Welcome to a mind-bending journey where we unravel the cosmic mystery – why the universe shouldn't actually exist! Join me in this exploration as we delve into the intriguing paradoxes that challenge our understanding of existence. Brace yourself for a mind-expanding experience as we navigate the cosmos and seek answers to one of the most profound questions ever asked. Subscribe now for more thought-provoking content!
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00:00 Introduction
01:19 Understanding Energy
02:32 Weighing the Observable Universe
05:44 The Uncertainty Principle
#universe #joerogan #jre #neildegrassetyson #world #physics #ndt #briancox #science #energy #uncertaintyprinciple #cosmic #jameswebbspacetelescope #paradox #enigma #jreclips #aliens #ufoキャッチャー #shorts
00:00 Introduction
01:19 Understanding Energy
02:32 Weighing the Observable Universe
05:44 The Uncertainty Principle
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NewsTranscript
00:00You should not exist.
00:04And the world should not exist.
00:09The universe's existence is a marvel, with its intricate order defying the odds.
00:15Sir Roger Penrose, a Nobel Prize winning physicist, introduced the concept of the Penrose number.
00:23Highlighting the extraordinary precision in the universe's creation,
00:27despite the natural decay of order over time, our universe stands as a unique artifact resisting the inevitable chaos.
00:36Penrose's calculations reveal an unfathomable level of precision, a 1 in 1010 123 chance.
00:45The delicate balance between matter and antimatter further emphasizes the universe's improbable existence.
00:51However, physicists face an even more perplexing challenge, the weight of the universe.
00:58The cosmological constant problem posits that, according to quantum mechanics and general relativity,
01:04the universe should have collapsed under its own weight at the moment of creation.
01:09This weight, primarily from the vacuum of empty space, remains an enduring mystery,
01:16captivating scientists for nearly a century.
01:20Now, delving into the fascinating history of energy,
01:24Julius von Meyer's observations in the Dutch East Indies led to a groundbreaking discovery.
01:30His understanding of blood color variation in different climates laid the foundation for the concept of energy.
01:37Energy, in its various forms, powers our lives,
01:41from Waterwheel's storing potential energy to Einstein's revelation that mass itself is a form of energy,
01:48captured in the famous equation E equals mc2.
01:52This equation showcases the immense energy equivalence even in small masses,
01:57like in 9kg dog carrying energy equivalent to the eruption of Krakatoa.
02:02As Einstein connected mass and energy, gravity's influence on all forms of energy became apparent.
02:09Not just mass, but even light, devoid of mass, experiences gravitational pull due to its energy.
02:16Exploring the universe's weight leads us to hidden energy in stars, planets, and the mysterious dark universe.
02:23It's time to weigh the universe, considering not only visible mass,
02:28but also the vast energy hidden in the cosmic expanse.
02:32In the city of Syracuse, Archimedes, a brilliant mathematician from the 3rd century BC,
02:39contemplated the vastness of the universe.
02:46Disputing the idea of an infinite number of sand grains, he devised the Sand Reckoner, starting with poppy seeds.
02:54Estimating the universe's size, he concluded it couldn't contain an infinite number of grains,
03:00limiting it 10 to the power of 63.
03:03Archimedes, though underestimated, laid the groundwork for understanding the universe's immense scale.
03:11To truly weigh the universe, we delve into the observable universe, approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter.
03:20Born 13.8 billion years ago, signals from distant corners are yet to reach us due to their extreme distances.
03:29Despite popular belief, the observable universe isn't restricted to 13.8 billion light-years.
03:36Accounting for space expansion, signals could reach us from up to 46.5 billion light-years away.
03:43The universe might stretch infinitely or loop back on itself, forming an undetectably large sphere.
03:50However, the unobservable realms remain mysterious, potentially filled with unknown elements or differing physical laws.
03:59Moving to observable entities, we assess stars.
04:02Our Sun, a typical star, weighs about 2 million trillion trillion kg.
04:07The Milky Way hosts 100 to 400 billion stars, collectively weighing up to a billion billion trillion trillion kg.
04:15With at least 200 billion galaxies, containing an average of 100 billion stars each,
04:21we estimate a total of around 2,000 trillion trillion trillion trillion kg for visible stars.
04:27However, this overlooks other sources, like interstellar gas.
04:31A more accurate method involves studying the cosmic microwave background radiation,
04:36revealing approximately 15,000 trillion trillion trillion trillion kg of mass in the observable universe.
04:44But, visible matter constitutes only 5% of the universe.
04:50Dark matter, invisible and five times more abundant than visible matter, influences space-time through gravity.
04:57Dark energy, constituting 70% of the universe, drives cosmic expansion, revealed by distant supernovae dimming.
05:05This mysterious force, associated with the energy of empty space, contributes significantly to the universe's total energy.
05:14Weighing everything—planets, stars, dark matter, and dark energy—yields a universe with energy equivalent to 67 trillion trillion trillion trillion tons of TNT,
05:27distributed across a vast space, resulting in low density.
05:31This allows the universe to expand and evolve, posing the enigma of the cosmological constant problem.
05:39Why is there so little dark energy when physics theories suggest it should be abundant?
05:44The Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics.
05:48It's a fundamental concept that states it's impossible to simultaneously measure the exact position and momentum of a particle.
05:56This isn't a limitation of our measurement tools, but a fundamental property of nature.
06:01If you try to measure an electron's position precisely, its speed and direction become uncertain.
06:07Conversely, if you know its speed and direction, its exact location becomes uncertain.
06:12This principle is a direct result of the wave-like properties of quantum particles.
06:18This principle is counterintuitive and challenges our everyday experiences.
06:23In the macroscopic world, we can know both the position and speed of, say, a car at the same time.
06:29But in the quantum world, things work differently.
06:32The more precisely one property is measured, the less precisely the other can be known.
06:37This has been confirmed in numerous experiments and is a key aspect of quantum mechanics.
06:43It's a strange and fascinating idea that the act of measurement itself affects the system being observed.
06:50The uncertainty principle has profound implications.
06:54It's key to the stability of atoms and the functioning of quantum computers.
07:00Without it, electrons could spiral into the nucleus, collapsing atoms.
07:05So matter as we know it wouldn't exist.
07:08It's a reminder that at the quantum level, reality doesn't work in the way we're used to.
07:13Particles can be in multiple places at once, and observing them changes their state.
07:19This principle even has implications for the energy levels of atoms and the spectral lines we see in atomic spectra.
07:26Moreover, the uncertainty principle is a testament to the inherent fuzziness of nature at its most fundamental level.
07:33It tells us that the universe is not deterministic, as classical physics would have us believe, but probabilistic.
07:40It's a world where cause and effect don't always have a straightforward relationship.
07:45It's a world that's beautifully complex and endlessly intriguing.
07:50The uncertainty principle is just one of the many ways in which quantum mechanics challenges our understanding of the universe and opens up a whole new world of possibilities.
08:00So, the next time you look up at the night sky, remember, there's a lot more uncertainty out there than you might think.
08:07That's it for today's video.
08:09Stay curious, keep asking questions, and keep exploring the wonders of the universe with us.
08:15Until next time, goodbye, and keep learning.