Dr. (H.C.) Ir. H. Soekarno1 (ER, EYD: Sukarno, birth name: Koesno Sosrodihardjo; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of the Republic of Indonesia who served in the period 1945–1967. He was a struggle figure who played an important role in liberating the Indonesian people from Dutch colonial rule. He was the Proclaimer of Indonesian Independence (together with Mohammad Hatta) on August 17, 1945. Soekarno was the first to coin the concept of Pancasila as the basis of the Indonesian state and he himself named it.
Soekarno signed the controversial March 11, 1966 (Supersemar) Order, the content of which - based on the version issued by the Army Headquarters - assigned Lieutenant General Suharto to secure and maintain the security of the state and the presidential institution. Supersemar became the basis for Lieutenant General Suharto to dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and replace its members who sat in parliament. After his accountability was rejected by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) at the fourth general assembly in 1967, Sukarno was dismissed from his position as president at the MPRS Special Session in the same year and Suharto replaced him as acting President of the Republic of Indonesia.
Soekarno signed the controversial March 11, 1966 (Supersemar) Order, the content of which - based on the version issued by the Army Headquarters - assigned Lieutenant General Suharto to secure and maintain the security of the state and the presidential institution. Supersemar became the basis for Lieutenant General Suharto to dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and replace its members who sat in parliament. After his accountability was rejected by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) at the fourth general assembly in 1967, Sukarno was dismissed from his position as president at the MPRS Special Session in the same year and Suharto replaced him as acting President of the Republic of Indonesia.
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