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00:00I'm sorry.
00:05The great artists who have accomplished great things in the world.
00:10How much money did these heroes in history make?
00:15If you follow the path of the artists, you can see the path of their life.
00:21Artists' Practice Match
00:25Now, let's start Artists' Practice Match. I'm Shosuke Tanihara.
00:28Good evening, I'm Rena Yamazaki.
00:30Today's guest is...
00:34Physicist Hideki Yukawa.
00:37He was the first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize.
00:40He made great progress in Japanese physics.
00:43He's a man who has changed the world.
00:47Let's see how much money Hideki Yukawa has made.
00:53Now, everyone uses a TV or a smartphone.
00:59It's because the world is so micro-sized.
01:02It's because scientists have developed the ability to understand the movement of atoms and electrons.
01:07Physicist Hideki Yukawa has made the world so small that we can't see it.
01:16With his bold ideas, he surprised scientists all over the world, including Einstein and Oppenheimer.
01:23He won the Nobel Prize for the first time as a Japanese.
01:28He's a genius!
01:31I think so.
01:33Mr. Yukawa is a bit introverted.
01:38It's hard to decide what you really want to do.
01:42His parents were worried about him.
01:47But he found what he loved and became a great man in the world.
01:55What?
01:57Why did a man whose parents were worried about him win the Nobel Prize?
02:02Let's take a look at his life.
02:05In 1907, Hideki was born in Azabu, Tokyo, as the third son of the famous geologist Takuji Ogawa and his wife Koyuki.
02:17He moved to Kyoto when he was one year old with his father's pension.
02:23Hideki was not good at many things when he was a child.
02:28He had a hard time in elementary school.
02:31He was not good at sports, calligraphy, etc.
02:38He was not good at other subjects.
02:41Ogawa, do you know the answer?
02:47Do you know the answer or not?
02:52That's enough!
02:53That's enough!
02:57He was not good at talking in front of people.
03:03His father said to Hideki.
03:06He is not good at anything compared to his brothers.
03:12What should I do in the future?
03:15Hideki loved a subject in high school.
03:21It was math.
03:24He was not bored with the subject.
03:27He also challenged difficult problems.
03:30Let's find the number of rows below.
03:34There are more than three rows.
03:37Then, let's think about how many numbers are in a row.
03:42Okay, I solved it!
03:44Hey, Hideki!
03:46This is a problem to use the formula you learn in junior high school.
03:48I didn't learn it, but I solved it!
03:51You don't have to know the formula.
03:54You can figure it out if you think about it.
03:56Hideki thought about what he didn't know.
03:59He realized the joy of finding the answer by himself.
04:04The more difficult the problem was,
04:07the more he was happy when he solved it.
04:12However, in the math test in the first year of high school,
04:15Hideki didn't pass the test.
04:17He didn't pass the test.
04:20I'm confident this time, too.
04:23I'll definitely get a perfect score.
04:28What? 66 points?
04:31There was a problem with the score of 0.
04:34But he didn't make any mistakes.
04:40You didn't use the formula your teacher taught you.
04:43That's why you didn't get a perfect score.
04:46What?
04:48Do I have to do what my teacher told me?
04:51This is not the math I like.
04:57There are times like that in school.
05:00His interest in math suddenly disappeared.
05:05One day, Hideki met his destiny.
05:09Is there any interesting book?
05:11Is there any interesting book?
05:14What is this?
05:17This is a quantum theory written by Leipzig, a German scientist.
05:23He introduced quantum theory,
05:26the cutting-edge of physics,
05:28which has been rapidly developing
05:30because all substances are made up of atoms.
05:35Hideki was shocked by the last word of this book.
05:42All the problems in quantum theory are mysterious and unknown.
05:47Why don't our generation make an effort
05:50to make this world clear?
05:54I see.
05:56There are many things in quantum theory that we don't know.
05:59I want to try this.
06:03In 1926, Hideki turned 19
06:07and enrolled in the Department of Physics at Kyoto Imperial University.
06:09His major was quantum mechanics.
06:12He decided to study quantum mechanics.
06:15Since there were no specialists in this field in Japan,
06:19Hideki studied by himself,
06:22such as reading papers from overseas in a library.
06:27One day, Hideki, who continued to study after graduation,
06:32was asked by a professor of physics at Osaka Imperial University,
06:37to come to Osaka Imperial University.
06:40He said,
06:42I'd like someone like you to come,
06:45but I'm not sure if I can.
06:47I'd love to.
06:50Hideki became a professor at Osaka Imperial University at the age of 26.
06:56How much did he study at that time?
07:00Yutaka Hosotani, a professor of physics at Osaka Imperial University,
07:04will tell us how much he studied.
07:06At that time,
07:08there was an atmosphere of trying new things
07:11at a university like a venture company.
07:15At that time,
07:17there were no documents left at Osaka University,
07:20but if it was the same as other imperial universities,
07:25the annual fee was 900 yen.
07:28The current price is 3.6 million yen.
07:32At first, it was about 3.6 million yen, right?
07:36Yes, it was.
07:38Some scholars have studied at Osaka Imperial University,
07:41but they didn't get much.
07:43At that time,
07:45the average annual fee of a general family was 4.36 million yen,
07:49so it was a little low.
07:51But they were single.
07:53They got married.
07:55Hideki got married,
07:57and his last name changed from Ogawa to Yukawa.
07:59His last name changed from Ogawa to Yukawa.
08:02His father-in-law ran a hospital,
08:05and he was poor,
08:07so he got help from his father-in-law.
08:11I'm sorry,
08:13but I don't know much about quantum mechanics.
08:16What kind of things did he say,
08:18and how far has he progressed?
08:20Let's ask him.
08:22This is a time-space monitor.
08:24Let's see.
08:26Yukawa-san!
08:30Oh, no!
08:32Hideki?
08:34I don't know!
08:36Yukawa-san, what are you doing?
08:38I'm studying quantum mechanics at home.
08:42Quantum mechanics?
08:44Can you tell me what quantum mechanics is?
08:47I'll teach you gently.
08:49I think elementary school students are watching, so please.
08:52If you look at all the substances in the world in detail,
08:56they are made up of small particles called atoms.
09:01How small are the atoms?
09:04About 1 millionth of a millimeter.
09:081 millionth of a millimeter?
09:10Did you measure it?
09:12I did.
09:14How did you measure it?
09:16With a ruler.
09:18The study of the structure and properties of atoms is called quantum mechanics.
09:25What do you know about the structure so far?
09:29Can you look at this?
09:32What?
09:34At the center of an atom, there is an electron with a positive property,
09:39called an atomic nucleus.
09:42Around it, there is an electron with a negative property,
09:45called an electron.
09:47It's spinning.
09:49I see.
09:51Recently, I've learned about the structure of the atomic nucleus.
09:55Does it open?
09:57NHK is amazing.
09:59Kohaku, NHK?
10:02This is an atom with a positive property,
10:05and this is a neutral atom with a positive or negative property.
10:11I see.
10:13You guys,
10:15when you see this,
10:17don't you think it's strange?
10:21For example,
10:23a magnet has a positive or negative property,
10:27but a neutral atom has a positive or negative property, right?
10:31That's amazing.
10:33100 points.
10:35I'm glad.
10:36I have a question.
10:38How do a neutral atom and a positive atom stick together?
10:42I can tell the difference between positive and negative.
10:46If it's half, it's like Kohaku Manju.
10:49If it's Manju, they stick together.
10:53I'm going to sleep.
10:58Sorry.
11:00Let's talk a little more.
11:03Hineki, are you going to sleep?
11:06What's wrong?
11:08Don't you get ideas in your dreams while you're sleeping?
11:12That's true.
11:14Before I forget,
11:16I put my ideas on my pillow.
11:19Can you show me your notebook?
11:22This?
11:24I'm curious how you write.
11:27What's wrong?
11:29I'm writing the words I take care of when I study important notes.
11:34What kind of words?
11:36For example,
11:38I'm going to focus on the most essential things in life.
11:46That's cool!
11:48I'm going to solve the world of the unknown someday!
11:55I hope I can think of good ideas.
11:58Good night.
12:00I remember!
12:01I remember!
12:03If he comes up with a new idea, he can't calculate it.
12:08It takes him two years to figure it out.
12:12One night, in his bed,
12:15he remembers!
12:17What?
12:19There's a new particle that connects positive and negative.
12:24I haven't found it yet.
12:27When he calculates it,
12:29it's amazing how he can figure it out.
12:32This is it!
12:34With this particle, he can connect positive and negative!
12:38Let's call this particle the Intermediate Particle!
12:43At the age of 27, in 1934,
12:47Hideki published his first paper,
12:51The Intermediate Particle Theory.
12:54It's still my age.
12:55It's still my age.
12:57The Intermediate Particle Theory is the theory that
13:01the Intermediate Particle and the Intermediate Particle
13:05interact with each other through the interaction of forces.
13:09Confident Hideki called out to someone.
13:13Mr. Boa,
13:15would you like to read my paper?
13:19Boa, the first person in quantum mechanics,
13:22asked Mr. Boa about his theory.
13:26Then...
13:29Do you like new particles that much?
13:33What?
13:35Yes.
13:37It's too easy to explain unknown phenomena with new particles.
13:42That's evil.
13:45Hideki's paper was rejected.
13:49But...
13:50I'm going to make the Intermediate Particle Theory perfect!
13:54If I keep doing research,
13:57I'm sure I can prove this theory is correct!
14:01Hideki continued his research to reinforce the Intermediate Particle Theory.
14:07Three years later, the wind began to change.
14:11New particles were discovered by American scientists,
14:15and it became a hot topic.
14:18Hideki became well-known among physicists around the world.
14:24He was invited to the Solvay Conference,
14:28one of Europe's top physics conferences.
14:32But...
14:34The Second World War broke out just before that.
14:39The conference was canceled.
14:43No way!
14:45No way!
14:47It was a chance to spread the Intermediate Particle Theory to the world!
14:52As a result of the verification,
14:55the Intermediate Particle Theory Hideki predicted
14:58and the one discovered by American scientists were different.
15:02Hideki was cornered.
15:04What will he do from now on?
15:08The Second World War started at the right time.
15:12Yes, that's right.
15:14It was a difficult time.
15:18During the war, Einstein, Oppenheimer, and Hideki
15:23were hired to study new weapons
15:26that applied the theory under military instructions.
15:30In the meantime, the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb on Japan.
15:35After that, the war ended.
15:38What will Hideki do after the war?
15:42Let's ask him.
15:44One, two, Hideki!
15:50I'm nervous.
15:52Hideki, where are you now?
15:54I'm at Princeton Institute of Technology in the U.S.
15:59I was asked to be a guest lecturer for a year.
16:03Wow.
16:04I was asked to be a guest lecturer for a year.
16:06Does that mean the research was approved?
16:08Yes.
16:10A British scientist discovered the Intermediate Particle Theory
16:13and proved that my theory was correct.
16:15Wow.
16:17He actually discovered it.
16:19Congratulations.
16:21By the way, what kind of research are you doing in the U.S. now?
16:25Recently, a U.S. scientist invented a machine
16:28that can artificially create Intermediate Particle Theory.
16:30Wow, he can make it.
16:31I wanted to see the experiment.
16:34That's why I came here.
16:36I see.
16:40Can you take your time?
16:43It's almost time.
16:45Who is she?
16:48She is Sumi, my wife.
16:50Sumi.
16:52She is Yukawa's wife.
16:54She is beautiful.
16:56How did you two become a teacher?
16:59I'm sorry.
17:01How did you two meet?
17:03We met at a wedding.
17:05At a wedding?
17:07She showed me a picture of her in a magazine.
17:11I fell in love with her beauty at first sight.
17:15What?
17:17Sumi, what did you like about Hideki?
17:20I'd like to know.
17:22Actually, he was a poor man.
17:25Hey!
17:27But when I met him,
17:28he was very serious.
17:30I thought I could entrust him with my life.
17:32Really?
17:34Where did you think you could entrust him with your life?
17:36I thought he was a hard-working scientist.
17:39I see.
17:41It's almost time.
17:43It's not the time to say that.
17:45What do you mean by that?
17:47Actually,
17:49an important person called us
17:52and said he wanted to meet us.
17:54What?
17:55That's why he came here.
17:58Here's the question.
18:01After this, Hideki and Sumi
18:04will meet a person who will change their lives.
18:10Who is that person?
18:13I think I know who it is.
18:15He's the one.
18:17He's the only one.
18:19I think there's no other idol scientist
18:22like Einstein.
18:23I think so, too.
18:25It's almost time.
18:27Let's watch the video again.
18:29You're here!
18:32I'm nervous.
18:34He has long white hair.
18:37White and long hair.
18:39White and long hair.
18:41He's here!
18:43He's here!
18:46He's here!
18:47He's here!
18:51Hideki!
18:53I've missed you.
18:55It's been a while, Dr. Einstein.
18:58No, no, no.
19:02I'm glad you found the medium you predicted.
19:07I'm looking forward to your research.
19:12I'm happy to meet you again after the war.
19:17You're Sumi, right?
19:21Yes, I'm Sumi.
19:23Nice to meet you, Dr. Einstein.
19:26I wanted to apologize to you today.
19:31What?
19:33I killed a lot of innocent Japanese people
19:37in the atomic bomb.
19:43I'm really sorry.
19:47If we continue to develop this weapon,
19:53humanity will be wiped out.
19:57We must create a system to prevent war as soon as possible.
20:05Well,
20:07let me help you.
20:14The correct answer was Einstein.
20:18The two of you are correct.
20:20When I think about the lessons we've learned
20:24with love and curiosity,
20:27I think it's painful when I think
20:31that the lessons we've learned
20:35are applied to the weapons that kill people.
20:39Hideki was recognized by the world for his research.
20:43How did he live in Japan and the world as a scientist?
20:48Here is the climax.
20:51In 1949,
20:53big news came to Japan.
21:00On November 3rd,
21:02a Swedish scientist won the Nobel Prize in Physics
21:05awarded to Professor Hideki Yukawa of Japan.
21:11It's been 15 years since Hideki announced the Intermediate Theory.
21:16His achievements were recognized by the world,
21:19and he won the Nobel Prize for the first time as a Japanese.
21:23He looks happy.
21:25This award was a light of hope
21:28for Japanese people who lost their pride and confidence in the war.
21:33Professor Yukawa, congratulations!
21:37Japan has been recognized by the world!
21:41Meanwhile, Hideki is in a press conference.
21:44Mr. Yukawa, what will you use the Nobel Prize for?
21:49First, I'd like to buy baseball gloves for my children.
21:55Hideki starts moving towards a new goal.
22:00He will combine Einstein's relativistic theory with quantum mechanics.
22:06He will start a great research.
22:10He will also set up the Institute of Basic Physics
22:14where scientists from all over the world will work together
22:18and cooperate to study at Kyoto University.
22:22We will raise the level of Japanese physics research.
22:26Let's go!
22:28On the other hand,
22:30he will introduce cutting-edge physics to the general public
22:34and actively announce his book,
22:37The Path to Peace.
22:41The night before,
22:43a shocking incident occurred.
22:46Japan's 5th Fukuryu Maru
22:52This is a water bomb experiment conducted in the United States
22:56at the Bikini Convention in the Pacific Ocean.
23:00The energy was about 1,000 times that of the atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima.
23:06Many people were exposed to the bomb,
23:09including the Japanese 5th Fukuryu Maru.
23:15What kind of humanity has been created?
23:23The next year,
23:25Hideki received a letter.
23:28It was a declaration to promote the abolition of nuclear weapons
23:32and the peaceful use of science and technology in the world.
23:37One of the people who compiled this declaration
23:40was Einstein, whom he met in the United States.
23:42Einstein?
23:44And as soon as this letter reached Yukawa,
23:48Einstein died.
23:53Professor,
23:55I will carry out your will.
23:58I will fulfill the social responsibility of a scientist
24:01and put an end to this situation.
24:05Hideki participated in the Tagwash Conference,
24:08where scientists who agreed with the declaration gathered from all over the world.
24:13They announced their declaration to abolish nuclear weapons.
24:18Hideki continued his research on the latest technology,
24:22and he continued to advocate the peaceful use of nuclear weapons.
24:27However,
24:29the development competition for nuclear weapons did not stop.
24:36Hideki's health deteriorated.
24:39He continued to speak at the international conference in his wheelchair.
24:47He also participated in the conference three months before he died.
24:52He squeezed his last strength and spoke strongly.
24:59Recently,
25:02the situation is getting worse.
25:06We will do our best to
25:14abolish nuclear weapons.
25:23This was Hideki's last appeal.
25:26In 1981,
25:29Hideki passed away at the age of 74.
25:37Hideki burned his life to the last moment.
25:42The words that became his driving force were left in his notebook.
25:49To live a day,
25:52to live a day,
25:55is to take a step forward.
26:05He lived his life as a scientist,
26:08and carried out his responsibility.
26:10What do you want to say to the people who support you?
26:18The people who support me
26:21are the people who understand my power the most.
26:26They are scientists and researchers.
26:29They spend their time and their souls
26:33advocating for me.
26:37But I don't think they understand me yet.
26:44Of course, you have the ability to convince people.
26:48I think that's what makes you different.
26:51But I don't think
26:54everyone will be in a critical situation
26:57until everyone starts to move.
27:01I don't think the world will work out that easily.
27:05Now, let's move on to Hideki Yukawa's anniversaries.
27:10His most memorable anniversary is
27:13when he won the Nobel Prize.
27:16It was when he was 42 years old.
27:20Did he win a Nobel Prize prize?
27:23Yes, he did.
27:25He also won money for his school research.
27:28At the time, he gave a speech in various places
27:31and wrote books for the general public.
27:34But he didn't give a speech or write a book.
27:38How much did he win the Nobel Prize?
27:41It's been a while since the war ended.
27:44I think it was four years later.
27:46In 1949.
27:48I don't think he won a lot of prizes.
27:52When Einstein won the most, he won about 50 million yen.
27:56That's right.
27:5880 million yen.
28:0230 million yen.
28:04Wow.
28:06I'm a scientist.
28:09Now, I will announce Hideki Yukawa's anniversary
28:13as a Japanese physicist who won the Nobel Prize for the first time.
28:21His most memorable anniversary is...
28:2572 million yen.
28:27It's close, isn't it?
28:29Yes, it is.
28:30This year, Hideki worked as a professor at Princeton Institute of Technology
28:34and as a guest professor at Columbia University.
28:37He received a salary of 21 million yen a year.
28:40As for the prize money for the Nobel Prize,
28:43according to the data of the Nobel Foundation,
28:46the current value is 51 million yen.
28:49It's 72 million yen in total.
28:52I see.
28:54It's a high-class prize.
28:56That's right.
28:57Hideki donated 51 million yen of the prize money for the Nobel Prize
29:01to Kyoto University and Osaka University,
29:04which he has been in charge of,
29:07and also to the Foundation,
29:09which he established himself.
29:12Wow.
29:14Scientists are really smart.
29:17If a researcher wants to stay in the tower of Zougenon,
29:20he can do it.
29:22But Yukawa-san didn't want to stay there.
29:24Instead, he went outside
29:26and took responsibility for what he had done
29:29and acted for the future of humanity.
29:32He was a man who felt a great power of will.
29:36He is a man with a human heart.
29:38You can't do anything wrong.
29:40You have to express it properly and say it.
29:44You can't give up on conveying it.
29:46He lived a day and kept moving forward.
29:51Yes.
29:52What kind of life will we see next?
29:56See you next time.