Comment Les Avions Sont Testés Pour Que Notre Sécurité Soit Assurée à 37 000 Pieds

Sympa

Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé comment les avions sont testés pour nous garder en sécurité à 37 000 pieds d'altitude ? C'est en fait assez fou ! Les ingénieurs soumettent les avions à des tests incroyables, comme plier leurs ailes presque jusqu'au point de rupture pour s'assurer qu'elles peuvent résister aux turbulences. Ils simulent également des conditions météorologiques extrêmes—imaginez des températures glaciales, une chaleur torride, et même des fausses frappes de foudre—pour garantir que rien ne tourne mal dans des conditions réelles. Les avions sont testés dans des tunnels à vent à des vitesses folles pour voir comment ils se comporteront en vol. Même les sièges et les ceintures de sécurité sont testés pour des scénarios d'accident afin de protéger les passagers. Tous ces tests font de l'avion l'un des moyens de transport les plus sûrs !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00When you are in the sky, you can take a look through the skylight and see the engines just below the wing.

00:07A thought crosses your mind, how fascinating it is.

00:10It's this little thing that keeps us in the air at 11,300 meters of altitude.

00:16And after that, you go back to your movie, your book or your iPad.

00:21Of course, it's pretty cool, but we expect it to work.

00:25We consider that it goes without saying and we don't pay much attention to it.

00:29But know that to get to this result that has become so ordinary, it took a lot of work.

00:34Fasten your seatbelts.

00:36Today, we will discover everything that is necessary for an airplane engine to work properly.

00:41Before you board your plane and its pilot turns on the engines,

00:45the aircraft must pass many tests and prove that it is safe.

00:49One of these tests, for example, consists of injecting very high pressure water into the engine.

00:55Most engines evolve over time.

00:58Engineers always seek to build something new,

01:01to improve certain characteristics and, in general,

01:05to modernize the machines to ensure that they work as best as possible.

01:09And for them, it's very fun, at least until the engine in question meets Mother Nature.

01:15To ensure that it remains efficient and stable,

01:17experts must ensure that it resists violent storms with rain, ice and snow,

01:23extreme heat and many other things.

01:26An engine must be ready to face all this before its production even begins.

01:31Engines can absorb huge amounts of water.

01:34There are special tests to test this.

01:37During one of these tests, a team projects water into a running engine.

01:42You will be surprised.

01:43They send nearly 3,000 liters of water per minute directly into the engine.

01:48These tests confirm that you will be safe on board the plane,

01:52even in the event of heavy rain or a storm of immeasurable power.

01:56If the engine is designed correctly and meets safety standards,

01:59the water will come out without damaging it.

02:02Let's continue.

02:03When the temperatures are very low and the weather cools down,

02:07everything becomes icy.

02:09This can damage the engines and cause major problems for the planes.

02:13These tests are particularly difficult.

02:16Experts have to send all kinds of ice particles into a running engine.

02:21After all, you never know what you're going to run into in midair.

02:25Let's continue.

02:26When the temperatures are very low and the weather cools down,

02:30everything becomes icy.

02:32This can damage the engines and cause major problems for the planes.

02:36These tests are particularly difficult.

02:39Experts have to send all kinds of ice particles into a running engine.

02:44After all, you never know what you're going to run into in midair.

02:48Hot and cold tests are also fun.

02:51To check whether an engine will continue to operate in extreme heat conditions,

02:55manufacturers will run it at maximum temperature

02:58and keep it in this state for a long time.

03:01During a flight, the temperatures can be excessively high,

03:05but also very, very low.

03:07To test the effect of glacial temperatures,

03:10engineers must go to a place where it is very cold.

03:13For example, the Canadian Arctic region of Nunavut.

03:17Cover yourself well because the temperatures there are not very pleasant.

03:21They go down to minus 28 degrees Celsius.

03:24Once there, you let the engine go through flight tests and on the ground for a week.

03:30It's nice to stick your face to the window

03:32to watch a plane take altitude, isn't it?

03:35Well, if a plane manages to take off, it's thanks to its rotating blades.

03:40They are super important and rotate at an incredible rate of 3,000 rpm.

03:45The engine reaches its full power thanks to their rotation.

03:48But these blades must be secured.

03:51Something can always happen

03:53and one of them could come off.

03:56This is why tests are an essential part of the process.

03:59They allow us to know if certain blades are not fixed firmly enough

04:04and to remedy it, if necessary,

04:06in order to avoid any problems,

04:08especially when the plane is in flight.

04:11By detaching, a blade could hit other parts of the aircraft.

04:15This has already happened in the past with some planes.

04:18This is why tests are now very strict.

04:21They allow specialists to determine

04:23if the blades are well adjusted even before their final assembly.

04:27During the test, the engineers place a small explosive at the base of one of these blades.

04:31When the engine is turned on, boom!

04:34And this is how we see if the blade will stay inside its compartment or not.

04:38If it comes off, the team goes back to its plans.

04:41It knows that it must review its entire design before making a new test.

04:45Even a blade is so small that a finger can cause huge problems to the engine

04:49and, consequently, to the entire aircraft.

04:52Speaking of blades, have you noticed these little white spirals that we can see here,

04:57in the center of the engine?

04:59They are rather cool, but they also have a function.

05:02They are primarily used to ensure the safety of the crew on the ground.

05:06Crew members generally cannot hear them when the engine is running,

05:11because they wear hearing protection most of the time.

05:15Thanks to these spirals, they can know when the engines are running

05:19and stay at a safe distance.

05:21Another reason why they are so important,

05:24although this has not yet been proven,

05:27is that they frighten the birds

05:29and prevent them from getting too close to the plane's engines.

05:32So you are in the air, relaxing with a good book,

05:36and you feel rather calm.

05:38You don't like to take the plane, especially because of...

05:41There you go, the on-board commander tells you that you are going to go through some turbulence

05:45because the plane is going through a storm.

05:48He says there is nothing to be afraid of.

05:50It's normal.

05:51Even if the risks of lightning striking your plane are very high at this altitude.

05:56On average, a airline receives a lightning strike about once a year,

06:00and it can be very difficult to manage.

06:02In the past, some planes, having done the experiment,

06:05even had to perform an emergency landing.

06:08Engineers therefore had to create a test system

06:11to ensure that lightning would not stop the engines.

06:14They now use lighter materials, such as carbon fiber.

06:18As these materials do not conduct electricity well,

06:21they are used both in the engines and in the structure of the plane.

06:24Manufacturers also add a layer of aluminum foil or metal mesh,

06:28which further reinforces the protection of the aircraft against this type of accident.

06:32Thus, when the on-board commander asks you not to worry,

06:36he does not seek to reassure you while knowing that there is danger.

06:40Thanks to the materials used,

06:42it is very likely that you did not even feel the lightning strike your plane.

06:46A finished plane is tested in three stages.

06:49During the first, the system is checked without turning the engines.

06:54During the second, the engines turn on a special support.

06:58The ultimate step, and in a way the most important,

07:02during which we check that everything works correctly,

07:05is the flight test.

07:07Various tests are carried out on all this equipment.

07:11Once the plane is in the air,

07:13the engine must prove that it can produce a thrust.

07:16Do you remember the blades we mentioned?

07:19It takes about two years to build an engine and prepare it for these tests.

07:23One might think that then the process takes place quickly.

07:26But in reality, it can last up to five years for a single model.

07:30When the builders launch a new aircraft,

07:33they use the first engine built only for the tests.

07:37This means that it is a final prototype,

07:40but that it will never be used in commercial aviation.

07:43There are many other tests, of course,

07:45such as wing flexion tests, for example.

07:48The wings flex in the event of turbulence,

07:51which allows us not to feel anything or almost during storms.

07:55Wing flexion is tested at almost 150% of the maximum flexion

07:59that a plane undergoes during a normal flight.

08:02Then there is the acceleration test.

08:05The different parts of the plane are subjected to constraints

08:08and very high pressures throughout the flight.

08:11Imagine that you rush onto the runway to take off

08:14and that you suddenly have to stop the flight and stop the plane.

08:18Acceleration tests involve applying significant forces

08:21to all internal elements and to the entire external structure of the aircraft

08:26to ensure that it resists all these constraints.

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