MEDI1TV Afrique : MEDI1 SOIR 20:00 - 29/01/2025
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00:00Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Medea TV.
00:20Thank you for joining us for a new newscast.
00:22Here are the headlines.
00:25Belgium considers the Moroccan Autonomy Initiative
00:28as a serious and credible effort.
00:30Brussels also saluted the Royal Initiative
00:32to facilitate the access of the Sahel countries
00:35to the Atlantic Ocean.
00:40Félix Tshisekedi has officially declined
00:42the invitation to a meeting with Paul Kagame.
00:45The Congolese president, who has not spoken
00:47since the beginning of the crisis,
00:49will break the silence this Wednesday
00:51by addressing the nation.
00:54The success of the DeepSeek R1 model
00:57has shocked the world.
00:59The Chinese startup claims to have spent
01:01only 5 million dollars to develop its model
01:04at the equivalent capacity of American leaders.
01:12Belgium considers the Moroccan Autonomy Initiative
01:15presented in 2007 as a serious and credible effort
01:18of Morocco and as a very good basis
01:20for a solution accepted by the parties,
01:22as expressed by the Belgian Foreign Minister,
01:24Bernard Quintin, at a press conference
01:26following his meeting with his Moroccan counterpart,
01:29Nasser Bouretta, this Wednesday.
01:31Belgium saluted the Royal Initiative
01:33to facilitate the access of the Sahel countries
01:35to the Atlantic Ocean.
01:37Morocco and Belgium also reaffirm their will
01:40to pursue and strengthen the momentum
01:42of their partnership in all areas.
01:48The 7th National Investment Commission
01:51approved 20 projects for a total amount
01:54of 17.3 billion dirhams.
01:56Projects to create 27,000 jobs.
01:59The approved agreements concern 14 provinces
02:02and 7 prefectures of the 7 regions of Morocco.
02:06They also concern 7 sectors of activity,
02:09including tourism, renewable energies,
02:12agri-food, automobiles, packaging industry,
02:15lighting industry and outsourcing.
02:17I invite you to listen to Karim Zidan,
02:19CEO of the Commission for Investment,
02:21Convergence and Evaluation of Public Policies.
02:30These projects fall into two categories.
02:33The first benefits from the basic support system
02:36worth 4.3 billion dirhams for some 5,500 jobs,
02:41while the second benefits from the strategic support system
02:46worth 13 billion dirhams to create 21,500 jobs
02:51covering 14 provinces and prefectures in this region.
02:56These investments will concern several sectors
03:00such as industry, tourism or energy transformation.
03:04This exponential investment dynamic
03:07shows how attractive Morocco is.
03:10Morocco continues to make intense efforts
03:14to attract investors and promote the business climate
03:18in a spirit of consolidation of its influence in the field.
03:28How to finance affordable and sustainable housing in Morocco?
03:32This question was at the heart of a conference held in Rabat
03:35in the presence of several stakeholders
03:37and representatives of the Arab Monetary Fund.
03:39I invite you to listen to Adib Benbrahim,
03:42Secretary of State for Housing in Morocco,
03:44to speak to the Minister of Housing in Morocco.
03:48Concerning the financing of affordable housing,
03:53either for acquisition or rental housing,
03:57we were able to show what has been done in Morocco
04:00in relation to a new encouragement in relation to housing,
04:06in particular the direct aid that is now attributed to the buyer
04:10and no longer the aid that was given directly to the promoter.
04:14We have also tried to launch the construction site
04:16concerning rental housing.
04:18We have spoken with the buildings to be able to encourage
04:21rental housing by investors and by tenants
04:26to be able to ensure mobility between cities
04:30through rental housing and through an acquisition
04:33after the rental period.
04:35So we have launched a lot of challenges,
04:37a lot of questions.
04:39We have also spoken about a rental housing fund
04:41that could actually help and encourage people
04:43who would like to rent first and not buy.
04:47Through contributions, probably,
04:50this is the stage of reflection,
04:52to be able to contribute to a rental housing fund
04:54that could later allow them to have a fund
04:56to be able to invest and buy a house
05:00or, beyond a given period,
05:04perhaps to have a rent to be able to pay the rent
05:07beyond 60 years.
05:09Morocco is accelerating its energy transition
05:11by already reaching 45% of its electric mix.
05:15The initial target of 52%, set for 2030,
05:19will be exceeded long before.
05:21The Kingdom is thus positioned in the top 10
05:24of leading African countries in terms of renewable energy.
05:27Here are the details with Dina Mreni.
05:31Morocco continues to take decisive steps
05:34in its energy strategy.
05:36Thanks to its natural assets in terms of energy,
05:38Morocco is positioned among the top 10 African countries
05:42that are investing in important renewable energy projects.
05:45Concerning the agricultural sector,
05:47a preliminary program has just been launched
05:50by the Ministry of Tutelage.
05:52It aims to support the transition to solar energy
05:55for the pumping of irrigation water
05:57on an area of 51,000 hectares.
06:02The use of solar energy for agricultural irrigation
06:06has allowed farmers to spend less water.
06:08This has made our lives easier.
06:15Due to the lack of rain,
06:17the irrigation of the fields becomes almost impossible.
06:19As a farmer, the use of solar energy
06:21has solved this problem.
06:26According to the Ministry of Agriculture,
06:28the Agricultural Development Fund
06:30will provide financial support
06:32for the installation of solar panels and pumps.
06:34This support also includes financial support
06:37up to 30% of the cost of purchasing equipment
06:41with a ceiling of 30,000 dirhams per project.
06:48The goal behind the use of renewable energy
06:51for pumping water and irrigation
06:53is to reduce costs
06:55while improving the income of small and large-scale farmers.
06:58The use of natural resources such as solar energy
07:01as an alternative
07:03allows for considerable results in terms of crops.
07:09Morocco is not satisfied with solar energy.
07:12It is also focusing on green hydrogen
07:14to diversify its energy mix
07:16and reduce its carbon footprint.
07:18Investments in the energy transition sector
07:21could increase up to 15 billion dirhams per year
07:24by 2027.
07:29The Lebanese Ministry of Health
07:31has reported 24 injured
07:33in two Israeli strikes
07:35targeting southern Lebanon.
07:37Despite the ceasefire,
07:39the Israeli army was supposed to leave Lebanon this Sunday.
07:43Only the Lebanese army and the Blue Helmets
07:45must now be deployed there,
07:47but this delay has been extended until February 18.
07:50The United States has announced
07:52that it is part of the Trevish Surveillance Committee.
07:58Hamas sources say
08:00that the entry of humanitarian aid to Gaza
08:03is delayed by Israel.
08:05An infraction that could have an impact
08:07on the release of hostages
08:09in the Trevish agreement.
08:11The Palestinian movement would have asked
08:13for the intervention of mediators.
08:15Israel has announced that eight hostages,
08:17three Israelis and five Thai
08:19will be released on Thursday
08:21and three others on Saturday
08:23as part of the Trevish agreement.
08:27Benjamin Netanyahu received
08:29this Wednesday afternoon
08:31the US special envoy in the Middle East.
08:33Washington is multiplying
08:35signs of support for its Israeli ally.
08:37The Israeli Prime Minister
08:39is currently meeting in his office.
08:41Steve Witkoff said in a statement
08:43that the US president is considered
08:45to have contributed to the ceasefire agreement
08:47with Israel.
08:53Abdel Fattah el-Sisi rejected
08:55this Wednesday the idea of Donald Trump
08:57of a Palestinian movement
08:59from the Gaza Strip to Egypt and Jordan.
09:01The Egyptian president said
09:03that he would not participate
09:05in such an injustice.
09:07There can never be a compromise
09:09on the fundamental principles
09:11of the historical position of Egypt
09:13on the Palestinian cause,
09:15namely the establishment
09:17of a Palestinian state
09:19and the preservation of its essential components,
09:21in particular its people
09:23and its territory.
09:29The new Syrian leader
09:31arrived in power on December 8
09:33and was appointed president for the transition.
09:35This Wednesday night,
09:37the new authorities announced
09:39in a statement that
09:41Ahmed Esharie was in charge
09:43of the Interim Legislative Council
09:45after announcing the dissolution
09:47of the Parliament and the freezing
09:49of the Constitution of 2012.
09:53The United States orders the departure
09:55of their non-essential employees
09:57of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
09:59In RDC, many demonstrations
10:01target Western embassies
10:03to protest against violence
10:05in the east of the country.
10:07The State Department confirmed
10:09that demonstrations had broken out
10:11in several international embassies.
10:13The new US Secretary of State
10:15met this Tuesday with the Rwandan president
10:17and called for an immediate ceasefire
10:19in the region and that all parties
10:21respect the territorial integrity of the RDC.
10:27The president of the RDC
10:29will not participate in a meeting
10:31with his Rwandan counterpart,
10:33Kenya, which currently leads the organization,
10:35to convene this Wednesday
10:37an extraordinary summit
10:39in the presence of the two presidents.
10:41The armed group of the M23,
10:43supported by Rwanda,
10:45controls almost all of the city of Koma.
10:47Félix Tshisekedi
10:49officially declined this meeting
10:51for reasons of agenda.
10:53According to the Congolese press agency,
10:55the president, who has not spoken
10:57since the beginning of the crisis,
10:59will break the silence during the day
11:01by addressing the nation.
11:03And still in RDC,
11:05where the situation remains tense,
11:07some exchanges of fire were heard
11:09today at the military camp of Katindo
11:11in Goma, while condemnations
11:13are multiplying against Rwanda.
11:15Support of the M23,
11:17diplomacy remains for the time being powerless.
11:19The UN Security Council met
11:21for the second time yesterday
11:23to look at this crisis.
11:25China has claimed the withdrawal
11:27of Rwandan troops.
11:31The M23 seeks to control
11:33the city of Goma.
11:35Goma is the epicenter
11:37of the conflict of the M23.
11:39It is the capital
11:41of the north of Okivu.
11:43It is a frontier strategic city
11:45of Rwanda.
11:47Since 2022,
11:49the M23, supported by
11:51the UN,
11:53has regained control
11:55of key territories
11:57such as Rotorua,
11:59threatening to encircle the city.
12:01In February 2021,
12:03there were bombings
12:05that hit camps
12:07near Goma,
12:09killing hundreds of people.
12:11In fact,
12:13the situation today
12:15is a bit
12:17strategic
12:19because
12:21the RDC
12:23has 70%
12:25of the world's coal
12:27reserve.
12:29Most of these reserves
12:31are located
12:33in the north-south region
12:35of Okivu.
12:37Goma is the epicenter
12:39of the conflict.
12:41It is a strategic location.
12:43You will have
12:45control
12:47of several strategic axes.
12:49In fact,
12:51the north-south region
12:53of Okivu
12:55is very rich.
12:57There are also
12:59many countries
13:01facing each other.
13:03Rwanda,
13:05Burundi,
13:07and even Uganda.
13:09Mali,
13:11Niger, and Burkina Faso
13:13officially left
13:15on January 29.
13:17Thousands of people
13:19gathered in the Nigerian capital.
13:21Jean-Gibril William tells us more.
13:23On May 29,
13:252024,
13:27the Nigerian,
13:29Mali, and Burkina Faso
13:31heads of state
13:33announced the withdrawal
13:35of their respective countries
13:37from the economic community
13:39of the West African states.
13:41A year later,
13:43the divorce is now official
13:45and has been celebrated
13:47by thousands of people
13:49since the first hours
13:51on Tuesday
13:53in Niamé.
13:55It is a feeling of freedom
13:57and pride that drives me this morning.
13:59We are going to make
14:01our own decisions.
14:03We are going to do everything ourselves.
14:05So really,
14:07we are out of slavery.
14:09We are very proud of that.
14:11If it took a year
14:13to see this withdrawal fulfilled
14:15in accordance with the text of the regional institute,
14:17for the Nigerian military authorities,
14:19the decision to leave the CDAO
14:21will never have suffered from any question.
14:23We are out of the CDAO
14:25and this decision is irreversible.
14:27A year ago,
14:29our countries decided
14:31to leave this regional organization
14:33that did not hesitate to impose
14:35inhuman sanctions on our populations.
14:37With the Alliance of the States of Sahel,
14:39we are going to create the conditions
14:41for our people to be protected
14:43and to flourish.
14:45Exit the CDAO.
14:47For all this,
14:49the time has come for a new departure
14:51towards the Alliance of the States of Sahel
14:53that Niger shares with Burkina Faso
14:55and Mali.
14:57And for the actors of the civil society
14:59gathered in Niamey on Tuesday,
15:01new deadlines are already announced.
15:03It is the Europeans who have come
15:05to draw subjective,
15:07obsolete borders.
15:09We are breaking these borders.
15:11We are unifying the same people of Sahel.
15:13But all this must necessarily
15:15go through money
15:17and then through industrialization.
15:19We are creating a currency
15:21that will allow us to establish
15:23a stable economic development.
15:25Like Mali and Burkina Faso,
15:27the exit of Niger should be
15:29officialized by the CDAO on January 29,
15:31after a delay of one year
15:33planned by the regulation of the regional body.
15:35The three countries
15:37had ignored a call to extend
15:39six additional months to discuss
15:41with the West African community.
15:43Faced with the $500 billion
15:45of the I.A.C.E. Target project
15:47announced last week
15:49by US President Donald Trump,
15:51the success of the DeepSeek R1 model
15:53shocks the planet.
15:55The Chinese startup claims to have spent
15:57only $5.6 million
15:59to develop its model
16:01at capacities equivalent
16:03to those of American leaders in the sector
16:05like OpenAI, a ridiculous amount
16:07compared to the billions invested
16:09by the groups of the American West Coast.
16:11Two weeks after a world summit
16:13organized on its ground,
16:15the European leaders of the sector
16:17with nuggets like Mistral AI
16:19created less than two years ago
16:21and already valued at nearly 6 billion euros.
16:29And to come back to the I.A.C.E.
16:31open source launched by the Chinese startup
16:33DeepSeek, we immediately find
16:35Mohsen Khedisi,
16:37artificial intelligence consultant
16:39from Casablanca. Good evening.
16:46First of all,
16:48can you explain to our viewers
16:50what DeepSeek is,
16:52what are its specificities
16:54and how can you explain
16:56this concept of open source?
16:59DeepSeek is a model
17:01called a language model,
17:03a large language model.
17:05It is a model similar
17:07to what giants like
17:09OpenAI, Microsoft,
17:11Cloud, Amazon and others
17:13have. Its specificity,
17:15of course, already allows
17:17to answer a lot of questions,
17:19it allows to generate text,
17:21it allows, since yesterday,
17:23to also generate images,
17:25but it also allows to reason.
17:27And above all, the model that really
17:29shocked is DeepSeek R1.
17:31So what is it? It is a model of reasoning.
17:33In fact, it will be able to solve
17:35problems, solve
17:37mathematical problems,
17:39optimization problems.
17:41In fact, really have
17:43a similar intelligence to what
17:45a researcher or a doctor in a given field has.
17:47And this model,
17:49its particularity is that it has been trained
17:51with a cost that is much
17:53lower, we are talking about
17:551 out of
17:576 out of 100, 6%,
17:59the equivalent of
18:01the training cost of Chargipiti, for example.
18:03And that simply means that
18:05we have a much more optimal model,
18:07it does not consume a lot
18:09of energy, and at the same time, it gives
18:11the same performance or performances
18:13almost similar to what
18:15the models of the American tech giants give.
18:17And the particularity, indeed, is that
18:19it is open source, that is to say, in addition
18:21to being free, at least
18:23for the general public, since today it is
18:25the app, the app downloaded on
18:27App Store in the United States,
18:29which sells even Chargipiti,
18:31in addition to being free for the general public,
18:33it is open source, that is to say, for developers,
18:35for companies, for researchers,
18:37for innovators, for startupers,
18:39they can use the model to develop
18:41their own solutions. And that is really
18:43something that completely changes the game,
18:45even if there were open source models,
18:47like Mistral, which I mentioned in the report,
18:49and also Facebook's AmaTroi,
18:51but here we have a powerful model,
18:53performing, optimal
18:55and open source.
18:57So, does the Chinese
18:59artificial intelligence seem
19:01to face American technology?
19:03So, how far can this race go?
19:07So, in any case,
19:09well, seen from
19:11our horizon and our perspective,
19:13this race is
19:15at the beginning, because finally
19:17it allows us to have choices, it allows us
19:19to have alternatives, it allows us to reduce
19:21prices as we go along.
19:23So, how far can it go?
19:25Today, in any case, what we will notice
19:27very certainly, is that most of the giants
19:29in this field will have to lower prices,
19:31will have to accelerate development,
19:33besides, Chargipiti, they announced
19:35also Operator,
19:37and this is a response, among others, to DeepSeek V3,
19:39and this simply means that there will be
19:41even more acceleration. We saw
19:43the Stargate project, which was announced
19:45by President Trump, and we clearly see
19:47that there are major investments today.
19:49But, what is important,
19:51and what is to be kept in mind, is that
19:53we can make frugal innovation,
19:55and this is what DeepSeek has proven.
19:57Besides, there were artificial intelligences
19:59from other Chinese giants, like Alibaba,
20:01like Baidu, but in the end,
20:03it is a small intervenor,
20:05a new venture,
20:07which made this model,
20:09which proves that,
20:11even in our countries,
20:13and even in relation to Stargate,
20:15we do not necessarily have a huge amount of funding
20:17compared to what is found in the United States
20:19and other countries. We can innovate,
20:21we can create, we can bring value.
20:23So, how do you justify
20:25this price difference
20:27between DeepSeek
20:29and OpenAE, for example?
20:33So, it is very simple.
20:35Two major elements.
20:37The cost of training,
20:39which is the model for it to work,
20:41you have to train it.
20:43To train it, it is generally very expensive.
20:45It is very expensive in GPU,
20:47so in computing power, it is very expensive
20:49also in terms of data.
20:51So, today, DeepSeek has been trained
20:53with costs that are 1 out of 20
20:55lower than the training cost of ChatGPT,
20:57and even in terms of cost of use,
20:59the cost of use is lower.
21:01So, what justifies
21:03the fact that it is...
21:05So, why, of course, this evolution?
21:07Because they have improved
21:09the algorithms,
21:11and they have, by the way,
21:13that is quite interesting,
21:15DeepSeek has been trained on the results of ChatGPT.
21:17And that is very, very interesting.
21:19And in fact, what they propose,
21:21and that is also interesting for developers,
21:23for startups, is that they propose
21:25a logic, what is called distillation.
21:27That simply means that you can train
21:29models that are much less large
21:31and much less important,
21:33so that there is an interesting performance.
21:35And that means that tomorrow, very soon,
21:37we will be able to have
21:39the same power of the artificial intelligence,
21:41but embedded on phones,
21:43embedded on devices,
21:45embedded on a simple PC,
21:47embedded on a tablet, or on any device.
21:49And that is really something
21:51that will change the rate of artificial intelligence,
21:53because until now, we always thought
21:55that artificial intelligence required
21:57a lot of investment,
21:59required a lot of computing power.
22:01Today, we can make
22:03artificial intelligence work
22:05with machines that are
22:07less greedy, less important,
22:09and on less complex
22:11and less efficient infrastructures.
22:13So, can AI
22:15be used
22:17for political purposes?
22:19In what context can it be a very powerful
22:21geopolitical tool?
22:23So, it is already used
22:25for political purposes,
22:27because, for example, in 2016, with the election of Trump,
22:29there was a scandal called Cambridge Analytica,
22:31but it can also be used
22:33to have information that is biased,
22:35that can even be manipulative.
22:37Today, the algorithms of social networks
22:39are algorithms that can
22:41actually create trends,
22:43manipulate public opinion,
22:45and possibly guide elections.
22:47You should know, for example, that today,
22:49on parts related
22:51to Chinese internal politics,
22:53you will have answers
22:55that are completely biased,
22:57or sometimes non-answers,
22:59compared to other models, and vice versa.
23:01And so, it simply means,
23:03and I think this is a bit of good news
23:05compared to the fact that it is open source,
23:07today, we can circumvent all this
23:09by developing our models
23:11of sovereign artificial intelligence,
23:13which allows us to have things
23:15that are consistent with
23:17our visions.
23:19So, AI, of course,
23:21can be used to manipulate.
23:23Today, there are deepfakes,
23:25I don't know...
23:27Can you explain a little more
23:29how, precisely?
23:31So, how?
23:33It depends on training data.
23:35Today, when we train a model like this,
23:37we train on data.
23:39So, the United States will train, for example,
23:41I will say anything, on the political side,
23:43on all the articles that are written
23:45by the Washington Post,
23:47by the Newsweek, the New York Times,
23:49it will contain a bias
23:51in relation to American politics.
23:53A Chinese model will be much more trained
23:55on sources of Chinese information
23:57and, as a result, it will carry
23:59in good part the orientations
24:01of Chinese foreign policy.
24:03So, these models
24:05are trained on data.
24:07If the data is biased
24:09or in a logic of manipulation,
24:11AI can also be used to manipulate.
24:13That's why today there is an ethical issue,
24:15a responsibility issue,
24:17and a governance issue
24:19of AI
24:21at the international level.
24:23Well, here I am.
24:25Thank you for all these answers.
24:27I remind you that you are a consultant
24:29in AI and that you have been with us
24:31since Casablanca.
24:33Thank you very much.
24:37Dear viewers,
24:39this is the end of this news.
24:41Thank you for following it,
24:43but stay with us.
24:45See you next time.