Alexeï Navalny, le principal opposant politique de Vladimir Poutine, qui est en train de purger une peine de 19 ans de prison, a été repéré lundi dans une colonie pénitentiaire située dans l'Arctique russe.
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NewsTranscript
00:00 Alexei Navalny, Vladimir Putin's main political opponent,
00:04 who is currently serving a 19-year prison sentence,
00:07 was spotted on Monday in a penitentiary colony located in the Russian Arctic.
00:11 According to several experts, these isolated detention centers and in strict conditions
00:16 are the direct heirs of the Gulag system of the Soviet era.
00:20 His relatives had not received any signs of life for three weeks.
00:24 On Monday, December 25, Alexei Navalny, Vladimir Putin's main political opponent,
00:30 was able to give news of his detention through his lawyer,
00:35 who allowed him to visit him.
00:37 And these are not necessarily reassuring for the 47-year-old militant.
00:42 The founder of the Anti-Corruption Foundation, FBK,
00:45 sentenced last August to 19 years in prison for extremism,
00:49 has just been transferred to the penitentiary colony IK-3 in Karp,
00:53 located in the Yamal-Nenets region, beyond the Arctic Circle,
00:57 and about 1,900 km northeast of Moscow.
01:00 The opponent had disappeared early December from the penitentiary colony in the Vladimir region,
01:06 worrying even US Secretary of State Antony Blinken,
01:09 who had run away from a message on IKS before Christmas.
01:12 In a series of messages in humorous tones published on IKS,
01:16 Alexei Navalny expressed himself on his new detention conditions,
01:19 thanks to information transmitted to his lawyers.
01:22 "I now have a sheepskin coat, a hat or shanka,
01:26 a fur hat with flaps that cover the ears,
01:29 and soon I will have Valenki, Russian winter shoes.
01:33 I let my beard grow for the 20 days of my transport.
01:38 The 20 days of transport were quite exhausting,
01:40 but I am still in a good mood, as he would be at a Christmas party.
01:44 Break the bonds between the detainees and their loved ones. "
01:48 Behind these ironic tweets, however, lies a much harder reality.
01:52 In Karp, where he is,
01:54 Alexei Navalny will have to face temperatures
01:57 that can reach -40 ° C in winter,
02:00 his access to email and his visitation rights will be greatly limited.
02:05 Even if Navalny remains in the provocation,
02:08 that he is still showing humor,
02:10 he has health problems,
02:11 and is facing isolation,
02:13 even torture that exists in some Russian prisons,
02:16 recalls Sylvie Berman,
02:18 former French ambassador to Moscow between 2017 and 2019.
02:22 "The weather conditions are very hard,
02:24 much harder than in the previous colonies ",
02:27 says Mark Kelly,
02:28 historian of the Gulag at the Russian World Studies Center,
02:31 Caucasian and Central European,
02:33 Sersek.
02:34 "There is little light for six months of the year,
02:37 and in the summer you are attacked by mosquitoes and mosquitoes. "
02:40 The penitentiary colony of Karp is one of the 700 work camps
02:44 currently in operation in Russia,
02:46 where nearly 266,000 prisoners are locked up.
02:49 A historically low figure,
02:51 linked to the sending of convicts to the front,
02:53 in Ukraine.
02:54 Before the start of the war in 2022,
02:57 there were nearly 420,000 prisoners in the country.
03:00 In Russia, you have four types of confinement,
03:03 details historian Mark Kelly,
03:05 the open-type colony,
03:07 in which the prisoners are very free,
03:09 the general regime,
03:10 where the majority of prisoners are locked up in barracks,
03:13 the severe regime,
03:15 with stricter restrictions,
03:16 especially on the right to visit,
03:18 and the exceptional regime,
03:20 in which Navalny is.
03:22 This last regime is reserved for the most dangerous prisoners,
03:25 those sentenced to perpetuity
03:27 or those whose death penalty has been commuted to life in prison.
03:31 For many observers,
03:32 these penitentiary colonies are part of the heritage of the Gulag,
03:36 the concentration system that allowed the deportation
03:39 of more than 20 million people under Soviet rule.
03:42 Although the Gulag officially disappeared after Stalin's death in 1953,
03:47 some of its characteristics remain in the current penitentiary system.
03:52 Founded in the early 1960s
03:54 and able to accommodate about a thousand prisoners,
03:57 the Carp penitentiary colony is also built on the former 501st Gulag.
04:02 The prison world retains a number of features that date back to the Stalinist era,
04:06 including the idea of climate as a tool of repression,
04:09 as Emilia Kostova, a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg
04:14 and a specialist in the Russian world, noted.
04:16 These are also very isolated places.
04:19 For three weeks,
04:20 it was no longer known where Navalny was.
04:23 There is a use of arbitrariness that has persisted since the Stalinist era
04:26 with a desire to break the ties between prisoners and their loved ones.
04:30 This rupture of ties becomes a means of repression and terror, or blackmail.
04:36 Before his transfer to IK3,
04:38 Alexei Navalny was confronted with multiple periods of prison isolation.
04:43 In total, he spent 236 days,
04:46 as noted in his last speech in October,
04:49 "Kiray-Armich".
04:51 There is a desire to ignore him and to turn against him.
04:55 Considered by Vladimir Putin as his main enemy,
04:58 Alexei Navalny continues to pay the price of his incitement against corruption
05:02 and for denouncing the despotic regime of the Kremlin.
05:06 On August 20, 2020,
05:08 the lawyer and activist had undergone an attempt to poison the Novichok
05:11 which had required an emergency hospitalization and a long re-education in Germany.
05:17 During a press conference,
05:18 the Kremlin's master had denied being behind the operation,
05:22 if he had been wanted, the case would have been carried out in his favor, he had declared.
05:27 For Emilia Kostova,
05:28 also a member of the Board of Directors of the French National Guard,
05:32 "Putin clearly has a very particular attitude towards Navalny,
05:36 he never pronounces his name,
05:38 there is a desire to ignore him and to turn against him.
05:41 His transfer to a colony characterized by a particularly severe regime goes in that direction.
05:48 Alexei Navalny's transfer also comes three months after the next Russian presidential election,
05:53 to which Vladimir Putin declared himself a candidate.
05:56 On this subject,
05:58 Alexei Navalny will no longer be able to send political messages, "Emilia Kostova says.
06:03 Vladimir Putin's re-election,
06:05 rid of his main detractor for a six-year mandate
06:09 authorized by the 2020 constitutional referendum,
06:12 appears like a simple formality,
06:14 in the absence of a solid opposition.
06:17 The last opponents who tried to shake off the Kremlin's strongman
06:21 were killed or imprisoned,
06:22 like Andrei Pivovarov,
06:24 former director of the Open Russian Movement,
06:27 or Ilya Yashin,
06:28 38 years old,
06:29 a figure of the opposition.
06:31 According to the UN's memorandum of understanding on the defense of French human rights,
06:35 whose central body was dissolved by the Supreme Russian Court in September 2021,
06:40 there are currently more than 500 political prisoners in Russia.
06:44 Last Saturday,
06:45 it was the candidacy of journalist Ekaterina Dountsova
06:48 who was dismissed by the Russian Electoral Commission for "errors in documents".
06:53 In reality,
06:54 there is no credible opposition,
06:56 not to mention that many people of his generation
06:58 are very favorable to Vladimir Putin's re-election.
07:02 "He has every chance of being re-elected with a fairly high rate,"
07:05 former Ambassador Sylvie Berman confirms.
07:09 The Russian presidential election will be held on March 17, 2024.