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#eLearning pk
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#Learn with dyed atif
#Sreducators
#Sair medical learning
#Nextgene developer
#impulse wave
#TWC academy
#Study malaria
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LearningTranscript
00:00Today our topic of discussion is endocytosis and exocytosis.
00:07First of all, let's see what is endocytosis?
00:13It is the process of cellular ingestion of bulky material by unfolding of cell membrane.
00:20Cellular ingestion means cells eat bulky material.
00:28Large sized particles are called bulky material.
00:34For example, here are some water molecules.
00:38Water molecules cannot be called bulky material because they are small in size.
00:46When many water molecules meet each other, they form droplets.
00:52A droplet of water can be called bulky material because it contains thousands of water molecules.
01:02Similarly, a solid particle can also be called bulky material.
01:10Bulky material can be solid or liquid.
01:14Endocytosis is a process in which cells ingest bulky material.
01:20Endocytosis is a process in which cells ingest bulky material by unfolding of cell membrane.
01:32Endocytosis is a process in which cells ingest bulky material by unfolding of cell membrane.
01:40What is the function of white blood cell in our body?
01:46When bacteria or viruses enter our body, white blood cells kill them.
01:56For example, we have a white blood cell and its outer covering is called cell membrane.
02:04For example, we have a white blood cell and its outer covering is called cell membrane.
02:10When these bacteria come in contact with the cell membrane, the cell membrane folds inward.
02:18When these bacteria come in contact with the cell membrane, the cell membrane folds inward.
02:24After that, these two ends join together.
02:30After that, these two ends join together.
02:34After that, these bulky materials enter the cytoplasm.
02:39After that, it separates itself from the membrane.
02:43After that, it separates itself from the membrane.
02:47And it is greeted with cells.
02:51And it is greeted with cells.
02:55So, this bacterial in the form of vesicle enters the cell membrane, sorry, inside the
03:05cell.
03:06And in the cytoplasm of the cell, lysosomes are present.
03:11This is a vesicle and digestive enzymes are present inside it, which break down things.
03:20So, here we have a bacteria.
03:23These are lysosomes.
03:25When they meet each other, as shown here, they are attached to each other.
03:32What you see in blue color, these are lysosomes.
03:36And in its center, you can see a structure.
03:40What is that?
03:42Bacteria.
03:43So, what do lysosomes do?
03:46They are attached to bacteria.
03:48After this, they release enzymes.
03:51And these enzymes break down the bacteria.
03:55After this, after breaking down, these things are taken out.
04:03Cytosomes, lysosomes.
04:05And the useful things are used by the cells.
04:09These are absorbed.
04:11And the waste material.
04:13During digestion, the waste material is formed.
04:17Cells close them in a membrane.
04:21They cover a membrane.
04:25After this, they come and join with the cell membrane wall.
04:32Okay, the waste material.
04:36The bacteria was absorbed by the cell in the form of a bulky material.
04:44Similarly, the waste material comes out of the cell in the form of a bulky material.
04:51So, the waste material is attached to the cell membrane wall.
04:58After this, the cell membrane wall opens up.
05:03After this, the waste material comes out of the cell.
05:10And with the bulky material, the membrane is attached to the cell membrane.
05:28So, we saw that in cellular endocytosis, the cells ingest the bulky material by enfolding the cell membrane.
05:38And when bacteria enter the cell, the process is called endocytosis.
05:47Endo means inside.
05:49Bacteria are entering the cell.
05:51After this, digestion occurs in the cell.
05:54And the process of the waste material coming out of the cell is called exocytosis.
06:01Entering the cell is called endocytosis.
06:04And the process of coming out of the cell is called exocytosis.
06:08So, these two are opposite to each other.
06:11After this, we see the types of endocytosis.
06:15There are two types of endocytosis.
06:17One is called phagocytosis.
06:19The other is called penocytosis.
06:21Phagocytosis means cellular eater.
06:23So, at the beginning of the lecture, we read that in endocytosis, the bulky material can be solid or liquid.
06:31Whenever the cell ingests a solid material, it is called phagocytosis.
06:40As shown here, the cell is ingesting the solid material.
06:46And penocytosis means cellular drinker.
06:50In penocytosis, the cell takes the liquid in the form of droplets.
06:57As shown here, the liquid is entering the cell in the form of droplets.
07:05In phagocytosis, solid material enters the cell.
07:09In penocytosis, liquid in the form of droplets enters the cell.
07:16Exocytosis means the process of excretion from the cell.
07:27So, through the process of endocytosis, the bulky material enters the cell.
07:33The waste material exits the cell through the process of exocytosis.