En 1984, l'astronaute Bruce McCandless a marqué l'histoire en flottant à 100 mètres de la navette spatiale, complètement détaché. Pouvez-vous imaginer cela ? Juste lui, le vide infini de l'espace, et un réacteur dorsal qui le maintient en vie. Il testait l'Unité de Manœuvre Humaine (MMU), une sorte de réacteur dorsal d'âge spatial qui lui permettait de dériver librement en apesanteur sans une ligne de sécurité. Le voir seul dans l'immensité noire était à la fois impressionnant et angoissant—comme un saut de confiance ultime avec la technologie. C'est l'un de ces moments qui capture parfaitement l'esprit audacieux de l'exploration spatiale ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
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FunTranscript
00:00Usually, when we look at photos of astronauts in space, we can see that they are somehow attached to their spacecraft.
00:08But there was a brave astronaut who took a big step into the unknown, without any security cable to connect him to his shuttle.
00:16This brave man was called Bruce McCandless, and he made this feat in 1984.
00:22How did he come back, you ask?
00:25He made this turn of force using a back-to-nasal reactor, a NASA manual maneuvering unit.
00:32He first performed test maneuvers in the Challenger suit.
00:37It was only after making sure that everything was working well that McCandless decided to take off and go for a walk a hundred meters from the shuttle.
00:47Some sad statistics.
00:49Of the 430 people who made the jump into space, 18 unfortunately lost their lives, which gives us a mortality rate of just over 4%.
01:00Given these figures, we can say that space shuttles are very unsafe means of transport, it's obvious.
01:06But let's clarify things a bit.
01:08If we calculate these figures better, we can get a lower percentage.
01:12How?
01:13Well, 4% is a bit misleading, because with this calculation, we take into account all space flights.
01:20However, some people have made several flights, which reduces the probability.
01:25With more than 600 seats occupied during 113 flights, the real mortality rate of missions is actually closer to 2%.
01:34Now let's test your general knowledge, shall we?
01:38What was the first living being sent into space?
01:41Did you answer a monkey?
01:43You're wrong.
01:44For those who answered a dog, sorry, that's not correct either.
01:48On July 9, 1946, drosophiles were the first living beings to go into space during a suborbital flight aboard a V2 rocket.
01:58On February 20, 1947, these little animals came back safe and sound from their journey, thus opening the way for human exploration of space.
02:08Before sending mammals on missions, like the Rhesus Albert II monkey in 1959, or the famous space dogs,
02:16scientists spent a lot of time studying fruit flies to see how they reacted to radiation and travel conditions.
02:24Researchers had started using drosophiles for their experiments as early as the 1910s.
02:30Do you know why?
02:31Because humans share a large number of genes with these little animals.
02:36Imagine that you were listening to scary music as you dived into the darkness and there was no one to help you.
02:44Now imagine how much the astronauts who heard this disturbing music in their spacecraft could have been upset.
02:52A few months before landing on the moon, the astronauts of the Apollo 10 mission were in orbit around our satellite,
03:00testing their equipment when they heard strange noises.
03:04Eugene Cernan, jokingly, noticed that these noises were sinister and that they sounded like strange music.
03:11At that moment, the astronauts had no contact with the control center.
03:16They were near the hidden side of the moon.
03:18These noises sounded like the soundtrack of a science fiction movie.
03:23But NASA decided not to pay much attention to it, wanting to protect the astronauts' mental health.
03:28Despite years of speculation,
03:32theories ranging from radio interference to the activity of charged particles,
03:36the source of the noises remains unknown.
03:38Cernan noticed later that no one on board had taken these noises seriously and that they had not reported them after the mission.
03:48There is a good chance that we have already received messages from new friends from other galaxies,
03:53but that we have not managed to understand them.
03:56In August 1997, astronomers using the Big Ear radio telescope from the University of Ohio
04:03captured a strange radio signal from the Sagittarius constellation, which lasted 72 seconds.
04:12This signal was at a frequency of 1420 MHz,
04:16which is significant because it corresponds to the natural emissions of hydrogen.
04:21This frequency had been reported by scientists nearly 20 years earlier
04:25as a probable choice for extraterrestrial civilizations that would try to contact us.
04:30They called it the WOW signal.
04:34After one of the astronomers was thus exclaimed in writing on his report.
04:39We have never heard this signal again,
04:41and no one has been able to explain its origin in a satisfactory way.
04:48After spending about a month in space,
04:51astronauts begin to lose a lot of skin under their feet,
04:54especially the calluses they have accumulated over time.
04:58An astronaut even called the mission control center a little panicked
05:03when he noticed that a piece of his heel was literally coming off.
05:07But no worries.
05:09As the old calluses disappear,
05:12new ones appear quite quickly on the top of the feet.
05:15This allows astronauts to hang on to the supports,
05:18a bit like space trapeze artists.
05:23Seeing blood in these urines is scary.
05:25In weightlessness, the blood does not go down to the bottom of the body in the same way as on Earth.
05:30This can lead to a little scary situations in spaceships.
05:36Natural impulses are universal,
05:39wherever we are.
05:41There are two main reasons
05:43why astronauts cannot use traditional toilets in space.
05:48First of all, water is an extremely precious resource on board a space vehicle.
05:53Secondly, there is no gravitational flow of water in space.
05:58Drinking water on board a space station is contained in pockets,
06:02and we deflate differently than on Earth.
06:04In weightlessness, a special device,
06:07with suction cups and disposable bags,
06:09is used to collect waste.
06:11The storage is evacuated every ten days.
06:14In addition, spaceships are equipped with complex systems
06:17designed to recycle and filter liquid waste,
06:19and convert it into usable water,
06:21for the daily needs of astronauts.
06:27As if all this was not enough,
06:29spending a long period floating in space poses another problem.
06:34The body can lose its tight belts,
06:36these little cushions that are found between the joints of the hip.
06:40If this does not pose immediate problems in an environment without gravity,
06:44returning to Earth can turn the simple fact of sitting,
06:48whether on a chair or on toilets,
06:50into a real torture.
06:55The fluid movements that contribute to blood problems do not stop there.
06:59They can also wreak havoc in the sinuses of astronauts,
07:03creating a constant feeling of congestion.
07:05It is as if we were permanently living in a suffocating room,
07:09without being able to relax.
07:10Thus, there are many challenges to face during a long-term space trip,
07:15an experience as difficult as exciting.
07:19Another challenge that astronauts are faced with
07:22is loss of vision,
07:24also known as ocular syndrome,
07:26which seems quite scientific.
07:29Although the exact cause remains a bit mysterious,
07:32it is thought that the additional pressure exerted on the brain
07:35can damage the retina and optic nerve.
07:38And here is a funny fact.
07:40This disease affects all humans.
07:42In addition, you might think that closing your eyes in space
07:45is equivalent to diving into the dark,
07:48but it is not the case.
07:49Because of the high levels of radiation,
07:52astronauts still see bright light
07:54crossing certain parts of their orbits.
07:57It is a rather strange phenomenon that affects those who live,
08:01even with their eyes closed.
08:04Let's move on to higher speed
08:06and talk about bone health in space.
08:08It turns out that weightlessness can really wreak havoc
08:11on the skeleton of astronauts.
08:13They can lose up to 2% of their bone mass every month,
08:17which is quite incredible.
08:19But the good news?
08:20Researchers have developed new exercises
08:23that help them fight bone mass loss.
08:26Thus, even if space travel is not without problems,
08:31scientists are working hard
08:33to keep our astronauts in good shape
08:36while they explore the universe.
08:39Terminal collapse is an interesting theory
08:42about how the universe could end.
08:44It is actually the opposite of the Big Bang.
08:47Imagine that the universe extends for centuries and centuries,
08:51then it slows down and begins to collapse on itself,
08:55perhaps even forming a huge black hole.
08:58Scientists study this issue
09:01by looking at the density of the universe.
09:03If it is too dense,
09:04such a collapse could actually occur.
09:07At first, we thought that gravity would eventually take over
09:11and stop the expansion due to the Big Bang.
09:14But then we discovered this mysterious thing
09:17called black energy,
09:19which actually accelerates this expansion.
09:22Thus, it seems that the terminal collapse is unlikely.
09:26At present, all data indicate that black energy is there to stay,
09:30and that the universe will therefore continue to extend indefinitely.