(Adnkronos) - Le olive "sono i frutti dell’ulivo e sono un emblema della cultura mediterranea. Variano in dimensione e colore a seconda della maturazione e della varietà: possono essere verdi, nere, viola o brune. Esistono numerose tipologie, tra cui Arbequina, Koroneiki, Frantoio, Leccino, Picual e Celline di Nardò, ognuna con proprietà uniche che ne determinano l'uso culinario e cosmetico. La maturazione delle olive avviene tra ottobre e dicembre. Durante questo periodo, i frutti cambiano colore e sviluppano il loro sapore caratteristico, che può variare da dolce ad amaro, in base al livello di maturazione e al tipo di varietà". Parte così la nuova puntata de 'Il Gusto della Salute', la rubrica online ideata e condotta dall’immunologo Mauro Minelli. "Le olive sono ricche di acido oleico, vitamina E e polifenoli. Questi componenti conferiscono proprietà antiossidanti, emollienti e rigenerative, che le rendono utili sia nella dieta quotidiana sia nei trattamenti cosmetici. L'olio d'oliva è utilizzato da millenni nella cura della pelle e dei capelli, grazie alle sue proprietà nutrienti, idratanti e antiossidanti - prosegue l'immunologo - Le varietà come Arbequina e Picual, ad esempio, sono particolarmente apprezzate per la loro leggerezza e per l'alta concentrazione di sostanze nutrienti.Le olive sono consumate sia intere che sotto forma di olio, simbolo della dieta mediterranea. Sono ideali per insalate, piatti principali e persino dessert gourmet, come le olive caramellate, che aggiungono una nuova dimensione di sapore e texture". "Uno degli utilizzi più innovativi dell'olio di oliva in pasticceria è il gelato all’olio d’oliva - prosegue - Questo dessert unico, presente nei menu di ristoranti stellati, combina la cremosità del gelato con il sapore fruttato dell’olio extravergine, offrendo una combinazione sorprendente e sofisticata. L'olio d'oliva aggiunge una consistenza vellutata e un sapore che esalta gli altri ingredienti, creando un'esperienza gustativa raffinata". Conservando sia le olive che l’olio in luoghi freschi e lontani dalla luce diretta, si mantengono inalterati il sapore e le proprietà, che esploriamo qui di seguito in un decalogo: 1) Ricche di Antiossidanti. Le olive contengono polifenoli e vitamina E, antiossidanti naturali che proteggono le cellule dai danni dei radicali liberi e rallentano l'invecchiamento cellulare. 2) Sostegno al Sistema Cardiovascolare. Grazie agli acidi grassi monoinsaturi, le olive aiutano a mantenere i livelli di colesterolo "buono" (Hdl) e a ridurre quello "cattivo" (Ldl), supportando la salute del cuore. 3) Idratanti e Emollienti per la pelle. L’acido oleico, un componente principale delle olive, è un emolliente naturale che idrata la pelle, rendendola più morbida ed elastica. 4) Benefiche per il Sistema Immunitario e per la vista. I polifenoli delle olive contribuiscono a rafforzare il sistema immunitario, aumentando la resistenza dell’organismo alle infezioni. Inoltre, per il loro contenuto in vitamina A sono benefiche per la salute degli occhi 5) Alimento Energizzante. Ricche di grassi sani, le olive sono una fonte naturale di energia, perfetta per diete equilibrate che puntano a un apporto moderato e di qualità di grassi. 6) Effetti Antinfiammatori. Le olive contengono oleocantale, un composto con proprietà antinfiammatorie, che può contribuire ad alleviare dolori e infiammazioni simili a quelli trattati con farmaci antinfiammatori. 7) Contenuto di Sodio elevato. Le olive in salamoia o conservate possono essere ricche di sodio, il che potrebbe non essere adatto a chi soffre di ipertensione o ha necessità di ridurre l'assunzione di sale. 8) Rischio di reazioni allergiche. Alcune persone possono essere sensibili alle proteine presenti nelle olive e sviluppare reazioni allergiche o intolleranze, ma non esiste alcuna correlazione tra l’allergia al polline dell’ulivo e al prodotto finito di quel polline, quindi in altri termini i soggetti allergici alla cosiddetta fioritura dell’ulivo, possono tranquillamente consumare le olive e i loro magnifici prodotti. 9) Possibili effetti lassativi. A causa dell’elevato contenuto di grassi, il consumo eccessivo di olive può avere effetti lassativi in alcuni individui sensibili. 10) Calorie da tenere sotto controllo. Nonostante siano salutari, le olive sono caloriche e vanno consumate con moderazione per evitare un apporto eccessivo di grassi nella dieta, specialmente nelle diete ipocaloriche. Questi punti evidenziano come le olive possano essere parte di una dieta salutare, ma richiedano comunque attenzione per chi ha determinate esigenze di salute.
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00:00Olives, the fruits of the olive tree, one of the symbols of the Mediterranean diet and the gastronomic culture of many regions of our country,
00:09are an extraordinary source of nutrients of unique and unrepeatable qualities,
00:15and it is this precious and versatile food that will deal with today's episode of The Taste of Health.
00:30Olives are the most famous example of oval trunks that can vary in size and color.
00:54On the other hand, we know that there are black olives and green olives,
00:59and the different coloration certainly depends on the level of maturation reached by the fruit,
01:05but also on the quantities of proteins and fats present.
01:09Their maturation occurs between October and December,
01:13and depending on their characteristics, olives can be used in the kitchen,
01:19so they can be used as a food, but also in the cosmetology of olives.
01:24There are really many varieties, already only in Italy there are a few hundred.
01:30I remember among the most famous the Taggiasche olives, the Ascolane olives,
01:34the Celline olives of Nardò in the province of Lecce,
01:37but let's now briefly focus on the history of olives.
01:41Marco Renna
01:49According to some testimonies, the consumption of olives dates back to about 5,000-6,000 years ago.
01:58We are in the Neolithic period, the fruit of the olive tree,
02:03already present in almost all the countries of the Mediterranean basin,
02:08would come from Tunisia, although for other sources from the Middle East.
02:15In fact, in ancient Rome, in this case we should say in ancient Rome,
02:19the importation of olives dates back to the reign of Tarquinius Priscus,
02:25one of the seven kings of Rome, so we are talking about the 7th century BC.
02:31Olives are also present in the Bible,
02:35it is mentioned in the New Testament about the hours that precede the Passion of Christ,
02:41the Harvest of Olives and the Great Suffering of the Messiah,
02:46and then again on the day of the entry of Jesus to Jerusalem,
02:51in a group at an oak tree, blowing an olive branch as a sign of peace.
02:57What to say about olives?
02:59Well, today, for many young people, they belong to the history and life of everyday life.
03:06We think of those aperitifs based on spritz or gin tonic,
03:11during which green olives cannot be missing.
03:14And then there are also, above all, black olives in oil,
03:18in the warehouses of all our grandmothers, in our homes,
03:23especially in many regions of southern Italy.
03:26And as for the trees that we go to admire, imposing in the countryside,
03:33well, it must be said that once the olives were harvested from the ground,
03:37but this meant that they were contaminated,
03:40that they were loaded with a series of elements
03:44that from the ground went in some way to stain the integrity and goodness of the olives,
03:50especially their acidity.
03:52Otherwise, at a certain point, with European projects aimed at improving the quality of olive oil,
03:59the olives were collected directly from the trees, in the middle of the so-called squatters.
04:05Well, there, really, the oil that came out of it was a high-quality oil.
04:18From a nutritional point of view, 100 grams of olives provide 115 calories.
04:23Most of the weight of the olives is made up of water,
04:26but they have a characteristic triglyceride content,
04:29especially monounsaturated fatty acids, among which the content of oleic acid stands out.
04:34There are also important amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6.
04:40There is also an important amount of fiber,
04:43essential for the health of our intestinal tract.
04:46As for the content of vitamins, there are vitamins A, but also vitamin B, C and vitamin E.
04:52As for minerals, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and iodine stand out.
04:57Among the numerous varieties of olives, the Arbequina variety stands out,
05:00a Spanish variety from which a very delicate and light oil is produced,
05:03rich especially in monounsaturated fatty acids and vitamins.
05:07Another variety is the Coroneque, which is a variety rich in essential fatty acids and antioxidants.
05:12Then there are the Frantoio and Leccino varieties, which are Italian varieties,
05:15from which most of the common oil is produced.
05:18Another Spanish variety is the Picoal, which is rich in oleic acid and polyphenol.
05:24In the kitchen, olives are very versatile.
05:26They can be used as they are, for a snack, during an aperitif,
05:30or in the form of olive pâtés to spread, for example, on tarts.
05:34They can also be added to cooked vegetables in a humid or pan,
05:38and the advice is to add them at the end of cooking so as not to alter their flavor much.
05:43The latest novelty, the Nardò cellini olives, typical of the province of Lecce,
05:47are currently combined with fructose, sugar and honey
05:51to give origin to the final product, reminiscent of forest fruits or aromatic nuts.
06:02So, what are the possible benefits of olives?
06:05Well, I would start by saying that, due to their abundant content of monounsaturated fatty acids,
06:12such as oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6,
06:18but also due to the important content of phytosterols,
06:22olives are certainly able to normalize the hematic levels of cholesterol,
06:28reducing the levels of bad cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,
06:32but also, due to the action of omega-3, reducing the values and levels of triglycerides.
06:39Because of this, we can say that olives contribute to maintaining the heart and blood vessels in good health.
06:48One of the main benefits attributable to the consumption of olives is represented by their antioxidant power,
06:56therefore anti-inflammatory.
06:58This property is linked to the content of olives, especially polyphenols.
07:04Polyphenols, among which I recall, for example, European oil,
07:08which is basically able to block free radicals, dangerous free radicals,
07:13which derive from oxidative processes, thus slowing the aging of the cells of our body.
07:23The visual function can also benefit from the consumption of olives,
07:28due to the presence of vitamins A, lutein and zeaxanthin,
07:33which are very useful for eye health.
07:39The rich supply of oleic acid, vitamin E and polyphenols
07:43makes olives particularly useful also in cosmetology.
07:47I recall that oleic acid is an important natural emollient,
07:52which is able to give the skin more elasticity, more hydration, more brightness.
07:58On the other hand, vitamin E, known for its strong antioxidant power,
08:03is able to block the action of free radicals in the skin tissue,
08:09thus guaranteeing a slower aging of the skin.
08:15I recall that the olives most used in cosmetology
08:19are the ones that provide the best quality of oil.
08:26Although they are more commonly associated with salty dishes,
08:30olives also have an unprecedented and, in some ways, surprising role
08:34also in the world of pastry.
08:36There are candied olives, caramelized olives,
08:40as well as ice cream with olive oil, particularly velvety and really surprising in its taste.
08:46There are also panettone, made of honey, sugar and olives,
08:50really sweet to taste.
08:56And when should olives be used in moderation?
09:00Well, first of all, let's say that olives bring with them a discreet sodium flow,
09:06so they should pay attention to their consumption.
09:09People with hypertension or people with renal problems.
09:17The consumption of olives can cause interference with the intake of antidiabetic drugs
09:23and antihypertensive drugs, so pay attention.
09:30Last point to highlight is that related to allergies.
09:35I say right away that there is no correlation between the allergy to olive pollen
09:42and the finished product of that pollen.
09:45In other words, people who are allergic to the so-called flowering of olives
09:51can safely consume olives and their magnificent products.
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