偉人・敗北からの教訓 2025年3月22日 第85回「松平定信・度が過ぎた寛政の改革」
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00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, all the defeats were inevitable.
00:07How did the great men who colored the history of Japan lose?
00:13What kind of causes and mistakes were behind them?
00:18This time, we will focus on the defeat of Matsuda Ira Sadanobu,
00:23who initiated the reform of Kansei in the middle of the Edo period.
00:27He was chosen as the leader of the Shirakawa clan, who overcame the great crisis of the Tenmei,
00:33and was greatly defeated by the Baku no Rōjū Shuza.
00:37The reason why he desperately tried to improve society but was defeated was...
00:46The philosophy of life learned from the failures of those who were defeated.
00:53The lesson from the defeat of the great men.
01:04What do we learn from the failures of the great men in history?
01:11I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice of Shinko, and I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:18Thank you for joining us today.
01:21Last time, we talked about the Rōjū, Tanuma Okitsugu.
01:25Compared to the image he had learned at school, he has changed a lot.
01:30The image of a person in history is often influenced by the ideas of the next generation.
01:38In particular, it is difficult to move to a new politics unless you deny the previous one.
01:45So Okitsugu had the image of a wild politician,
01:49and he wanted to move to a new politics as well as possible.
01:58This time, we will focus on the defeat of Sadanobu Matsudaira,
02:04who started a new policy instead of Okitsugu Tanuma.
02:09Earlier, you said that the new politics started from the denial of the previous one.
02:15Was it Sadanobu Matsudaira who created the bad impression of Okitsugu?
02:21Sadanobu Matsudaira had the tendency to abolish Okitsugu based on personal grudges and malice,
02:28but I think he wanted to deny the economic policy of the Tanuma era more than that.
02:36This time, we will look at the lessons learned from the defeat of Sadanobu Matsudaira.
02:43First, let's take a look at what kind of person Sadanobu Matsudaira was.
02:49Sadanobu Matsudaira, an old beast who started the reform of the Kansai region in the middle of the Edo period,
02:56was born in Edo in 1758 as the stepson of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the 8th Shogun.
03:07The Toyasu family was one of the Go-San families,
03:12and just like the Go-San family,
03:16the Toyasu family played the role of a successor to the Shogun family.
03:21Sadanobu Matsudaira, who was famous from a young age, was expected to succeed the Toyasu family,
03:28but when he was 17 years old, he was chosen as the stepson of Matsudaira Sadakuni,
03:34the head of Shirakawa clan in the southern part of Fukushima prefecture.
03:39He succeeded the Toyasu family at the age of 26 and became the head of Shirakawa clan,
03:44but at that time, the clan was in a great chaos.
03:50Due to the great crisis, there was a serious shortage of rice.
03:57Sadanobu Matsudaira, in order to save the fishermen,
04:02worked hard to investigate the food and to reform the industry,
04:06and he himself became the head of Shirakawa clan.
04:10As a result, Shirakawa clan overcame this great crisis without issuing a Gassha.
04:19Sadanobu Matsudaira was highly praised for his quick actions and political wisdom.
04:24The following year, when the old beast, Tanuma Okitsugu, died,
04:28Sadanobu Matsudaira was chosen as the head of Shirakawa clan,
04:32who supported the 11th Shogun, Tokugawa Ienari, at the age of 30.
04:39Sadanobu Matsudaira, who spread the corrupt politics of the Tanuma period,
04:43and aimed to realize a better society,
04:46learned from Yoshimune, the founder of Shirakawa clan,
04:51and promoted reforms in all fields, such as politics, economy, and culture.
04:59It was a perfect reform.
05:04However, while he was working hard to improve the society,
05:08he suddenly lost his job due to a decision of the Shogunate.
05:15It was the moment of Sadanobu's defeat.
05:20Why was Sadanobu exiled from the Shogunate?
05:26This time, we will talk about Sadanobu Matsudaira's defeat,
05:30who lost his job due to a decision of the Shogunate.
05:36Now, let's look back at Sadanobu's life.
05:41The Tayasu family, which Sadanobu was born into,
05:45is one of the Gosankyo.
05:47What is the difference between the Gosankyo and the Gosan family?
05:51The Gosankyo is a family of Gosan,
05:54which is a direct descendant of Ieyasu.
05:58If there is no heir in the family,
06:01the Gosan family will call for the Shogun.
06:05Yoshimune himself came from the Kishu family.
06:09However, the Gosankyo family was established in the Edo period,
06:14so it was too far away from the Shogunate.
06:18Yoshimune decided to separate the Gosankyo from the Kishu family.
06:22He created the Tayasu, Hitotsubashi, and Shimizu families,
06:26and when the Kishu family was established in the Shogunate,
06:30he decided to call for the Shogun.
06:34Sadanobu had the potential to become a Shogun in the future.
06:38Yes.
06:39Why was he called for?
06:41It is said that there was a will of Okitsugu Tanuma
06:45to keep Sadanobu away from the Shogunate.
06:49It's a bit of a conspiracy theory.
06:52As for Okitsugu,
06:54I think it was easier for the current Shogunate
06:58to implement their own politics.
07:03For example, when Sadanobu became a Shogun,
07:07Okitsugu's policy was not recognized.
07:12It was said that Okitsugu was an excellent Shogun
07:15since he was young,
07:17so Okitsugu thought that Sadanobu
07:20had the potential to become a Shogun.
07:24Sadanobu, who was forced to give up his own thoughts,
07:28became a Shogun of Shirakawa,
07:30and worked hard to save the people who were suffering from famine.
07:34What kind of thoughts and policies did he have?
07:37Please take a look.
07:40Sadanobu was born in Tayasuke,
07:42who was qualified to be a Shogun in the future.
07:45He learned Judo when he was young,
07:47and was also good at Kenjutsu and Waka.
07:53Mr. Takazawa, who studies Sadanobu,
07:56said that Sadanobu had a dream when he was young.
08:03If I could become a Shogun,
08:05I would like to become a Shogun.
08:11However, his dream was shattered.
08:16He was exiled at the age of 17,
08:19and at the age of 26,
08:21he decided to become a Shogun of Shirakawa.
08:27I see.
08:28In the position of supporting the Shogunate,
08:30I will leave my name in history,
08:32just like Lord Gongen and Yoshimune.
08:35However, Sadanobu was facing a great difficulty.
08:42As a result of the conflict caused by abnormal weather in the Tohoku region,
08:47Mt. Asama erupted just before Hanshu Shurin.
08:53Due to the dust, the sunlight was cut off,
08:56and the air was polluted,
08:58causing serious shortage of rice throughout Japan.
09:03The biggest famine in the Edo period,
09:06the Great Famine of Tenmei.
09:11Mr. Uemura, who has been studying the history of Shirakawa for many years,
09:16talks about the situation of Shirakawa.
09:20In the Tohoku region,
09:22people sold human flesh as dog meat,
09:25or actually mixed human flesh with grass and ate it.
09:32There were hundreds of thousands of farmers in the Tohoku region.
09:38Shirakawa had a shortage of rice,
09:42and there was a shortage of rice in Echigo.
09:45Sadanobu sent 10,000 bowls of rice from there.
09:51In addition, I bought 2,000 bowls of rice in Osaka,
09:54and in Edo, I bought shiitake mushrooms and starfish and sent them to Shirakawa.
10:01In addition, Sadanobu started a self-reflective reform.
10:06He introduced the human-separation policy,
10:09where rice is provided to the people regardless of the class of Hanshu.
10:15Once the self-reflective system was abolished,
10:17rice was distributed to men in groups of five,
10:19and to women in groups of three,
10:21according to the number of people in the family.
10:25It was the samurai who sent a message to help the people.
10:31For the time being, the senior officials of the Koukyu-tori
10:35were forced to make a lot of demands.
10:39I didn't ask you to reduce our rice supply!
10:46It's for the good of the people.
10:48The founder of the Kenyaku, let me be the model.
10:53Sadanobu himself reduced the number of rice grains,
10:57and he immediately took on the role of Kenyaku,
10:59such as wearing sloppy clothes.
11:03And he continued this system for a year,
11:06and overcame the food crisis.
11:11No matter what happens, even if there is resistance from Hanshu,
11:14I think he did it with a strong feeling that he would definitely suppress it.
11:19Sadanobu is proud of his achievements
11:23in the Jijo-den, Uge.
11:28I heard that 400,000 people died in Sendai,
11:33but there were no massacres in my Ryogoku.
11:38In addition, Sadanobu is also involved in anti-population reduction issues.
11:45At that time, in Shirakawa,
11:48there were many people from the Seikatsu-ku who had a baby soon after birth.
11:56The rate at which a girl was born was high.
12:00The reason is that girls are not suitable for agriculture.
12:04As a result, the number of women is very small compared to the number of men.
12:13If you don't increase the number of women and promote marriage,
12:16the population and the number of children will not increase.
12:21Sadanobu drew a picture of hell on a picture book,
12:24and realized that if he killed a baby, he would fall into hell,
12:27so he tried to end the evil.
12:33In addition, he provided one child a year
12:37so that he could safely give birth and have children.
12:43It is also said that he gave a bottle of rice every year
12:47as a reward to a large family that had more than five children.
12:55Since Sadanobu's anti-population reduction,
12:59the population of Shirakawa has increased by about 3,500.
13:06Due to Sadanobu's reform, Shirakawa was in a crisis.
13:12On the other hand, Edo was suffering from the impact of the crisis.
13:17Fukagawa Edo Shuryokan is located in Shirakawa, Koto-ku,
13:21where Sadanobu's book, Shirakawa-han, is based.
13:28It is a facility where you can experience the life of the people
13:31by reproducing the cityscape of Edo.
13:36When Sadanobu was in charge of Shirakawa-han,
13:39people from rural areas in Suekatsu-ku flowed into Edo,
13:43and the population was rapidly increasing.
13:48There, the famine overlapped, and the people were suffering.
13:55The price of rice soared almost five times,
13:58and people rushed to the Bugyo-sho.
14:02At the time of the Bugyo-sho,
14:04in the old days of the famine,
14:07people ate dogs instead of food.
14:10So people said,
14:12why don't we eat dogs instead of food?
14:15The story of the Bugyo-sho spread throughout Edo.
14:20The people, shivering with anger,
14:22broke up in Akasaka.
14:26Then, the Bugyo-sho spread throughout Edo,
14:29and 1,000 rice fields were destroyed.
14:34What did the people of Edo do at that time?
14:40Mr. Oishi, an expert in politics and society of the Edo period,
14:44told us this.
14:46The people destroyed the rice fields,
14:48and told us to throw them away.
14:50It was normal to take them away,
14:52but it was hard for people in Edo to put up with that.
14:55They told us to sell them properly.
14:57They didn't tell us to throw them away.
14:59They told us to sell them properly.
15:01The number of people who joined the destruction
15:03increased to 5,000,
15:05and Edo fell into great chaos.
15:08In order to escape this crisis,
15:10Sadanobu, 30 years old at that time,
15:12was appointed as the head of the Shira-kawa clan.
15:15He succeeded in reforming the Shira-kawa clan.
15:21He was also appointed as the head of the Shogun-hosa,
15:24which led the 15-year-old Ienari,
15:26who would soon become the 11th Shogun.
15:33Sadanobu was born in Reiganjima,
15:35which was located near the river.
15:37He offered his prayers to the Shogun of Reiganjima.
15:44He prayed for the peace of the world,
15:46so that the gold, silver, and grain
15:48would flow without ceasing,
15:50not only for his own sake,
15:52but also for the lives of his ancestors.
16:00The flow of rice became active,
16:02so that the Shimojimo would be at ease.
16:04With the rice flow,
16:10the Shogun's goodwill
16:12and blessings
16:14came to Shimojimo.
16:16The Shogun's goodwill and blessings
16:18came to Shimojimo.
16:20And so the shogun's faith
16:22was restored.
16:24and the ruins of the Edo Shogunate would be rebuilt.
16:29The people of Edo had high hopes for Sadanobu.
16:33This is what they wrote in the letter.
16:37The lord of the Edo Shogunate is Wakashi,
16:40and the one they look up to is Echuu, the god of Matsudaira.
16:48And Sadanobu continues to reform.
16:54Edo Shogunate
16:58Edo Shogunate
17:02Edo Shogunate
17:06Edo Shogunate
17:09Edo Shogunate
17:12The previous lord, Okitsugu Tanuma,
17:15focused on business to develop the economy.
17:21As a result, the Wairo Seiji rebelled,
17:25and Edo became the capital of the Kyoraku,
17:29where the wealth concentrated in a certain class.
17:41Sadanobu used the reform of the Kyoho,
17:44created by his grandfather Yoshimune,
17:47to change the world.
17:51It was the beginning of the reform of the Kansai region.
17:55It was a policy of caring for agriculture, not commerce.
18:07In order to get enough food,
18:10they had to increase the number of farmers.
18:14So they lent rice and money to families with many children,
18:19and actively supported child-rearing.
18:23In addition, they issued the Kyuri-Ki-no-Rei,
18:26which was a form of payment to those who wanted to return to the countryside.
18:33It was a form of payment to those who wanted to return to the countryside.
18:38It was a form of payment to those who wanted to return to the countryside.
18:43It was a policy to do it all at once.
18:47Sadanobu didn't let the people who came from the countryside get food.
18:51They became homeless,
18:54and started to commit crimes.
18:59For example, they would break a warehouse and take what was inside.
19:03Or they would become thieves and kill people.
19:08Sadanobu was inspired by Hasegawa Heizo,
19:12who was a Hitsuke-tozoku.
19:15He decided to build a facility.
19:22It was a facility on the island of Ishikawa,
19:25which was in the center of Japan.
19:28It was a place where criminals gathered
19:31to train them to be good officers.
19:34It was a place where criminals gathered to train them to be good officers.
19:40In the past, there were homeless people on the bridge,
19:44but not anymore.
19:46I heard there are fewer thieves now.
19:49In addition, Sadanobu built a revolutionary system
19:53based on the lessons he learned from Kikin.
20:01At that time, people living in Edo
20:04had to pay for the maintenance of roads and waterways,
20:07as well as the expenses for fire-fighting.
20:10Each town had to pay for that.
20:14Sadanobu reduced the expenses by 30%.
20:17He built a system called the Shichibutsumikin,
20:20where 70% of the expenses were collected.
20:23He used the money to save on food,
20:26and to pay for the reconstruction of the disaster.
20:31He even made a power loan
20:34to the wealthy Province.
20:37He used the money for a social service,
20:40and to help people who are living alone,
20:43or who had their homes burned in a fire.
20:46He used the money to give it away.
20:49He used the money to give it away.
20:52He built a system to help those who need it like a social net.
20:56Such a series of projects were welcomed by the people.
21:02However, Satanobu put even more pressure on the government,
21:06and bought a ship instead.
21:12I wanted to save the people who were in trouble.
21:15I wanted to stabilize everyone's life.
21:19I felt the passion that he was seriously working on the project.
21:24In the first place, the reason why such a reform was carried out
21:28was because of the funds.
21:31There are three major funds in the Edo period,
21:34which are Kyoho, Tenmei, and Tenpo.
21:37Tenmei was the most affected.
21:40With 200,000 members and a population of less than 1 million,
21:45there was a crisis in the country.
21:51I was surprised that Satanobu was also taking measures
21:54to reduce the number of people living in rural areas.
21:58He was very determined to take measures
22:02against rural people and farmers.
22:05He was trying to stop the decline of rural population.
22:09In a more interesting way,
22:11he was trying to employ people from Tenma-cho.
22:14He was trying to make Yujo of Kawamori-juku his wife.
22:19This is what Satanobu's subordinates did.
22:23That's how far he's come.
22:25Satanobu became a BAKU resident at the age of 30.
22:29This is a very unusual speed.
22:31Yes, it is unusual.
22:33The average age of a resident is around 45 years old.
22:37I think it can be said that Satanobu became a resident at the age of 30.
22:42However, there is a background to this.
22:45Harusada Hitotsubashi, the father of Ienari,
22:49the 11th Shogun,
22:51was said to have a plan.
22:56Harusada worked for the Go-San family
22:59to get rid of Tanuma Seiji.
23:02He was a good man.
23:04He was a good man.
23:06He was a good man.
23:08He was a good man.
23:10He was a good man.
23:12He was a good man.
23:14He was a good man.
23:16He was a good man.
23:18He was a good man.
23:20He was a good man.
23:22He was a good man.
23:24He was a good man.
23:26He was a good man.
23:28He was a good man.
23:30He was a good man.
23:32He was a good man.
23:34He was a good man.
23:36He was a good man.
23:38He was a good man.
23:40He was a good man.
23:42He was a good man.
23:44He was a good man.
23:46He was a good man.
23:48He was a good man.
23:50He was a good man.
23:52He was a good man.
23:54He was a good man.
23:56He was a good man.
23:58He was a good man.
24:00He was a good man.
24:02He was a good man.
24:04He was a good man.
24:06He was a good man.
24:08He was a good man.
24:10He was a good man.
24:12He was a good man.
24:14He was a good man.
24:16He was a good man.
24:18He was a good man.
24:20He was a good man.
24:22He was a good man.
24:24He was a good man.
24:26He was a good man.
24:28He was a good man.
24:30He was a good man.
24:32He was a good man.
24:34He was a good man.
24:36Sadanobu continues his reformation.
24:40However, too much reformation
24:42leads to a lot of rebellions.
24:44In the end,
24:46he will be disqualified.
24:48The countdown to defeat begins.
24:50Sadanobu was pushing forward
24:52the reformation
24:54to create a better country.
24:58However,
25:00the wind of the policy
25:02that is based on restrictions
25:04is getting stronger.
25:06The world's unrest
25:08is getting stronger,
25:10and the dissatisfaction
25:12is increasing.
25:14Has everyone forgotten
25:16the chaos of the time
25:18of the Great Depression?
25:22Sadanobu submits
25:24his resignation many times,
25:26but every time,
25:28he is rejected
25:30by the government.
25:32I would like you to
25:34work for another 10 years.
25:38Then,
25:40let's continue the restrictions,
25:42learn the history,
25:44and aim for a country
25:46that can withstand
25:489 years of forced labor.
25:50Sadanobu prepares for
25:52an emergency,
25:54and signs a new contract.
25:56The first thing he did
25:58was the forbidden place.
26:00In 1967,
26:02the cost of the Great Depression
26:04increased significantly.
26:06So,
26:08Sadanobu reduced
26:10the cost of the Great Depression
26:12to one-third.
26:14Of course,
26:16the Great Depression
26:18was strong and
26:20Sadanobu's assassination plan
26:22was rumored,
26:24but Sadanobu
26:26continues the reformation
26:28of the Great Depression.
26:30I think that was a
26:32groundbreaking reformation.
26:34First of all,
26:36Sadanobu protected
26:38the people from hunger and cold.
26:40Then,
26:42he solved morality
26:44and made the country rich.
26:46Sadanobu learned
26:48the history of China.
26:50In order to protect the social order
26:52and order,
26:54Sadanobu tried to spread
26:56the teaching of the Great Depression
26:58to the people.
27:00He also forced
27:02the people to sign a contract.
27:10In 1790,
27:12Sadanobu published
27:14a book called
27:16Charlebon,
27:18which was a book
27:20about the history of
27:22the Great Depression.
27:26Then,
27:28Sadanobu bought
27:30Santo Kyoden,
27:32a popular author,
27:34for half of
27:36Sadanobu's fortune.
27:40When Sadanobu published
27:42a book criticizing
27:44the Great Depression,
27:46Sadanobu ignored it
27:48and promoted it.
27:50However,
27:52Sadanobu started to
27:54suppress it.
28:00What was the result
28:02of Sadanobu's reform?
28:14In 1791,
28:16Sadanobu strengthened
28:18the regulation of the air.
28:20Until then,
28:22Sadanobu had a habit
28:24of prohibiting marriage
28:26in Sento.
28:40Sadanobu's reform
28:42was more strict
28:44and reduced the amount
28:46of alcohol imported
28:48to Edo.
28:50This is a document
28:52from the Nakagawa Shipping Office
28:54in Nakagawa,
28:56which is located
28:58in the Nakagawa River.
29:02Sadanobu ordered
29:04to reduce the amount
29:06of alcohol imported
29:08to Edo by one-third,
29:10so the office
29:12was more strict.
29:16In the first place,
29:18alcohol became
29:20less to drink if it was expensive
29:22and more to drink
29:24if it was cheap.
29:26I can't get enough of it.
29:28It's not like
29:30it's good
29:32because I'm full.
29:34I'm getting more and more
29:36excited about it.
29:38In the Tanuma period,
29:40which was full of free air,
29:42such a strength
29:44was popularized.
29:46Tanuma Koishiki,
29:48who lived in Kiyoki,
29:50in the Nakagawa River,
29:52was the original
29:54Tanuma Koishiki.
29:56When criticism
29:58against him increased,
30:00Sadanobu started
30:02to guard the citizens.
30:04In the document,
30:06there was a map
30:08of the city.
30:10He would
30:12go around
30:14and, for example,
30:16he would report
30:18what kind of luxury
30:20was prohibited
30:22or what kind of
30:24reforms were
30:26criticized.
30:28In addition,
30:30Sadanobu's strict eyes
30:32could be seen
30:34regardless of status.
30:40Emperor Koukaku
30:42wanted to send
30:44his father
30:46the title of
30:48son of Dajo.
30:50Sadanobu
30:52refused because
30:54his father
30:56had never
30:58obeyed him.
31:08In addition,
31:10young Shogun Ienari
31:12was known to have
31:14more than 50 children.
31:18I went to his house
31:20about seven times
31:22a month.
31:26I told Sadanobu
31:28that I would
31:30go to his house
31:32if I could
31:34live there.
31:36I told Ienari
31:38and he agreed.
31:46Sadanobu wanted
31:48to further strengthen
31:50his authority,
31:52so he gave
31:54the title of
31:56son of Dajo to Shogun Ienari.
32:00However,
32:02only at this time
32:04did Sadanobu
32:06accept the title of
32:08son of Dajo.
32:20Sadanobu lost
32:22five times.
32:26I thought,
32:28what?
32:30Did he accept it?
32:32That's what I thought.
32:36Sadanobu dedicated
32:38his life to reform
32:40in order to improve
32:42the world.
32:44In just six years,
32:46he left the shogunate.
32:50I don't think
32:52reform itself was a bad thing,
32:54but I wonder
32:56why he went too far.
32:58Well,
33:00there are people
33:02who want to do things
33:04thoroughly.
33:06I think
33:08Sadanobu's integrity
33:10was a big factor.
33:12So he gave the title
33:14of son of Dajo
33:16to Shogun Ienari.
33:18However,
33:20if Shogun Ienari had
33:2250 sons,
33:24it would have been
33:26a huge expense.
33:28Sadanobu had to
33:30improve the world.
33:34What do you think
33:36was the biggest reason
33:38for Sadanobu's defeat?
33:40According to the legend,
33:42the reason was
33:44the bad relationship
33:46between Shogun Ienari
33:48and the shogun.
33:50Shogun Ienari asked
33:52Sadanobu to make
33:54the city of Harusada
33:56the capital of Harusada.
33:58Sadanobu was a man
34:00who was a man of goodwill.
34:02He said,
34:04we can't do anything
34:06without goodwill.
34:08I think it was a good thing.
34:10However,
34:12Sadanobu had to close the shop
34:14after 6 years.
34:16I have a different
34:18opinion.
34:20Here,
34:22we will look at
34:24the point of view of
34:26Ito Jun.
34:30The economy of the market
34:32was created by Sadanobu.
34:34He had no way
34:36to stop the flow
34:38of the economy.
34:40I think he had a limit
34:42to his policy.
34:44As Sadanobu wrote,
34:46he was a man of goodwill.
34:48The economy of the market
34:50was developing
34:52with goodwill.
34:54However,
34:56the samurai wanted
34:58to go back to basics.
35:00So, they tried to
35:02go back to nonsense.
35:04Sadanobu realized
35:06that his policy
35:08was outdated.
35:12We can appreciate
35:14a policy that
35:16respects life,
35:18but we want to
35:20respect a policy
35:22that respects life.
35:26What kind of life
35:28did Sadanobu have
35:30after he quit his job?
35:32Maybe his life
35:34was the brightest
35:36in the second half of his life.
35:38Look at this.
35:42Sadanobu quit his job
35:44at the age of 36.
35:46After returning to Shirakawa,
35:48Sadanobu started
35:50his own business.
35:52In 1801,
35:54when Shirakawa was besieged,
35:56he started a business
35:58to help the people
36:00who were in dire need.
36:02He built
36:04Nanko Park
36:06for the sake of the people.
36:08Nanko was built
36:10for the development of a temple.
36:12When building Nanko,
36:14farmers were paid
36:16to build Nanko Park.
36:18It took only a few days
36:20to complete.
36:22At that time,
36:24the park was only
36:26inside the castle
36:28and the temple,
36:30but it was open
36:32to the general public.
36:34Therefore,
36:36Nanko Park
36:38is said to be
36:40the oldest park in Japan.
36:42People enjoy the park
36:44when they visit Shirakawa.
36:48In addition,
36:50Sadanobu also
36:52brought light
36:54to beautiful Japanese culture.
36:56Shirakawa's stone
36:58was carved
37:00by many people
37:02from the past.
37:06At that time,
37:08Sadanobu found
37:10a place
37:12where people could
37:14take a rest.
37:16Sadanobu left
37:18some of the lost
37:20art pieces
37:22and started
37:24a project
37:26to pass them on
37:28to the next generation.
37:30The words
37:32of a craftsman
37:34were created
37:36by Sadanobu.
37:38It is said
37:40that Sadanobu
37:42drew the people
37:44of Edo
37:46vividly.
37:48In this painting,
37:50Sadanobu criticized
37:52Sadanobu's position
37:54and wrote
37:56the words of Sadanobu.
37:58In this painting,
38:00Sadanobu described
38:02how people lived
38:04far away from
38:06Sadanobu.
38:08Sadanobu said
38:10people should pass on
38:12what they should pass on.
38:14But Sadanobu didn't
38:16want people to
38:18pass on
38:20what they should pass on.
38:24Sadanobu spent
38:26his last years of life
38:28in Edo
38:30enjoying society
38:32and singing.
38:34In 1936,
38:36Sadanobu passed away
38:38at the age of 72.
38:42It is strange to say
38:44that people who are successful
38:46are left alone,
38:48but if they are free,
38:50they will succeed.
38:52It is the biggest challenge
38:54of politics to
38:56deal with people
38:58who are not successful.
39:00Sadanobu saw
39:02that and thought
39:04what Sadanobu
39:06really wanted
39:08from the bottom of his heart.
39:12He wrote
39:14the following words.
39:16I still can't
39:18get rid of my desire.
39:20In fact,
39:22my desire for honor
39:24is stronger than
39:26my desire for money
39:28and my desire for power.
39:30Like his great grandfather Yoshimune,
39:32Sadanobu may have
39:34devoted his life
39:36to a great cause
39:38in order to realize
39:40his desire.
39:50He may have
39:52become a shogun.
39:54I think his self-doubt
39:56had a bad influence
39:58on the way
40:00Sadanobu thought.
40:02I think he thought
40:04he was a great politician
40:06who saved the world.
40:08But on the other hand,
40:10he saw the progress
40:12of the economy
40:14and realized
40:16that it was not
40:18his time.
40:20I felt that
40:22Sadanobu was really
40:24dedicated to his work
40:26after he left the government.
40:28I think Sadanobu
40:30had a good life
40:32thanks to his hard work
40:34and dedication.
40:36I think Sadanobu's great achievement
40:38was that he improved
40:40Shidakawa's economy
40:42thanks to the reform.
40:44To be more specific,
40:46Shidakawa had a small income
40:48because he lived in the inland.
40:50So he was in a hurry
40:52to improve his economy.
40:54So Sadanobu
40:56was in a hurry
40:58to improve his economy.
41:00In addition,
41:02Sadanobu planted
41:04Chinese carrots,
41:06bamboo, ginger,
41:08and tobacco.
41:10These were the products
41:12of Shidakawa's business.
41:14Then Sadanobu
41:16became a criminal.
41:18I think Sadanobu
41:20had both good and bad sides.
41:22What kind of person
41:24was Sadanobu?
41:26He was a strong man
41:28who didn't care about
41:30the world.
41:32He was a man
41:34who didn't care
41:36about the world.
41:38He was a man
41:40who didn't care
41:42about the world.
41:44He was a man
41:46who didn't care
41:48about the world.
41:50He was a man
41:52who didn't care
41:54about the world.
41:56He was a man
41:58who didn't care
42:00about the world.
42:02He was a man
42:04who didn't care
42:06about the world.
42:08He was a man
42:10who didn't care
42:12about the world.
42:14He was a man
42:16who didn't care
42:18about the world.
42:20He was a man
42:22who didn't care
42:24about the world.
42:26He was a man
42:28who didn't care
42:30about the world.
42:32He was a man
42:34who didn't care
42:36about the world.
42:38He was a man
42:40who didn't care
42:42about the world.
42:44He was a man
42:46who didn't care
42:48about the world.
42:50He was a man
42:52who didn't care
42:54about the world.
42:56He was a man
42:58who didn't care
43:00about the world.
43:02He was a man
43:04who didn't care
43:06about the world.
43:08He was a man
43:10who didn't care
43:12about the world.
43:14He was a man
43:16who didn't care
43:18about the world.
43:20He was a man
43:22who didn't care
43:24about the world.
43:26He was a man
43:28who didn't care
43:30about the world.
43:32He was a man
43:34who didn't care
43:36about the world.
43:38He was a man
43:40who didn't care
43:42about the world.
43:44He was a man
43:46who didn't care
43:48about the world.
43:50He was a man
43:52who didn't care
43:54about the world.
43:56He was a man
43:58who didn't care
44:00about the world.
44:02He was a man
44:04who didn't care
44:06about the world.
44:08He was a man
44:10who didn't care
44:12about the world.
44:14He was a man
44:16who didn't care
44:18about the world.
44:20He was a man
44:22who didn't care
44:24about the world.
44:26He was a man
44:28who didn't care
44:30about the world.
44:32He was a man
44:34who didn't care
44:36about the world.
44:38He was a man
44:40who didn't care
44:42about the world.
44:44He was a man
44:46who didn't care
44:48about the world.
44:50He was a man
44:52who didn't care
44:54about the world.
44:56He was a man
44:58who didn't care
45:00about the world.
45:02He was a man
45:04who didn't care
45:06about the world.