignited pile of coal within a coal bunker.
02:08:00Unknown when it had ignited, a buildup of coal had clearly been smoldering, slowly growing in size.
02:08:06The amount of smoldering coal was concerning.
02:08:09The alarm was raised, alerting an officer to review the matter.
02:08:13The officer assessed the damage and confirmed with the captain that it was deemed to be of little concern, as only minor damage had been caused.
02:08:20John was unsure of this assessment, as he knew that in confined spaces, surrounded by iron bulkheads,
02:08:26an oven-like environment arises that intensifies the heat with time.
02:08:31But the Titanic would power forward, making no sense to John, as they had only just departed from Southampton.
02:08:37He was sure they would have turned back.
02:08:39John and his crew were ordered to shovel the already lit coal into the furnace,
02:08:43and continue shoveling until all the smoldering contents would be contained.
02:08:48It was a possible, but painstaking task that could take the entire journey.
02:08:53The continuous intake of coal would ensure the turbines would spin at a constant, accelerated pace,
02:08:58not what the Titanic was designed for.
02:09:01It was meant to be a luxurious passenger liner, and not for breaking speed records.
02:09:06However, the crew would find enthusiasm in not only acknowledging the Titanic as unsinkable, but also as the fastest.
02:09:13John and his crew continued to shovel the coal into the furnace for several days.
02:09:17The temperature within the bow was becoming hotter every day.
02:09:21The bulkhead's contained heat was so severe, that it became weak at the seams in the iron walls and rivets.
02:09:27Two more days, lads, just two more days!
02:09:30John was laughing, trying to raise the spirits of his mates, as they were working tirelessly.
02:09:35But, as they were all laughing, joking, and looking forward to dry land,
02:09:39they unknowingly approached their final destination.
02:09:43The Titanic was speeding through the calm sea.
02:09:46Greg looked ahead, above in the lookout tower, keeping a keen eye out as they were in iceberg territory now.
02:09:53Even though the way seemed clear, false horizons could occur,
02:09:57creating confusion about how far objects in the distance truly were.
02:10:01As they were traveling in the Gulf Stream waters into the colder Labrador Current,
02:10:06air columns cooled from the bottom upwards, creating a thermal inversion.
02:10:11This incredibly high air pressure ensured fog wasn't present,
02:10:15providing a deceptively clear outlook.
02:10:17But the thermal inversion can also create optical illusions,
02:10:21showing the horizon further away, appearing higher in the distance,
02:10:25or masking whatever objects that could come before it.
02:10:28These false horizons could easily hide any icebergs that could be approaching.
02:10:33Greg knew the perils of a calm sea in the Arctic,
02:10:37preferring the rough waters, where it's easier to detect icebergs within waves.
02:10:42Appearing from the lookout, Greg was looking towards the dark abyss ahead.
02:10:47Suddenly, within one mile directly in front,
02:10:50a formidable image quickly emerged from the dark waters surrounding.
02:10:54Iceberg right ahead!
02:10:56Greg yelled to his mate, who quickly called to the helm,
02:10:59and directed them to steer hard to starboard.
02:11:02The helmsman received the call.
02:11:04In the heat of the moment, he turned the wheel counterclockwise.
02:11:08Greg realized he'd turned the wheel the wrong way,
02:11:10and quickly went in the opposite direction.
02:11:12The ship aimed towards the iceberg, veering to the port side whilst reducing speed.
02:11:18Although there was a delay in turning the wheel,
02:11:21since there was a short distance from the signal and the fast pace that they sailed at,
02:11:25it may not have made a difference.
02:11:28As they approached the iceberg, it appeared as though they'd miss it,
02:11:31but over 87% of an iceberg is underwater.
02:11:35And as they came along the side, the hidden ice underneath hit the port side bow,
02:11:40piercing the side of the hull with a 12 square foot tear.
02:11:44The ship shook, with all aboard aware that something was amiss.
02:11:48Amongst the confusion and fear, they were oblivious of the damage.
02:11:52As they gathered their bearings,
02:11:546 out of 16 compartments were quickly filling up with seawater.
02:11:58The hull could only withstand 4 compartments filling before sinking.
02:12:02Time was ticking, as the Titanic made its descent into the depths.
02:12:06The weakened bulkhead with heated steel pillars and rivets
02:12:09broke under the pressure and sudden change of temperature from the ice-cold water.
02:12:14The call was made to abandon the ship.
02:12:17Lifeboats were prepared to be released,
02:12:19while help signals were sent out to nearby ships.
02:12:22The radio operator was guiltily sitting,
02:12:25constantly calling out to a nearby ship that had been in contact with the Titanic recently.
02:12:30There was steady communication with this ship over the past few days,
02:12:33providing warnings of icebergs since the Titanic departed from Southampton.
02:12:38The final warning message received was just one hour ago.
02:12:42Upon receiving the final warning,
02:12:44the operator ignorantly responded,
02:12:46shut up,
02:12:47with the assumption that their warnings of icebergs were pointless.
02:12:50Following this unfortunate response,
02:12:53the ship turned their radio off and provided radio silence.
02:12:57The closest ship that was responding to their distress signals was 500 miles away,
02:13:02too far to provide any assistance in time.
02:13:05There were countless mistakes that caused the Titanic's watery end,
02:13:09whether they contributed directly or from sheer ignorance.
02:13:13The most tragic of them was the number of people aboard the ship,
02:13:172,224 of them.
02:13:20There were only enough lifeboats provided to rescue 1,178,
02:13:25nearly half of the people.
02:13:30April 10th, 1912.
02:13:32You're on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean,
02:13:34in a small port town.
02:13:36Hundreds of people, and you among them,
02:13:38are going to board the huge, majestic ship.
02:13:41It's three times as long as the Statue of Liberty is tall.
02:13:44The ship is considered the most advanced and unsinkable watercraft of its time.
02:13:49You can see hundreds of luxury cabin windows on its deck,
02:13:52and the TITANIC inscription on the magnificent iron hull.
02:13:56This day, the famous superliner set off on its first, and last, voyage,
02:14:01from Southampton to New York.
02:14:03But now, you'll see an alternate story.
02:14:08You can hear a crew member announcing the start of the Titanic's trip.
02:14:12The ship sails from Africa to Bermuda,
02:14:15and the cause of its catastrophe will not be an iceberg at all.
02:14:19For four days, TITANIC sails through North Atlantic waters.
02:14:23The sun warms the ship so much that during the day,
02:14:26all the passengers sit inside the ship.
02:14:29In the evening, when a cool breeze descends on the ocean,
02:14:32all the people go up on deck to watch the beautiful red sunset.
02:14:36Midnight, April 15th.
02:14:38You're sitting in your cabin reading a book.
02:14:41You're usually asleep at this time,
02:14:43but right now, you're just flipping through page after page.
02:14:46You close the book and look around the cabin.
02:14:48You feel like someone's watching you.
02:14:50You get up and break out into a cold sweat.
02:14:53An inexplicable feeling of anxiety permeates your body and causes goosebumps.
02:14:59You look out the cabin window where the ocean spray is banging the glass,
02:15:03but you can't see anything.
02:15:05There's a thick fog outside.
02:15:07You leave the cabin.
02:15:08In addition to you, several passengers also left their beds
02:15:12because of a heightened sense of danger.
02:15:14They greet you and ask what's wrong,
02:15:16but no one knows.
02:15:18You head to the stairs to go out on the deck to see the situation.
02:15:22At this point, the floor goes out from under your feet.
02:15:25A strong push makes you fall.
02:15:27A rumble reverberates through the Titanic.
02:15:30You get up and see more and more people going out from their cabins.
02:15:34You run up the stairs and meet a crew member.
02:15:36He doesn't tell you anything, but his eyes are wide with fear.
02:15:40You go up on deck and can hardly see anything.
02:15:43A thick wet fog has settled over the ship.
02:15:46Several passengers are holding their heads as if they have a headache.
02:15:50You see the captain and ask him what happened.
02:15:53The captain admits that he has no idea where you are.
02:15:56You see a compass in his hand.
02:15:58The arrow turns in different directions.
02:16:00It's impossible to determine where exactly the ship is now.
02:16:04Interestingly, there was no such thing as the Bermuda Triangle before 1964,
02:16:09but the first reports of missing ships in this area date back to the middle of the 19th century.
02:16:14Another push.
02:16:16This time you've managed to stay on your feet.
02:16:18It felt like something big just hit the ship.
02:16:21You run to the railing at the edge of the deck and stare overboard.
02:16:24Through the white fog, you notice a huge shark fin.
02:16:28You haven't seen the full size of the shark,
02:16:30but from what you've seen, it must be as long as a train car.
02:16:34The shark swims away, but after a few seconds, you can see its fin again.
02:16:39It quickly approaches the ship and grabs the iron hull with its huge jaws.
02:16:44The deck is shaking.
02:16:46You can hear the grinding of metal.
02:16:48It seems this huge predator just made a hole in the hull.
02:16:51Only one creature on the planet can do this.
02:16:54The Megalodon.
02:16:56It's an ancient marine predator that measured almost 60 feet in length.
02:17:00Megalodon had no competition in the ocean.
02:17:03It was at the top of the food chain.
02:17:05It's believed the shark disappeared millions of years ago,
02:17:08but the ocean is only 5% explored.
02:17:11Here, it's alive and swimming in the mysterious waters of the Bermuda Triangle.
02:17:17Everyone aboard the ship is panicking.
02:17:20People from the lower decks are running upstairs.
02:17:22The Titanic slowly sinks and tilts to the side.
02:17:26Everyone goes to the lifeboats,
02:17:28but no one dares to get in them while the huge ancient monster is around.
02:17:32The ship's bow submerges under the water.
02:17:35You stand on the left side of the deck
02:17:37and see the Megalodon bite off pieces of the iron hull.
02:17:41You shout to the people in the stern section
02:17:43that the Megalodon is busy and they have time to evacuate.
02:17:46The first rescue boats with passengers go down on the water.
02:17:50Some passengers just jump overboard.
02:17:52Fortunately, the water is much warmer than the place where the Titanic actually sank.
02:17:57You put on a life jacket and jump too.
02:18:00The Megalodon attacks the ship and drags it deeper into the water.
02:18:04The smell of the Titanic's kitchen must have attracted it.
02:18:07You find yourself among the ship's flotsam and lifeboats.
02:18:11The fog's finally rising.
02:18:13The starry sky and the moon illuminate the sea's surface.
02:18:16People help you to climb on board a rescue boat.
02:18:19Everyone tries to sail as far away from the sinking ship as possible.
02:18:23You see the huge shark swimming around the Titanic.
02:18:26At this moment, something distracts it,
02:18:29and the predator goes away.
02:18:30More than half of the ship is already under the surface.
02:18:33The second part looks like a candle sticking out of the water.
02:18:36The ocean is calm. The sky is clear and cloudless.
02:18:40There's no wind.
02:18:41From the side, you see a huge wave growing behind the Titanic.
02:18:45It's about 50 feet high, like a five-story building.
02:18:49It knocks the ship down as easily as if it was made of paper.
02:18:53The monster wave dissolves in the water as quickly and unexpectedly as it appeared.
02:18:58You've just witnessed a rogue wave.
02:19:01This phenomenon occurs all over the world.
02:19:04Enormous waves suddenly appear, demolish ships, and disappear without a trace.
02:19:09Scientists still can't determine their exact nature,
02:19:13but according to the most popular theory,
02:19:15these waves are formed by kinetic vampirism.
02:19:19Under certain natural conditions, waves accumulate and exchange kinetic energy.
02:19:24Among all the waves out there,
02:19:26there is one vampire wave that absorbs the energy of all the others.
02:19:30When a lot of energy is accumulated, a huge wave grows and splashes it all out.
02:19:36Some believe the frequent disappearance of ships in the Bermuda Triangle occurred because of rogue waves.
02:19:42The people on the boats calm down.
02:19:44Someone sends a flare into the sky.
02:19:46You look at the ocean and see the triangular fin of the Megalodon emerging from the water.
02:19:52It's the size of a sailboat, and it's coming your way!
02:19:56You row the oars as fast as you can.
02:19:58People are screaming and calling for help.
02:20:00There's no chance of escape.
02:20:03The legendary monster is getting closer and closer.
02:20:06The shark's head peeks out from under the surface.
02:20:09It opens its huge maw filled with hundreds of sharp teeth.
02:20:13Each of them is the size of your palm.
02:20:15The boat would fit entirely inside the shark's mouth.
02:20:19It can swallow you whole.
02:20:21The shark stops and closes its mouth at arm's length from the boat.
02:20:25You can see the water bubbling around you.
02:20:28From the ocean depths, several giant tentacles lash out and wrap around the Megalodon.
02:20:34They pull the shark down.
02:20:36You look over the side and see a purple glow with a black circle in the center.
02:20:41Someone on the boat notices it too.
02:20:43People start screaming.
02:20:45It's looking at us!
02:20:46A woman shouts.
02:20:48After a second, you get goosebumps, and a shiver runs through your entire body.
02:20:53This purple glow is something's eye, and the black circle is the pupil.
02:20:58The creature that is looking at you right now is so big that the boat seems like a grain of rice to it.
02:21:05It's the Kraken!
02:21:07The giant squid, an ancient monster that sank hundreds of ships,
02:21:11but whose existence has not been proven by anyone yet.
02:21:15Fortunately, the boat you're sitting in is too small to interest the Kraken.
02:21:20You can see its eye moving deeper away.
02:21:23Huge tentacles pull the struggling Megalodon into the depths.
02:21:27An hour passes, and another big superliner arrives at the wreck of the Titanic.
02:21:32All the passengers are rescued.
02:21:34You look back at the calm sea, at the place where the Titanic recently sailed.
02:21:39You climb aboard the rescue ship and promise yourself never to go on a sea voyage again.
02:21:45December 4, 1970.
02:21:48Pilot Bruce Gernon had two passengers on board his Beechcraft Bonanza single-engine aircraft,
02:21:54his father and business partner.
02:21:56They took off from Andros Island in the Bahamas and headed northwest for the Florida coast.
02:22:01Sure, they were in the infamous Bermuda Triangle's airspace,
02:22:05but this was a typical flight Bruce had made dozens of times before.
02:22:09The trip usually took about an hour and a half with no hiccups whatsoever.
02:22:16Bruce took off and started gaining altitude.
02:22:19Strange things started happening right from the get-go.
02:22:22At first, he noticed a small cloud up ahead, but it kept growing.
02:22:27Not from the plane getting closer, this thing was actually getting bigger in size.
02:22:32Bruce had to fly through it, and he came out the other end just fine.
02:22:36He gained altitude, and yet another mysterious cloud appeared.
02:22:40This one was massive, and Bruce had no other choice but to fly through it, too.
02:22:45At that moment, it got dark as night all around the aircraft.
02:22:49But this wasn't a storm cloud, and it wasn't raining.
02:22:53Bruce was starting to get worried, and then...
02:22:55Bam! He saw flashes of white light!
02:22:58Bruce kept flying for another 30 minutes,
02:23:01when he realized this was the same cloud he had gone through earlier when he started to climb.
02:23:06But now the cloud was cylindrical, and the plane was flying through its center.
02:23:10It was wide and seemed endless.
02:23:13Bruce thought he could never get out of that trap,
02:23:16but a minute later, he saw light at the end of the tunnel.
02:23:19But all of a sudden, the walls of the cloud tunnel began to narrow.
02:23:23They were closing in on the plane!
02:23:25The navigational instruments started wigging out!
02:23:28The compass was spinning by itself counterclockwise!
02:23:31The walls kept narrowing, smaller and smaller, wrapping like a vortex!
02:23:35The electrical instruments still going haywire!
02:23:38Bruce was running out of time! He had to get out of this place fast!
02:23:42A grueling 20 seconds later, he burst out of this foggy trap.
02:23:47As Bruce described later, he felt weightless for 5 seconds as his plane left the tunnel.
02:23:53The clouds dispersed, and now the aircraft was in a grayish haze.
02:23:57The men let out a big sigh of relief.
02:24:00He immediately grabbed the radio and contacted ground control to determine his location.
02:24:05But when the dispatcher looked at the green screen,
02:24:08his face became contorted with confusion.
02:24:11Bruce's plane wasn't on the radar! It was as if the thing was invisible!
02:24:16But then the dispatcher said the aircraft was already in Miami airspace!
02:24:21Bruce was utterly shocked! It just couldn't be true!
02:24:24Remember, the whole trip usually took around 90 minutes,
02:24:28but this time, it took just 47 minutes to get to the destination!
02:24:32His plane didn't magically gain some supersonic speed,
02:24:36beyond the model's limited max cruising speed!
02:24:39This was physically impossible! The dispatcher must have made a mistake!
02:24:43But when the clouds parted, Bruce saw that he really was over Miami!
02:24:48The plane landed safely, and it was time to try and solve this mystery.
02:24:52Bruce checked the remaining fuel and his watch.
02:24:55After a short calculation, he was only more confused.
02:24:59The plane hadn't gone through the amount of fuel it should have!
02:25:03Archive records show that 84 sunspots were recorded that day,
02:25:07as well as a huge solar wind.
02:25:10This would cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere
02:25:13that could throw off the plane's instruments and radars.
02:25:16But so far, no one has been able to explain how the plane got to Miami so fast.
02:25:21Maybe in the future, the truth will be revealed.
02:25:24In the meantime, it remains another mysterious riddle of the Bermuda Triangle.
02:25:32The Royal Mail Ship, or RMS Titanic,
02:25:35easily the most famous steamship in history,
02:25:38was once the symbol of luxury and dreams that promised to come true.
02:25:42It took 3 years and 3,000 people to construct it.
02:25:46On April 10, 1912, a brand new ocean liner greeted its passengers
02:25:51with the smell of fresh varnish, paint, and newly sawn wood.
02:25:56Back then, they still used lead for the production of paint
02:25:59and linseed oil as a binder.
02:26:01So that smell must have been powerful.
02:26:04When it was fully operational,
02:26:06the giant vessel consumed around 850 tons of coal per day.
02:26:10And the passengers would also smell its fumes.
02:26:13Another odor that must have filled the Titanic's decks,
02:26:16at least the first-class ones,
02:26:18was the new scent by the famous French perfume house Guerlain.
02:26:22It was released earlier in the same year
02:26:25and quickly became a hit with the well-off ladies.
02:26:28The perfume that you can still buy today
02:26:31is a mix of violets and iris with creamy vanilla.
02:26:34On the dramatic evening of April 14,
02:26:37when Titanic only had hours to live,
02:26:40the unknowing waiters were serving oysters,
02:26:43lamb in mint sauce, roast duck with applesauce,
02:26:46and other delicacies to their first-class guests.
02:26:49The second class was filled with the smells of curried chicken,
02:26:53spring lamb, and roast turkey.
02:26:55Third-class passengers had simple gruel and biscuits that night.
02:26:59At 11 p.m., as the ship got dangerously close to the iceberg,
02:27:04the new smell added to the mix.
02:27:07It was a mineral odor with metallic notes.
02:27:10If you have ice in your fridge,
02:27:12you must have noticed it takes the smell of neighboring foods.
02:27:15The same happens to icebergs.
02:27:18They take on the odors of sea animals
02:27:20and maintain the chemical composition of the water that they're made of.
02:27:24If more people had known about the meaning of this particular metallic smell,
02:27:28they probably still wouldn't have saved the ship.
02:27:31But the number of people that managed to escape to safety could have been larger.
02:27:38Speaking of smells, in case you've ever wondered what space smells like
02:27:42but aren't planning to become an astronaut anytime soon, listen up.
02:27:46You can try out Eau de Space, an aroma that was designed by NASA decades ago.
02:27:52The idea of the perfume was to help astronauts prepare for their encounters with space
02:27:57at all levels during their training.
02:27:59But hold on a second.
02:28:01Space is a vacuum, so it technically shouldn't have any smell.
02:28:05Yet astronauts who have been out there remembered it as a pleasant metallic odor,
02:28:10something like the smell of welding fumes or burnt gunpowder.
02:28:14They could smell it on their spacesuits after coming back into their spacecraft.
02:28:18We can also guess what other planets smell like
02:28:21based on what their atmospheres are made of.
02:28:24Venus has clouds of sulfuric acid in its atmosphere,
02:28:27so it must smell like rotten eggs.
02:28:30Mars and Uranus also smell like rotten eggs, by the way.
02:28:34Each of the layers of Jupiter's atmosphere is made up of different chemicals.
02:28:38That's why it smells different depending on where you are.
02:28:41Some layers would greet you with a yummy aroma of bitter almonds or marzipan,
02:28:46and others, closer to the top, smell like cleaning products.
02:28:50The remaining planets of the Solar System are unlikely to have a distinctive scent
02:28:55because they're mostly odorless gases in their atmospheres.
02:28:58As for our natural satellite, the Moon,
02:29:01the Apollo astronauts claim that its dust smells like gunpowder.
02:29:07The fragrance of fresh-cut grass makes regular mowing it nearly worth it.
02:29:12But did you know that the grass isn't having a great time while you're doing it?
02:29:16In fact, it's sort of screaming for help.
02:29:19And because grass can't scream out loud,
02:29:22it expresses discomfort by releasing a mix of smelly volatile molecules.
02:29:26It does it to protect itself from insects.
02:29:29Caterpillars and other similar creatures just love to munch on sugary plant snacks.
02:29:34When you mow the grass, it releases jasmonic acid, among other things.
02:29:39It's sort of a signal to parasitic wasps that there is a caterpillar available.
02:29:44These creatures deal with the grass's offenders, and it can keep growing happily ever after.
02:29:49From the point of view of the grass, mowing is not much different from an insect attack,
02:29:54so it protects itself the best way it can.
02:29:59The rain has an easy-to-recognize powerful smell, also known as petrichor.
02:30:04But where does it come from?
02:30:06Turns out, some plants secrete oils during drought.
02:30:09The rocks and soil accumulate those oils' compounds,
02:30:13and when the raindrops hit, they mix with water and release into the air.
02:30:17Sometimes these oils combine with chemicals produced by bacteria living in the soil.
02:30:22The result of this cooperation is a musky odor you can smell in the woods or in your garden
02:30:28when you turn over the wet soil.
02:30:30Ozone also adds to the smell of rain, especially after thunderstorms.
02:30:34It happens when a lightning bolt's electrical charge splits oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere,
02:30:41and they later recombine into ozone.
02:30:44One theory says we enjoy the aroma of rain so much because it's imprinted in our brains.
02:30:50Different cultures have always associated rain with something positive,
02:30:54and we could have inherited that perception.
02:30:58Chocolate fans, of which I am one, this is for you.
02:31:02There are flowers that smell exactly like your favorite tree.
02:31:06It's a product of a tropical plant, after all.
02:31:09Since it's impossible to recreate the exact magical scent chocolate has in a perfume,
02:31:14you can plant some chocolate flowers, also known as the green ilyra leaves, in your garden.
02:31:20These flowers look like daisies with yellow petals around a deep red center.
02:31:25When you pick its petals, the flower releases the delicious smell we all love so much.
02:31:30The leaves and branches of the plant also have the same fragrance.
02:31:34Now, in case I got you interested, you can find the flower in dry soils of Arizona, Texas, Colorado,
02:31:41and other states with similar climates.
02:31:43It blooms all year, and the aroma is strongest on warm days.
02:31:49The bearcat, also known as the biturong, does not only look super cute, but also smells like buttered popcorn.
02:31:56Biturongs prefer to stay alone and use their aroma to mark their territory and find potential partners when they have to.
02:32:03Scientists tried to figure out the secret of their unusual smell,
02:32:07and suggested it could come from secretions from the scent glands under the animal's tail.
02:32:12Further research showed that the popcorn smell comes from the bearcat's urine.
02:32:17After the animal answers nature's call, it leaves a scent trail in the trees with its tail that often gets soaked.
02:32:24But if the real popcorn only releases its amazing smell when it's popping under heat,
02:32:30how do bearcats manage to do it without a microwave?
02:32:33The answer could be in their diet, or more likely, in the bacteria that come in contact with the animal's natural fluid.
02:32:43Durian is a fruit popular in Southeast Asia that smells sweet and nice to some people,
02:32:49but to the majority, it's a mix of rotten onions and sweaty socks.
02:32:53The stench is so powerful that it's banned on public transportation and hotels in some countries.
02:32:59The secret of durian is its 44 odor-active components.
02:33:03The mix is so complex that you can never tell what it's going to smell like.
02:33:08And despite that horrible smell, durian is considered a delicacy and is used to make mostly sweet dishes like cakes and candy.
02:33:16There was a smelly incident involving durian at a library in Australia.
02:33:22The smell of rotting fruit in a cupboard has spread across the entire building through the air conditioning system.
02:33:29They mistook it for gas leakage and had to evacuate around 500 students and teachers.
02:33:34Well, that stinks!
02:33:36And finally, if you've ever been to natural hot springs or went to see some geysers,
02:33:41you'll never forget the smell of hydrogen sulfide, or, less poetically, rotten eggs.
02:33:46It's actually not only yucky but also highly flammable.
02:33:50But it can also be quite useful.
02:33:53Most households in Iceland use geothermal springs as a source of hot water.
02:33:58Although it doesn't smell fresh, it's perfectly safe to drink, and the smell doesn't stay on your body after you take a shower.
02:34:05So there!
02:34:10It was September 12, 1990.
02:34:12In those times, way before instant messaging and Zoom calls, a little girl was looking for pen pals.
02:34:19Zoe was aboard a ship from England to Belgium, on vacation with her parents.
02:34:24She was only 10 years old at the time, but was a very clever schoolgirl.
02:34:28She took a piece of paper and started putting some words together.
02:34:32She introduced herself, then wrote about how she liked ballet and playing the flute and the piano.
02:34:38Of course, she couldn't help but mention her two adored pets, a little hamster she called Sparkle and her fish Speckle.
02:34:46She also put down the address at which she could be reached in case someone was interested in writing back to her.
02:34:52But alas, she was at sea.
02:34:54Who could she send this message to?
02:34:56An interesting idea came to her mind.
02:34:59She carefully placed her letter in a plastic bottle, tightly closed the lid to protect it from the water, and threw it into the sea.
02:35:07The little girl's excitement faded away over the years, as she didn't receive a response.
02:35:12Maybe the bottle got stuck somewhere.
02:35:14Maybe it was swallowed by some big, scary sea creature.
02:35:17Or maybe the water actually poked through the plastic cap and destroyed her message.
02:35:22Many years later, on Christmas, a letter for Zoe was received at her parents' house under her maiden name.
02:35:29The postage signaled that the message was from Europe.
02:35:32It was from a Dutch couple, Piet and Jacqueline Leteau, who had found her delicate bottle and were very considerate to write back.
02:35:40They pointed out that they had found the letter among the debris thrown at the shore by the sea.
02:35:45Zoe's letter had been stranded for a staggering 23 years at sea and traveled for more than 350 miles to reach its final destination near Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
02:35:56That's quite a voyage for a small plastic bottle.
02:36:00A story similar to that of Zoe is the strange connection between two little boys.
02:36:05A little German boy named Frank Uzbek was on a boat traveling to Denmark when he got the same idea as Zoe.
02:36:12He was 5 years old at the time he put together a message and threw it into the unknown.
02:36:17The year was 1987.
02:36:19He got his response years later, when he was 29.
02:36:23His letter, just like the one Zoe would send a couple of years later, had been at sea for 24 years.
02:36:30His message was found by a boy named Daniel Korotke while he was on a walk with his parents on the Koronian Spit near the Baltic Sea.
02:36:38Daniel was lucky that his father knew enough German to translate the message.
02:36:43The unlikely friends eventually met via video call in 2011.
02:36:47Not all message-in-a-bottle stories have been explained away.
02:36:51In 2013, a Croatian surfer came across a damaged bottle while near the Adriatic Sea.
02:36:58The message it contained dated back to 1985, and it was from a man named Jonathan.
02:37:04The sender was eager for his letter to reach a woman named Mary, and he also expressed his keenness for her to respond.
02:37:11Since the letter was supposedly sent from Nova Scotia, the bottle had to have traveled a mind-boggling 3,700 miles.
02:37:19The message went from the Atlantic Ocean, entered the Mediterranean Sea, and reached the Adriatic Shores in Croatia.
02:37:26The identities of neither John nor Mary were ever discovered.
02:37:30There are also messages-in-a-bottle with wonderful love stories to share.
02:37:35This was the case for Ake and Paulina Wiking.
02:37:38When Ake, a lonely Swedish sailor, placed a letter in a bottle and threw it in the Mediterranean Sea,
02:37:44he had no idea the piece of paper would eventually reach his future wife.
02:37:49This was in the early 1950s.
02:37:52The bottle was found by an Italian man who was inspired enough to give it to his niece, Paulina.
02:37:58After a year of back-and-forth letters being exchanged, Ake and Paulina eventually met and got married.
02:38:05Having decided to share their story with the world, they became somewhat of a celebrity couple for the time.
02:38:11They even shared video footage of their wedding with the world, and their story was featured in a bunch of newspapers.
02:38:18This fortunate event started a movement between young people looking for love,
02:38:23increasing the number of messages being thrown out at sea in search of a fairytale ending.
02:38:28Not all the stories that started out like this eventually worked out, though.
02:38:33In 1945, an American named Frank Hayostek placed a similar message to that of Ake's in a bottle and threw it in the waters.
02:38:42Almost a year later, his letter was found by an Irish woman.
02:38:46Her name was Brenda O'Sullivan.
02:38:48Their years of correspondence soon caught the attention of the media at the time,
02:38:52but their friendship never flourished because of the added pressure.
02:38:56They eventually met in person when Frank traveled to Ireland,
02:39:00but he didn't stay for long, and they eventually got out of touch with each other.
02:39:05After Titanic met its strange ending, many bottles containing secret messages started to surface.
02:39:11Almost all of them proved to be counterfeited, apart from one letter.
02:39:16Years after Titanic had sunk in the icy Atlantic waters, a bottle was found on the Irish shores.
02:39:22It was supposedly from a man named Jeremiah Burke,
02:39:26and to this day, it is considered to be the only genuine message in a bottle originating from Titanic.
02:39:33The piece of paper simply stated the sender's name and the location, the Titanic, accompanied by the word goodbye.
02:39:40Since the date has washed away, it's difficult to estimate whether the note was sent before or after the ship had hit the iceberg.
02:39:48The common understanding is, however, that since Jeremiah was looking to relocate to the US,
02:39:54he was merely sending his last symbolic regards to his family and friends back in Ireland.
02:40:00This simple way of meeting, and sometimes corresponding with people,
02:40:04has turned into a hobby for a man from a Canadian province named Prince Edward Island,
02:40:09located east of the US state of Maine.
02:40:12This man, Harold Hackett, claims to have sent over 4,000 bottles into the Atlantic Ocean since 1996.
02:40:20He also claims to have received many responses from all over the world,
02:40:24including letters from people in Europe, like France and Germany, but also from the Bahamas or even Africa.
02:40:31This unlikely pastime earns him about 150 Christmas cards from his pen pals each year.
02:40:37To this day, he refuses to add his phone number to any of his letters.
02:40:42This way, he ensures that if people ever want to contact him, the only means of doing so is via a written letter.
02:40:50He's also studied the best times to send the messages in the water based on the direction of the winds and the currents.
02:40:57Now, some bottles spend a whole lifetime at sea after being cast away by their sender.
02:41:03It was the case for a British man that wrote a message and placed it into a bottle before throwing it in the English Channel in 1914.
02:41:11His name was Thomas Hughes, and he wanted to direct the message to his wife,
02:41:16but was polite enough to write a letter to whoever got their hands on the bottle first,
02:41:21asking them to redirect the piece of paper accordingly.
02:41:24The bottle didn't reach his wife since it was found 85 years later on the Essex coast.
02:41:30The man that stumbled upon the bottle was kind enough to reach out to the family
02:41:34and place the message in possession of Thomas' daughter.
02:41:38And 85 years isn't the longest time for a small bottle to be cruising the waves.
02:41:43A scientist named Hunter Brown was studying currents in the North Sea when this idea came to his mind.
02:41:50He placed the same message in almost 2,000 bottles
02:41:54and requested the unlikely recipient that they write back with the location of their discovery.
02:41:59He thought this method would help him better understand the layout of the North Sea currents.
02:42:04A bottle was found about 11 miles from its original departing location after 97 years.
02:42:11To this day, more than 300 of the original bottles relating to Hunter Brown's project eventually made it to the shore.
02:42:19Not all of the messages that were found in bottles got replied to via physical letters.
02:42:24Oliver Vandevala threw a bottle containing a letter on the English coast while he was on vacation with his family.
02:42:31He was 14 at the time.
02:42:3333 years later, a woman reached out on Facebook claiming she had gotten his message
02:42:39and tracked him down through his social media profile.
02:42:42At first, he hardly remembered having placed the letter in the bottle.
02:42:46But he eventually recounted the events,
02:42:49even the fact that he sealed the bottle with candle wax to make sure it was leak-proof.
02:42:54And then there's Christina Aguilera and her bottle.
02:42:58No wait, hers is about a genie in a bottle.
02:43:00Okay, never mind.
02:43:03Back when it was built, the Titanic was one of the largest and most luxurious passenger ships
02:43:09with high-class features like a grand staircase, a swimming pool, and a gymnasium.
02:43:15People thought it to be unsinkable because of its advanced safety devices.
02:43:19Its tragic sinking on its maiden voyage in 1912 proved it wasn't at all the case.
02:43:25It wasn't until 1985 that the Titanic's wreck was finally rediscovered using state-of-the-art sonar technology.
02:43:33Ever since, thousands of items have been recovered from the Titanic,
02:43:37many of them being put on display or sold for auction.
02:43:41Things like jewelry, a life jacket, a menu from the ship's restaurant,
02:43:45or even a sample square of carpet from the first-class stateroom
02:43:49have all baffled the public and told stories of the many on-board people.
02:43:54Scientists have even tried to come up with strategies to get the Titanic back up.
02:43:59Not because they want to put it up for display, but so it can be properly studied.
02:44:04And more importantly, to stop it from getting more and more damaged at the bottom of the ocean.
02:44:09Some have suggested filling the wreck with ping-pong balls to make it float,
02:44:13while others even considered injecting it with 198,000 tons of Vaseline.
02:44:20Another creative solution was proposed, the idea of using a giant claw or scoop to lift the Titanic.
02:44:27Nobody came up with this device.
02:44:29Using half a million tons of liquid nitrogen to trap it in an iceberg that would float to the surface was also considered.
02:44:36But all these potential strategies had to be eventually let go,
02:44:40since the Titanic is way too fragile to ever be recovered.
02:44:45As the Titanic's iconic bow railings are in danger of collapsing,
02:44:49metal-eating bacteria continue to chew away at the ocean liner's wreckage.
02:44:54An undersea exploration company plans to gather data about the ship's deterioration in annual expeditions.
02:45:01They hope this will help them learn more about the Titanic,
02:45:04and also more about the ecosystem that shipwrecks create.
02:45:09The over 100-year-old ocean liner is also being damaged by deep-sea currents daily.
02:45:15Some experts predict that the ship could disappear in a few decades due to holes in its hull.
02:45:21The deck that passengers crowded on as the ship sank has caved in.
02:45:26The gymnasium near the grand staircase has also fallen in.
02:45:29And a 2019 expedition found that the captain's bathtub,
02:45:34which became visible after the outer wall of the captain's cabin fell away, is no longer there.
02:45:40Those annual expeditions also gather data about the creatures living at the site, including crabs and corals.
02:45:47Surprisingly, many species have only been seen there at the Titanic wreck,
02:45:52so scientists are curious to find out more about them.
02:45:56The most famous out of all these creatures is the Halomonas titanicae.
02:46:01It's a bacteria, and it was discovered on the wreckage of the Titanic.
02:46:05What's interesting about this creature is that it's able to thrive in extremely salty environments.
02:46:11It's also been resistant to several antibiotics, unlike other types of bacteria.
02:46:16It's probably because of this superbacteria that the deterioration of the ship's iron hull happened so fast.
02:46:23The expedition will also look at the debris field and its artifacts.
02:46:27On the site, there are still traces of little personal items like clothes and luggage.
02:46:33One of the most interesting stories about Titanic artifacts is that of the passengers' shoes.
02:46:39Most of the Titanic items that have been lost at sea deteriorated or disappeared completely.
02:46:44But not the shoes. They seem to be able to resist the harsh conditions.
02:46:49On top of that, the leather in most shoes is perfectly preserved.
02:46:54Probably because of tannin, a substance used in the tanning process of leather.
02:46:59It helped the shoes resist the damaging bacteria found underwater.
02:47:04All this exploring might have gotten you all excited.
02:47:07If that's the case, I have some good news to share.
02:47:10You might even be able to join the expeditions.
02:47:13To personally explore the Titanic, you have to plan ahead and apply to be a mission specialist with OceanGate,
02:47:20the company responsible for the journey.
02:47:22However, this experience does come with a high price tag of $250,000.
02:47:28Despite the cost, this once-in-a-lifetime experience is in high demand because of the limited spots available.
02:47:35If you can afford the exploration, you will have the chance to collaborate with renowned specialists in marine biology,
02:47:42oceanography, the Titanic, DNA, and the deep ocean.
02:47:46Accommodations and meals on the dive support vessel are also included,
02:47:50as well as training and guidance from specialists before and during the mission.
02:47:55Lastly, you don't even need to bring your own gear, as the expedition equipment is included as well.
02:48:02Sure, ships have evolved and modernized over the years,
02:48:05and these days we have technology that is way better than that available on the Titanic.
02:48:10But this ship remains an amazing piece of history because of its many unusual features,
02:48:16like the fact that the Titanic's whistle was loud enough to be heard over 11 miles away,
02:48:22or the fact that the ship's hull was painted with a special mixture of red lead and linseed oil,
02:48:28which was believed to be effective in preventing the growth of seaweed and other marine organisms.
02:48:33However, despite popular belief, the ship's iconic fourth smokestack was not functional
02:48:40and was only used for ventilation and aesthetics.
02:48:43Probably one of its biggest flaws was its number of lifeboats.
02:48:47Despite its size and luxury, the Titanic only had 20 lifeboats on board,
02:48:53which were not enough to save all of its passengers and crew once it hit the iceberg.
02:48:59The Titanic may be the most famous shipwreck, but it's not the only one.
02:49:04The fleet of Kublai Khan tells a similar story.
02:49:07This one was a large naval force commissioned by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan in the 13th century.
02:49:14The fleet was intended to travel to Japan and establish the Mongols as powerful rulers in the region.
02:49:20However, in 1281, the fleet was supposedly caught in bad weather and was seriously damaged,
02:49:27with many ships being destroyed.
02:49:29Legend has it that the fleet was torn down by a massive typhoon that came to be known as the Kamikaze, or Divine Wind.
02:49:38This strong storm was believed to have been sent by the higher spirits to protect Japan from the Mongols.
02:49:45The truth about its disappearance remains a mystery to this day.
02:49:49However, the wreckage of the fleet, or parts of it, appears to have been discovered in the 1980s by Asian archaeologists.
02:49:58They dug across the site and studied the remains of the ships at a location near Imari Bay.
02:50:04The shipwreck is to this day considered to be an important archaeological discovery.
02:50:09That's because it informed us how well prepared the Mongols were back in the day in terms of their ships.
02:50:16Another tragic story is that of the RMS Empress of Ireland.
02:50:20This was a British passenger ship that operated until May of 1914.
02:50:25This is when the ship was sailing from Quebec City to Liverpool,
02:50:29but it ran into the Norwegian collier SS Storstad in the fog off the coast of Rimouski, Quebec.
02:50:36The collision caused a large hole in the side of the Empress of Ireland and the ship began to quickly take on water and sink.
02:50:43The crew and passengers were caught off guard and many were unable to evacuate in time.
02:50:48In total, 1,012 people were lost in the disaster, making it one of the worst maritime collisions in Canadian history.
02:50:57Rescue efforts were hampered by poor visibility and the fact that many of the lifeboats were damaged or unusable.
02:51:04Only 465 people survived the sinking and many of them were rescued by the Storstad, which had remained in the area despite its damage.
02:51:13The sinking of the Empress of Ireland was a national tragedy in Canada
02:51:17and it led to changes in maritime safety regulations and the establishment of a coast guard.
02:51:23The ship still lies at the bottom of the St. Lawrence River, where it has become a popular dive site for enthusiasts.
02:51:35Can you guess how many theories of the Titanic's sinking exist?
02:51:39Right, loads, including a theory of my own, which I'm going to share with you today,
02:51:44and then you can decide which one seems most likely to you.
02:51:48One Piece Theory
02:51:51The very first version of the events was the One Piece Theory.
02:51:55It's very simple and basically claims that the sinking happened without any breakups.
02:52:01At 2.15 a.m., the ship collides with an iceberg.
02:52:05At 2.18 a.m., the lights go out.
02:52:08The ship reaches an angle of 45 degrees and then quickly begins its final plunge into the ocean depths.
02:52:14At 2.20 a.m., only about three minutes later, the RMS Titanic disappears under the surface of the ocean for good.
02:52:22The liner doesn't break, it just goes down as a whole piece.
02:52:27Of course, this can't be true.
02:52:29In April 1912, the Titanic was not only the largest ship in the world, but also the largest ship ever built.
02:52:36It's hard to believe that such a heavy vessel could have gone down without breaking.
02:52:40That's just impossible.
02:52:42Well, I mean, you can't blame the theorists.
02:52:45Before we found the wreckage, there were no other theories.
02:52:49Wait a minute, or were there?
02:52:52The day after the disaster, the survivors gave their interviews.
02:52:56They talked about what had happened, and some of them claimed that the ship had actually broken in two when it had been flooded.
02:53:03For example, Jack Thayer, a 17-year-old boy, outlined the sinking as he remembered it.
02:53:09And L.D. Skidmon drew a sketch based on his description.
02:53:13The picture clearly showed the ship breaking in half.
02:53:17But no one believed Jack or other witnesses.
02:53:20There was no evidence, so their claims were received with a grain of salt.
02:53:25But in 1985, things changed.
02:53:28First breakup theory.
02:53:31That's when Robert Ballard found the wreckage of the Titanic in the depths of the ocean.
02:53:36When people saw the wreckage, it became clear that Jack and the other survivors had been right.
02:53:42The Titanic did indeed break in two when it sank.
02:53:45So, it's time for a new theory.
02:53:492.15 a.m. The keel breaks.
02:53:52The starboard list eases, and the hull continues to bow and crumble.
02:53:572.17 a.m. The galley sections break off.
02:54:01The towers immediately drop under their own weight.
02:54:04The lights go out.
02:54:05The stern is pulled into the air.
02:54:07The bow breaks off and starts sinking.
02:54:10The aft is barely hanging on to the starboard side of the stern section superstructure.
02:54:15The stern section slowly lists over to port as it begins sinking again.
02:54:20It rises up one last time and pivots in a semicircle as it sinks.
02:54:26It all sounds pretty convincing, right?
02:54:29But people began to find plot holes in this theory.
02:54:32For example, the Titanic couldn't have held together until it reached such a high angle.
02:54:37The breakup would have had to begin much earlier.
02:54:40This only meant there was still a vast field for research and speculations.
02:54:45So, people started to come up with their own possible scenarios.
02:54:48How about we look first at the ones no one likes?
02:54:57According to the first breakup theory, the Titanic reached a high angle,
02:55:01and the weight of its unsupported stern caused it to crack from the top down.
02:55:06But it's physically impossible.
02:55:08So, are there any other ideas?
02:55:11In 2006, Roger Long, a naval architect, decided to research a so-called V-theory.
02:55:192.17 a.m.
02:55:21The breakup begins at a shallow angle, perhaps as little as 11 degrees.
02:55:26The upper structure fails and starts to crack.
02:55:29At this moment, only its double bottom is holding the Titanic together.
02:55:34But it starts to bend under the strain, too, failing the ship.
02:55:38Water is pouring through the crack.
02:55:41It increases the weight in between the two sections, bending the Titanic the other way
02:55:46and pulling it into shape somewhat resemblant to the letter V.
02:55:50The upper decks get mangled and bent together.
02:55:53The bow heads for the bottom, and the stern is the last to sink.
02:55:58This theory has since been disproven many times, though.
02:56:02Roger Long believed it because the broken edges of the upper decks in the Titanic's bow section
02:56:07were all mangled and crushed.
02:56:09However, we have learned that it happened because of the so-called hydraulic downburst,
02:56:15the force of the water crashing into the deck as the Titanic hit the ocean floor.
02:56:20Another V-break theory states that the bow had risen out of the water after the break.
02:56:26This theory was mainly peddled by one former Titanic enthusiast.
02:56:30But not only has this theory been proved to be physically impossible due to the bow's incredible mass,
02:56:36it was also inspired by incorrect information.
02:56:40Remember Jack Thayer?
02:56:42Well, it was based on his sketch and the words of a couple of passengers.
02:56:46But the truth is, none of them had ever seen the Titanic break down like this.
02:56:51Jack himself even stated in an interview that the sketch was completely out of context to what he had actually seen.
02:56:59It was drawn by a passenger on the Carpathia,
02:57:02the ship that received the Titanic's distress signal and came to its aid.
02:57:06It couldn't be used as evidence.
02:57:09Now that we know this, let's move on to the theories that most people believe in.
02:57:14James Cameron's banana peel theory.
02:57:18Who hasn't seen the legendary movie about the Titanic, right?
02:57:22It became the leader of the 70th Academy Awards ceremony in the number of nominations and awards,
02:57:28and deservedly so.
02:57:31But did you know that James Cameron had been interested in the Titanic for many years
02:57:36and studied the ship's history?
02:57:38His books and research are very detailed,
02:57:41and he even came up with his own version of the events.
02:57:44It's called the banana split theory,
02:57:47and this is actually what you could see in the movie.
02:57:50Here's how it goes.
02:57:52The Titanic reaches a 23 degree angle and fractures down to the keel.
02:57:57The double bottom acts as a hinge as the stern falls down.
02:58:01When the double bottom fails, the bow and the stern separate.
02:58:05The stern lists to port, standing vertically, and then begins to go underwater.
02:58:12This theory is the most scientifically accurate one,
02:58:15along with Roy Mengot's theory.
02:58:18But who's Roy Mengot?
02:58:23Roy Mengot was an engineer who came up with the most plausible theory for the time being.
02:58:292.17 a.m. The lights go out on the Titanic.
02:58:33At this moment, the ship is at an angle of 20 to 23 degrees.
02:58:37Suddenly, the vessel snaps in two just around the third funnel.
02:58:42It causes the stern to settle into the water.
02:58:45The keel fails first.
02:58:47The stern and lower hull are crushed and break apart.
02:58:51Water surges into the bow and stern of the ship through the huge cracks,
02:58:56causing the bow section to sink beneath the waves.
02:58:59The stern rises up to the angle of 70 to 90 degrees, and then it sinks too.
02:59:05This theory seems to make the most sense, but it's quite controversial.
02:59:11Researchers who saw the breakup stated that the stern had settled back with the bow completely missing.
02:59:17Mengot's theory, however, contradicts that statement,
02:59:20while James Cameron's scenario takes this into account.
02:59:24Are you thinking what I'm thinking?
02:59:26The truth must be somewhere in the middle.
02:59:32Now, as promised, I'll provide you with my version of the events.
02:59:36Well, it's not really my theory.
02:59:38It's more like a combination of Roy Mengot's and James Cameron's ones.
02:59:42I believe that James Cameron was right about the breakup.
02:59:472.17 a.m. The ship is at a high angle.
02:59:50The lights go out.
02:59:52Then it snaps into two pieces.
02:59:54The bow starts sinking.
02:59:56The double bottom is still attached to the stern for a minute or so.
03:00:00Once the double bottom fails, the two parts separate, and the bow goes down.
03:00:05Then, as Mengot said, the stern rises up at a high angle,
03:00:10and then it begins to sink vertically.
03:00:13It might have actually happened because the survivors stated that they had seen a clean break.
03:00:18This means it couldn't be hidden.
03:00:20And they had also seen the stern staying vertically in the air for a long enough time,
03:00:25probably a few minutes, before disappearing.
03:00:29Anyways, all of these are just speculations,
03:00:32regardless of how the Titanic broke apart and sank.
03:00:35It was a great tragedy.
03:00:37It's already been 110 years since the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank.
03:00:43Did you know that in 2022,
03:00:45the Blue Star Line company is completing the construction of an exact replica of the Titanic?
03:00:51Called the Titanic Two Liner,
03:00:54the ship will be sent sailing along the same route with 2,400 people on board.
03:00:59Let's hope that everything goes well for them.
03:01:02That's it for today!
03:01:03So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity,
03:01:05then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
03:01:08Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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