90+ Faits Qui Vous Donneront Envie De Devenir Un Pirate Du Corps

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Transcript

00:00:00 If you don't want to go extinct, press the stop button with your fingers.

00:00:05 By doing this, your brain receives an alarm signal.

00:00:08 Very quickly, it will stop all other processes, including the reflex to go extinct.

00:00:13 The longest extinction crisis was recorded in 1981.

00:00:18 Achoo! Sorry.

00:00:20 It lasted 976 days.

00:00:23 It was a woman from the United Kingdom who went extinct more than a million times.

00:00:28 The part of your brain that is responsible for sight is behind your head.

00:00:32 It is interesting to note that the right side of your brain controls the left side of your sight, and vice versa.

00:00:38 If you are in a noisy place, like a nightclub or a concert, move your ears to better hear your friends.

00:00:46 Press the tragus of your ear, the cartilage bump covered with skin located in front of the auditory canal.

00:00:52 Then orient this ear to your friend.

00:00:56 If you feel nervous, close your fist by letting your thumb go over and blow gently on it.

00:01:01 If you can't stop a hockey, put a ice cream on your tongue.

00:01:05 You can also cover your ears with your hands and drink a glass of water at once with a straw.

00:01:10 Pulling your tongue or raising your arms to the ceiling can also work.

00:01:14 When a person snores, the sound usually does not exceed 60 decibels.

00:01:20 It's the sound of a normal conversation.

00:01:22 But sometimes the sound level can reach 80 decibels.

00:01:26 It's the sound of a mixer running.

00:01:28 If you want to wake up faster, hold your breath for a while.

00:01:33 By doing this, your heart will start beating faster and your body will activate faster.

00:01:38 But don't overdo it, because if you wake up too quickly, you will impose unnecessary stress on your heart.

00:01:44 If you feel in a bad mood, squeeze a pencil between your teeth.

00:01:49 The muscles involved in smiling will be stimulated.

00:01:52 This will send impulses to your brain, which will begin to secrete endorphins.

00:01:56 In a blink of an eye, your smile will become much more sincere.

00:02:00 Right-handed people tend to chew most of their food on the right side of their mouth.

00:02:05 And left-handed people use their left side more.

00:02:08 The smell of sea bass can activate your super memory.

00:02:11 If you have to learn something by heart,

00:02:13 make it lie in your bed with a bunch of sea bass next to you.

00:02:17 This will help you memorize information more efficiently and more quickly.

00:02:21 If you have a leg that is asleep, shake your head.

00:02:25 After about a minute, you will realize that your muscles have relaxed and that the feeling of tingling has passed.

00:02:31 The muscles that make your eyes move do about 100,000 movements a day.

00:02:36 If you wanted to move the muscles of your legs as many times as you can, you should walk 80 kilometers.

00:02:41 Deja vu could be a kind of brain delay.

00:02:45 According to a theory, this could happen when the brain transfers information from one hemisphere to the other.

00:02:51 If there is any delay in this process, your brain receives the same information twice.

00:02:56 And then it treats it as an event that has already happened.

00:02:59 Among all the people who can move their ears, only 30% manage to move one.

00:03:06 If your mouth burns when you eat pineapple, it's because while you're eating this fruit, it's eating you too.

00:03:13 Pineapple is the only known food that contains bromelain, an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

00:03:19 Fortunately, gastric acid destroys it.

00:03:22 If your throat is itching, scratch your ear.

00:03:25 This stimulates an air that causes a muscular space in your throat.

00:03:29 In a blink of an eye, the itch will disappear.

00:03:32 Surprisingly, we burn more calories by sleeping than by watching TV.

00:03:37 Ask a friend to sit on a chair and put a finger on his forehead.

00:03:42 Then he has to get up without using his hands.

00:03:44 He won't make it.

00:03:46 Just like salamanders push their tails back, humans are able to regenerate cartilage.

00:03:51 It's the rubbery substance that surrounds our joints.

00:03:54 Scientists have recently discovered that cartilage can repair itself.

00:03:59 This process would be most effective at the ankle, but much less at the knee and even less at the hips.

00:04:06 If you are lying in bed and suddenly feel dizzy, put one foot on the floor.

00:04:11 Your brain will receive the information that you are holding on to something firm, and this unpleasant sensation will go away.

00:04:18 Only 30% of people can dilate their nostrils.

00:04:22 If someone hits you in the back while you're tired, they ask you to let go of them in a non-verbal way.

00:04:28 People with a single transverse palmar fold are very rare.

00:04:32 They are 1.5% in the world.

00:04:35 Most people have two palmar folds.

00:04:37 Men are more likely to have a single fold than women.

00:04:41 In most cases, this condition is hereditary.

00:04:44 Your gustatory papillae have a very short life cycle.

00:04:48 They don't live more than 10 to 14 days.

00:04:51 Your lips are hundreds of times more sensitive than the tip of your fingers.

00:04:55 If your skin rubs off when you stay in the water for too long, it's not because it absorbs water,

00:05:00 but to allow your fingers and toes to take better hold.

00:05:04 Studies have shown that the palmar fold acts as a re-initialization for the nose.

00:05:09 This reactivates the cells that cover the inside, which are called cellular cills.

00:05:15 If a person suffers from anosmia or olfactory cystitis, they don't smell.

00:05:21 The amount of food you eat in your life will weigh as much as 8 Asian elephants.

00:05:27 No wonder people spend nearly four years of their lives eating.

00:05:31 Your skin analyzes one million bits of data per second.

00:05:35 Your ears and nose process 100,000 bits each, and your tongue is the least productive.

00:05:39 It only analyzes 1,000 bits.

00:05:42 Being really multitasking is actually impossible.

00:05:45 What we call multitasking is actually the very fast transition from one task to another.

00:05:51 In this case, people tend to make more mistakes,

00:05:54 and it takes twice as long to do each task.

00:05:58 On the other hand, when you do a physical activity that you've already done several times,

00:06:03 you can do a mental task at the same time.

00:06:06 That's why you can easily run or take a shower while thinking.

00:06:10 If you see someone pulling on their sleeves non-stop, they must be feeling very nervous.

00:06:15 Tossing an object is a self-calming mechanism.

00:06:18 You can check how unique you are by chewing a sprig of coriander.

00:06:22 For some, this aromatic herb tastes similar to soap,

00:06:26 because it contains a chemical compound used to make it.

00:06:30 But only 4 to 14% of the world's population has the gene capable of detecting it.

00:06:36 Are you one of them?

00:06:38 An adult uses about 200 muscles to take a single step.

00:06:42 Your eyes move non-stop when they process information.

00:06:46 Otherwise, you wouldn't be able to see an image as a whole.

00:06:50 These movements go unnoticed because your brain is an excellent video editor.

00:06:54 It stabilizes images and links tons of fragments in a single fluid video.

00:06:59 Every 3 to 4 days, the wall of your stomach is completely renewed.

00:07:04 This is how your body avoids digesting itself.

00:07:07 When a person stretches, the temperature around their nose and in the inner corners of their eyes increases.

00:07:13 This phenomenon is known as the Pinocchio effect.

00:07:16 Hmm...

00:07:18 The liver is the only human organ that can regenerate completely.

00:07:22 Even if it only represents 25% of its initial weight, it can fully regenerate.

00:07:28 Synesthesia is a rare condition that allows you to taste music or hear colors.

00:07:33 But only 1 in 2,000 people have it.

00:07:37 Nowadays, our nails grow faster than half a century ago.

00:07:41 Maybe it's because we eat more protein than before.

00:07:45 You start to feel thirsty when your water intake reaches 1% of your body weight.

00:07:50 Beyond 5%, you can even faint.

00:07:53 And if you lose the equivalent of 10%, hmm...

00:07:56 Let's just say it'll end badly.

00:07:59 Your brain can generate more than 48 thoughts in less than a minute.

00:08:03 This represents nearly 3,000 thoughts per hour and more than 70,000 per day.

00:08:08 Each person has about 150,000 hairs on their head.

00:08:12 On average, each hair grows 1.5 cm per month.

00:08:16 If we combined the growth of each hair, it would reach 15 km per year.

00:08:21 If you have a cramp in your leg, pull your big toe towards you.

00:08:25 This will allow you to stretch your muscles and reduce the spasm.

00:08:29 We have bacteria that can produce electricity in our intestines.

00:08:33 These bacteria release electrons, which creates tiny electric currents.

00:08:38 This could be a way to generate energy and light up lights.

00:08:42 At the end of your life, an average person can remember up to 150 billion pieces of information.

00:08:48 If you brush your teeth before eating or drinking, you risk damaging your taste buds.

00:08:54 Most toothpaste contains two chemical substances,

00:08:58 sodium lauryl ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate,

00:09:02 which reduces the ability to taste sweet foods and increases the ability to taste bitter foods.

00:09:08 The mutation of the gene DEC2 allows some people to sleep only a few hours a night to feel in good shape.

00:09:17 On average, these people wake up at 4 or 5 in the morning.

00:09:21 Less than 5% of the world population has this characteristic.

00:09:25 Only humans produce tears related to emotions.

00:09:29 Animals cry to lubricate their eyes.

00:09:32 Women have more taste buds than men.

00:09:36 This is one of the reasons why 35% of women are super-tasters,

00:09:40 that is, people who taste more than others.

00:09:43 Only 15% of men have this ability.

00:09:47 It is difficult to recognize a person you already know if, on a photo, this person has no eyebrows.

00:09:53 This proves that eyebrows are more important than eyes in recognizing faces.

00:09:59 When they cross their hands, 50% of people put their right thumb over their left thumb.

00:10:05 49% of people do the opposite, and 1% put their thumb in front of each other.

00:10:11 Your brain contains more than 86 billion nerve cells,

00:10:15 connected by 100 billion connections.

00:10:18 That's a lot more than the number of stars in the Milky Way.

00:10:21 And if you wanted to count all these cells, it would take you 3,000 years.

00:10:25 What a great waste of time!

00:10:28 The memory capacity of your brain is equivalent to 4 Teraoctets on a hard drive.

00:10:33 That's more than 8 million photos.

00:10:37 You are likely to remember up to 10,000 different faces.

00:10:41 This number varies from person to person, but the average is 5,000.

00:10:45 This does not mean that you can put a name on each face.

00:10:48 It's just about recognizing the features.

00:10:52 If you walked in the same direction for 12 hours a day,

00:10:55 it would take you about 800 days to go around the globe.

00:11:00 Bajos are a group of nomads that live in the waters around the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.

00:11:06 Thanks to a rare genetic mutation, they can stay underwater for up to 13 minutes.

00:11:11 They can also dive up to 60 meters deep.

00:11:15 Eating rockfort can influence your dreams by making them more lively.

00:11:20 If your ears hurt when you're on a plane,

00:11:23 you can solve this problem by simply chewing a chewing gum.

00:11:27 This allows you to open the stache tube, a small passage that connects your throat to your middle ear,

00:11:32 and equalize the pressure in your ears.

00:11:35 You can also bail to open the stache tube.

00:11:38 Your dreams are a complex mixture of memories, knowledge and imagination.

00:11:43 An average person has between 4 and 7 dreams per night, but not everyone remembers.

00:11:49 Even if your fingerprints are very damaged, they will grow back with their original pattern.

00:11:55 If you regularly meet people who complain, put yourself in front of a mirror.

00:11:59 When someone is angry and sees themselves in a mirror,

00:12:02 it prevents them from showing themselves in their worst day.

00:12:04 Nobody likes to see themselves like that.

00:12:07 Your feet are likely to grow over time.

00:12:10 As you age, the ligaments and tendons of your feet weaken,

00:12:13 the plantar vault flattens and the feet become wider and longer.

00:12:18 Only 3% of people in the world have lines of hands that form the letter X on both palms.

00:12:23 In many cultures, it is believed to be a sign of a strong personality.

00:12:28 Your brain is made up of 73% water, just like your heart.

00:12:32 That's why if your brain only loses 2% of its liquid, you will feel exhausted.

00:12:37 This also deteriorates memory, reduces attention and affects mood.

00:12:43 Most people have an arm-width of the same size.

00:12:46 So try it!

00:12:48 A rare genetic mutation makes some people have super-thick bones,

00:12:53 almost impossible to break.

00:12:55 People with this mutation also have skin less prone to aging.

00:13:00 Have you ever noticed these little dots moving in a sine wave

00:13:03 when you look at a bright light or a blue sky?

00:13:06 They are usually only visible for 1 or 2 seconds and sometimes look like little glasses.

00:13:11 These are white blood cells that move in the capillaries located in front of your retina,

00:13:16 the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of your eyes.

00:13:20 Most people don't notice these dots unless you ask them to pay attention.

00:13:25 When someone listens to you by raising their eyebrows,

00:13:28 it is likely that they are really interested in your story.

00:13:32 If we uncover a strand of human DNA, the whole thing would extend over 16 billion kilometers.

00:13:37 That's 40,000 times the distance between Earth and the Moon.

00:13:41 Human teeth are almost as solid as that of sharks.

00:13:44 The enamel they contain, the outer layer, is the hardest substance in the whole body.

00:13:50 Your nostrils don't always work with the same efficiency.

00:13:53 When you breathe, only one nostril does most of the work.

00:13:57 They alternate every two hours.

00:14:00 Your right ear is more sensitive to speech and the left more sensitive to music.

00:14:05 We think it's because the left hemisphere deals with speech,

00:14:08 while the right deals with creative functions.

00:14:11 Your lips are red because of the large number of blood vessels under their skin.

00:14:16 When you taste a drink or a very cold dish, you may feel your brain freezing.

00:14:21 This happens because the nerves located on the palate are abruptly cooled

00:14:25 and send signals to your brain to ask it to stop eating such cold food.

00:14:30 But you can overcome this unpleasant feeling by pressing your tongue against your palate.

00:14:35 Do it as hard as possible and the pain will disappear.

00:14:39 Your lips don't sweat because they don't have a sweat gland.

00:14:43 They don't have a gland that acts as a protective film and keeps them hydrated.

00:14:48 That's why they're so vulnerable to the sun, wind and cold.

00:14:52 They dry up as quickly as other parts of the body.

00:14:56 You can't taste food if you don't produce saliva.

00:14:59 Your gums have receptors that recognize different flavors,

00:15:03 but without a liquid, these flavors don't bind to the molecules in these receptors.

00:15:08 Only a few cells in your body will stay with you throughout your life.

00:15:12 They are the crystalline cells of your eye, the muscles of your heart,

00:15:16 and the neurons of your cerebral cortex.

00:15:19 That's the scientific term for the external layers of your brain.

00:15:23 Millennials are people between the ages of 25 and 40.

00:15:27 They tend to forget more things than older people.

00:15:31 The main reason is the higher level of stress endured by this generation.

00:15:36 People with albinism have little or no melanin,

00:15:40 the pigment that gives color to hair, skin and eyes.

00:15:44 It's a rare condition.

00:15:46 In the United States, only 1 in 20,000 people are born with albinism.

00:15:50 But there is also ocular albinism, which is even rarer.

00:15:54 It is thought that only 1 in 50,000 people have it.

00:15:58 In one day, the blood of your body travels nearly 19,000 kilometers.

00:16:02 That's half the Earth's circumference.

00:16:05 Nearly 25% of the cholesterol in your body is in your brain.

00:16:09 This substance is crucial for memory and learning,

00:16:13 but the hematoencephalic barrier does not allow the cells in your brain

00:16:17 to get cholesterol from blood.

00:16:20 That's why the brain produces its own type of cholesterol.

00:16:23 Paradoxically, although teeth are part of the skeletal system,

00:16:27 they are not considered bones because they cannot regenerate on their own.

00:16:31 It takes 13 milliseconds for your eyes to see something.

00:16:35 That's how long it takes your brain to process an image.

00:16:39 For comparison, the average eyelid crease lasts between 100 and 400 milliseconds.

00:16:44 The bright sunlight makes 17 to 35% of people blind.

00:16:49 This is called photostannatory reflex.

00:16:53 Your fingers are extremely sensitive.

00:16:55 They can feel objects that are no bigger than the width of a hair.

00:16:59 If your finger was the size of the Earth,

00:17:01 you would feel the difference between a car and a house.

00:17:05 When there is a calorie table in a restaurant,

00:17:08 customers tend to order the least balanced dishes.

00:17:11 For example, they compare the difference between a burger and a Caesar salad.

00:17:15 And notice that it is not that big.

00:17:17 And since the hamburger looks more satiating, that's what they order.

00:17:21 But if people don't know that a large salad contains almost as many calories as a burger,

00:17:26 they choose the healthiest option.

00:17:29 Imagine this.

00:17:30 If someone managed to unroll all the DNA contained in the human body,

00:17:34 it would extend over about 16 billion kilometers.

00:17:37 Do the math.

00:17:39 That's twice the distance from the Earth to Pluto.

00:17:41 And it's not the only incredible thing our body is capable of.

00:17:45 Trillions of nerve connections constantly feed your memory.

00:17:49 According to some studies, after watching 2,500 images for only 3 seconds,

00:17:54 most people will remember these images with an accuracy rate of 92%.

00:17:59 Incredible.

00:18:01 Your body is shining, emitting tiny amounts of barely visible light.

00:18:05 This glow is the product of biochemical reactions that have their home in your body.

00:18:10 The light increases and decreases throughout the day.

00:18:13 Although it is not visible, you cannot detect it with the naked eye.

00:18:17 Bacteria represent between 0.5 and 2.7 kilos of your total body weight.

00:18:23 And between 100 million and 1 billion bacteria can live on a single tooth.

00:18:28 It is impossible to perceive the flavor of food without saliva.

00:18:32 Indeed, the chemical substances contained in food must be dissolved in the saliva

00:18:36 before being detected by the taste buds.

00:18:39 It may sound like a myth, but eating too many carrots can actually make your skin orange.

00:18:45 Carrots contain large amounts of beta-carotene.

00:18:48 This compound can cause what is called carotenemia.

00:18:52 If you have too much of it in your blood, it sticks to the parts of your body where the skin is thickest.

00:18:57 On the soles of your feet, on your knees, elbows, palms, and even on certain areas around the nose.

00:19:03 But do not worry, it is not dangerous.

00:19:06 You can easily reverse this phenomenon by reducing your consumption of food rich in beta-carotene.

00:19:12 The muscles of the chin, whose scientific name is "chin muscle", have a rather bizarre aspect.

00:19:18 We don't really know what to think about it.

00:19:20 Look at these 16 strange little "tentacles".

00:19:24 Yet, they allow us all kinds of expressions, making the lips, chin and cheeks play.

00:19:29 And yes, it is they who are the origin of these wrinkles and these bizarre folds that appear on your chin.

00:19:36 And this is because these muscles pull directly on the skin.

00:19:41 We can live without some of our organs and lead a normal life.

00:19:45 The human body is composed of simple organs and functioning organs in pairs.

00:19:49 And when you have two, one is enough for you to survive.

00:19:53 Your intestinal wall is not really that small.

00:19:56 It is even bigger than you. It measures about 7 meters.

00:20:00 The cornea, the transparent part of your eyes, is not irrigated by blood.

00:20:05 It is the air that directly provides it with the oxygen it needs.

00:20:09 Humans develop their unique digital prints very early in their lives, at the embryonic stage, only three months after conception.

00:20:16 Moreover, even if we seriously damage these digital prints, they grow back naturally and find their original design.

00:20:23 The whole world is born with an immersion reflex.

00:20:26 This reflex activates and interrupts bodily functions in case of drowning or prolonged immersion.

00:20:31 The human brain is not smooth at all.

00:20:34 But if you decide to flatten all the ridges that cover it, your brain will be the size of a pillowcase.

00:20:40 Not so useful, however.

00:20:42 Newborns blink only once or twice a minute.

00:20:46 For comparison, an adult blinks at least ten times over the same period of time.

00:20:52 Our lungs are the only organs capable of floating on water.

00:20:55 The reason is that they are made up of about 300 million alveoli, small balloon-shaped structures.

00:21:00 Moreover, even if we are in perfect health, our lungs are never totally free of germs or sterile.

00:21:06 Your nose is a superhero.

00:21:08 It is both a heating, a filter and a humidifier.

00:21:12 All this thanks to its "horned" three pairs of bone-wound blades.

00:21:16 They contain blood vessels capable of heating the air and caliciform cells used to humidify it.

00:21:22 In addition, the air you breathe is filtered by your nose before being sent to your lungs.

00:21:27 Every time you eat something, your esophageal system, the organ through which food passes to reach your stomach,

00:21:34 undergoes a series of undulating contractions that push food.

00:21:38 This is what is called peristaltism.

00:21:41 There is a link between your digestive system and your brain, the brain-intestinal axis.

00:21:46 This is why stress or brain problems can affect the way your body digests food.

00:21:51 Even if hockey is generally harmless and stops by itself after a few minutes, it is not really pleasant.

00:21:58 You should therefore know that it can occur as a result of a temperature change.

00:22:03 The density of your brain increases throughout your life.

00:22:06 All this because new neural connections appear.

00:22:09 They also appear because the structure of the brain does not stop changing.

00:22:14 If you do not want to be permanent, pinch the skin of the ridge of your nose.

00:22:18 Your brain then receives an alarm signal.

00:22:21 Very quickly, it slows down all other processes, including the reflex to be permanent.

00:22:26 In fact, studies have shown that permanence is a way for your nose to "reinitialize".

00:22:32 The brain then reinitializes cells called "cells" that cover your nasal cavity.

00:22:37 The part of the brain responsible for vision is located at the back of the head.

00:22:41 It is interesting to note that the right side of your brain controls the vision on the left side and vice versa.

00:22:48 If you are in a noisy place, in a nightclub or at a concert,

00:22:52 cover your ears and you will hear your friends better.

00:22:55 Push on the tragus, the rounded, covered ridge of skin, which is just in front of the auditory tract,

00:23:00 so that it penetrates your ear.

00:23:02 Then turn this ear to your friend.

00:23:05 When a person snores, the noise usually does not exceed 60 decibels.

00:23:09 It's about the volume of a normal conversation,

00:23:12 but the sound level can sometimes reach 80 decibels.

00:23:15 It is the noise that a mixer makes while walking.

00:23:18 Like salamanders that push their tails back,

00:23:21 we would be able to regenerate our cartilage,

00:23:24 the rubbery material that envelops our joints.

00:23:27 Scientists have recently discovered that the cartilage could repair itself.

00:23:31 This process is apparently effective at the ankle,

00:23:34 less effective at the knee and even less effective at the hip.

00:23:39 If a person suffers from anosmia, also called olfactory cystitis,

00:23:43 it can neither detect nor distinguish odors.

00:23:46 Your eyes do not stop moving when you look at something.

00:23:50 Without that, you could not see the whole picture.

00:23:53 This movement escapes you because your brain is an excellent video editor.

00:23:58 It stabilizes the images and all these fragments in a homogeneous visual flow.

00:24:03 The liver is the only human organ capable of regenerating completely.

00:24:08 Even if it must regenerate up to 25% of its initial weight,

00:24:12 the organ will find its original size.

00:24:15 Your mouth itches when you nibble on pineapple,

00:24:18 because while you eat this fruit, it eats you too, finally, in a way.

00:24:23 Pineapple would be the only food to contain bromelain.

00:24:26 It is an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

00:24:29 Fortunately, our gastric acid knows how to deal with this nasty enzyme.

00:24:33 Bacteria capable of producing electricity live in our intestines.

00:24:38 These bacteria emit electrons, which creates tiny electric currents.

00:24:43 This may be the way bacteria produce energy.

00:24:47 The impression of déjà vu could actually result from a lag in the processing of information by the brain.

00:24:54 This lag would occur when our brain transfers information between different areas.

00:25:00 If there is any delay, your brain will receive the same information twice.

00:25:05 As a result, it will consider it as an event that has already occurred.

00:25:09 The mutation of the DECTU gene allows some people to sleep only a few hours while feeling in good shape.

00:25:16 They are not tired and never do the morning fat.

00:25:19 On average, these people wake up at 4 or 5 in the morning.

00:25:23 5% of the world's population has this feature.

00:25:28 It happens that your ears are bleeding or hurt when you travel by plane.

00:25:32 You can solve this problem by chewing a chewing gum.

00:25:35 This opens the stache tube, a narrow duct that connects your throat to your middle ear.

00:25:40 The opening of this duct balances the pressure inside the ear and puts an end to this unpleasant phenomenon.

00:25:47 Chewing also opens the stache tube.

00:25:50 It is possible that your feet get bigger with age, just like your nose and ears.

00:25:55 As we age, our feet weaken at the level of ligaments and tendons.

00:25:59 The plantar vault flattens, the feet become wider and longer.

00:26:04 Unlike our other primate cousins, most people have plantar vaults.

00:26:10 They help us move.

00:26:12 This plantar vault acts as an integrated shock absorber for our feet.

00:26:15 This is what allows us to bounce.

00:26:17 But there is another one.

00:26:19 This is the transversal arch, which extends from one side to the other on top of the foot.

00:26:24 You can see it as a bridge that would help keep your foot in shape.

00:26:28 Research shows that this arch is also important, because it is responsible for about 40% of the stiffness of the foot.

00:26:35 In other words, it is the scaffolding that keeps the foot in place.

00:26:39 When medical researchers dissected this transversal arch, the foot lost a lot of its firmness.

00:26:44 However, when they incised the lower part of the vault, the loss was not as spectacular.

00:26:51 Is it a phenomenon typical of modern man?

00:26:54 No, these arches do not date from yesterday.

00:26:56 The transversal arch has existed for nearly 3 million years.

00:26:59 And the medial arch appeared about 1.8 million years ago.

00:27:03 We should focus on another element of our feet before moving on to other parts.

00:27:07 The little toe is, too, more important than it seems.

00:27:11 Whether you were born without it or lost it by accident, you can still walk.

00:27:16 But these little fingers are important to keep us standing.

00:27:20 They ensure balance.

00:27:22 At the back of your foot are 26 bones that join together to prevent you from tilting.

00:27:27 The little toe is part of this balance work.

00:27:30 Our ancestors, the great apes, needed their toes to climb, climb and swing on trees.

00:27:37 Today, we have traded our climbing skills for comfortable sofas and TV shows.

00:27:43 Well, let's look a little higher and talk about the appendix.

00:27:47 You might think it's useless.

00:27:49 But no. When a human being is in his mother's womb, this organ is already starting to work.

00:27:54 Around the 11th week of development, it begins to produce special cells that release useful hormones and compounds.

00:28:01 The appendix helps train the immune system's troops, making sure it forms a first-order defense.

00:28:08 It also collects all kinds of foreign substances, called antigens, from our digestive tract.

00:28:15 However, as food regimes evolve, this piece shrinks like a deflating baudry.

00:28:22 Unlike most other vestigial structures, the appendix is not always harmless.

00:28:27 It can turn into a real calvary.

00:28:30 By the way, the vestigial organs are the ones that have lost their main ancestral function.

00:28:35 Most of the time, these structures are no longer of apparent use.

00:28:39 Another famous vestigial example is that of wisdom teeth.

00:28:43 They are useless and have been causing us problems for centuries.

00:28:46 Yet, almost 95% of us have them.

00:28:49 And 90% of us may even be confronted one day or another with the discomfort of an included wisdom tooth.

00:28:56 If you don't have any, you can consider yourself lucky.

00:28:58 And here's another interesting fact about wisdom teeth.

00:29:02 Even if your teeth are covered with a mineral that is more tender than shark teeth,

00:29:06 new tests show that they are just as resistant.

00:29:10 Shark teeth are actually coated with a hardness similar to that of human wisdom teeth.

00:29:16 This is explained by the fact that their surfaces are made up of mineral crystals held together by proteins.

00:29:22 These prevent them from breaking easily in the event of an impact.

00:29:26 The difference between the use we make of our teeth and that of sharks is therefore their design,

00:29:31 and not their hardness.

00:29:33 Anthropologists have examined ancient skeletons.

00:29:36 They believe that our ancestors needed these additional teeth to chew hard foods,

00:29:41 such as roots and raw meat.

00:29:43 At the time, these additional teeth were very useful.

00:29:47 But we discovered cooking and, suddenly, our food became more tender and our jaws more reduced.

00:29:54 Geneticists have their own point of view on the matter.

00:29:57 This is a gene called MIH16,

00:30:00 which seems to play a role both in the size of the brain and in the characteristics of the jaw.

00:30:05 However, the exact role it played in the history of our evolution remains a bit mysterious.

00:30:11 Now, another useless thing is our eyelid.

00:30:14 Finally, not the normal eyelid.

00:30:16 We are talking about this little pink thing that hides at the corner of the eye.

00:30:19 Birds and other furry animals use it to push back dust and debris that could damage their eyes.

00:30:26 But in humans, it is largely vestigial.

00:30:29 Here is the long-palm muscle.

00:30:32 About 85% of us still wear it, and maybe you have it too.

00:30:37 You can test it by placing your hand on a flat surface and touching your ear and thumb.

00:30:43 If you notice a small group of tendons that make pirouettes in the middle of your wrist,

00:30:47 you know you found it.

00:30:49 It was used to grab objects and swing like Tarzan.

00:30:52 Let's continue with the trick of apprehension.

00:30:55 Even before being born, around the 16th week of your stay in your mother's womb,

00:30:59 you are already training to catch a cold.

00:31:01 You start by grabbing your umbilical cord.

00:31:03 When you finally arrive in the world, this reflex helps you hang on.

00:31:07 Funny fact.

00:31:09 Little monkeys can hang on one hand during lullabies, thanks to a similar trick.

00:31:14 On the other hand, we, humans, lose this super apprehension around the age of 3 months.

00:31:20 When you are still in gestation, you also have a mini tail.

00:31:23 But as you grow up, it disappears and these tiny vertebrae become your coccyx.

00:31:29 We humans and our cousins the big monkeys have no tail, unlike other animals.

00:31:34 Our ears also have vestigial muscles.

00:31:36 They allow animals to hear better and express certain feelings.

00:31:40 But in humans, these ear muscles are not very useful.

00:31:44 We have found other ways to listen and show our emotions.

00:31:48 However, some of us can still move their ears with a little training.

00:31:53 It is surprising to note that the nails of the toes are also part of the vestigial elements.

00:31:58 They are the first line of defense, because they protect the body against harmful microorganisms.

00:32:03 During our evolution, we have used the nails of our hands and feet to defend ourselves, dig and climb.

00:32:11 In the modern world, nails still come in handy, whether to peel a fruit or for the sweet sensation of scratching a snack.

00:32:18 On the other hand, the nails of the feet have retired.

00:32:22 But hey! We can still apply nail varnish to them.

00:32:26 For the love of style, they are certainly suitable for many people.

00:32:30 Humans are not the only ones to have limbs or useless organs.

00:32:34 In 1798, an anatomist examined a single bird unable to fly and gave his observations.

00:32:42 This avian species was none other than the ostrich.

00:32:45 Ostriches and cazoars are just a few examples of birds with vestigial wings.

00:32:51 From an anatomical point of view, they are rudimentary wings, unable to allow these corpulent creatures to fly.

00:32:58 However, they are not totally devoid of function.

00:33:02 They serve to maintain balance during fast races.

00:33:05 In addition, they allow to develop nuptial parades, helping these birds to attract potential partners.

00:33:12 Now, when it comes to animals, many of them shine too.

00:33:16 About 76% of marine animals, including jellyfish, greens, sharks and starfish, are bioluminescent.

00:33:24 They have a molecule called luciferin, which reacts with oxygen to create light.

00:33:30 For them, this glow is used to confuse predators, attract prey or warn others of a danger.

00:33:36 We humans can also shine.

00:33:38 Unfortunately, this glow is very weak and our eyes cannot see it.

00:33:43 Our body emits light, but it is about a thousand times weaker than what our eyes can detect.

00:33:49 Scientists have discovered that this glow changes throughout the day.

00:33:53 It is the weakest in the morning and the brightest in the late afternoon.

00:33:57 Our face shines more than the rest of our body.

00:34:00 It is thought to be due to the fact that our face is more exposed to the sun and that it contains melanin,

00:34:06 whose components can stimulate the production of light.

00:34:09 Some unique faculties distinguish us from the rest of the animal kingdom.

00:34:13 Did you know, for example, that man was the only animal capable of blushing?

00:34:17 It would seem that we have the exclusivity of this phenomenon on sunny days.

00:34:22 When we find ourselves in an embarrassing situation, our blood vessels dilate and that is what makes us blush.

00:34:28 Embarrassment is a rather complex emotion.

00:34:31 It is about understanding what others think of us, and it may be too complex for other animals.

00:34:36 It is interesting to note that bald Wacaris are also monkeys capable of blushing, but without giving it the same meaning.

00:34:43 For them, it is a proof of good health.

00:34:46 Speaking of good health, we must pay tribute to our bowels.

00:34:50 These include the stomach, the liver and many other things.

00:34:54 They are often called our "second brain".

00:34:57 The latter has its own nervous system, strong enough to send a hundred million messengers to the rest of your body.

00:35:04 Even if the connection between the brain and the stomach is cut off, it continues to operate.

00:35:09 They ensure the autonomous functioning of your digestive system.

00:35:14 In ten years, you will be someone completely different.

00:35:21 In any case, your skeleton will not be.

00:35:23 To reach its adult size, your skeleton goes through a process called "modeling", which means the development and formation of bones.

00:35:31 It turns out that it regenerates completely every ten years or so.

00:35:35 This process allows you to always have healthy bone cells that can support you and provide calcium to your body.

00:35:42 Speaking of the way the body regenerates, you make 25 million new cells every second.

00:35:49 This means that in about 15 seconds, you will have made more cells than there are inhabitants in Europe.

00:35:56 Think about it the next time you feel like you haven't been productive enough.

00:36:01 Some animals have eyes that must adapt to arid climates, like camels for example.

00:36:07 Their eyes are endowed with a third eyelid, but it is located at the corner of each eye.

00:36:12 As their environment is filled with small particles, they must clean their eyes more frequently than other species.

00:36:19 Now you see this little pink thing at the corner of your eye?

00:36:22 It's also a third eyelid, or at least what's left of it.

00:36:26 In humans, the third eyelid is no longer necessary because it no longer serves its initial purpose.

00:36:32 The next time you listen to your favorite song, try to pay attention to the beating of your heart.

00:36:38 If you listen carefully, you will notice that the beats sometimes synchronize with the rhythm of the music.

00:36:44 This does not work with all musical genres, but some air triggers the release of dopamine, which is the hormone of happiness.

00:36:52 This effect can also reduce your heart rate, your breathing rhythm, and your blood pressure.

00:36:58 Speaking of good-healthy hearts, if you ask, they beat on average about 75 times per minute.

00:37:05 This means that every year, a human heart can pump enough blood to fill an Olympic swimming pool.

00:37:12 What is even more fascinating is that if you connected all your blood vessels end to end, they could do two and a half times the Earth's circumference.

00:37:20 But we do not advise you to try to do it.

00:37:23 Your heart can also continue to beat even if it is removed from your body.

00:37:27 It is because it has its own internal battery that allows it to beat as long as it receives oxygen.

00:37:34 If you regularly get your nails done in a salon, you probably noticed that you need more appointments for your fingers than for your toes.

00:37:42 It is because the nails of the fingers actually grow faster.

00:37:46 The scientific explanation is still subject to debate, but many specialists think that it is because the nails were once claws somewhere in our ancient history.

00:37:56 Nowadays, they are flattened and widened since primates began to use tools in their daily lives, such as stones and branches.

00:38:05 The claws have therefore been used less and less, and have flattened to allow us to better use the palm of our hands.

00:38:12 As for why the nails of the hands grow faster than those of the feet, the short answer could be that we use our hands more than our feet.

00:38:20 Our nails are more exposed and we may have evolved to make them grow faster.

00:38:25 The more you use a certain part of your body, the more it is exposed to damage.

00:38:30 Speaking of fingers, it is high time to show our ears some recognition.

00:38:35 We underestimate their importance because we do not use them to hold objects, eat or write.

00:38:41 But recent studies have shown that losing the little finger of our dominant hand would have a devastating effect.

00:38:48 Specialists have not gathered enough data to provide precise figures, but according to what they have learned so far,

00:38:55 losing our little finger would considerably weaken our ability to predict, even if it is the least used finger.

00:39:02 If we removed the ring finger in addition, the effect would be even worse for our ability to predict.

00:39:08 Another recent study carried out in the United Kingdom showed that about 40% of people are satisfied with the appearance of their nose.

00:39:16 No matter what you think of yours, the human nose is a superhero in everyday life.

00:39:21 It acts as a heating, filter and humidifier.

00:39:26 Inside each nostril, there are small holes in the shape of shelves that contain blood vessels.

00:39:32 These heat the air before it reaches the other parts of our respiratory system.

00:39:37 The mucus that is there takes care of making the air more humid.

00:39:41 As for the filtering part, that's why we have nose hairs.

00:39:45 The small particles get stuck on these hairs, which helps to prevent pollen, spores, viruses or bacteria from reaching our lungs.

00:39:53 The cartoons make us believe that the sound our heart makes is due to the fact that it touches its environment when it beats.

00:40:00 In reality, this sound is produced by the opening and closing of the heart valves.

00:40:05 They are like small doors inside our heart that open and close to properly pump the blood from one side of the heart to the other.

00:40:13 For our body to function, the blood must flow at the right time and in the right direction.

00:40:18 Let's talk about teeth now.

00:40:20 Throughout your life, you will spend up to 40 days brushing your teeth.

00:40:25 And in case you're still wondering, teeth are not bones, even if they have a lot in common with them.

00:40:32 One of the main differences between bones and teeth is that our bones can regenerate.

00:40:37 They are living tissues. Our teeth are not, and they remain permanently damaged once broken.

00:40:43 Here's another surprising fact. We are the only species on this planet to have a chin.

00:40:49 This question is still being debated in the scientific community, but one of the reasons seems to be to make our jaws stronger.

00:40:56 As humans evolved, their teeth and jaw muscles became smaller and smaller.

00:41:02 They needed something to help them increase their jaw strength.

00:41:07 Most of us have developed specific features depending on the region of the globe we live in.

00:41:14 But there is a group of people, especially those who live at high altitudes, who have developed rather nice features.

00:41:21 High-altitude environments contain less oxygen.

00:41:25 However, not only do these people survive in these places, but they have adapted so well that they thrive there.

00:41:31 In the Andes, in South America, people have developed red blood cells that can transport a lot more oxygen.

00:41:38 This makes their circulatory system much more efficient.

00:41:42 People living in Tibet must have similar conditions, but surprisingly, they have adapted differently.

00:41:49 Tibetans can breathe faster in order to properly oxygenate their bodies.

00:41:54 You've probably heard the myth that dreams only last a few seconds.

00:41:59 This is true for some people, but not all dreams are as short.

00:42:03 There are many things we don't understand yet about how we dream.

00:42:08 But what we do know is that dreams occur mainly during the sleep phase called REM, or rapid eye movement.

00:42:16 During this period, your brain is more active, about as much as it is when it is awake.

00:42:21 And we call it REM because during this sleep phase, your eyes tend to move a lot.

00:42:27 Dreams can also occur during the other phases of sleep, but you have less chance of remembering them.

00:42:33 As for the duration of each dream, it can range from a few seconds to 30 minutes.

00:42:38 In addition, you have more chance of remembering a dream if you are awake during the REM phase.

00:42:43 Most people have 3 to 5 dreams per night, but some people can have up to 7.

00:42:49 If this seems unlikely to you, remember that you immediately forget most of your dreams.

00:42:55 Just as we have unique digital prints, we also develop unique language prints.

00:43:00 Research has shown that a few 10,000 taste buds on our tongues are arranged according to a unique model.

00:43:07 About 80% of what you think is a taste is actually a smell.

00:43:12 This combination of taste and smell that we perceive is what is called "flavor".

00:43:17 This is probably because our smell is about 10,000 times more sensitive than our sense of taste.

00:43:23 Our mouth has another superpower called "mouth sensation".

00:43:27 With the help of the somatosensory system, it allows us to feel the texture of food.

00:43:33 This system is activated by physical contact such as pressure, touch, or vibrations.

00:43:39 It is even sensitive to pain and temperature.

00:43:42 We also use our tongues to identify the size, shape, and texture of food,

00:43:48 which is crucial for proper chewing and digestion.

00:43:51 The tongue is also used to stir food in our mouth, to make a face, and to play the trumpet.

00:43:58 Look at this guy with a red skin.

00:44:01 He stayed on Mars for a good minute.

00:44:04 That's why he seems to have used the wrong shade of self-toning.

00:44:07 All the carotenoids contained in carrots, sweet potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, and pumpkins protect him from UV rays.

00:44:16 The more he eats, the more he turns orange.

00:44:19 As for his body, it is due to Martian weight.

00:44:22 Gravity here makes us perceive our weight differently, and if you want to be sure on Mars, you have to eat a lot.

00:44:28 For example, if a person weighs 68 kg on Earth, they do not weigh more than 30 on Mars.

00:44:34 Eating more can help reduce the gap between gravity and weight.

00:44:38 Mercury is quite different.

00:44:40 It is warmer there than on one of the hottest asphalts of the day, but colder than the castle of Elsa at night.

00:44:46 You have to be made of metal with a high melting point to survive here.

00:44:51 But for us, ordinary humans, we would be quickly grilled. Literally.

00:44:55 Although Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, Venus remains the warmest.

00:45:00 Life on Venus?

00:45:02 Talk more about the evil twin of the sun.

00:45:05 The temperature there is also generally around 465 ° C on average.

00:45:10 Surviving at the boiling point of water, or in the extreme heat of Venus, is a challenge for most terrestrial species.

00:45:17 Only a handful of them can withstand boiling temperatures.

00:45:21 The others rush to Starbucks to have an ice cream bar as soon as the first rays of the spring sun.

00:45:27 No human being can therefore evolve enough to survive on Venus.

00:45:31 The only creatures that could thrive there are probably tardigrades and weird people who put spicy sauce on everything.

00:45:38 You wonder what tardigrades are?

00:45:40 Well, they are tiny and adorable creatures that look like caterpillars and are incredibly resistant.

00:45:47 They can withstand boiling water, the depths of a sea pit, and the glacial void and no light from space.

00:45:54 Recently, tardigrades have been the subject of a scientific study on board a spaceship that unfortunately crashed on the moon.

00:46:02 Scientists think that tardigrades have been able to survive the impact.

00:46:06 Would you like to transform into this creature and live on Venus?

00:46:10 Well, we're done with terrestrial planets, let's move on to the gas giant.

00:46:15 Now, look at this guy who comes from Saturn.

00:46:18 He has fins, not arms.

00:46:20 He has small holes in the flap of external ears instead of normal ears.

00:46:24 Most of this gas giant is colder than your ex-boyfriend's heart, because the temperature there is about -140 ° C.

00:46:31 You can't walk on it, but you can turn into a snowball or an ice crystal if you feel like it.

00:46:38 The situation is quite similar on Jupiter, so turning into a seal and prelacing yourself is probably not a bad idea.

00:46:45 At least you can live there without paying rent.

00:46:49 And don't even tell me about Neptune and Uranus.

00:46:52 These are ice giants that have no solid surface, so these guys with clenched claws that we see in the movies, yes, they don't exist.

00:47:00 Besides, these two are not really welcoming to us.

00:47:04 I'll stick to my sweet potatoes on Mars, thank you very much.

00:47:08 The human body is a perfectly balanced machine, isn't it?

00:47:12 Well, not really in my case.

00:47:14 Normally, all these parts work perfectly together to allow us to prosper and, of course, to stay alive.

00:47:21 Each of our organs is essential to our daily activities, whether it's breathing, walking, talking

00:47:27 or finding brilliant ideas that make humanity move forward.

00:47:30 But are they really essential?

00:47:33 Do we really need all these parts of the body?

00:47:36 Or are some of them just old relics that we came across during this strange game?

00:47:42 What evolution?

00:47:44 Wisdom teeth, for example?

00:47:46 Well, I've been taken them off for a long time.

00:47:48 And yes, these are those pairs of teeth stuck at the bottom of the mouth for which you often have to go to the dentist.

00:47:54 They are also called third molar.

00:47:57 And although they can be used to chew food, many people think they are simply useless.

00:48:04 And know that about 22% of people in the world don't even have these four molars in their mouth.

00:48:09 When they grow, they are likely to be enclosed, which means they remain stuck in the bone of the jaw

00:48:16 and cannot come out of the gums properly.

00:48:19 All this because our jaws are often too small to accommodate them.

00:48:23 Some scientists think that this is because we have evolved towards narrower jaws over time.

00:48:30 Recent data also show that what we eat when we are children could also be at risk, but it is difficult to be sure.

00:48:39 Apparently, consuming difficult foods to chew, such as raw vegetables and nuts, can stimulate the growth of jaws,

00:48:47 while consuming soft and transformed food can somehow slow it down.

00:48:52 This leaves little room for the teeth at the bottom to develop.

00:48:56 Will they completely disappear in the future?

00:48:58 I guess we, humanoid mammals, will have to wait to see what they estimate.

00:49:03 Now let's talk about the vomeronasal organ, or as I like to call it, the secret instrument of the nose.

00:49:10 You see, rodents and other mammals have this formidable ability to communicate with each other

00:49:15 thanks to chemical signals called pheromones.

00:49:18 And guess what? They have a special organ.

00:49:21 The vomeronasal organ, or OVN, which helps them detect these pheromones.

00:49:25 This is where things get interesting.

00:49:28 While most adult human beings have something that looks like an OVN in their nose,

00:49:34 it turns out that it is essentially a useless vestige.

00:49:38 Neuroscientists even claim that if we examine the anatomy of this organ,

00:49:42 we do not distinguish any cell resembling that of similar organs in other mammals.

00:49:47 In addition, in humans, this organ does not seem to communicate with the brain.

00:49:51 There is not only bad news, however.

00:49:54 Even if the human OVN has little interest, it seems that it can still react to certain pheromones.

00:50:00 Will humans keep this organ on their list of evolutionary projects in progress?

00:50:04 For now, let's put it in the pile of "maybe".

00:50:08 And now, here's a little story.

00:50:10 Animals with a tail need this structure for many reasons.

00:50:14 Some need it for their balance, others to move, others to attract potential partners.

00:50:21 But did you know that when we are a few weeks old in our mother's womb, we also have a tail?

00:50:27 That's right. We have a small complete tail with its own vertebrae.

00:50:31 As we develop, this tail disappears like magic, and we only have our faithful coccyx.

00:50:38 Humans and great apes have the particularity of not having tails, unlike other primates.

00:50:44 The reason why great apes have lost their tails remains a mystery.

00:50:49 But we all agree that it distinguishes us from baboons and other macaques.

00:50:54 However, from time to time, a human is born with a small vestigial tail.

00:50:59 It's cute, isn't it?

00:51:01 But don't get too excited, because these tails have no vertebrae

00:51:04 and can sometimes be associated with a pathology of the spine.

00:51:08 Anyway, these tails are generally harmless and can be easily removed by a quick surgical intervention.

00:51:16 And let's be honest, it's not like we're going to miss it.

00:51:20 After all, who needs a tail when you have arms and legs to move?

00:51:25 And then, can you only imagine trying to find pants your size with a tail that protrudes in the back?

00:51:31 It's not very aesthetic.

00:51:33 It's unlikely that humans will need a tail in the future.

00:51:36 So I guess future generations can already say goodbye to these tails.

00:51:41 Humans also have a funny little membrane fold in the inner corner of the eyes,

00:51:46 called the semilunar fold of the conjunctive.

00:51:49 It's actually a third eyelid that we still find in some animals, like gorillas and other primates.

00:51:58 But what's more curious is that even our close relatives, chimpanzees, have this little fold that seems useless.

00:52:05 So we're not the only ones with this weird eye-ring.

00:52:09 Speaking of unusual membranes, they play various roles in different animals,

00:52:13 such as eye protection against dirt and moisture, or iris dissemination against predators.

00:52:19 Some species can even see through their transparent membranes when they are underwater.

00:52:25 Now, the reason why we, humans, have lost our third eyelid remains a bit mysterious.

00:52:32 Maybe the evolution of our habitat and the physiology of our eyes made it useless,

00:52:38 or maybe we've become too cool to have a third eyelid.

00:52:42 Who knows?

00:52:43 With or without vestibular organs, it is interesting to imagine what humans could look like in the future.

00:52:50 Many organs have become obsolete due to the evolution of our lifestyle.

00:52:55 Would you like to take a look at what we could look like in the future?

00:53:00 And in the same vein, or artery, have you ever heard of the concept of the "textile claw"?

00:53:05 It's when you spend so much time typing on your phone or your laptop

00:53:10 that your hand starts to have cramps that give it a form of claw.

00:53:13 And this is just one of the physical changes that could happen to us

00:53:17 if we don't take care of our body in this world dominated by technology.

00:53:21 But our hands are not the only ones concerned.

00:53:23 We could end up with elbows at 90 degrees by constantly holding our devices at this angle.

00:53:30 And even a smaller brain due to all the distractions and overload of information.

00:53:36 Well, I know what you're thinking.

00:53:38 We're not going to give up technology and go back to the Stone Age.

00:53:42 And you're probably right, we don't have to get there.

00:53:45 But we have to be aware of the potential negative effects and take measures to reduce them.

00:53:51 That's why a team of designers has put together these creative efforts to present Mindy to us.

00:53:56 A human of the future whose body would have changed physically

00:53:59 depending on the constant and endless use of smartphones,

00:54:03 laptops and other types of time-lapse devices.

00:54:07 Although the exaggerated alterations of Mindy's body may not represent our near future,

00:54:12 the concerns that surround them are real.

00:54:15 So what can we do?

00:54:17 One suggestion would be to regularly move away from our screens and to stretch our legs a little.

00:54:22 Maybe even encourage yoga in the office or dance parties to circulate blood.

00:54:27 It is not necessary to completely give up technology,

00:54:30 but we must be aware of its effects on our body and mind.

00:54:34 In several years, we could even get smaller.

00:54:37 A scientist estimates that if we were smaller, our body would need less energy,

00:54:42 which would be very useful on our increasingly overpopulated planet.

00:54:46 It's funny to think how different our lives are today from that of hunter-gatherers.

00:54:51 At the time, we had to interact with only a handful of people every day.

00:54:56 Today, remembering everyone's names is a very important feature,

00:55:01 and we could even be led to improve it.

00:55:04 And know that technology could actually play a role in our evolution.

00:55:08 Some researchers think that one day we could have implants in our brain

00:55:12 that would help us remember people's names.

00:55:15 It's like having a biological ring directly in your body.

00:55:18 Wouldn't that be practical?

00:55:20 And who knows, maybe in the future we will even have a visible technology that will be part of our appearance.

00:55:25 Imagine an artificial eye capable of perceiving different colors and images.

00:55:29 And I'm not even talking about what we could look like if we colonized Mars.

00:55:34 Due to its low gravity, our body could change in all kinds of ways.

00:55:38 We could have longer arms and legs, even hair as long as our ancestors of Neanderthals.

00:55:44 It's hard to determine what we could look like in the future

00:55:48 without having very precise data to test these projections.

00:55:51 But we can say that these changes will be at least interesting.

00:55:54 As for me, the least we can say is that it's too late.

00:55:57 I've already said more than 1,400 words and it's time to leave.

00:56:01 See you later.

00:56:03 I don't want to scare you or anything,

00:56:05 but know that every second your body creates 25 million new cells.

00:56:09 I'm going to do the math for you.

00:56:11 That means that in about 15 seconds, you will have produced more cells than there are people in the United States.

00:56:17 Think about it the next time you feel like you haven't been productive enough.

00:56:21 It may only represent 2% of our body mass,

00:56:25 but our brain absorbs 20% of our blood and oxygen intake.

00:56:29 Our brain can also produce enough energy to power an electric bulb,

00:56:33 at least when we're awake.

00:56:35 Have you ever wondered what the biggest human organ is?

00:56:38 It's your skin.

00:56:39 And it's on the palm of your hand and the plant of your feet that it's the thickest.

00:56:43 I know, I know, I hate dust too,

00:56:46 but you're partly responsible for this filth on your TV screen.

00:56:50 Yes, human beings lose about 600,000 skin particles in an hour.

00:56:56 And the biggest part of the dust in your home is actually composed.

00:57:00 You have a nice layer of it too.

00:57:03 Nowadays, we consider it more of a beauty mark.

00:57:06 But the reason why people are born with what is called a Cupid's bow is actually quite fascinating.

00:57:11 As our traits begin to develop even before our birth,

00:57:14 it seems that the Cupid's bow is actually the place where our face, well, closes,

00:57:20 where the right and left sides meet.

00:57:23 For humans, this may not be so obvious,

00:57:26 but if you look at the muzzle of your dog,

00:57:28 you'll see that there's a vertical line, all straight, just below the nostrils.

00:57:32 Yes, dogs also have their Cupid's bow.

00:57:35 Did you know that you were born with more water than you have today?

00:57:38 At birth, we have about 300 bones.

00:57:41 But as we age, some of them merge.

00:57:44 That's why at adulthood, we end up with about 200 bones.

00:57:49 Although your teeth are mainly part of your skeleton, they're not really bones.

00:57:54 However, they look like them and share some characteristics with them,

00:57:58 like being the hardest elements of your body.

00:58:00 But why was this idea received?

00:58:02 Mainly because teeth and bones contain both calcium.

00:58:06 To be more precise, about 99% of our body's calcium is in our bones and teeth.

00:58:12 The rest is in our blood.

00:58:14 So what makes them different, you ask?

00:58:17 Well, it's a question of regeneration and, of course, of care.

00:58:21 Your bones can repair themselves, but your teeth can't.

00:58:26 That's why we have dentists.

00:58:28 We don't just have unique fingerprints.

00:58:30 Our tongues are too.

00:58:33 Let's show that the few 10,000 taste buds that cover it

00:58:36 are arranged according to a unique pattern, specific to each individual.

00:58:41 About 80% of what you think is the taste of something is actually its smell.

00:58:45 The combination of taste and smell is what we call taste.

00:58:50 That's probably because our smell is about 10,000 times more powerful than our sense of taste.

00:58:57 The next time you listen to your favorite song,

00:59:00 try to pay attention to your heartbeat.

00:59:03 Do you hear that?

00:59:04 Yes, it's true.

00:59:05 When you listen to music, your heartbeat syncs with the rhythm of the song.

00:59:10 And speaking of your heart, sometimes you wonder

00:59:13 when it's in good health, it beats on average 75 times per minute.

00:59:17 That means that over a year,

00:59:19 a human heart can pump enough blood to fill an Olympic pool.

00:59:23 What's even more fascinating is that if you connected all your blood vessels end to end,

00:59:28 you'd be able to go around the Earth four times.

00:59:31 But that would be really bad, so don't try it.

00:59:34 We're the only species on Earth to have a chin.

00:59:38 This subject is still the subject of debate in the scientific community,

00:59:41 but one of the reasons seems to be that the chin would make our jaws stronger.

00:59:45 As humans evolved, their teeth and jaw muscles became smaller and smaller.

00:59:51 They needed something to help them increase the power of their jaws.

00:59:55 The transparent part of your eye is called the cornea,

00:59:58 and it promotes the passage of light.

01:00:01 It's also the only part of your heart that isn't connected to your blood system.

01:00:05 Why?

01:00:06 Because it's designed to get the oxygen it needs directly from the surrounding air.

01:00:11 If you removed all the fat in a healthy human body,

01:00:15 it would be enough to make seven bars of soap.

01:00:18 We also produce enough saliva to fill two pools.

01:00:22 So, do we prick a head?

01:00:24 Do you know how much food you ingest in a lifetime?

01:00:29 I'll spare you the calculations.

01:00:31 An average person eats about 33 tons of food from birth to death.

01:00:36 How much does that make up for an idea?

01:00:38 Well, that's about six elephants.

01:00:40 In peanuts, that's a lot more.

01:00:42 We all carry about 1.8 kilos of bacteria in our bodies at any given moment.

01:00:48 But don't run that fast at the doctor's.

01:00:51 Most of these bacteria are actually good for you.

01:00:54 They have specific functions in the human body,

01:00:56 for example, for digestion and the immune system.

01:00:59 If you want to get a precise idea of your size,

01:01:02 make sure you measure yourself in the morning.

01:01:05 Because you're about a centimeter taller when you wake up.

01:01:09 Believe me, it's not magic.

01:01:11 It's simply because throughout the day,

01:01:13 the cartilage between the bones and the spine crumbles and compresses,

01:01:18 making you smaller when you go to bed.

01:01:22 We all know that a kind of energy circulates in our body.

01:01:25 So we emit a small amount of light.

01:01:29 It's too weak for us to be able to see it,

01:01:32 but it's no lie to say that right now, you're literally shining.

01:01:36 The author and comedian Mark Twain once said,

01:01:39 "Man is the only animal that blushes, and the only one who has good reason to do so."

01:01:43 That's true.

01:01:44 But all humans can't blush.

01:01:46 And those who do blush to different degrees.

01:01:49 Is blushing a result of our evolution?

01:01:52 It seems so.

01:01:54 We blush to communicate without using words,

01:01:57 just like dogs wag their tails when they're happy or excited.

01:02:01 So, basically, blushing can translate as "I'm embarrassed,"

01:02:05 just like we shiver when we're cold.

01:02:08 If the human eye were a camera, it would have about 576 megapixels.

01:02:13 Our vision of the world changes throughout our lives.

01:02:16 At birth, we see the world upside down for a while.

01:02:19 Our brain is programmed to put the inverted image back in place,

01:02:23 which forms on our retina through the convex cornea of the eye.

01:02:26 But it doesn't start immediately at birth.

01:02:29 I'm sure you enjoy your weekly cardio and weight training sessions,

01:02:33 but the strongest muscle in the human body is certainly not the one you work so hard on.

01:02:37 It's actually in your jaws.

01:02:39 Your jaws are designed in the same way as a nutcracker.

01:02:42 Why?

01:02:43 So you can bite gently, using as little energy as possible.

01:02:47 The fastest muscle is located in your eyes.

01:02:50 That's probably why we invented the expression "in a wink"

01:02:54 to designate something that happens very quickly.

01:02:57 Did you know that your nose has an integrated reinitialization function?

01:03:01 It happens when you sneeze.

01:03:03 Sneezing is actually a way for your nose to get rid of all the bad particles that inhaled it.

01:03:08 So it's not necessarily a sign that you're in a bad mood.

01:03:11 You think your little finger is weak and a little bit useless?

01:03:16 Well, it's actually responsible for about 50% of the strength of your hand.

01:03:21 We still haven't understood exactly why people bawl.

01:03:24 We're not the only creatures to do it.

01:03:27 Baboons, Indian pigs and fighting fish bawl to warn other animals not to approach them.

01:03:32 Penguins seem to bawl during nuptial parades.

01:03:35 And snakes sometimes bawl after a good meal.

01:03:38 Happy that they ate well.

01:03:40 According to some theories, bawling would allow us to absorb more oxygen.

01:03:44 While other theories indicate that it helps us regulate our body temperature.

01:03:48 So in the end, we still don't know anything.

01:03:50 Our ears and nose are the only organs that continue to grow throughout our lives.

01:03:55 Our eyes remain more or less the same size from start to finish.

01:03:59 It's at the age of three months that our nose reaches its maximum size.

01:04:03 You're as bald as a monkey.

01:04:08 No, that's not an insult.

01:04:10 Your fingerprints are not unique.

01:04:12 You can hear better if you cover your ears.

01:04:15 Are these statements true or are they just legends?

01:04:18 When a person lies, you can unmask them with your nose.

01:04:23 Is that true?

01:04:25 Yep.

01:04:33 Researchers at the University of Grenada have discovered that when a person lies,

01:04:38 the temperature around the nose and in the corner of the eyes increases.

01:04:42 This phenomenon was called the Pinocchio effect.

01:04:46 So what?

01:04:48 Humans have the same amount of hair as chimpanzees.

01:04:52 Do you believe it?

01:04:54 It's surprising, but it's still true.

01:05:02 The number of hairs on a human body and on the body of a chimpanzee

01:05:05 or any other monkey of the same size as us is almost equal.

01:05:09 The only difference is that human hair is often thin and colorless.

01:05:13 It's hard to count them.

01:05:16 Your two lungs are identical.

01:05:20 It's likely, but is it true?

01:05:22 It's a legend.

01:05:31 Your left lung is made up of two lobes,

01:05:33 while your right lung is divided into three parts.

01:05:36 In addition, the left lung is a little smaller to leave room for the heart.

01:05:40 Besides, your lungs contain about 2,400 km of airways.

01:05:46 That's more than half the distance between New York and Los Angeles.

01:05:50 They also contain more than 300 million alveoli,

01:05:53 these little air bags in the shape of balloons.

01:05:56 You've probably heard of this before.

01:05:59 Eating carrots is good for your eyesight.

01:06:01 Unfortunately, it's not true.

01:06:11 And it's not true either that if you eat carrots, you see better at night.

01:06:14 These are indeed vegetables full of vitamin A,

01:06:17 very useful for the body and for the eyes.

01:06:19 But if you need glasses, you'll have to wear them even if you eat lots of carrots.

01:06:23 Some people are naked when they look at the sun.

01:06:27 Is that possible?

01:06:29 Yes, about 25% of the population reacts by being naked when they look at the sun.

01:06:41 This phenomenon even has a name.

01:06:43 The photosternitatory reflex.

01:06:47 Shaving strengthens the hair and makes them darker.

01:06:51 Is that true?

01:06:53 Yes, it's true.

01:06:55 Don't worry, it's a legend.

01:07:00 You may feel that your hair is thicker, grows faster or changes color after shaving.

01:07:06 But that's just an illusion.

01:07:09 Shaving cuts the follicle cleanly,

01:07:12 which gives the impression that the hair is thicker and darker.

01:07:15 But if the hair grows back completely, it will be exactly the same as before.

01:07:21 Digital footprints are unique.

01:07:23 That's obviously true, isn't it?

01:07:25 The problem with this statement is that researchers can't prove that digital footprints are unique.

01:07:37 It's apparently true, but impossible to verify.

01:07:40 And even if it's improbable,

01:07:42 we could one day find two people with the same digital footprints.

01:07:45 Humans have more than five senses.

01:07:49 Is it a legend or is it reality?

01:07:52 We have five main senses.

01:08:00 Sight, smell, touch, taste and smell.

01:08:03 But what about thermo-perception?

01:08:05 The perception of heat.

01:08:07 Gnosis-ception?

01:08:08 The perception of pain.

01:08:10 Or the perception of your body?

01:08:12 The proprioception.

01:08:14 Close your eyes and touch your nose.

01:08:16 It's a perfect example of proprioception.

01:08:19 The list is still long.

01:08:21 Some experts believe that humans have between 21 and 53 senses.

01:08:25 Fingers flicker when you spend too much time in the water.

01:08:29 It's for your safety.

01:08:31 Is it true?

01:08:32 What do you think?

01:08:33 Researchers think it's true, but let's start from the beginning.

01:08:42 Fingers flicker when blood vessels shrink.

01:08:45 It's the nervous system that makes blood vessels shrink when you spend too much time in the water.

01:08:50 Your body removes blood from your fingers.

01:08:53 Blood vessels are thinner and the skin adapts to their new shape.

01:08:57 That's why it's funny.

01:08:59 Researchers aren't 100% sure,

01:09:01 but they think this mechanism is triggered to allow you to have a better grip with wet hands and feet.

01:09:07 Humans only use 10% of their brain's capacity.

01:09:11 I hope it's a legend.

01:09:13 Is it true?

01:09:17 Yes, it is.

01:09:19 We use 100% of our brain's capacity every day.

01:09:23 This organ is still active even when we sleep.

01:09:27 When you snore, the frontal lobe, which is responsible for your superior thoughts,

01:09:31 and the areas that allow you to perceive your environment, are still active.

01:09:35 Some people see with brighter colors.

01:09:40 How does it work?

01:09:42 It's true.

01:09:44 There are three types of photoreceptors in the eyes of a normal person,

01:09:48 which allow you to distinguish the colors of blue, red and green spectra.

01:09:52 Thanks to these photoreceptors, most people can distinguish about one million different shades.

01:09:57 But people with tetrachromatism have four photoreceptors in their eyes.

01:10:02 They can distinguish about 100 million different shades.

01:10:06 It's an extremely rare anomaly that affects women more often than men.

01:10:12 But what's funny is that most people with tetrachromatism

01:10:16 don't know they see the world with brighter colors.

01:10:20 You hear better if you close your ears.

01:10:23 It's a bit of a paradox.

01:10:25 But is it true?

01:10:27 Yes, it is.

01:10:29 But it's not true.

01:10:31 Is it true?

01:10:33 Yes, if you are in a noisy place, for example in a club or at a concert,

01:10:42 you should close your ears to hear your friends better.

01:10:46 Press on your tragus.

01:10:48 It's this little cartilage at the entrance of your auditory tract.

01:10:52 Lean your ear to your friend.

01:10:54 And that's it.

01:10:56 You can avoid hearing loss.

01:10:58 Ah, that would be really convenient.

01:11:01 But is it a legend?

01:11:03 No, it's true.

01:11:10 You just need to pinch your nose root.

01:11:14 In doing so, the brain receives an alarm signal

01:11:17 and slows down all processes in progress, including hearing loss.

01:11:23 OK, you're still watching five episodes of your favorite show.

01:11:27 You'll sleep more tomorrow to recover.

01:11:29 But is that possible?

01:11:31 Unfortunately, no.

01:11:39 You can always try to recover lost sleep hours

01:11:41 with naps or morning fat on the weekend.

01:11:44 But that won't change anything.

01:11:47 If you didn't sleep enough the night before

01:11:50 or if you went to bed late,

01:11:52 morning fat until noon won't change anything.

01:11:55 And you might feel dizzy if you sleep too much.

01:11:59 Some people have more ribs than others.

01:12:02 Is that true or not?

01:12:04 It's true.

01:12:11 Most people have 12 pairs of ribs, 24 in total.

01:12:15 But out of 200 people, one has a 25th rib.

01:12:19 It's a cervical rib that forms at the base of the neck,

01:12:22 above the clavicle.

01:12:24 It can form on the right or left side,

01:12:26 and even on both sides of the body.

01:12:28 Those with this extra rib probably don't know.

01:12:32 It's rare that it forms completely

01:12:35 and can simply look like body tissue.

01:12:38 In this case, it's not even visible to the X-ray.

01:12:41 You have to wait at least half an hour

01:12:43 before going to bathe after eating.

01:12:46 You've probably heard that phrase before.

01:12:48 But is it true?

01:12:51 It's a legend.

01:12:53 We think that after a meal with the pigeon,

01:12:56 blood moves to the stomach to help with digestion.

01:13:00 Your muscles won't receive enough blood,

01:13:03 which would cause cramps.

01:13:06 But in reality, there's no risk

01:13:08 if you take a bath after eating.

01:13:11 You have enough blood in your muscles.

01:13:14 Some people's snoring is a sign

01:13:17 that they're not as loud as a kitchen robot.

01:13:20 What do you think?

01:13:22 On average, when someone snores,

01:13:30 the noise doesn't exceed 60 decibels,

01:13:33 which corresponds to the volume of a normal conversation.

01:13:36 But sometimes, snoring can reach 80 decibels,

01:13:39 which corresponds to the noise of a mixer.

01:13:42 Not everyone has a big nose.

01:13:45 Is it possible?

01:13:47 Yes, out of 10,000 people,

01:13:55 two have strange-shaped noses.

01:13:58 They usually look like lock holes.

01:14:01 This anomaly is called colobome.

01:14:04 Surprisingly, some people with this characteristic

01:14:07 have no vision problems.

01:14:10 You may have this physical feature without knowing it,

01:14:13 because sometimes, even x-rays miss it.

01:14:16 We have, for the most part, 12 pairs of ribs,

01:14:19 that is, 24 ribs in all.

01:14:22 However, some people have 25.

01:14:25 One in 200 people is born with this little plus.

01:14:28 It's called cervical rib syndrome.

01:14:31 This rib, in addition, is generally located

01:14:34 in the middle of the spine,

01:14:37 at the base of the neck and just above the clavicles.

01:14:40 It's nothing alarming.

01:14:43 Most of the time, the cervical ribs go unnoticed,

01:14:46 and if they ever cause pain,

01:14:49 they are easy to remove.

01:14:52 Do you see the huskies?

01:14:55 Have you noticed that their eyes are sometimes

01:14:58 of two different colors?

01:15:01 Some humans also have this feature.

01:15:04 There are heterosexual huskies,

01:15:07 which means "different",

01:15:10 and chroma, which means "color".

01:15:13 There are cases of total, central or partial heterochromia.

01:15:16 When the eyes of the person are of two completely different colors,

01:15:19 let's say a brown eye and a green eye,

01:15:22 we talk about total heterochromia.

01:15:25 When the outline of the pupil is of a different color

01:15:28 compared to the rest of the iris,

01:15:31 we talk about partial heterochromia.

01:15:34 You are born with this feature,

01:15:37 but it can also occur at a specific time,

01:15:40 such as after an accident.

01:15:43 It's still very rare.

01:15:46 In the United States,

01:15:49 people with this feature are less than 200,000.

01:15:52 Let's say it's pretty cool anyway.

01:15:55 Speaking of the color of the eyes,

01:15:58 you may have thought it was blue,

01:16:01 and you're not entirely wrong.

01:16:04 The percentage of people with blue eyes

01:16:07 is estimated to be between 8 and 17% worldwide.

01:16:10 As for gray eyes,

01:16:13 they are even less common.

01:16:16 Less than 1% of the population has eyes of this color.

01:16:19 This very rare feature is due to a low level of melanin

01:16:22 in the layers of the iris.

01:16:25 There are even rarer colors,

01:16:28 such as red and purple,

01:16:31 but it can simply be a symptom of a particular state of health.

01:16:34 There are people who are lucky enough

01:16:37 to distinguish 100 million different colors,

01:16:40 and without the help of gadgets.

01:16:43 We distinguish colors

01:16:46 thanks to photoreceptors in our eyes.

01:16:49 We generally have three types of photoreceptors

01:16:52 in our eyes.

01:16:55 Researchers believe there is a small group of people

01:16:58 called tetrachromats,

01:17:01 and they have four types of photoreceptors.

01:17:04 To date, researchers have identified only women

01:17:07 with this feature.

01:17:10 Do you see this little piece of flesh hanging at the bottom of your throat?

01:17:13 Yes, the one that helps you swallow.

01:17:16 It's a lute, also called uvula.

01:17:19 Most people are born with what is called a biphid lute,

01:17:22 a lute with a slit or fork.

01:17:25 It's great for a party.

01:17:28 Joking aside,

01:17:31 people with biphid lutes

01:17:34 may have problems eating, drinking, and speaking.

01:17:37 They may also have digestion problems

01:17:40 and have a strange speech.

01:17:43 But it depends on the size of the slit of the lute.

01:17:46 Here is a feature that is not ideal

01:17:49 to enjoy your holidays.

01:17:52 But people who are meant to enjoy them

01:17:55 are more effective with less sleep.

01:17:58 It is said that Nikola Tesla, Margaret Thatcher,

01:18:01 and Winston Churchill had this super rare feature.

01:18:04 This gene, called DEC2,

01:18:07 helps regulate circadian rhythms.

01:18:10 These are our natural biological clocks

01:18:13 that help us feel tired or hungry.

01:18:16 A person with this rare mutation

01:18:19 has a shorter sleep cycle than the average person.

01:18:22 They will feel rested even after sleeping for 4 or 5 hours.

01:18:25 I would love to have the same super power!

01:18:28 What would you say of a genetic mutation

01:18:31 that allows you to have superhero bones?

01:18:34 The bones become virtually unbreakable

01:18:37 and the skin is less prone to aging.

01:18:40 It would seem that with this mutation

01:18:43 you can get out of any accident and resist as long as it goes.

01:18:46 Some people have a very attractive feature

01:18:49 that can go unnoticed at first sight.

01:18:52 It presents what is called the distichiasis,

01:18:55 a second row of thorns.

01:18:58 If you ever wanted to know more

01:19:01 about the medical aspect of this feature,

01:19:04 it is the result of a genetic mutation of the FOXC2 gene.

01:19:07 It may look pretty,

01:19:10 but people affected by distichiasis

01:19:13 may feel discomfort in the eyes

01:19:16 and in some cases, they may have vision problems.

01:19:19 You may never have heard of the hair-drying syndrome,

01:19:22 but you may have it.

01:19:25 I know, the name says it all,

01:19:28 but just for your information,

01:19:31 it makes your hair dry and messy.

01:19:34 It is so messy that you can't comb it.

01:19:37 They also tend to grow in all directions.

01:19:40 As for the color,

01:19:43 hair is usually light or silver.

01:19:46 We usually have cylindrical hair.

01:19:49 People affected by this syndrome

01:19:52 have triangular hair, heart-shaped or simply flat.

01:19:55 It is an extremely rare syndrome.

01:19:58 It is only counted in 100 confirmed cases

01:20:01 and it is the most common.

01:20:04 Most humans have evolved by developing features

01:20:07 depending on the geographic area where they live.

01:20:10 But there are some individuals,

01:20:13 especially those who live at altitude,

01:20:16 who have developed rather cool features.

01:20:19 Let me explain.

01:20:22 There is less oxygen at altitude.

01:20:25 Not only have these individuals adapted to it,

01:20:28 but the red blood cells in the South Pacific

01:20:31 carry much more oxygen than the average.

01:20:34 Their circulatory system is much more efficient.

01:20:37 In other similar environments,

01:20:40 individuals have adapted to their way.

01:20:43 They are able to breathe more

01:20:46 to meet their oxygen needs.

01:20:49 This is a feature that has an aesthetic interest,

01:20:52 but has almost no impact on health.

01:20:55 People with this feature

01:20:58 have little melanocytes,

01:21:01 the cells that produce hair pigments

01:21:04 in certain parts of the hair.

01:21:07 Decolored hair is generally located

01:21:10 at the front of the scalp.

01:21:13 It can also be eyebrows or eyelashes.

01:21:16 It is a feature that exists from birth

01:21:19 and that persists throughout life.

01:21:22 I think it's super cool.

01:21:25 We all know that coriander doesn't please everyone.

01:21:28 I don't know what you think,

01:21:31 but to me it tastes like soap.

01:21:34 It's not really a matter of taste,

01:21:37 but rather of genetics.

01:21:40 A study conducted on 30,000 individuals

01:21:43 showed that people who consider coriander

01:21:46 to taste like soap have a particular gene

01:21:49 that makes them taste like it.

01:21:52 If you know these people,

01:21:55 but you want to give them a chance,

01:21:58 you can try this little trick

01:22:01 or ask the people who cook at your house

01:22:04 to fold the leaves before using them.

01:22:07 Why?

01:22:10 Because by crushing the leaves,

01:22:13 the components responsible for this soap taste

01:22:16 are not the only ones we have.

01:22:19 Scientists say that people have

01:22:22 between 9 and 20 senses in total.

01:22:25 Among them, thermoception,

01:22:28 which is the sense of heat,

01:22:31 and equilibrioception, which is the sense of balance.

01:22:34 There is also the sense of time that passes,

01:22:37 although not everyone seems to master it perfectly.

01:22:40 Until recently,

01:22:43 there were more than 30 known blood groups.

01:22:46 For every kilo of fat you take,

01:22:49 you generate 1 km of new blood vessels

01:22:52 to provide oxygen and nutrients to your body.

01:22:55 Your stomach produces a new package

01:22:58 every 6 days to avoid digesting itself.

01:23:01 Nervous cells transmit 1,000 nerve impulses per second.

01:23:04 They travel at a speed of 1 to 431 km/h.

01:23:07 Our DNA contains 100,000 viruses.

01:23:10 Scientists have discovered one

01:23:13 dating back 100 million years.

01:23:16 Your body emits a visible light.

01:23:19 At 4 p.m., you are the brightest,

01:23:22 and at 10 a.m., your brightness is the least obvious.

01:23:25 Unfortunately, this glow is a thousand times less intense

01:23:28 than what your eyes can perceive.

01:23:31 Sweat is mainly water mixed with proteins,

01:23:34 sugars, ammonia, and many other elements.

01:23:37 It even contains tiny amounts of metals

01:23:40 like copper, zinc, nickel, iron, etc.

01:23:43 What gives sweat a salty taste

01:23:46 is the sodium it contains.

01:23:49 In addition, the more salt you eat, the saltier your sweat.

01:23:52 Your body tries to get rid of excess,

01:23:55 and the fastest way is to sweat.

01:23:58 If you walk at 3 km/h,

01:24:01 you have to do it for 40 hours in a row to lose 1 kg.

01:24:04 It takes 18 days and 8 hours to go around the equator.

01:24:07 The human brain is not really wax.

01:24:10 It contains fat, skin cells, sweat, and dirt.

01:24:13 Your brain grows three times as big

01:24:16 during the first year of your life

01:24:19 and reaches full maturity at the age of 25.

01:24:22 It is made up of 60% fat.

01:24:25 It generates about 23 watts of electricity,

01:24:28 which is enough to run a small light bulb.

01:24:31 It is not really a task.

01:24:34 Your brain can't do more than one action at a time.

01:24:37 It goes from one to the other,

01:24:40 which doesn't save time, as you might think.

01:24:43 But it increases the chance of making a mistake

01:24:46 and makes the process longer.

01:24:49 When you have an exam to pass or you are at work

01:24:52 and you try to focus on an important task,

01:24:55 try chewing gum.

01:24:58 Some even say it's better than caffeine.

01:25:01 There's nothing special about chewing gum,

01:25:04 but chewing it wakes your brain up.

01:25:07 However, it doesn't last long, only 20 minutes.

01:25:10 Embryos develop fingerprints in 3 months.

01:25:13 Your bones are 4 times harder than concrete.

01:25:16 The strongest bone in your body is the femur.

01:25:19 It can support up to 30 times the weight of an adult.

01:25:22 What's even crazier is that our bones

01:25:25 are made of a composite material,

01:25:28 which means they are both hard and elastic.

01:25:31 Sunburns are the result of exposure to radiation.

01:25:34 When your body's natural defense mechanism is overloaded

01:25:37 by trying to fight UV rays,

01:25:40 a toxic reaction occurs and causes sunburn.

01:25:43 Chicken skin is an evolutionary reflex inherited from our ancestors.

01:25:46 The release of adrenaline made their hair stand up

01:25:49 and they looked more frightening to the predators.

01:25:52 The skin of a dead chicken produces 0.5 to 1.5 liters of saliva per day.

01:25:55 It helps you digest food and fight infections.

01:25:58 You also have a lot of bacteria in your mouth.

01:26:01 The average amount of bacteria in a person's mouth

01:26:04 is almost the same as the number of people living on Earth.

01:26:07 Each human has about 150,000 hairs on their heads.

01:26:10 Each strand grows by about 13 millimeters per month.

01:26:13 If we added the growth of each hair,

01:26:16 we could reach a distance of 16 kilometers.

01:26:19 Your hair is also much more resistant than you think.

01:26:22 A single strand can support 85 grams,

01:26:25 which corresponds to the weight of an apple.

01:26:28 If we combined the strength of all the hairs on your head,

01:26:31 it could support the weight of two elephants.

01:26:34 The sound of your heart beating

01:26:37 is the sound of the valves opening and closing.

01:26:40 Your heart does not replicate these cells,

01:26:43 except if you have an injury.

01:26:46 Your corneas are the only parts of your body

01:26:49 that do not receive blood.

01:26:52 They receive oxygen directly from the air.

01:26:55 When you are sitting or standing,

01:26:58 it is easier for you to remember positive memories that do you good.

01:27:01 Some people think it's because sitting with your back flat

01:27:04 stimulates blood circulation and your brain receives more oxygen,

01:27:07 which helps it to function better.

01:27:10 Man, who has the deepest voice in the world,

01:27:13 can't hear at all.

01:27:16 But elephants can hear these sounds.

01:27:19 The veins look blue because the light

01:27:22 must pass through layers of skin and fat to reach them.

01:27:25 Your skin scatters a large part of the red portion of the white light

01:27:28 before reflecting the blood.

01:27:31 So there is only the blue light to bounce back to your eyes.

01:27:34 A person suffering from anosmia is unable to detect smells.

01:27:37 Phantosmia is the opposite condition

01:27:40 of anasthesia, when a person smells a smell that is not really present.

01:27:43 The human brain has 100 billion neurons.

01:27:46 It is made up of 73% water

01:27:49 and it's the same for the heart.

01:27:52 That's why if your brain loses only 2% of the liquid,

01:27:55 you start to feel tired.

01:27:58 This also deteriorates your memory, decreases your attention capacity

01:28:01 and deteriorates your mood.

01:28:04 The oldest person known to have blue eyes lived at the age of stone

01:28:07 for 7,000 years.

01:28:10 Your right eye is probably smaller and is lower than your left eye

01:28:13 to make room for your liver.

01:28:16 Your brain makes sure you don't drink too much or too little water.

01:28:19 After swallowing liquid,

01:28:22 your mouth and throat start to send signals to your brain

01:28:25 to tell it to stop drinking.

01:28:28 Otherwise, you will continue to swallow water for the 10 to 60 minutes

01:28:31 it takes for your liquid to reach your cells.

01:28:34 Your brain can see something for just 13 milliseconds.

01:28:37 And your brain is already processing this image.

01:28:40 An average eye blink lasts between 100 and 400 milliseconds.

01:28:43 Even if the tongue is not the strongest muscle in your body,

01:28:46 it never gets tired.

01:28:49 It's because of the way it's designed.

01:28:52 It's made up of 8 interlaced muscles.

01:28:55 The tongue is the only muscle whose extremities are not connected to a bone.

01:28:58 Other muscles connect 2 bones to 2 extremities

01:29:01 because that's how we pull and make a movement.

01:29:04 There are about 700 different species of bacteria in your mouth.

01:29:07 More than 6 billion of them live there.

01:29:10 Your skin is your largest organ.

01:29:13 It can cover the surface of 2 bath towels.

01:29:16 It represents about 16% of your body weight

01:29:19 and measures about 2 square meters.

01:29:22 If you were to type 60 words per minute for 8 hours a day,

01:29:25 it would take you 50 years to type the human genome.

01:29:28 You get tired faster when it's hot.

01:29:31 This happens because your body tries to keep cool,

01:29:34 which requires a lot of extra work.

01:29:37 So you're tired even if you don't do anything physically demanding.

01:29:40 Your body has 78 organs,

01:29:43 but only 5 of them are essential to your survival.

01:29:46 The brain, the liver, the kidneys, the lungs and the heart.

01:29:49 Here, the phone is ringing.

01:29:52 It must be something urgent.

01:29:55 But all the gadgets in the house are silent.

01:29:58 Your ears are ringing.

01:30:01 You can also hear whistling,

01:30:04 rumbling and even rustling.

01:30:07 But all these noises have no external source.

01:30:10 That's why they're called ghost sounds.

01:30:13 They can occur in one or two ears,

01:30:16 constantly or from time to time.

01:30:19 They are usually more noticeable at night when nothing distracts you.

01:30:22 Women have more taste buds

01:30:25 at the surface of their tongues than men.

01:30:28 That's why 35% of women and only 15% of men

01:30:31 are super-tasters.

01:30:34 They are people who taste flavors stronger than others.

01:30:37 Left-handed people prefer to chew on the left side

01:30:40 and right-handed people, you guessed it, on the right side.

01:30:43 Even if your fingerprints are damaged,

01:30:46 they will grow back with the same unique pattern.

01:30:49 When they breathe,

01:30:52 only 5% of the oxygen you inhaled is used in one lung.

01:30:55 No one really knows what the appendix is for.

01:31:01 But it's always at the end of a book.

01:31:04 Oh no, it's not the right appendix.

01:31:07 Some researchers believe that the human appendix

01:31:10 helped our ancestors to digest the bark of trees

01:31:13 and other foods they ate at the time.

01:31:16 And our appendix could disappear without any consequences.

01:31:19 Wisdom teeth also have no use.

01:31:22 Yes, they were useful before the invention of the dentist,

01:31:25 but we can do without them now.

01:31:28 Your brain grows by about 2%

01:31:31 if you venture into space.

01:31:34 With Earth's gravity,

01:31:37 we think that the fluids in the brain flow down

01:31:40 when we stand up.

01:31:43 The brain undergoes a process of verification

01:31:46 and the fluids accumulate in the brain and the cranial box.

01:31:49 As you age, the size of your brain gradually decreases.

01:31:52 At 75, the brain is smaller than 30 years old

01:31:55 and it starts to shrink at 40.

01:31:58 It happens to everyone,

01:32:01 so you just have to accept it and always train your brain.

01:32:04 If you look carefully at your eyes in a mirror,

01:32:07 you will notice a small pink circle in the corner of the eye.

01:32:10 This is your third eye.

01:32:13 It is useless for humans, but very useful for animals,

01:32:16 especially for birds.

01:32:19 It protects the eyes from dust.

01:32:22 If you have ever heard of natural selection, you know what I'm talking about.

01:32:25 Natural selection maintains some parts of the body

01:32:28 through generations, but some are harmful.

01:32:31 So if an element is dangerous or useless,

01:32:34 it disappears the next generation, like the third eye, for example.

01:32:37 We also shrink.

01:32:40 Our bones become more fragile and the spine is compressed.

01:32:43 Conversely, when you sleep and relax,

01:32:46 your bones also relax and you wake up bigger than the day before.

01:32:49 Our ears help us maintain balance.

01:32:52 They are not just used to hear.

01:32:55 Our inner ear contains our vestibular system.

01:32:58 The channels of the inner ear contain fluids and small sensors

01:33:01 that look like hairs and allow you to maintain balance.

01:33:04 As far as hairs are concerned,

01:33:07 only a few parts of the body are not covered.

01:33:10 These are the palms of the hands, the plants of the feet and the lips.

01:33:13 There are even hairs in the navel that protect it from impurities.

01:33:16 Mine do a great job.

01:33:19 And not just impurities.

01:33:22 Our navels house a varied fauna.

01:33:25 There are more than 70 different bacteria.

01:33:28 Some of these bacteria are also present in the ground in Japan

01:33:31 and others in the ice caps.

01:33:34 You see, there is a real navel operation going on in your navel

01:33:37 and you didn't know it.

01:33:40 Only 43% of yourself is really there.

01:33:43 You are made up of 50% of small creatures

01:33:46 that live mostly in your intestine and other parts of the body.

01:33:49 Although the number of your cells is less than the number of bacterial cells,

01:33:52 you still have 100 trillion.

01:33:55 Knowing this,

01:33:58 your genes are less than half of what you are.

01:34:01 If we consider all the microbes that live in your body

01:34:04 and we count their genes,

01:34:07 we will talk about 2 to 20 million genes and their combinations.

01:34:10 When you sleep,

01:34:13 it is not certain that your whole body is sleeping too.

01:34:16 Sometimes the brain works even harder when you are asleep.

01:34:19 It has to process tons of information

01:34:22 and the calculations take time.

01:34:25 One thing that really rests when you sleep

01:34:28 is your nose.

01:34:31 It is impossible to smell while sleeping.

01:34:34 The smell goes away at night.

01:34:37 If it smells really bad in your room,

01:34:40 you won't even notice it.

01:34:43 Scientists thought that humans could distinguish about 10,000 smells.

01:34:46 But no. Recent research has shown that humans

01:34:49 could distinguish about 1 trillion smells

01:34:52 and that they are deeply rooted in our memory.

01:34:55 They can also send us back to old memories.

01:34:58 By the way, our most intense memories are often made up.

01:35:01 The central memory works like this.

01:35:04 It gives us the certainty that our memories are true,

01:35:07 even if some details are a little far from the truth.

01:35:10 No problem if I call you a mammal, right?

01:35:13 We are the only mammals

01:35:16 to be able to walk on two limbs

01:35:19 and maintain this posture all our life.

01:35:22 You will tell me that kangaroos and gorillas

01:35:25 move in the same way.

01:35:28 But kangaroos use their tails as third legs

01:35:31 and gorillas use their arms to keep balance.

01:35:34 Your bones play a role in your metabolism.

01:35:37 Since they are mainly made up of calcium,

01:35:40 the bones begin to relax it if there is not enough in your body.

01:35:43 On the contrary, when there is too much calcium in your blood,

01:35:46 it is stored in the bones.

01:35:49 Our size, the shape of our body and our skin color

01:35:52 depend on where our ancestors lived.

01:35:55 But we can also adapt to new conditions

01:35:58 throughout our life.

01:36:01 For example, if you move from the plain to the mountains,

01:36:04 you will produce more red blood cells

01:36:07 to compensate for the lack of oxygen.

01:36:10 And of course, if you move from a cold climate to a warmer climate,

01:36:13 your skin will slightly change its pigmentation to adapt.

01:36:16 Our lifespan is programmed in our cells.

01:36:19 They renew and divide constantly,

01:36:22 but they have an internal countdown that stops at some point.

01:36:25 Some cells also stop reproducing before others.

01:36:28 On average, cells stop dividing

01:36:31 when they reach 100 years.

01:36:34 If we found a way to set the countdown to zero,

01:36:37 we could potentially live forever.

01:36:40 But we would have a lot of wrinkles.

01:36:43 Fat is used as an insulator,

01:36:46 as a reserve of energy and as a bumper.

01:36:49 Your body accumulates most of the fat around your waist,

01:36:52 since this is where the internal organs are located.

01:36:55 If something happens to you,

01:36:58 this layer of fat can protect your organs from major damage.

01:37:01 Your skull is not made up of a single bone.

01:37:04 It is made up of 22 different bones,

01:37:07 most of which are glued to protect your brain.

01:37:10 The jawbone, in other words the lower jaw,

01:37:13 is the only bone in the skull that is attached to your head

01:37:16 by conjunctive tissues and muscles.

01:37:19 That's why it's so mobile.

01:37:22 You can move it in all directions.

01:37:25 And the smallest bone in the body is located in the ear.

01:37:28 It is called the calf and it is not bigger than a grain of rice.

01:37:31 The most powerful muscles of your body

01:37:34 are your legs and your arms.

01:37:37 There are some in your head.

01:37:40 It's the masseter, the chewing muscle.

01:37:43 It needs to be powerful enough to ensure chewing.

01:37:46 And you see the muscles that allow you to move your ears?

01:37:49 These are temporal muscles and they are located above the temples.

01:37:52 They also help you chew your food.

01:37:55 We have two really fast muscles,

01:37:58 the muscles that control the tilting of the eyelids.

01:38:01 They are very fragile and must be protected.

01:38:04 When necessary, these muscles close their eyes in less than a tenth of a second.

01:38:07 We only distinguish blue, purple,

01:38:10 green and red.

01:38:13 Everything else is a mixture of the three.

01:38:16 It's impossible to calculate the number of color combinations

01:38:19 visible by the human eye,

01:38:22 since each person sees things slightly differently.

01:38:25 It's still a million combinations on average.

01:38:28 Your stomach has an incredible capacity.

01:38:31 Up to one and a half liters of liquid.

01:38:34 It's the equivalent of a large bottle of Coke.

01:38:37 It's hard to assess the amount of solid food you can store there,

01:38:40 since the food is crushed by the teeth before it reaches the stomach.

01:38:43 There's not enough room for a whole turkey,

01:38:46 but who knows, a good chicken could fit in there.

01:38:49 As my grandmother used to say,

01:38:52 there's always room for ice cream.

01:38:55 Let's see where this stomach is full of Coke, chicken and ice cream.

01:38:58 If you indicate your stomach, it's wrong.

01:39:01 The stomach is between your ribs.

01:39:04 Your stomach is filled with intestines.

01:39:07 Know that your body shines.

01:39:10 It emits a very faint glow, whose glow culminates between 15 and 16 hours.

01:39:13 The bad news is that the intensity of this light

01:39:16 is a thousand times lower than what your eye can perceive.

01:39:19 Humans are the only animals with a chin.

01:39:22 Even our closest cousins on the genetic level,

01:39:25 gorillas and chimpanzees,

01:39:28 don't have that little piece of jaw that points outwards.

01:39:31 Their lower jaws go directly down,

01:39:34 then backwards relative to their front teeth.

01:39:37 Researchers still haven't solved this mystery.

01:39:40 Opinions differ as to why humans are made that way.

01:39:43 Some researchers think the chin helps us to chew,

01:39:46 others think it has to do with verbal communication,

01:39:49 but the chin is the ideal place to grow a mouth.

01:39:52 The most abundant element in the human body is oxygen,

01:39:55 at 65%.

01:39:58 But our body also contains lithium, cobalt, gold and uranium.

01:40:01 And in very small proportions, radium.

01:40:04 On average, a human pees 20 times a day,

01:40:07 partly spontaneously, in case of fatigue, for example,

01:40:10 but also when another person pees nearby.

01:40:13 Researchers think it may be a phenomenon

01:40:16 called "ecokinesis of drooling".

01:40:19 In general, when some animals imitate other animals,

01:40:22 they think the action is useful.

01:40:25 With humans, it happens when someone crosses their legs,

01:40:28 laughs, smiles or drools.

01:40:31 The acids contained in the stomach decompose the food

01:40:34 and transform it into particles that are easy to digest.

01:40:37 It's also a way to block pathogens and microbes

01:40:40 that could make us sick.

01:40:43 The acids are so powerful that they can dissolve water and metal.

01:40:46 Still, avoid swallowing your soda cans,

01:40:49 it may end badly.

01:40:52 Our brain contains more than 86 billion nerve cells.

01:40:55 They are connected to each other by 100 billion connectors.

01:40:58 It's even more than the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

01:41:01 There is a good chance that you can determine

01:41:04 someone's name just by looking at it.

01:41:07 Researchers have shown pictures of identities

01:41:10 with four names written below a group of people.

01:41:13 They asked them to give the right name to the person in the picture.

01:41:16 There is a 25% chance to guess, according to the law of chance.

01:41:19 But the people who participated in this research

01:41:22 gave the right name in 25-40% of the cases.

01:41:25 And there were more than 94,000 pictures.

01:41:28 Let's say this man's name is Bob.

01:41:31 We expect his face to be rounder than Tim's.

01:41:34 And that he is more friendly and sociable.

01:41:37 It must be reflected on his face.

01:41:40 A woman named Catherine is considered more serious,

01:41:43 conscientious and focused.

01:41:46 It can possibly influence her facial muscles.

01:41:49 When the Romans contracted their biceps,

01:41:52 they felt like they were seeing mice.

01:41:55 The word muscle comes from the Latin "petite souris".

01:41:58 Your left lung is smaller than your right,

01:42:01 because it shares space with your heart.

01:42:04 Researchers considered that humans could only recognize 10,000 smells.

01:42:07 A recent study has shown that in reality,

01:42:10 humans recognized 1,000 billion.

01:42:13 Millennials, that is, people born between 1981 and 1996,

01:42:16 tend to forget things more than others.

01:42:19 The main cause of these forgetfulness is a very high level of stress.

01:42:22 So hey, relax!

01:42:25 Some researchers consider that digital fingerprints improve

01:42:28 understanding of the human body.

01:42:31 Others think they have this shape to quickly evacuate water

01:42:34 and allow the skin to relax when needed

01:42:37 and prevent it from damaging itself.

01:42:40 There is also a theory that digital fingerprints

01:42:43 would improve our sense of touch.

01:42:46 Hot coffee tastes better than cold coffee.

01:42:49 These taste buds are more sensitive when the food is at room temperature

01:42:52 or just above.

01:42:55 Hot coffee therefore seems less bitter.

01:42:58 Because the taste buds that detect bitterness

01:43:01 are more sensitive when the coffee is cold.

01:43:04 The largest molecule of the human body is chromosome 1.

01:43:07 A human cell is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes

01:43:10 and each chromosome is made up of 10 billion atoms.

01:43:13 You inhale 25 trillion molecules at each breath.

01:43:16 25 trillion is 25 followed by 21 zeros.

01:43:19 After a quick walk,

01:43:22 you will feel the need to start skating.

01:43:25 Your body needs to be stable

01:43:28 whether you are running or walking.

01:43:31 So a quick walk will unconsciously push you to the limit.

01:43:34 According to a theory,

01:43:37 we would use more energy by walking than by running

01:43:40 so it is a way for the body to save energy.

01:43:43 Your little finger is a very powerful part of your body.

01:43:46 Without it, your hand would lose a lot of its power.

01:43:49 Your index and your thumb cooperate with your thumb

01:43:52 to catch and pinch.

01:43:55 Your little finger and your ring finger give strength to this apprehension.

01:43:58 The fattest organ of our body is the brain.

01:44:01 Fat corresponds to 60% of our dry mass.

01:44:04 This feature has allowed it to enter the Guinness Book of Records.

01:44:07 This organ contains about 25% of our body's cholesterol

01:44:10 which is essential for good health.

01:44:13 Your bones are 4 times harder than cement.

01:44:16 The strongest bone in the body is the femur.

01:44:19 It supports up to 30 times the weight of an adult.

01:44:22 The craziest thing is that our bones are made of composite materials

01:44:25 so they are flexible and hard at the same time.

01:44:28 The nails of our hands grow twice as fast as the nails of our feet.

01:44:31 It takes 15 and a half months for your toes to grow 2.5 cm

01:44:34 while for the nails of your hands it takes only 7 months.

01:44:37 The outer layer of your skin is thicker at the level of the feet

01:44:40 than on the rest of the body.

01:44:43 Your toes are the most important part of your body.

01:44:46 The heart has its own electrical system

01:44:49 and it can continue to beat even if it is separated from the rest.

01:44:52 The total length of the blood vessels of the body

01:44:55 corresponds to more than twice the diameter of the Earth.

01:44:58 The myth that we should use only 10% of our brain's capacity is false.

01:45:01 The brain is practically active at 100% at any time.

01:45:04 Otherwise, we could not accomplish most simple gestures

01:45:07 like drinking a cup of coffee.

01:45:10 Our brain is composed of more than 70% of our body's energy.

01:45:13 It consumes 20% of our oxygen reserve.

01:45:16 The average lifespan of a hairy eagle is 4 months.

01:45:19 The body of a 50-pound person

01:45:22 contains 40 tablespoons of salt.

01:45:25 If you pressed all the folds of your brain

01:45:28 until it became smooth,

01:45:31 it would be the size of a teapot.

01:45:34 The brain folds as it grows

01:45:37 because there is little space in the cranial box.

01:45:40 By the way, don't press your brain!

01:45:43 It's not a good idea.

01:45:46 We spend 40% of our life with our eyes closed.

01:45:49 Yes, in general, we have our eyes closed when we sleep,

01:45:52 but also when we clean our eyes or when we drive.

01:45:55 We produce about 40,000 liters of saliva in a lifetime.

01:45:58 That's enough saliva to fill about 500 baths.

01:46:01 And I'm not saying that to brag.

01:46:04 The most intense blood flow is neither in the heart

01:46:07 nor in the brain, but in the kidneys.

01:46:10 It is very difficult for us to conceive the size of an atom.

01:46:13 Just think that our body is made up of 7 quadrillion atoms.

01:46:16 It's crazy!

01:46:19 It looks like a 7 that is followed by an order of 0.

01:46:22 In adults,

01:46:25 blood corresponds to 7 or 8% of its total weight.

01:46:28 About 55% of blood is liquid plasma.

01:46:31 The rest is composed of a small amount of blood.

01:46:34 The rest is composed of red and white blood cells

01:46:37 and platelets that coagulate to prevent hemorrhages.

01:46:40 It's impossible to swallow and breathe at the same time.

01:46:43 The food you swallow and the air you breathe

01:46:46 go through the same tube at the beginning.

01:46:49 And it's a little further that the two voices separate

01:46:52 between the esophage for food and liquids

01:46:55 and the trench for air.

01:46:58 When you swallow, the trench closes automatically

01:47:01 to prevent solid elements from entering the airways.

01:47:04 But sometimes it happens anyway.

01:47:07 There is a name for the gurgling

01:47:10 that your stomach makes to indicate that you are hungry.

01:47:13 The "Borborygm".

01:47:16 It takes between 6 and 8 hours for the food to pass from the stomach

01:47:19 to the intestinal tract.

01:47:22 And during this time, the body tries to absorb all the nutrients.

01:47:25 There is no taste zone on the tongue.

01:47:28 Dogs can detect up to 5 tastes.

01:47:31 But some grandpas are more sensitive to certain tastes than others.

01:47:34 Humans are the only living beings who voluntarily differ their sleep.

01:47:37 And on that, remember to sleep enough.

01:47:40 Your dog doesn't really have a more developed odor than yours.

01:47:43 It is often said that dogs have a superior odor.

01:47:46 And it probably started when a 19th century researcher

01:47:49 described humans as "non-sniffers".

01:47:52 The dog's smell is not very good.

01:47:55 No one has ever provided sensory tests to test this theory.

01:47:58 But people have believed it for a long time.

01:48:01 The truth is that different types of animals can identify different types of odors.

01:48:04 An experiment was carried out in which human volunteers

01:48:07 had to follow a trace odor.

01:48:10 The researchers dipped string in chocolate essence

01:48:13 and then placed it in a zigzag on a lawn.

01:48:16 The volunteers were not allowed to use other senses.

01:48:19 They were not allowed to use their senses.

01:48:22 They had their ears closed, their eyes blindfolded

01:48:25 and they wore thick gloves and knee pads.

01:48:28 The conclusion of this experiment was that

01:48:31 even if we are not as efficient as dogs,

01:48:34 we can follow a trace odor and even become much better if we train.

01:48:37 It is interesting to note that humans are more sensitive to certain odors than dogs.

01:48:40 Like the smell of fruits or flowers.

01:48:43 It is because during their evolution,

01:48:46 dogs did not need to disguise themselves.

01:48:49 A television screen does not reduce your vision.

01:48:52 At least there is no evidence that watching a television screen

01:48:55 can really hurt your eyes.

01:48:58 It is the same for phone screens or computers.

01:49:01 Watching can indeed cause eye fatigue.

01:49:04 But in most cases, appropriate rest allows it to go away.

01:49:07 But that does not mean that watching television

01:49:10 or setting your phone down for too long has no consequence.

01:49:13 It is just a matter of time before you get tired.

01:49:16 Watching television or setting your phone down for too long

01:49:19 has no negative consequences on other aspects of your life.

01:49:22 Like a decrease in concentration and a lack of socialization, among others.

01:49:25 Being able to roll up your tongue is not really a genetic trait.

01:49:28 Even if biology professors often say that this gift

01:49:31 is based on a dominant gene.

01:49:34 A study showed that 7 twins out of 33

01:49:37 did not really share this trait.

01:49:40 True twins, however, have the same genes.

01:49:43 This implies that they should also share this trait.

01:49:46 But this is not the case, which means that genes

01:49:49 are probably not the factor that decides

01:49:52 whether you will be able to roll up your tongue.

01:49:55 But this myth still exists, even if it was demystified

01:49:58 more than six decades ago.

01:50:01 You will catch a cold if you go out with wet hair.

01:50:04 It's another myth.

01:50:07 To catch a cold, a virus must enter your body.

01:50:10 In addition, wet hair does not make you more attractive

01:50:13 to the different microbes that hide around you.

01:50:16 People believe this mainly because

01:50:19 1) they heard it from their parents

01:50:22 and 2) they associate going out with wet hair

01:50:25 with getting sick.

01:50:28 Because we are generally more exposed to microbes when we are outside.

01:50:31 There are no people whose joints go both ways.

01:50:34 Some people actually have parts of their body that are very flexible.

01:50:37 This allows them, for example,

01:50:40 to touch their chin with their elbows or bend their fingers backwards.

01:50:43 This is sometimes called double joint,

01:50:46 as if the secret was in an additional hinge somewhere.

01:50:49 But this is not the case.

01:50:52 These people have simple joints, but their bones

01:50:55 can have unusual-shaped ends

01:50:58 or their subjunctive tissue can be very flexible.

01:51:01 It seems that appendix is useful after all.

01:51:04 It is a kind of useless intestinal tube that goes almost nowhere.

01:51:07 The appendix could actually be a reservoir of bacteria,

01:51:10 but a good and useful reservoir.

01:51:13 It stores microbes that help our body

01:51:16 when it struggles against certain problems and diseases.

01:51:19 At the beginning of our life,

01:51:22 the appendix also helps us in the process of forming white blood cells

01:51:25 as well as certain types of antibodies.

01:51:28 Do you know where your stomach is?

01:51:31 Easy question, isn't it?

01:51:34 But no, it's probably not where you think it is.

01:51:37 Most people think it's hiding somewhere behind the navel.

01:51:40 In fact, it's a little higher up in the abdomen,

01:51:43 resting on the rest of the intestine.

01:51:46 Here's how to find it.

01:51:49 Look for the point where your lower ribs meet your middle.

01:51:52 Now, go down about three fingers wide,

01:51:55 then three on your left.

01:51:58 You'll find it.

01:52:01 You don't have any gustatory sections on your tongue.

01:52:04 This cartography of the tongue probably appeared in the early 20th century

01:52:07 because scientists discovered subtle differences

01:52:10 in the intensity of a taste

01:52:13 to be detected in different areas of the mouth.

01:52:16 This study gave rise to a myth

01:52:19 that each part of the tongue was responsible for different tastes.

01:52:22 In fact, all types of gustatory papillae

01:52:25 are located in all areas of the mouth

01:52:28 and can detect each taste.

01:52:31 This also includes umami,

01:52:34 which is now among the four traditional tastes

01:52:37 - sweet, salty, bitter and sour.

01:52:40 We don't use just 10% of our brain.

01:52:43 We use a lot more, even when we sleep.

01:52:46 Scientists tested this statement

01:52:49 and one of the methods they used was to measure brain activity

01:52:52 in the brain.

01:52:55 The results showed that we use most of our brain most of the time.

01:52:58 The exact percentage varies from person to person

01:53:01 depending on what they do.

01:53:04 In addition, it is not possible to monitor each of our brain cells.

01:53:07 There are billions of them,

01:53:10 so we can't really know the exact number of active cells at a given moment.

01:53:13 When you sleep, your frontal cortex,

01:53:16 the part responsible for high-level thinking,

01:53:19 and the ability to perceive your environment still work.

01:53:22 Humans don't have only the five senses generally mentioned -

01:53:25 hearing, taste, touch, sight and smell.

01:53:28 This idea comes from Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher,

01:53:31 who said that there was a sensory organ for each sense -

01:53:34 eyes to see,

01:53:37 a tongue to taste, and so on.

01:53:40 But that was thousands of years ago,

01:53:43 and he lacked the knowledge of the vestibular system,

01:53:46 the internal ear system that our body uses to stay balanced.

01:53:49 Each sense doesn't need its own sensory organ,

01:53:52 but simply a different type of receiver.

01:53:55 For example, your skin has four different sensory receivers,

01:53:58 for temperature, touch, pain, and proprioception.

01:54:01 The latter is the consciousness of your body in space,

01:54:04 which means that even if you move your arm behind your back,

01:54:07 you still know it's there.

01:54:10 What a pioper, for example, doesn't know is that

01:54:13 having 33 senses instead of 5 could be closer to reality.

01:54:16 These include the senses of balance, temperature, thirst,

01:54:19 and many others that we need to survive.

01:54:22 If you like to have your joints cracked from time to time,

01:54:25 don't worry.

01:54:28 The idea that this increases the risk of potential problems

01:54:31 in the joints seems logical,

01:54:34 because that's what happens when you exert a constant pressure on your joints.

01:54:37 The idea that this increases the risk of potential problems

01:54:40 in the joints seems logical,

01:54:43 because that's what happens when you exert a constant pressure on your joints.

01:54:46 The satisfying lessons you hear simply occur

01:54:49 because of the burst of bubbles in the fluid that lubricates your joints.

01:54:52 If you eat a big meal, you can still go swimming.

01:54:55 If you eat a big meal, you can still go swimming.

01:54:58 You won't have cramps.

01:55:01 The principle behind this idea is that eating a pioper meal

01:55:04 increases the amount of blood flow to your stomach.

01:55:07 This can cause cramps if you go swimming.

01:55:10 In reality, you probably won't feel as comfortable

01:55:13 to swim immediately after eating a pioper meal,

01:55:16 but you can go for sure if you really want to.

01:55:19 It is even recommended to have a small, rich, glucose-rich meal

01:55:22 shortly before a swimming session.

01:55:25 This will give you a recovery of energy.

01:55:28 When you shave your body hair,

01:55:31 you shouldn't worry that it grows back darker and thicker.

01:55:34 It's another myth.

01:55:37 You may feel that there are changes in color, thickness, or hair growth rate.

01:55:40 But it's because after shaving,

01:55:43 you give the follicles a "fuzzy" tip

01:55:46 that may seem darker and rougher than before.

01:55:49 But you'll see that once your hair has grown back,

01:55:52 they'll be the same as before.

01:55:55 It's wrong to say that we lose an disproportionate amount of body heat from the head.

01:55:58 You may feel that way because your head,

01:56:01 chest, and face are clearly more sensitive to temperature changes.

01:56:04 In reality, you'd be just as cold

01:56:07 if you went out without a hat

01:56:10 as if you didn't wear pants.

01:56:13 You probably feel like you're losing body heat from the head

01:56:16 because it's often one of the parts you leave uncovered when you go out.

01:56:19 Don't worry if you wake up sleepy.

01:56:22 It doesn't put your health at risk.

01:56:25 If you do it on the jump,

01:56:28 you may feel disoriented and have a confused reaction.

01:56:31 But it's sometimes better to wake him up

01:56:34 than to let him do things he shouldn't do while he's asleep.

01:56:37 Like cooking or driving.

01:56:40 Or you can just show him the way back to his bed.

01:56:43 The cornea is the only part of your body

01:56:46 that contains living cells and doesn't have a blood vessel.

01:56:49 It receives nutrients and oxygen

01:56:52 directly from the lacrimal fluid

01:56:55 and the thick, sticky substance

01:56:58 that's between the corneas

01:57:01 and the nerve fibers that are connected to the cornea.

01:57:04 That's why contact lenses

01:57:07 are a potential problem.

01:57:10 The older lenses reduced oxygen supply

01:57:13 because the cornea receives oxygen from the outside.

01:57:16 This problem was solved, or at least reduced,

01:57:19 when silicone hydrogel lenses came on the market.

01:57:22 The other parts of the body that don't have a blood vessel

01:57:25 are the nails, the hair, the skin's outer layers

01:57:28 and the teeth's enamel.

01:57:31 Have you noticed that your sweat sometimes smells like onions after sports?

01:57:34 Don't worry.

01:57:37 There are two types of sudoriparous glands in your skin.

01:57:40 The first type of gland is located on certain parts of your body

01:57:43 like the wool region and the armpits.

01:57:46 They produce a specific oily fluid

01:57:49 that responds to certain emotional experiences.

01:57:52 Another type of sudoriparous gland is much more common.

01:57:55 They are distributed throughout the body

01:57:58 and are responsible for the specific sweat you get after sports.

01:58:01 This sweat refreshes your body

01:58:04 by evaporating from your skin.

01:58:07 It's 99% water, so it's practically odorless.

01:58:10 At least when it leaves the pores and reaches the surface of the skin.

01:58:13 But there are many types of glands

01:58:16 on the human skin

01:58:19 and they feed on nutrients contained in this sweat

01:58:22 as well as squamous tissues.

01:58:25 One of the by-products of this process is a specific chemical product

01:58:28 whose odor can sometimes be strongly reminiscent of that of onions.

01:58:31 You may have noticed that you produce more saliva

01:58:34 when you go running,

01:58:37 especially if it's a short jog in the cold.

01:58:40 But if you run a marathon and it's nice and warm outside,

01:58:43 you'll produce less saliva.

01:58:46 It's your body that tries to compensate for the effect of dehydration

01:58:49 because you breathe much more through your mouth.

01:58:52 But your body dehydrates more over long periods.

01:58:55 That's why it tries to keep water

01:58:58 by reducing the production of saliva.

01:59:01 Each exercise, however intense it is,

01:59:04 leads to the secretion of a specific type of protein.

01:59:07 It makes the saliva more viscous and sticky

01:59:10 which explains why you may feel like your mouth is even drier

01:59:13 after your workout.

01:59:16 Humans see the world with a 15-second delay,

01:59:19 which means your brain constantly leaves you a little bit in the past.

01:59:22 This helps you stabilize your vision of the world around you.

01:59:25 Your eyes receive a huge amount of visual information.

01:59:28 Yes, literally millions of colors, shapes and movements

01:59:31 in constant evolution or in a single color.

01:59:34 And your eyes are able to see the world

01:59:37 in a single color, shape and movement in constant evolution

01:59:40 wherever you are.

01:59:43 It's not an easy task for your brain to deal with all this.

01:59:46 The visual world is constantly changing

01:59:49 because of changes in point of view, light and other external factors.

01:59:52 The input of images into your brain also changes

01:59:55 because you have to blink your eyes and your head,

01:59:58 your eyes and your whole body are always moving.

02:00:01 Your brain therefore had to establish a mechanism

02:00:04 that can create an imaginary stability.

02:00:07 It automatically smooths your visual inputs.

02:00:10 It doesn't analyze every little visual cliché.

02:00:13 It's like a time machine.

02:00:16 You actually perceive a synthesis of things

02:00:19 that you have seen over the last 15 seconds at a given moment.

02:00:22 The brain regroups objects

02:00:25 so that they seem more similar to each other.

02:00:28 That's why it makes you believe you're in a stable environment.

02:00:31 If your brain was keeping you up to date in real time,

02:00:34 the world would seem very chaotic to you.

02:00:37 With constant changes in movement, light and shadow,

02:00:40 which would probably give you the impression of being hallucinating all the time.

02:00:43 Your bones are very solid,

02:00:46 but your teeth, which we consider to be part of the skeletal system,

02:00:49 are even more so.

02:00:52 This is due to the enamel, the hard outer layer of the teeth.

02:00:55 The enamel protects the delicate tissues and nerves

02:00:58 inside the teeth.

02:01:01 Remember that you burn calories when you think.

02:01:04 When you rest and don't do any particular activity

02:01:07 except the essentials,

02:01:10 such as digesting, breathing and warming up,

02:01:13 that's when your brain uses

02:01:16 up to 20 to 25% of your body's total energy.

02:01:19 That means your body burns

02:01:22 about 350 to 450 calories a day

02:01:25 by doing practically nothing.

02:01:28 We're not the only ones in the animal kingdom

02:01:31 to have a mechanism like this.

02:01:34 Some small mammals, such as the tiny Wistiti pygmy

02:01:37 and the tiny arboreal musareni,

02:01:40 devote the same percentage of their total body energy to their brains.

02:01:43 Most of the energy consumed by the brain

02:01:46 is used to help these cells, neurons, communicate with each other.

02:01:49 They do so through chemical signals

02:01:52 that the brain transmits through the synapses,

02:01:55 these special cellular structures.

02:01:58 The brain therefore directs a lot of energy to the synapses

02:02:01 to make them work.

02:02:04 Your brain never really rests.

02:02:07 Even when you sleep, some parts are active.

02:02:10 Your brain therefore needs its fuel to function

02:02:13 and you burn essentially calories during your sleep.

02:02:16 The more mental tasks you do during the day,

02:02:19 the more energy you burn.

02:02:22 So if you don't exercise today,

02:02:25 save at least a few bucks.

02:02:28 Do you like to eat ice cream?

02:02:31 Sometimes it's really nice, but if you do it often,

02:02:34 you should know what it's like to freeze your brain.

02:02:37 It's a rather intense and unpleasant sensation

02:02:40 that occurs in the front or on the sides of your head

02:02:43 just after you've had or eaten something very cold,

02:02:46 and you don't even notice it.

02:02:49 Some people even experience a similar sensation

02:02:52 when they're just exposed to the cold air.

02:02:55 Scientists don't know yet exactly why this happens,

02:02:58 but one theory is that the cold substance

02:03:01 stimulates a group of nerves located at the back of the palate.

02:03:04 According to another theory,

02:03:07 the blood vessels of the palate and the sinuses

02:03:10 contract rapidly due to the drop in temperature in the mouth

02:03:13 and the presence of a cold.

02:03:16 So, if you're a sleepwalker,

02:03:19 you should be careful not to sleep with your head down.

02:03:22 And no,

02:03:25 hanging on a table,

02:03:28 moaning or squeezing your head in your hands won't help you much.

02:03:31 Some people like to sleep a lot.

02:03:34 Hey, I'm a sleepwalker.

02:03:37 But others have a disease called

02:03:40 tetrachromatosis.

02:03:43 They can't sleep, but they feel pretty good.

02:03:46 They don't have a problem sleeping just 6 hours a night.

02:03:49 This little amount of rest will destroy most people after a few nights.

02:03:52 The human eye normally has 3 cones.

02:03:55 This means that we can recognize about 1 million different shades

02:03:58 in the green, red and blue spectrum of colors.

02:04:01 But some people with a rare disease

02:04:04 called tetrachromatosis have 4 cones in their eyes.

02:04:07 This allows them to see the ultraviolet shades,

02:04:10 which means they can distinguish 100 million different colors.

02:04:13 Did you know that your skeleton is all wet?

02:04:16 I mean, that your whole body is mainly made up of water,

02:04:19 up to 60%?

02:04:22 This liquid is not only in your organs,

02:04:25 your muscles and your skin.

02:04:28 It's also in your skeleton.

02:04:31 Your bone mass is composed of about a third of water.

02:04:34 Your human body is made up of a surprising network of hidden cells.

02:04:37 Blood vessels are really small,

02:04:40 but if you could align them all, you would get something huge.

02:04:43 Your whole body has a network of 96,560 km of blood vessels.

02:04:46 One of the ways to keep your blood cells healthy

02:04:49 and eat well.

02:04:52 Have you ever wondered why our distant relatives,

02:04:55 the primates, are so much stronger than us?

02:04:58 In many ways, our bodies are very similar.

02:05:01 Look at the muscular structure of chimpanzees, for example.

02:05:04 But our closest primate parents

02:05:07 are about 1.35 times stronger than us.

02:05:10 The human body has developed more muscle fibers

02:05:13 at slow contraction than the rest of the primates.

02:05:16 This type of muscle fiber is less powerful,

02:05:19 but it allows us to last longer than other primates

02:05:22 and to do things like find food and hunt,

02:05:25 activities that helped our distant ancestors to survive.

02:05:28 This is also the reason why we can run a marathon.

02:05:31 A monkey could never do it,

02:05:34 but we would lose anyway in a strength competition.

02:05:37 Laughter is contagious.

02:05:40 It's not just a metaphor.

02:05:43 Researchers have discovered that strong emotions

02:05:46 can synchronize the brain activity of different people.

02:05:49 Laughter is a phenomenon that science generally associates

02:05:52 with social creatures.

02:05:55 People laugh when they are in social situations,

02:05:58 with their friends or people they feel good with.

02:06:01 A scientific theory states that we want to join people laughing,

02:06:04 because humans are empathetic beings.

02:06:07 Your brain releases endorphins when you laugh.

02:06:10 These are special chemical substances

02:06:13 that make you feel safe and comfortable.

02:06:16 We don't know exactly why our laughter is contagious,

02:06:19 but we feel really good.

02:06:22 In the meantime,

02:06:25 join us on the fun side of life

02:06:28 and laugh with all your heart.

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