Les mathématiques de Fibonacci ne se limitent pas aux spirales élégantes dans la nature—elles ont récemment aidé à élucider un mystère lunaire ! Les scientifiques étaient perplexes face aux étranges motifs de crêtes à la surface de la lune qui semblaient aléatoires à première vue. Mais lorsqu'ils ont appliqué la suite de Fibonacci, la célèbre série de nombres qui se développe en spirales et ratios, tout s'est éclairé. Les crêtes suivaient un motif prévisible lié aux changements géologiques de la lune et à son refroidissement sur des milliards d'années. Ces mathématiques anciennes, découvertes dans les années 1200, se sont avérées être la clé pour résoudre une énigme spatiale moderne. C'est assez incroyable de voir comment les mêmes mathématiques qui expliquent les tournesols et les coquillages peuvent nous aider à comprendre les secrets de la lune ! Animation créée par Sympa.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
Category
😹
FunTranscript
00:00Our lunar exploration project was born in 1969.
00:04Of course, some obstacles have challenged our path,
00:07but the astronomers remain convinced that we will soon return to the Moon,
00:12better equipped in terms of knowledge and technology.
00:15However, an eight-century-old method could prove more precious
00:19than the most advanced GPS technologies or the most efficient rockets.
00:24It is designated under the name of Fibonacci Sphere.
00:27This concept, highlighted by researchers from a Hungarian university,
00:32could offer a new perspective on lunar rotation and the flattening of the Moon
00:36when it orbits around the Earth.
00:39Contrary to the popular image of perfectly spherical stars floating in space,
00:43our planet and its satellite look more like slightly deflated football balls,
00:49due to gravitational forces, their rotation and tides.
00:53The Earth's GPS systems are already adapted to these imperfect shapes,
00:57our planet being slightly flattened at the poles.
01:00In the same way, if we plan to design a map system for the Moon,
01:05we must take into account its specific configuration,
01:08known as the solenoid,
01:10the lunar equivalent of the Earth's geoid, according to scientists.
01:14Since the Moon is less compressed than our planet,
01:17researchers have long simplified their model by considering the satellite as a perfect sphere.
01:23However, with the advent of ambitious projects in the next decades
01:27and the possibility of human missions on the Moon,
01:29an increased precision is required.
01:31Scientists now insist on the importance of collecting precise data
01:36in order to produce a faithful representation of the Moon.
01:39This is where the Fibonacci Sphere comes into play.
01:42This method, used by mathematicians to uniformly distribute points on a sphere,
01:47has recently made it possible to map about 100,000 lunar zones
01:51based on data collected by NASA.
01:54The results obtained have been decisive in refining our understanding of the lunar shape.
02:00Thus, it has been established that the lunar poles
02:02were closer to the center than the equator by nearly half a kilometer.
02:06This detail, although subtle, could make a big difference.
02:10By adjusting the GPS software, consequently, before setting foot on the Moon,
02:14we could avoid many disadvantages.
02:16Such a level of calculation, unequal since the 1960s,
02:20strengthens the preparation of scientists
02:22to face the challenges of the next space missions,
02:25as they have already done so here on Earth.
02:28This is not the first time that Fibonacci discoveries
02:30have been used to design ingenious solutions.
02:34They have also found applications in fields such as finance,
02:38agriculture, and computer science.
02:41But where does all this come from?
02:43According to the legend, the Italian mathematician Fibonacci
02:46was not particularly interested in the mathematical sequence at the origin,
02:51but rather in the rabbit.
02:53This is how he imagined a fascinating riddle.
02:57He wondered what would happen if they placed a couple of rabbits
03:00in a given space for a year, while setting certain theoretical rules.
03:04First, each couple of rabbits is composed of a male and a female,
03:08and the latter cannot begin to reproduce after only one month.
03:12Every month, each couple gives birth to a new pair of rabbits.
03:15Finally, all rabbits are supposed to be immortal during this one-year period.
03:20By doing the calculations, Fibonacci obtained this series of numbers,
03:241, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, and so on.
03:29By observing this series,
03:30we notice that each number corresponds to the sum of the previous two.
03:34The first two represent the initial couple of rabbits.
03:38Then, the number 2 designates the first pair and their first offspring.
03:43This intriguing sequence quickly aroused the interest of mathematicians
03:47who began to analyze it in depth.
03:50They discovered that this pattern was frequently found in nature,
03:53whether in the arrangement of leaves on a plant
03:56or the arrangement of seeds on a sunflower.
03:59There is even a simple experiment that you can try to explore this concept.
04:03Take a piece of paper and a pen,
04:06then try to draw the Fibonacci spiral.
04:08Start with a tiny circle,
04:11then gradually widen it by following the numbers of the sequence.
04:15The first circle will correspond to a point, or to zero.
04:19The next will measure a unit, followed by another circle of the same size.
04:24Continue like this, and you will see a harmonious spiral appear
04:27that retains its shape, regardless of its enlargement.
04:31You may have already crossed the Fibonacci spiral used as a symbol of hypnosis.
04:36Although the scientific evidence on this subject is limited,
04:40its effects on concentration and optic nerves are undeniable.
04:44After fixing a rotating spiral,
04:47you could see that the objects seem to shrink or enlarge
04:51depending on the direction of the movement.
04:53This sensory experience explains why some people describe it as hypnotizing.
04:59This fascinating series of numbers finds its place in our daily life,
05:03sometimes without us being aware of it.
05:05It can also have practical uses, like the conversion of miles into kilometers.
05:10Let's take this series.
05:12Choose two consecutive numbers, for example 13 and 21.
05:16If you perform the calculations,
05:18you will see that 13 miles corresponds to about 21 kilometers.
05:22The same principle applies to 34 and 55.
05:26Music and mathematics seem, at first glance, to belong to different worlds.
05:31However, Mozart would probably have disputed this idea.
05:35This musical genius would have nourished, from the beginning of his career,
05:38a passion for numbers.
05:40He liked to unleash intriguing digital motifs in his compositions,
05:43as if he were concealing secret messages.
05:46His sister even remembered him
05:48scribbling calculations on the margins of his scores.
05:51Some researchers say that he experimented with the numbers of Fibonacci,
05:55potentially using their ratios to harmonize his works.
05:59And in other forms of art?
06:01It is said that Leonardo da Vinci integrated the number of gold
06:04into his emblematic creations,
06:05such as the Man of Vitruvius and the famous Joconde.
06:09This same motif is found, moreover,
06:11in architectural marvels such as the Parthenon,
06:14whose judiciously spaced columns testify to this influence.
06:18The Great Pyramid of Giza would be another striking example.
06:21Although no official evidence confirms this link,
06:24its structure is so close to the number of gold that it can only intrigue.
06:28This motif also manifests itself in the nature around us.
06:32Walk in a garden and observe pineapples.
06:35Their scales are organized according to a scheme similar to the Fibonacci spiral.
06:40Even the development of human bones follows these proportions.
06:42Our body illustrates this harmony.
06:44A torso, a head, a heart.
06:47Some bodily characteristics also recall this model.
06:51The elements in pairs, such as our arms, legs, eyes and ears,
06:55follow this logic.
06:56And for the number 3,
06:58think of the structure of our hands, divided into three sections.
07:01The wrist, the palm and the fingers,
07:04themselves segmented into three.
07:06Moreover, the length of the bones of our fingers also respects this ratio.
07:10This design facilitates their movement,
07:12especially when it comes to grasping objects.
07:15The rest of Fibonacci is found in the curvature of oceanic waves
07:19and the way in which rivers divide and flow.
07:22Meteorological phenomena are no exception.
07:25Some whirlwinds and hurricanes adopt a formation and a propagation
07:28that recall the Fibonacci spiral.
07:31By broadening our perspective,
07:33we discover that these spirals are not limited to Earth.
07:36They are omnipresent in the universe and this is not a coincidence.
07:40The majority of galaxies, including our Milky Way,
07:43take the form of a spiral.
07:45Here is why.
07:46In a young galaxy,
07:48stars generally do not appear all at once.
07:51Some form faster,
07:53while others take longer.
07:55This variation influences gravity,
07:58which acts differently depending on the zones
08:00and rotates the young galaxy like a disc.
08:02This movement, combined with differences in gravity,
08:05stretches the galaxy to create its spiral arms.
08:08Conversely, if all the stars appear at once,
08:11gravity tends to crush the galaxy,
08:14giving it an ovoid shape,
08:16a type of galaxy that astronomers call elliptic.