Consultant urologist Dr George Lee Eng Geap, or a.k.a Dr G, helps a reader zoom in on problems of his lopsided and painful balls that he noticed after getting into a new relationship recently.
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LifestyleTranscript
00:00We discussed about cystitis, which is a form of infection in the bladder.
00:04Then we talked about urethritis, which is a form of infection that happens in men
00:09caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia.
00:12But this week, we're discussing how can the testicles get infected.
00:22The testicle itself is called orchitis,
00:25or the infection of the structure around the testicle itself is called epididymitis.
00:31And the combination of the infection in the epididymis and the testicle itself
00:36is called epididymal orchitis.
00:40In fact, there are two types of pathogens that can cause this.
00:44One is bacteria, the other one is virus.
00:47Let's deal with bacteria first.
00:49For men who is below age of 40, it's commonly infected by sexually transmitted infections
00:56such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, or mycoplasma, or ureaplasma.
01:02These sort of bacteria classically is transmitted by sex,
01:06either through penetrative sex or oral sex.
01:09And as a result of that, the bacteria itself gets infected into the prostate
01:14and subsequently into the scrotum.
01:17And men will present with painful scrotum
01:19and then will come to the hospital with a swollen, painful testicle
01:23that requires intravenous antibiotics.
01:26And the vast majority of men above the age of 40,
01:30this is because of lack of complete evacuation of urine.
01:35For example, when the prostate is enlarged,
01:37then men cannot finish emptying their bladder completely.
01:40Residual urine often get infected
01:43and the common pathogen is called E. coli.
01:47E. coli similarly can actually get transmitted into the prostate
01:50and subsequently into the testicle, resulting in epidemal orchitis.
01:56Regardless of what type of infection it is,
01:59it will require an antibiotics.
02:02And that itself might go on for a period of at least 2-3 weeks
02:07in order to eliminate the infection altogether.
02:11So these sort of antibiotics probably will require a culture
02:17in order to make sure that the antibiotics are appropriate
02:20because the treatment for sexual and non-sexual infections are quite different.
02:26Apart from antibiotics resolving the problems of bacterial infection,
02:32there is also a virus infection.
02:34Virus infections such as mumps are well known to cause inflammation in the testicle.
02:41The virus infection in the testicle actually has no antiviral treatment
02:46and conservative treatment will be sufficient in order to resolve that mumps-induced orchitis.
02:52Sadly, a lot of the time, mumps-induced orchitis can also result in infertility.
02:58And that is something that can significantly cause distress in the future
03:03because men with destruction of the epidemal orchitis
03:07and then by mumps, the future production of spermatogenesis
03:12is grossly compromised, resulting in infertility.