Le Sahara Pourrait Recouvrir L'Europe, Selon Les Scientifiques

Sympa

Les scientifiques disent que le désert du Sahara s'agrandit, et s'il continue ainsi, il pourrait finalement engloutir des parties de l'Europe. Ils ne parlent pas d'une énorme tempête de sable avalant des villes entières ou quoi que ce soit d'aussi dramatique. Il s'agit plutôt de la façon dont le désert se propage lentement vers le sud, engloutissant des terres fertiles et rendant plus difficile la culture des récoltes. C'est une grande affaire car cela pourrait perturber le climat et rendre la vie beaucoup plus difficile pour des millions de personnes qui vivent à proximité.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00The Sahara Desert is huge. It occupies 8% of the world's territory. It is larger than the United States or China.

00:09But surprisingly, the Sahara is not the largest desert in the world. It is the third, behind the Antarctic and the Arctic.

00:17But it is without a doubt the hottest. The temperatures there are close to 57 degrees.

00:23This place has some of the most incredible sand dunes you will ever see. They reach 450 meters high.

00:30But the hiccup is that there is a real risk that these dunes continue to spread and end up covering the entire earth.

00:41Curiously, the influence of the Sahara extends well beyond its borders.

00:45Its dust, transported by powerful winds, would make its way to the United Kingdom and across the European continent,

00:52especially in winter. This dust, which settles on the ground when it rains, offers a familiar spectacle to the British,

00:59whose cars are often covered with a red residue.

01:03This link between the Sahara, England and Europe reminds us of the global scope of environmental phenomena.

01:10You may think that this is not so serious, but Europe could turn into a desert, with infertile soils and uninhabited habitats.

01:19The earth is a fundamental element of human existence, just as essential as water and air. Without it, our landscapes would be murky and arid.

01:33The Sahara desert has already crossed the Mediterranean, which is worrying and could change the landscape forever.

01:40A fifth of Spain has already been transformed into a desert.

01:44The next victim will be Italy, also confronted with the problem of desertification.

01:49In fact, almost all European countries are affected by this problem.

01:53According to the expert Maurizio Sciortino, this land, which has not changed for nearly 2,000 years, will essentially become rock.

02:00And the people who live there will disappear.

02:0360% of Moldova's land has disappeared, and the problem is already beyond the Black Sea.

02:09It has reached China and Mongolia, thousands of kilometers from the Sahara.

02:14All this leads to losses of about 4 billion dollars per year.

02:18The threat is so great that even the United Nations has begun to mobilize resources to solve this problem in the shortest possible time.

02:26Italy sends aid to Africa to stop the expansion of the desert.

02:31If this process does not stop in the next ten years, millions of people will be forced to leave their homes.

02:38The Sahara desert extends about 48 kilometers per decade.

02:42Do the math, and you will know how long it will take to cover the whole of Europe.

02:47Since 1920, the Sahara has expanded by about 10%.

02:51But all hope is not lost, because more than 172 countries have come together to put an end to the desertification of the world.

03:00The World Food Program aims to help the re-vegetation of the land that once occupied the Sahara.

03:08When they shared their project with the inhabitants of this great region, they laughed at them by telling them that it was impossible.

03:16But when you have a precise goal in mind, the impossible becomes possible.

03:22If we go back about 5,000 years, we would find there a beautiful forest with trees and lush greenery.

03:30It has been 2,000 years since the climate of Africa changed, and all the vegetation of the Sahara has now disappeared.

03:37This evolution is linked to the rotation of the earth and the mosses that bring water to this arid continent.

03:43But with the help of scientists and a few tricks, we can bring back all this greenery and stop the advance of the desert.

03:51The Senegal River serves as a border between the Sahara desert, Senegal and Mauritania.

03:59When you observe this area from space, you see that the desert extends well to Senegal.

04:05The vegetation along the river banks is practically non-existent.

04:10Forests can serve as barriers, they prevent the winds from carrying the sand and the desert from spreading.

04:16Efforts have been made to create a large green wall, and the way to achieve this is quite impressive.

04:22For more than 40 years, nothing has grown in the area that is currently being restored,

04:26which has led the inhabitants to find other places to live.

04:29And then we realized that the earth could be restored.

04:32People were excited, they committed themselves to it and learned to work the soil and grow food.

04:40At present, more than 300 square kilometers have been restored and transformed into new green spaces.

04:46The Sahel region is the starting point for desertification.

04:50And it is crucial to first establish a green wall in this area.

04:54The realization of this wall has nothing to do with magic.

04:57A few simple measures are enough.

04:59The soil is literally cooked by the sun and is as hard as a block of concrete.

05:04If you have already poured water on concrete, you know that it flows.

05:08They do not stay in the same place.

05:10So we had to create structures in half-moons capable of retaining water so that plants can grow.

05:18When you discover the operation of these half-moons, you may say to yourself,

05:22but how could we not think about it earlier?

05:24In fact, this technique is old and has already been implemented in the Sahel.

05:29But over time, people have forgotten it.

05:31When the rain falls, the water is collected in these half-moons placed a little lower than the ground, under the curves of the levels.

05:38There is also a kind of slope at the end of the shape.

05:42It prevents the water from overflowing.

05:44And in the middle, there are plants.

05:46They thrive because they have all the water they need.

05:50It is essential to cultivate local plants that are used to the difficult conditions of the region, such as sorghum and millet.

05:58These plants have survived for thousands of years and produce large amounts of biomass,

06:03which means that the earth can be rehabilitated more quickly and that people will have food earlier.

06:11The water that penetrates the half-moons does not get lost.

06:14It penetrates the ground and feeds the phreatic taps.

06:18Thus, the water in the ground will never run out and future generations will have drinking water.

06:24But this brilliant technique is not limited to the half-moons.

06:28People also draw lines to plant various vegetables, such as tomatoes.

06:33Then, there are places reserved for trees, lemon trees and oranges, for example.

06:38After a long and hot day, nothing is better than a good fresh lemonade.

06:43Trees will also protect the soil, and with a little luck, there will one day be a new forest in the Sahara desert.

06:50The method is to follow the dynamics typical of the forest.

06:53We start with small plants, then we gradually move on to larger plants, more useful than the small ones.

07:00The goal is to plant more than 10,000 trees.

07:04At the moment, many people leave the Sahara after the rainy season.

07:08They go to the cities or simply leave Africa.

07:12At this time of year, the villages are deserted, there are only animals.

07:16Most people have left.

07:18Can we blame them?

07:20No one can live in the sand where nothing grows.

07:23Fortunately, thanks to all these old techniques found,

07:27many are those who, slowly but surely, return to their land to develop agriculture.

07:33The advantage is that there is no rigorous winter and the plants grow 12 months a year.

07:39People can therefore have food all year round.

07:43People are also more sociable now that the villages are repopulating.

07:47If this project works, Africa will be saved and the world will not turn into a gigantic desert.

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