英雄たちの選択2024年12月16日
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#EnglishMovie #cdrama #drama #engsub #chinesedramaengsub #movieshortfull
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TVTranscript
00:00:007 o'clock
00:00:10Mina sama go zombie Takarazuka Kageki
00:00:14Kono nippon o daijou suru entertainment o hatsun shita jinbutsu ga noto shita kotoba ga
00:00:19aru
00:00:25Hyatpo saki no mieru mono wa kyojin atsukai sare
00:00:29Gojippo saki no mieru mono wa oku wa giseisha to naru
00:00:33Ippo saki no mieru mono ga seikousha de
00:00:36Genzai o mieru mono wa rakugosha de aru
00:00:42Sono jinbutsu no na wa kobayashi ichizo
00:00:45Meiji kara showa ni kakete samazama na jigyou o tegaketa densetsu no keieisha da
00:00:55Toshi to kougai o musubu tetsudo ensen ni nihon saisho no sarariman muke juutakuchi o kaihatsu
00:01:05Taminaru ni wa kore mo nihon hatsu. Eki ni chokketsu shita depaato o tsukuru
00:01:12Kougai ni sun de tokai ni tsukin shi, kyuujitsu wa ensen no kourakuchi ni yuki, kazoku de tanoshimu
00:01:22Gendai ni made tsuzuku laifu stailu o hyakunen mae ni omoitsuita no de aru
00:01:33Shikashi, showa juu nendai, sensou no ashioto ga chikazuku naka
00:01:38Gunbu ya kakushin kanryo tachi ni yotte keizai tousei ga oshisusumerare, jiyuu na keiei o ubawarete shimau
00:01:49Soshite, sentaku o semarareru
00:01:55Studio ni wa kakkai no ronkyaku ga shuuketsu. Kobayashi ichizo o katariau
00:02:01Mazu, dai ichijo, ningen wa jiyuu de aru beki da, tte iu desu ne. Kore ga mou kare ni totte no saikou no ruru desu ne
00:02:09Ningen yume no AI de wa nashienai, yuumou asa mitai na tokoro ga ikani jigyou toka business ni oite hitsuyo na no ka
00:02:16Sugoi ii hito ga ita, kakkoi hito ga ita da na de wa naku, ashita jibun ga ichizo ni narou, tte omotte hoshii desu yo
00:02:24Sensou ni mukau jidai no naka de, ichizo o ga kudashita ketsudan to wa
00:02:30Hyakunen saki o misueta jidai no keieisha, sono jitsuzou ni semaru
00:03:00Good evening, everyone.
00:03:09Good evening.
00:03:10At the turning point in history, the choice was made by the heroes.
00:03:14At that time, what did they think, what did they worry about, and what choice did they make?
00:03:19And what would you do?
00:03:21Here is today's protagonist, Kobayashi Ichizo.
00:03:26He is an economist who has been involved in various businesses since the Meiji era to the Showa era.
00:03:31Kobayashi Ichizo is interesting.
00:03:34He has a lot of stories and a lot of famous sayings.
00:03:39From the beginning of the Showa era to the beginning of the Showa era, when there was a big change in the living standards of the first level in 100 years,
00:03:48everyone was able to use the remote residential area, the theater troupe, and the department store,
00:03:53providing new technology in a way that no one would be unhappy with, and commercializing it.
00:03:57I think it was an infrastructure that fit the new lifestyle of people who had nothing to do with the government at all.
00:04:03He provided it in the form of a business.
00:04:07I think that his creativity and flexibility are the characteristics of a Japanese economist.
00:04:19Let's take a look at how Kobayashi Ichizo became a business man.
00:04:24Let's take a look at how Kobayashi Ichizo became a business man.
00:04:29Hankyu Densha.
00:04:31It is a representative facility in Kansai that connects cities such as Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, and Takarazuka and accommodates about 600 million people a year.
00:04:44But I want you to take a look at this.
00:04:47What was written largely in a newspaper ad about 100 years ago was the word GARAAKI.
00:04:57In 1920, the Kobe Line opened.
00:05:01At that time, Ichizo-san wrote an ad in a newspaper.
00:05:06A new Kobe-bound express train.
00:05:09It's beautiful, fast, and GARAAKI.
00:05:12It's a long, nice, cool train.
00:05:15Ichizo-san wrote the catchphrase.
00:05:18Why did he write GARAAKI?
00:05:23Kobayashi Ichizo, 34 years old in 1940, became the founder of a small railway company in Osaka.
00:05:32He left the large bank where he had worked for 14 years and decided to take on a new business.
00:05:40Minoo Arima Electric Mobile Co., Ltd.
00:05:47It is a railway company that aims to open a line from Umeda, Osaka to Minoo, Arima Onsen, Takarazuka, and a line from Takarazuka to Nishinomiya.
00:06:01The construction had not yet begun, but Ichizo-san was looking forward to this business.
00:06:08Many electric trains were launched in the near future.
00:06:13It was welcomed as a representative company of the new business after the Sino-Japanese War.
00:06:19Minoo Arima Electric Mobile Co., Ltd. also left with a flourish.
00:06:24However, the public did not think so.
00:06:29Ichizo himself said this.
00:06:32The public strongly argued that there was no prospect.
00:06:39The reason was that there were few people in Takarazuka and Minoo, so there were not enough passengers.
00:06:49If there were no lines leading to the big cities, there would be no prospects for passengers, and there would be no prospects for revenue.
00:06:59Among the people in favor, there was an opinion that it was better to disband as soon as possible.
00:07:09Is there a way out?
00:07:13Is there a way out?
00:07:17Ichizo walked many times around the planned location of the Takarazuka line.
00:07:23Ikeda is on the way.
00:07:27It was a high-altitude area that could be reached in 30 minutes by Umeda in Osaka.
00:07:34However, there was only one shrine, and there were only fields around it.
00:07:41If people lived here, they would be the passengers of the railroad.
00:07:49So he came up with the idea to turn this field into a residential area and let people commute to Osaka.
00:08:00He came up with a business plan to make it work.
00:08:07There was a reason why he thought it would work.
00:08:14At that time, Osaka City was rapidly industrialized from the Nishin War to the Nichiro War, and the population increased dramatically.
00:08:24The number of 810,000 in 1931 increased to 1,230,000 in 1941.
00:08:33There was no longer a place to live in Osaka City.
00:08:39Ichizo was convinced that the time had come for the workers to build a house in the suburbs.
00:08:47In 1840, Ichizo told the workers that if they failed, he would take full responsibility, and he became the director of the railroad.
00:08:57He set out to build a railroad and develop a residential area.
00:09:04This is a pamphlet that Ichizo wrote himself.
00:09:11My poor citizens of Osaka, who live in the city of darkness and smoke.
00:09:19It is sad to think of the fun life in the suburbs.
00:09:27This is a message to live in a healthy residential environment away from the crowded city.
00:09:36Bunjochi has 27,000 rice fields in Ikeda and about 200 neighborhoods.
00:09:44The next year, Mino will develop 55,000 rice fields.
00:09:51Ureyuki was the director.
00:09:57In March 1943, just before Bunjochi was sold, the Takarazuka Line and the Mino Line were opened.
00:10:06It was a completely new method of developing a railroad and a residential area at the same time.
00:10:16However, the number of passengers increased by less than 10,000 a day.
00:10:23There were almost no users other than the buyers of houses and tourists of the Mino Falls.
00:10:31It was necessary to create some kind of遊覧設備 and attract a large number of passengers.
00:10:41Eight months after the opening of the Mino Line, Ichizo opened a rare zoo in Mino.
00:10:50Although the number of visitors increased, the cost of preventive measures and the cost of animal feed increased.
00:10:56In addition, the zoo was closed in Osaka City and the management deteriorated.
00:11:01A few years later, the zoo was forced to close.
00:11:08Six months after the zoo was closed, the Takarazuka New Onsen, which is the centerpiece of the indoor pool in Takarazuka, was opened.
00:11:19However, the pool was so large that the water temperature did not rise as expected, and there were no visitors.
00:11:28However, Ichizo had another idea.
00:11:33It was to make the large space of the pool a guest seat and the poolside a stage.
00:11:48And the Takarazuka New Onsen was created.
00:11:54The Takarazuka New Onsen is a gorgeous stage performed by singing and dancing at the Paradise Theater, which remodeled the pool in 1903.
00:12:01It became the Takarazuka Girls' Theater.
00:12:06Ten years after its opening, it became a popular theater, and many spectators began to visit Takarazuka by train.
00:12:15Ichizo has created a new form of culture that does not stop only on the railroad.
00:12:31In 1903, it opened the Kobe Line that connects Osaka and Kobe.
00:12:38Visitors should come by train.
00:12:42However, it did not grow as expected.
00:12:48In fact, the Tokaido Line, which is already the national route, runs in this section, and the Hanshin Train was also opened in 1938.
00:12:58It required some idea to attract visitors by the new Hankyu train.
00:13:06Ichizo published a newspaper advertisement of the Gara-Aki.
00:13:14It is a Gara-Aki that attracts the feelings of visitors.
00:13:18I think I wrote such a catch copy.
00:13:21However, Ichizo wanted to appeal that it was a beautiful, fast, comfortable train that arrived early from Osaka to Kobe.
00:13:33It took 40 minutes to get to Osaka and Kobe from Osaka to Kobe, and then 35 minutes to get to Osaka and Kobe, and finally 25 minutes.
00:13:46I named it Hanshin Express Train from then on.
00:13:57It was shortened to Hankyu Train, and people started to call it Hankyu.
00:14:06In the 9th year of Showa, when the Osaka-Kobe line became 25 minutes, the annual number of Hankyu trains exceeded 55 million.
00:14:16On the other hand, Ichizo was planning a business to attract more customers to Hankyu trains.
00:14:27In the 4th year of Showa, he opened the Hankyu department store, the first department store directly connected to the station in Japan.
00:14:36Our Hanshin Express Train has 120,000 passengers every day.
00:14:44Rather than going to various department stores by car from here, we have never had to go to a department store where we have enough business to do here.
00:14:55He built a department store directly connected to the station, and as soon as the passengers got off the train, they could shop.
00:15:08The first floor is the station itself, but from the second floor to the sixth floor, there are shops for furniture, clothes, and cosmetics.
00:15:25On the eighth floor, there is a restaurant.
00:15:28The most popular rice curry is 20,000 yen.
00:15:31In addition, various menus such as beef steak and cutlet have become popular.
00:15:38Eight years after the opening, on the weekend of the 12th year of Showa, 50,000 people came.
00:15:45The Hankyu Department Store
00:15:51The Hankyu station is located in the north of Osaka.
00:15:55Historically, the Hankyu department store was located in the south of Osaka.
00:15:59The Hankyu department store was located in the south of Osaka.
00:16:04The Hankyu department store was located in the north of Osaka, and it became the destination of Umeda.
00:16:12In order to go to Umeda, the number of passengers who took the train increased, and many people came to Umeda.
00:16:19The center of Giniwai was born by the department store.
00:16:26When it opened, the number of passengers was about 3.6 million a year.
00:16:31In the 15th year of Showa 30 years later, it exceeded 100 million.
00:16:36It has grown to about 27 times and is a representative facility of Kansai.
00:16:46Kobayashi Ichizo started his first business in Japan one after another.
00:16:54He became known as a great manager.
00:16:59Asako Tsuji
00:17:03We have a lot of guests today.
00:17:06Thank you for coming.
00:17:09First of all, this is Asako Tsuji, a businesswoman who is in charge of online advertising.
00:17:13Asako Tsuji, you are in charge of advertising.
00:17:16What did you think of Ichizo's advertisement?
00:17:20I thought there was a buzz in the modern world at that time.
00:17:25Not only this copy, but I think it's amazing.
00:17:30You often talk about promotion, foul play, and your good points.
00:17:35You want to say something positive.
00:17:40What I think is amazing about Ichizo is that he has his own negative parts.
00:17:46In a sense, it's a weakness.
00:17:49Foul play is a very negative thing for business.
00:17:53By relieving his own weakness, customers can sympathize with him.
00:17:59I think there are many ways to break the rules that still apply today.
00:18:06Above all, I thought it was charming to use the word foul play.
00:18:13It's an exciting freedom.
00:18:15I was looking at it while thinking that it's a story that can't be done by humans.
00:18:20I was wondering how humorous things like this are necessary in business.
00:18:29Next is Mayama Jin, a novelist.
00:18:32Mayama, you are from Osaka.
00:18:34Did you have a chance to ride the Hankyu train?
00:18:37Yes, I was born in Osaka and live in Kobe, Kyoto.
00:18:41It's a light Hankyu train.
00:18:44In the video, the key word was fast.
00:18:47Now, JR is overwhelmingly fast.
00:18:50I went to the cheap Hankyu train.
00:18:53It's cheap, but it doesn't make me feel like I'm riding a cheap train at all.
00:18:58When I watch his classes, I always get the opposite idea.
00:19:04When you commute, the rush goes to the city center.
00:19:08On the other hand, if you make an amusement park in a crowded place,
00:19:13there will be more and more people going to the amusement park from a late afternoon.
00:19:19It's like a treasure trove.
00:19:22It's a rush hour.
00:19:23Yes, it is.
00:19:24And in the afternoon, both places will be crowded.
00:19:27So, you make a department store.
00:19:28You fill up all the time.
00:19:30The idea that you should make a decision is...
00:19:33It's said that anything can happen in this era,
00:19:36but if you have this idea, there will be many opportunities in the future.
00:19:40In that sense, the idea of reversal is like a god.
00:19:46Next, we have Mr. Shigeru Kashima,
00:19:48who is a French literature writer and also wrote the cover of Kobayashi Ichizo.
00:19:52Nice to meet you.
00:19:53Mr. Kashima, which part of Kobayashi Ichizo attracted you to write the cover?
00:19:58Kobayashi Ichizo was born into a family of great merchants,
00:20:04but his father and mother passed away when he was young,
00:20:08and he became an orphan.
00:20:11He said that he had no attachment to his family.
00:20:16He was the first person who realized that Japan would change
00:20:22centered on each family.
00:20:26Other people don't have the image of each family,
00:20:31but Kobayashi Ichizo is already isolated from the outside world.
00:20:35So, the idea is to make each family.
00:20:41So, in a railroad, an amusement park, or a treasure trove,
00:20:48it's only each family.
00:20:51Capitalism is created from that.
00:20:55This is the most important thing.
00:20:57It's not the expansion of the Japanese family,
00:21:01but the capitalism of each family.
00:21:04You just said each family,
00:21:06but in our society, the number of single people is increasing,
00:21:10and the business of convenience stores is becoming more and more for single people.
00:21:14Look at the government.
00:21:16The government is not at all for the world of single people.
00:21:20If you look at the society for single people,
00:21:23Ichizo starts to think a lot of things.
00:21:26There are two things that I pay attention to.
00:21:33One is a thorough customer perspective.
00:21:37I see a lot of things.
00:21:39There is a company that says it will be closed until New Year's Day,
00:21:43and another company that says it will be open from the 4th.
00:21:46So, the company's customer perspective is definitely growing.
00:21:50In short, it's a place where customers are happy.
00:21:54Another thing is that Mr. Kobayashi doesn't give orders.
00:22:00For example, get on this train.
00:22:02Live here.
00:22:03And when the red train starts,
00:22:06let's use it.
00:22:08Call.
00:22:09It's impossible.
00:22:12It comes from the idea that if you make it fun and profitable,
00:22:15customers will naturally come.
00:22:17It's a way to make money.
00:22:19It arrives early.
00:22:20It's cool.
00:22:21The scenery is good.
00:22:22It's rough.
00:22:24It's all from the customer's point of view.
00:22:26If you make it fun and profitable,
00:22:28customers will naturally come.
00:22:31There is a theater at the end of the train.
00:22:33There is a hot spring.
00:22:34It's cheap and wide.
00:22:35If there is a house close to the city center,
00:22:37people will naturally want to live there.
00:22:39It's like a campaign.
00:22:41It's a law.
00:22:42It's a campaign.
00:22:43It's money.
00:22:44It's like a subsidy.
00:22:45That kind of idea is invalid.
00:22:47Ms. Tsuji, what do you think of this idea?
00:22:50When I try to make a business plan,
00:22:53I tend to want to build a simulation by stacking it up.
00:22:57I change my perspective a little.
00:22:59If I look at it from the customer's point of view,
00:23:01I think it's worth it.
00:23:03In short, it's a service design that you can't notice just by stacking it up.
00:23:08Recently, it's the same with smartphones.
00:23:11Even now, I don't think I've ever run out of buttons on my cell phone.
00:23:15From the customer's point of view,
00:23:17I think it's inconvenient.
00:23:18But when I'm presented with a new value,
00:23:23I think I'll use it a little.
00:23:25The same goes for numbers and cultural applications.
00:23:30I think those two are a great balance.
00:23:34There's one thing I've learned from Mr. Kobayashi.
00:23:39You don't move fast.
00:23:41If you think it's going to happen in the future,
00:23:43you'll be two or three steps behind on purpose.
00:23:45What do you mean?
00:23:46If you do it too fast, you won't be able to keep up with the others.
00:23:50When I built the Hankyu department store,
00:23:53I didn't build a building all of a sudden.
00:23:55I made the second floor of the station look like a department store
00:23:59and put all the numbers like test cases there.
00:24:03For example, I made a new building and put all the numbers there.
00:24:08It costs a lot of money.
00:24:10I've been doing that a lot.
00:24:14I'm a very challenging person,
00:24:16but I'm very careful about that.
00:24:19There's a big gap between the level of care and the start-up company.
00:24:26I think I have about four eyes.
00:24:29I can see about 270 degrees.
00:24:32I think I've been doing fine-tuning while feeling whether it's going well or not.
00:24:38In that sense, I think it would be nice if the current management company
00:24:42would stop and take a deep breath and look around a little more.
00:24:48There's another beautiful thing about Mr. Kobayashi,
00:24:52which is that he has a good memory.
00:24:54He has a good memory.
00:24:57If you don't enjoy your work,
00:25:00you'll get tired of it.
00:25:02That's not good. Let's have fun.
00:25:05That's the motto of Mr. Kobayashi.
00:25:09I've always told the women and actresses of the Kagekidan
00:25:16that it's best to marry a man who looks like he's having fun.
00:25:21Also, it's better to marry someone who has a lot of hobbies.
00:25:24That's what Mr. Kobayashi always said in the Kagekidan.
00:25:29That's important.
00:25:33In 1952, a request was sent to Mr. Kobayashi, who was 54 years old,
00:25:37for the reconstruction of a certain company.
00:25:43It was Tokyo Electric, Japan's first electric power company.
00:25:51After the First World War,
00:25:53the electric power industry flourished in Tokyo,
00:25:57and the tradition spread to the general household.
00:26:01The electric power industry was one of the most active industries.
00:26:08However, according to Mr. Hideyomi Nakamura, a technician,
00:26:12Tokyo Electric, just before the reconstruction of Ichizo,
00:26:16was in dire straits.
00:26:21It says,
00:26:23Tokyo Electric is not popular.
00:26:28I remember the economic boom after the First World War.
00:26:34I had high expectations that the demand for industrial power would increase,
00:26:38so I was motivated to invest in equipment.
00:26:41Also, it was the first time for large-scale hydropower development.
00:26:45There were such efforts, and the construction cost was rising.
00:26:54The Great Kanto Earthquake in Taisho 12 caused great damage to related facilities.
00:27:06The damage was 4.7 billion yen.
00:27:09Today, the company has a debt of over 2.9 billion yen.
00:27:20The bank, which had a great influence on Tokyo Electric,
00:27:23had to re-establish its business.
00:27:30Ichizo, which had a record in the semiconductor industry,
00:27:33was the place where Shirahano-ya was established.
00:27:40It was a problem that could not be solved with some reforms.
00:27:45Ichizo made a big decision.
00:27:53It announced a large-scale restriction.
00:27:56It cut off more than 900 employees,
00:27:59and started a thorough budget reduction.
00:28:04But the management did not improve.
00:28:07The biggest problem for Tokyo Electric was the surplus power.
00:28:17When Ichizo was in charge of the management,
00:28:20the annual power production was a total of 210,000 kilowatts.
00:28:25Out of those, 112,000 kilowatts were not sold,
00:28:29and the management was under pressure as surplus power.
00:28:38In the 3rd year of the Showa era, Ichizo established a new company.
00:28:47The Showa Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
00:28:53At that time, cheap electricity was used in the Korean Peninsula and the northeast of China,
00:28:57and the production of chemical fertilizers was flourishing.
00:29:02In line with that, he decided to create a new demand for electricity in Japan.
00:29:09He succeeded in producing domestic chemical fertilizers,
00:29:13which were either just selling surplus power or imported.
00:29:20But a new problem was coming.
00:29:24It was the theft of customers that broke out between the power companies.
00:29:32Originally, the Kanto region was a stronghold of Tokyo Electric,
00:29:36but a large number of power companies in other regions saw its weakening.
00:29:44Among them was the Toho Electric, led by Matsunaga Yasuzaemon.
00:29:53They merged power companies in Gunma and Kanagawa,
00:29:56supplied cheap electricity to the Kanto region,
00:29:59and expanded their shares at once.
00:30:05Tokyo Electric resisted by lowering its price,
00:30:08and in the Kyogo region,
00:30:10a power contract with a price lower than the original price was signed.
00:30:17According to records,
00:30:19rubber companies in Tokyo and Katsushika
00:30:22repeatedly changed their contracts to those with lower prices,
00:30:26and in the end, they signed a contract with Toho Electric at the same price.
00:30:35In the 4th year of the Showa Era,
00:30:37Japan Electric, followed by Daido Electric, also moved to Tokyo.
00:30:44A fierce war of dumping was waged against the factory,
00:30:47which was a major demand for electricity.
00:30:50It was a battle without honor, called the Electric War.
00:30:57However, the war forced the general consumer to pay the price.
00:31:04At the time, the price was determined by the delivery fee.
00:31:08The price also varied greatly depending on the region.
00:31:12There was a big difference between the large-scale demand and the small-scale demand.
00:31:16Everyone was aiming for large-scale demand,
00:31:19especially the power companies.
00:31:21That would make it cheaper.
00:31:24But the general consumer couldn't complain,
00:31:28and they didn't have the power to do so.
00:31:31That's why they had to pay the price.
00:31:34That's how it worked.
00:31:36But when it was reported in the media,
00:31:40everyone was angry.
00:31:43I think that's especially true for the general public.
00:31:48The demand for power by the government was growing day by day.
00:31:59In March, 1937,
00:32:01Ichizo submitted a petition to the Electric Power Association
00:32:05to stop this fierce battle.
00:32:10He wanted a coalition of five major power companies
00:32:13and power by the government.
00:32:17He wanted a coalition of five major power companies
00:32:20to establish the law of equal power,
00:32:23and to stabilize the market.
00:32:28By uniting these five major powers,
00:32:31the current power struggle should be over.
00:32:34The government should be in charge of the situation
00:32:37and not allow any unfair competition.
00:32:42Ichizo believed that the equal power
00:32:45The government was in charge of the power company to prevent excessive competition.
00:32:51However, the management was to be carried out by the private sector.
00:33:00However, the era was moving beyond the imagination of Ichizo.
00:33:05The 226 Incident occurred in the year of Showa 11.
00:33:09The military increased its interference with the government, and the Cabinet had no choice but to comply with the military's demands.
00:33:19And this year, the government decided to establish a power national administration.
00:33:26The government would provide the private sector with power equipment and manage electricity consumption.
00:33:34It was completely different from the administration that Ichizo was thinking of.
00:33:40The so-called revolutionary administrators promoted this policy.
00:33:46They were trying to create a system that would turn all production into war by cooperating with the military and controlling the entire economy.
00:33:57Ichizo criticized the government's position, saying that the government would govern, but that the actual work would be left to the merchants, and that the business would have to be done by the merchants.
00:34:18But the resistance was in vain, and in the year of Showa 13, the law on power national administration was established.
00:34:26The private electricity business, which was supposed to start five generations of electricity, was nationalized.
00:34:35Matsunaga, president of the Toho Electric Company, was defeated by the revolutionary administrators as a human scum and was forced to retire.
00:34:46Ichizo also lost his place of activity.
00:34:51The power war
00:34:55Mr. Kashima, I think the power war that broke out between the power companies before the war was really intense.
00:35:01In a way, it was the limit of making the price cheap.
00:35:06If you do that, it will become a commodity war.
00:35:09Like, I'll give you something like this.
00:35:11Yeah, like, I'll give it to you.
00:35:13For example, the power company on the second floor of the same house is different from the one on the first floor.
00:35:22The apartment was just built around this time in Tokyo, and there was a lot of power.
00:35:27It was a very unreasonable competition, and it had to be done.
00:35:33Any company would be defeated.
00:35:37As I said earlier, it's just a matter of course.
00:35:39Even now, we see a lot of digital ads on social media and smartphones.
00:35:45If you keep doing things like, if they're going to save money, we're going to save money, what's going to happen?
00:35:51Employees and people who are working will not be able to work in good health.
00:35:56It's a story that can be replaced by the present.
00:36:00Normally, when you build a free economy, there's a natural crisis.
00:36:05There's a lot of business that can cause a crisis, but there's something you can't do.
00:36:11Power is now called the lifeline.
00:36:13In other words, if there is no power, you will die.
00:36:16As we enter the Showa era, all of the people's lives and industries will no longer be without electricity.
00:36:23If you make the free market overwhelmingly free, one day it will suddenly be out of power or the company will collapse.
00:36:30This will be a matter of life and death for people.
00:36:34Ichizo thinks that the government should be involved in that.
00:36:39For example, the government will do the construction of hydropower and electricity.
00:36:45As long as they don't compete with each other, the service won't improve.
00:36:49What's interesting about that is that he says it's a national private business.
00:36:55National private business.
00:36:57The government will do it with taxes.
00:37:00The idea is to make electricity cheaper.
00:37:03By making electricity cheaper, the companies will make a profit.
00:37:10However, it's the complete opposite idea of innovation management.
00:37:14Innovation management is a private private business.
00:37:19I see.
00:37:21That's why the companies make their own business.
00:37:25The management is done by the government.
00:37:27That's the idea.
00:37:29This is completely different from Ichizo's Tosei.
00:37:33Everyone, including Ichizo and Yasudaemon Matsudaira, were against it.
00:37:41Tosei is the word of the present and the rule.
00:37:45It's a rule that goes too far.
00:37:47Ichizo Kobayashi doesn't deny the rule or Tosei at all.
00:37:51What's important is the necessary Tosei.
00:37:54Tosei is done to minimize the necessary Tosei.
00:37:57Tosei is done to be in a decent state.
00:38:00This is very important.
00:38:02What did the Tosei think?
00:38:07The first world war lasted for 4 or 5 years.
00:38:13The Tosei wanted to maintain the power of the country during the war.
00:38:17The Tosei planned to increase the power of the country.
00:38:24What did the Tosei model look like?
00:38:28It was similar to what the Soviet Union did.
00:38:34The Soviet Union's five-year plan was very successful.
00:38:40In 1929, the Soviet Union's planned economy was almost flawless.
00:38:51The people who were in charge of innovation looked at that model.
00:38:56They thought it was perfect for the long-term power of the country that the Tosei thought.
00:39:05In the case of the power of the country, the mentality is more important.
00:39:09Even now, when a company is about to collapse, the Tosei says,
00:39:13It's because it's a war now, so bear with it.
00:39:16The Tosei says, bear with people, money, business, and business shifts.
00:39:21We're going to win.
00:39:23If the people are overwhelmed with the idea that a war is coming,
00:39:26and the Tosei says,
00:39:29If it's for the country, we'll bear with it.
00:39:33The Tosei has the power to build and send troops.
00:39:38So it's not just a Tosei model.
00:39:42It's a war that's pulling people's minds.
00:39:46So even the Matsunaga-Kobayashi team said,
00:39:50It's impossible.
00:39:52In other words, it's a big deal that the people won't follow.
00:39:55From a company's point of view,
00:39:57I know that this is not the time for that kind of talk.
00:40:01He's been fighting for a long time to improve the company he's built or faced.
00:40:06I wonder what kind of mind he had to be robbed of the company he'd been fighting for.
00:40:12As a businessman, I have a very painful feeling.
00:40:18After he was promoted to CEO,
00:40:22he's been trying to put up a debate line in journalism.
00:40:27It's quite a change.
00:40:29Thanks to the Tosei's power,
00:40:32the stock market was in a great crunch.
00:40:35The stock market was in a great crunch.
00:40:38If the economy is about to collapse,
00:40:42we can't even squeeze it out.
00:40:44We can't do it unless the economy of the people is fat.
00:40:48It's a wrong way of thinking.
00:40:51Now, Ichizo will be given a choice.
00:40:56In the 15th year of the Showa era,
00:40:59Ichizo Kobayashi decided to leave Tokyo
00:41:03and return to Osaka, the capital of Japan.
00:41:11However, a month after his resignation,
00:41:14Ichizo was on board a ship.
00:41:17His job was to organize a trade competition with Italy
00:41:20as a representative of the Economic Organization.
00:41:26A month after his resignation,
00:41:29Ichizo arrived in his hometown of Kikoku.
00:41:32He received a telegram.
00:41:36He wrote,
00:41:38I wish you a safe return.
00:41:44Ichizo was waiting for Fumimaro Konoe,
00:41:47who was preparing to resign as the next Prime Minister.
00:41:53In the 13th year of the Showa era,
00:41:56Konoe established the National Cooperation Act
00:41:59and pushed the economy forward.
00:42:02He was completely opposed to Ichizo's free economic activities.
00:42:09Konoe appealed to Ichizo
00:42:12to be the next Prime Minister.
00:42:16As the second Prime Minister,
00:42:19Konoe asked Ichizo to join the Economic Organization.
00:42:28Despite his opposition to the Economic Organization,
00:42:32Ichizo was asked to join the government.
00:42:36Let's hear what Ichizo had to say.
00:42:50Ichizo had been involved in various businesses,
00:42:54but he was no longer a member of the National Cooperation Organization.
00:42:58He was no longer a member of the government.
00:43:04The government and the government officials
00:43:07did not realize that the protection of free economic activities
00:43:11would lead to the strength of the nation.
00:43:16It is the right thing to do
00:43:19for private companies to work together
00:43:22and have free competition.
00:43:29But in order to change that,
00:43:32it would be better to accept Konoe's request
00:43:35and join the government.
00:43:39By joining the government,
00:43:42we may be able to change the policy
00:43:45and lead our country's economy in the right direction.
00:43:56However,
00:43:58I don't know Konoe's real intention
00:44:01to make me join the government.
00:44:07Even if I join the government now,
00:44:10I won't be able to achieve anything.
00:44:16I'm worried about the government officials
00:44:19who are pushing for the Economic Organization.
00:44:25Konoe used them
00:44:28to formulate the National Cooperation Act.
00:44:31The government's true intention
00:44:34is to push for the Economic Organization.
00:44:41If I join the government,
00:44:44and become a tool to push for the Economic Organization,
00:44:47it would be meaningless.
00:44:51I should refuse.
00:45:01Ichizo was forced to make a choice.
00:45:05Ichizo Kobayashi
00:45:09Let's take a look at the choices.
00:45:12The first choice is to accept the request.
00:45:15The second choice is to refuse the request.
00:45:18Which would you choose,
00:45:20Ichizo Kobayashi?
00:45:22Mr. Kashima, please.
00:45:24I'm a man of the Economic Organization.
00:45:27I would choose to join the government
00:45:30to protect the last member of the Economic Organization.
00:45:34That's my choice.
00:45:36The first choice is to accept the request.
00:45:39Yes.
00:45:40Considering his actions so far,
00:45:43I would choose to accept the request.
00:45:49I would choose to refuse
00:45:52the second choice.
00:45:55The reason is that
00:45:57from the point of view of the people
00:46:00who are going to the war,
00:46:02if Ichizo Kobayashi is in the Cabinet,
00:46:05they might think,
00:46:07well, let's hear what he has to say,
00:46:09or is he going to be okay?
00:46:11In a sense,
00:46:12he might become a hidden person.
00:46:15That's what I think.
00:46:19I would choose to refuse.
00:46:24Mr. Maemura, which would you choose?
00:46:26I would accept the first choice.
00:46:30Mr. Ichizo, I told you at the beginning
00:46:33that you have the idea of a reversal.
00:46:36One of the greatest weapons of the idea of a reversal
00:46:39is to break through the front.
00:46:41By doing what everyone thinks is wrong,
00:46:44the people who proposed it will probably be upset.
00:46:47They will probably refuse.
00:46:49If they refuse,
00:46:51we have prepared a seat for Mr. Kobayashi,
00:46:54but he ran away on his own.
00:46:56In other words, he might be told,
00:46:58in the dark,
00:47:00that he has recognized the war economy.
00:47:03Another important thing is
00:47:05that if you really want to overturn
00:47:07such a national decision,
00:47:09you have to get inside.
00:47:11As long as you are in the Yato,
00:47:13no matter what you say from the outside,
00:47:15you can't change it.
00:47:17So it's not about whether you can change it or not,
00:47:20but if you don't have the attitude of changing it,
00:47:23Japan will probably be destroyed.
00:47:26So far, the choices have been divided.
00:47:28Mr. Isora, which one would you choose?
00:47:30I refuse to accept the request to enter the Yato.
00:47:34At first glance,
00:47:36I think it will be a situation
00:47:38in which the Yato economy will be stopped
00:47:40if it becomes important,
00:47:42but I don't think so.
00:47:44The Yato is a complete thing,
00:47:46and I don't think it will work.
00:47:48If I join, I'll set up a lot of traps,
00:47:50and I won't be able to save my feet.
00:47:52But when I look at the relationship with the Yato,
00:47:54I think it's better to refuse it
00:47:56after joining the Yato.
00:47:58The reason why I'm here
00:48:00is that I'm doing it in All Japan.
00:48:02This is a deadly technique
00:48:04to make you feel like you're doing it.
00:48:06So I think it's better not to join.
00:48:08I see.
00:48:10Which one did you choose, Mr. Ichizo?
00:48:17On July 22, 1965,
00:48:20the appearance of the 2nd Konoe Cabinet was announced.
00:48:27The new Prime Minister was
00:48:30Kobayashi Ichizo.
00:48:35Ichizo, at the age of 67,
00:48:39decided to enter the government
00:48:42and fight against economic reunification.
00:48:51But there was a secret behind this request.
00:48:56In fact, there was a person
00:48:58who had been dismissed from the position
00:49:00of Prime Minister before Ichizo.
00:49:04Kishi Nobusuke,
00:49:06Prime Minister at the time.
00:49:08At that time, he was a major figure
00:49:10in innovation management
00:49:12that succeeded in industrial development
00:49:14by the Tohoku region,
00:49:16which was called Manchuria at the time.
00:49:20Kishi asked the Prime Minister
00:49:22to be the minister of the economy
00:49:24instead of the prime minister himself.
00:49:30Kishi's will contains his feelings at the time.
00:49:36My small income
00:49:38has the feeling of swinging a bare sword.
00:49:42I wanted to swing my sword freely
00:49:44for a little more time.
00:49:48In order not to be repulsed by the financial world,
00:49:51he decided to make the financial world
00:49:53the minister of decoration
00:49:55to promote economic reunification.
00:50:00Konoe also accepted Kishi's idea,
00:50:03and Ichizo was thought to be
00:50:05just a hidden person.
00:50:11However, only 4 months after his inauguration,
00:50:14Ichizo collided with Kishi.
00:50:19In November,
00:50:21after the negotiations in Southeast Asia,
00:50:24the innovation management
00:50:26proposed to the Cabinet
00:50:28to change the basis of the Japanese economy.
00:50:33The proposal for the new economic system.
00:50:40The content of the proposal
00:50:42was to put all the economic activities
00:50:44of the private sector
00:50:46under the control of the government.
00:50:54The financial world and the government
00:50:57were in a state of turmoil.
00:50:59There was a violent revolt
00:51:01that ignored the interests
00:51:03and responsibilities of the private sector.
00:51:08Ichizo organized the government
00:51:11and fought against Kishi and the innovation management.
00:51:15He demanded five meetings
00:51:17for the reform of the Japanese economy.
00:51:20Each time, he submitted a reform proposal
00:51:23and denied the original proposal of the ruling party.
00:51:28And on December 7th of this year,
00:51:31the meeting was decided,
00:51:33and Ichizo's work
00:51:35was like a bone-pulling.
00:51:42For example, in the original proposal,
00:51:45he allowed the government
00:51:47to intervene in the private economy,
00:51:53but only when it was necessary
00:51:56to manage the private sector,
00:51:59the government,
00:52:01and the state-owned enterprises.
00:52:06Also, in the original proposal,
00:52:09he allowed the government
00:52:11to organize and integrate
00:52:13the small and medium-sized enterprises.
00:52:16The small and medium-sized enterprises
00:52:19had to maintain this,
00:52:21but if it was difficult to maintain,
00:52:24they had to remove the strict regulations,
00:52:27and the small and medium-sized enterprises
00:52:30lost their autonomy.
00:52:33According to Mr. Senkai,
00:52:35who studies Ichizo,
00:52:37there is a part of Ichizo's opinion
00:52:39that has been reflected.
00:52:43If you look at this,
00:52:45for example, in order to build a new economic system,
00:52:49we need to establish a corporate system,
00:52:52and we need to have a corporate system
00:52:55that integrates capital, business, and labor,
00:52:58and the national economy
00:53:00and the state-owned enterprises.
00:53:02This is the state-owned economy.
00:53:05If you read the text below,
00:53:07it says that the national economy
00:53:09should be a part of the state-owned economy,
00:53:12and the corporate person in charge
00:53:14should be responsible for the state-owned economy.
00:53:17The state-owned economy should be
00:53:19autonomous in terms of management,
00:53:21and the state-owned economy should be
00:53:23able to produce the most
00:53:25by the most efficient means.
00:53:27It's as if a text
00:53:29that can be managed
00:53:31autonomously has been inserted.
00:53:33Mr. Kobayashi, who received the proposal,
00:53:35thought that this was not enough,
00:53:37so he inserted his own thoughts
00:53:39into this text.
00:53:43In this way,
00:53:45despite being in the position
00:53:47of the Minister of Finance
00:53:49who recommends the state-owned economy,
00:53:51Mr. Kobayashi did not give up
00:53:53his enthusiasm for the state-owned economy.
00:53:57Soon after, the people in charge
00:53:59of the planning committee
00:54:01who made the proposal
00:54:03were dismissed as having
00:54:05a socialist ideology.
00:54:07Nobusuke Kishi took responsibility
00:54:09and resigned.
00:54:11On the other hand,
00:54:13Ichizo was also dismissed
00:54:15by the Minister of Finance
00:54:17for asking the general public
00:54:19to give their opinion
00:54:21which was rude.
00:54:23The term of his term of office
00:54:25did not last long.
00:54:29This year,
00:54:31after Ichizo resigned,
00:54:33Prime Minister Konoe
00:54:35threw out the government
00:54:37and Japan entered into
00:54:39a war with the United States.
00:54:47Ichizo decided to become
00:54:49the Minister of Finance
00:54:51and fight against the ruling party.
00:54:53How did you feel about this choice?
00:54:57It was the ultimate choice.
00:54:59I could see that
00:55:01it would be a difficult path
00:55:03for me.
00:55:05I dared to choose it
00:55:07as my path of enrollment.
00:55:09I was able to create
00:55:11a lot of cultural things
00:55:13to entertain people.
00:55:15I was able to live in front of
00:55:17people's lives and
00:55:19cultural things.
00:55:21I think it is a great achievement
00:55:23that he was able to
00:55:25keep the meaning of his
00:55:27term of office.
00:55:29I can't see it without tears.
00:55:31As for Mr. Kobayashi,
00:55:33he did what he had to do
00:55:35as a minister.
00:55:37In a sense,
00:55:39he achieved something.
00:55:41I think Mr. Kobayashi
00:55:43thought he might be dismissed
00:55:45tomorrow.
00:55:47However, he wanted to
00:55:49keep his term of office.
00:55:51I think he was surprised
00:55:53that he was dismissed.
00:55:55I think it is amazing
00:55:57how the power of the state
00:55:59attacks people
00:56:01like this.
00:56:03Today, we talked about
00:56:05the life of Mr. Kobayashi.
00:56:07Mr. Kashima,
00:56:09what did you feel
00:56:11when you talked about
00:56:13what Mr. Kobayashi left
00:56:15for Japan?
00:56:17Mr. Kobayashi was a person
00:56:19who thought about
00:56:21this issue seriously.
00:56:23He thought about
00:56:25what people live for.
00:56:27To do that,
00:56:29he had to enjoy working.
00:56:31He didn't want to be
00:56:33ordered by people.
00:56:35As an incentive at that time,
00:56:37he had to make money
00:56:39and make a living.
00:56:41However, he thought
00:56:43people were free.
00:56:45He didn't think
00:56:47other businessmen were free.
00:56:49First of all,
00:56:51people should be free.
00:56:53This is the best rule
00:56:55for him.
00:56:57Especially in today's world,
00:56:59there are many ideas
00:57:01and many preceding cases.
00:57:03If you ask an AI,
00:57:05it will be easier
00:57:07to present the correct answer.
00:57:09In that era,
00:57:11he thought about
00:57:13what originality was.
00:57:15He believed that
00:57:17originality was
00:57:19the ability to imagine
00:57:21and the idea
00:57:23that you can feel
00:57:25and think.
00:57:27He believed in his will
00:57:29including himself.
00:57:31I think it will be
00:57:33a very important learning
00:57:35for this era
00:57:37and the next generation
00:57:39of young people.
00:57:41Nowadays,
00:57:43people in their 50s
00:57:45say Japan is no good.
00:57:47It's a chance for young people.
00:57:49It's a bad society for people
00:57:51in their 50s.
00:57:53It's a chance for young people.
00:57:55If you were here,
00:57:57you would ask
00:57:59why we don't do anything
00:58:01for young people.
00:58:03I want you to think
00:58:05you are Ichizo tomorrow
00:58:07instead of
00:58:09the next day.
00:58:11I always look back
00:58:13and look at the audience.
00:58:15I wonder if they are having fun.
00:58:17This is it.
00:58:19I want to enjoy
00:58:21how they are having fun.
00:58:23Ichizo Kobayashi
00:58:25has a famous saying.
00:58:27In the past,
00:58:29there was a counterfeit version
00:58:31of the theater.
00:58:33He didn't like it
00:58:35and said,
00:58:37if there is such a person,
00:58:39I won't make it a counterfeit version.
00:58:41Anyway,
00:58:43I will do my best
00:58:45with the best performance.
00:58:47That's the first step.
00:58:49That's what he said.
00:58:51Thank you
00:58:53for today.
00:59:03The choice of Showa.
00:59:05How will the disaster of Setou Seiji
00:59:07and the perils of Hama-Souji
00:59:09overcome?
00:59:41What is the discovery that will shake the history of mankind?