CASE UNCLOSED: October 29 2009
Arnold Clavio
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00:00Antonio Luna is known as a brave general and hero.
00:11But a century has passed, it is still a mystery why he was killed and who killed him.
00:21We know that it was a political assassination because the murder was not hidden from him.
00:25It was on the land, he was chased.
00:29So those troops, their case was not just insubordination, it was a political assassination.
00:40Does General Emilio Aguinaldo have anything to do with this?
00:44Like the belief of some?
00:47We should all keep an open mind given the different versions and figure out what really happened.
00:51Because I think one day, the truth will come out.
00:58Good evening, I am Arnold Clavio.
01:01The questions of yesterday will be discussed in this case, UNCLOSED.
01:22Where is this?
01:25Don't!
01:27Antonio Luna died a tragic death.
01:33Less than a year after he returned from Spain, he was killed by a Filipino soldier.
01:42There was a war going on between America and the Philippines.
01:45When Antonio Luna heard this, he went to Cavite to introduce himself to General Emilio Aguinaldo.
01:57He was appointed as Director of War and was appointed General in 1898.
02:02Antonio Luna was one of the people who were more prepared for things related to the military.
02:10Because he had military training.
02:12And he was in charge of a counter-offensive against the Americans.
02:19The Filipino soldiers became a big challenge for the former General of the Philippine Government.
02:25In a battle of the Philippines, the Philippine Army was in the lead.
02:30In a battle in Caloocan, Luna ordered the additional troops from the Capitan's soldiers under Captain Hanolino,
02:39or better known as Pedro Castilla.
02:45But Hanolino refused to help Luna's defeated troops.
02:55Stop!
02:56Stop!
02:58I don't need your help anymore!
03:01Stop!
03:03Help!
03:08They were hoping to get back the center of Manila.
03:13What was left behind, when they found out that Cavite Company didn't want to join the offensive,
03:22because the Commander of Cavite Company said that they will only accept orders from no one but General Aguinaldo.
03:29That's why he was angry.
03:33Because of his anger, Luna disarmed the soldiers who did not obey him as a punishment.
03:39You took away one of the orders from the Cavite Company.
03:45All of you are ordered not to be a member of the Cavite Company.
03:52But a week later, they were returned to the service of General Aguinaldo.
03:57Because of this, Luna wanted to strike back but General Aguinaldo did not accept it.
04:02Here, rumors spread that Luna planned to steal General Aguinaldo's leadership.
04:10General Aguinaldo's supporters are neocolonial.
04:16A lot of people are mad at him.
04:18And of course, if I were General Aguinaldo, I would be insecure.
04:24So maybe the rumors that Luna planned to steal General Aguinaldo's leadership are true.
04:38But Antonio Luna still carried out his duty despite the slander against him.
04:45As a representative of the supporters of General Aguinaldo, he sent a telegram to all of his allies.
04:51General Aguinaldo called his high officials.
04:56General Gregor Del Pilar also accompanied him.
05:00He did a loyalty check.
05:02To see who is really loyal to me.
05:07But Antonio Luna received a different telegram.
05:11He wanted to meet General Aguinaldo in a convent in Cabanatuan.
05:21To the right! To the right!
05:23To the left!
05:25The war of 1899 was at its peak against the Americans.
05:36Antonio Luna was shocked when he was able to meet an ally of General Aguinaldo in a convent in Cabanatuan.
05:44And one of his mortal enemies, Felipe Buencamino.
05:48Why are you here?
05:49I came from the prison.
05:51Where is the president?
05:53That's for the viewers to know.
05:55According to Buencamino, the United States only gave the Philippines autonomy while Antonio Luna wanted his own.
06:04The two continued to lose until a gunshot rang out.
06:11Luna quickly went down.
06:13And he was shocked when he saw Captain Hanolino.
06:19The soldier shot him after he was shot in a battle in Caloocan.
06:25Other soldiers also arrived along with the troops of CAWIT, who were actually the defenders of Luna.
06:31The soldiers of CAWIT Company were also involved.
06:36Some of them stabbed him, others shot him.
06:41And he received no less than 40 wounds on his body.
06:46Colonel Francisco Roman helped him in his IED camp.
06:51And he was the one who also killed him.
06:54He received no less than 40 wounds on his body.
07:05Colonel Francisco Roman helped him in his aid camp.
07:11He was also killed.
07:16It is said that Antonio Luna fell in the hands of Aguinaldo's accomplice.
07:19He did not expect that Aguinaldo's invitation would lead him to his death.
07:27Even though a century has passed, there are still many questions as to why and who killed Antonio Luna.
07:35We know that it was a political assassination because the murder was not hidden from him.
07:40It was in Lansangan where he was still being chased.
07:44So those troops were not only in subordination of their case. It was a political assassination.
07:51Emilio Aguinaldo admitted that he sent a telegram to Luna.
07:55He was the one who received the letter from Luna that he was going to visit Cabanatuan.
08:00He said that he did not send or sign anything.
08:05He just knew that General Luna wanted him to go to Cabanatuan without a date or purpose.
08:12Aguinaldo often thinks of people who want to kill Antonio Luna.
08:19But Luna's death was the beginning of Aguinaldo's downfall.
08:25If you are in a position, if you have the power, what will you choose?
08:30The person who has the ability, who has a pure heart for the country,
08:35or the people whom you think you can control?
08:41And who is loyal to you?
08:46And who can secure your position in society?
08:51Aguinaldo had a judgment call that he chose between the two.
08:57In my opinion, he chose the loyal ones.
09:03To be elected as president in wartime conditions,
09:08in conditions where the best leader should be chosen,
09:15I think an insecure person will never stand out.
09:19He won't come out, he won't shine, he won't lead.
09:22So, Antonio Luna, I think that's right.
09:27There are stories that he plans to oust Aguinaldo and eventually assume as a dictator.
09:38Antonio Luna is a brave general in the history of our country.
09:46He was born on October 29, 1866 in Binondo, Manila.
09:51He is the son of Joaquin Luna, a businessman from Ilocos,
09:56and of Laureana Novicio San Ignacio, from La Union.
10:00This house is the proof of the rich life of Antonio Luna's family.
10:06Here in this house, the personality of a hero was also captured.
10:13He is the son of seven brothers.
10:16His older brother is the famous painter, Juan Luna.
10:20Even when Antonio Luna was still young, he was already blessed with talent.
10:24He finished his Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo, Municipal of Manila, with the highest honor.
10:32I think that's the reason why Antonio Luna,
10:37in front of the achievements of his older brothers,
10:43became successful.
10:45So, from elementary school to high school, to college,
10:49he was very dedicated in his studies.
10:53He continued his studies and took a pharmacy course at the Collegio de Santo Tomas.
10:59Not long after, Antonio Luna went to Spain, where he graduated as a doctor in 1890.
11:07Antonio studied abroad, same as Juan, in their chosen fields.
11:12In fact, I believe it was Juan who taught Antonio Luna.
11:16In Spain.
11:18And you wouldn't believe it, he's a general, but he's a pharmacist by training.
11:24At that time, Juan Luna made a lot of money
11:29by selling his paintings.
11:35He also sold his books.
11:39By selling his paintings,
11:45he had a lot of commissions,
11:48and he helped his parents in educating Antonio.
11:57While in Spain, Antonio Luna became active in writing.
12:02Using the name Taga Ilog,
12:05he became part of the Pahayagang La Solidaridad.
12:09He served there for more than 2 years,
12:12and he wrote more than 30 essays.
12:18And it's good, right?
12:20Because he has a style,
12:23not only that, he also has a social conscience,
12:27and of course, it means changes.
12:31In 1894, when Antonio Luna returned to the Philippines,
12:35he became an expert in his profession as a doctor
12:37and appointed as the Director of the Municipal Laboratory of Manila.
12:43But when the meeting was announced in 1896,
12:47he was recognized as one of the people in the back,
12:51by the crowd.
12:53But Antonio,
12:55what he did, he cooked,
12:58and what happened, maybe,
13:01when he was hungry, he said,
13:03what came to his mind was exile.
13:19Antonio Luna was thrown back to Spain in 1897.
13:24But it didn't last long,
13:26he was also convicted of amnesty with the help of his brother, Juan.
13:31So what happened was,
13:34Juan Luna walked
13:38the exile of his brother, Antonio,
13:41because they had access to the king and the queen.
13:46And not only that,
13:48Pio Valenzuela,
13:50he was a top 3 in the assembly,
13:52proved that Antonio Luna was not a member of the assembly.
14:00While in Madrid, after being released,
14:03Antonio Luna got used to himself and studied military science and tactics.
14:11When he heard the news that the Americans were coming to Manila Bay,
14:15he did not hesitate to return to the Philippines
14:18to defend freedom.
14:20By December, in Barcelona, he was already released.
14:24And there, he decided to join the revolution.
14:30What he learned about military science and tactics,
14:37army organization, fortifications,
14:40he added to the library of Madrid and Barcelona,
14:47and he also went to France, Belgium, and Germany.
14:56He did not know that his return to the Philippines
14:58was already a sign of his end.
15:10In the assassination of Antonio Luna,
15:13the government of Aguinaldo did an investigation.
15:16But there was no punishment for the investigation.
15:20The soldiers only defended themselves
15:23against Antonio Luna.
15:25There was a conclusion
15:27that it was Luna's fault for killing Luna.
15:31Luna insulted the President of the Philippines
15:35and threatened to take his presidential guard by force.
15:46That's why they only defended themselves.
15:50There was no punishment for each company.
15:51That's one of the mysteries.
15:58We should all keep an open mind
16:00given the different versions
16:02and figure out what really happened.
16:04Because I think one day,
16:06the truth will come out.
16:09But I hope someday,
16:11eventually, we will be able to know what really happened.
16:17He also buried his dream of freedom for the Philippines.
16:26If Luna's vision comes true,
16:30I think the chance of the Filipinos
16:35to use their independence will be greater.
16:39Because during that time,
16:42America itself was divided.
16:43There were imperialists and anti-imperialists.
16:48Six months after the assassination of Antonio Luna,
16:52the strength of the Filipinos against the Americans was gradually weakening.
16:56Gregorio del Pilar was also killed in Tiradpas
16:59on December 1899.
17:02The effect of that was
17:04that many soldiers lost their will
17:07to fight for independence
17:10and many of them surrendered to the Americans.
17:15During that time,
17:17almost half of the Filipinos were killed
17:21because of the mass demoralization of the soldiers.
17:25Only a few remained loyal to the Tagalogs.
17:32Only two years passed
17:35when the American soldiers joined the leadership of the US General
17:38Frederick Funston,
17:41Emilio Aguinaldo, on March 23, 1901.
17:45Aguinaldo was also defeated in the United States.
17:50It is saddening to our history
17:53why the people who fought for independence
17:57were either killed, thrown away, or died early.
18:02Meanwhile, those who compromised the foreigners
18:05were still in their positions,
18:10and they were still being paid.
18:13They were still being praised,
18:16while the true national hero was on the sidelines.
18:19He was the first president.
18:21He declared our independence,
18:24gave our country's national anthem and national flag.
18:30That could easily qualify under the term heroic.
18:36As time went by,
18:39some were still not convinced that Aguinaldo had nothing to do
18:43with the death of Antonio Luna.
18:46We are used to this.
18:48Usually, our brethren are still in elementary school.
18:54The question is, did your grandfather really kill Bonifacio?
18:58As I always say,
18:59I am willing to risk the life of General Aguinaldo
19:06even if it is an official or personal chance.
19:13The death was sudden.
19:16It was actually a treacherous death.
19:20A death through the sword and through guns of also revolutionaries.
19:26We feel that it was not his time.
19:32He was at his peak, 33 years old.
19:35But also to say that this has happened over a hundred years ago
19:42is something that I think is past.
19:45And we have to move on.
19:48Antonio Luna and Emilio Aguinaldo were placed on the pedestal as heroes.
19:55It is not clear why he was killed by a Filipino soldier.
20:02Antonio Luna still left his love for the country
20:06and his readiness to serve it until his death.
20:18Until next Thursday, I am Arnold Clavio.
20:21Yesterday's questions will be answered here in Case Unclosed.