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00:00I love to eat red, juicy apples.
00:20They are sweet, crisp, and healthy.
00:25I just used a lot of words to describe this apple.
00:30Red, juicy, sweet, crisp, and healthy.
00:36Do you know what we call those words?
00:40We call those words adjectives.
00:44What is the job of an adjective?
00:50The job of an adjective is to describe a noun, and in this case, the noun is apple.
00:59Did you know that adjectives are very hard workers, and that in fact, they have more
01:07than one job?
01:09Today, we're going to talk about what those other jobs are, and by the time we're done,
01:17you're going to be an adjective expert.
01:26Limiting Adjective
01:30Take a look at this sentence.
01:33Don't eat those cookies.
01:35There is an adjective in this sentence.
01:39Can you find it?
01:41It's tricky, I know, but I promise it's in there.
01:46Someone doesn't want us to eat certain cookies.
01:51Are they telling us not to eat any cookies, ever?
01:55No, of course not.
01:58They're telling us not to eat those cookies.
02:04Even though the word those is not really describing the word cookies, it is an adjective because
02:12it's giving information about a noun, and in this case, cookies.
02:19The word those is telling us which cookies to limit our attention to.
02:27We call this a limiting adjective.
02:38If I show you this bowl of fruit and say, don't eat apples, is that the same as if I
02:46point to the apple with the worm and say, don't eat that apple?
02:54How are those two statements different?
02:58What did the word that do in the second statement?
03:03If I say, don't eat apples, you may think that I'm telling you to never eat another
03:11apple again.
03:13But if I say, don't eat that apple, well, you know that I'm telling you not to eat one
03:20specific apple.
03:23Phew, that's good because apples are delicious.
03:29The word that limited our attention to a specific apple.
03:39When we see words like every, that, those, some, and this before a noun, it's like we're
03:49looking through a pair of special glasses that limit our attention to a specific noun.
04:08Jenny and Becca are tall girls.
04:14What is the adjective in this sentence, and what is it describing?
04:24That's right.
04:26The adjective is tall, and it's describing Jenny and Becca.
04:33Remember, a noun is a person, place, or thing, so Jenny and Becca are our nouns.
04:43Let's take a look at another sentence.
04:51Becca is taller.
04:55What is the adjective in this sentence, and what is it describing?
05:05In this sentence, the word taller is an adjective, and it's describing Becca.
05:13At the same time, it is performing another job.
05:18By adding the suffix er, we've given the word taller a second job, and that is to compare
05:27two nouns.
05:29What is the word taller comparing?
05:39That's right.
05:40The word taller is comparing Jenny and Becca.
05:46Becca is taller than Jenny.
05:49We call an adjective like taller a comparative adjective.
06:02I'm going to write a sentence.
06:05Cheetahs and rabbits are fast.
06:10I just used the adjective fast to describe cheetahs and rabbits, but now I want to compare
06:19them.
06:21Cheetahs are dash than rabbits.
06:26How can we make the adjective fast a comparative adjective and complete the sentence?
06:38We can add the suffix er to the word fast and make it faster.
06:45Cheetahs are faster than rabbits.
06:49The word faster compares cheetahs and rabbits.
06:54Here, faster is a comparative adjective.
07:00Let's look at another sentence.
07:09That turtle is slower than the other turtles.
07:14Help me find the adjectives.
07:18First adjective is that.
07:21What kind of adjective is that?
07:27If you said limiting adjective, you're correct.
07:32The word that is limiting our attention to one specific turtle.
07:38What other adjectives do you see?
07:44Did you say slower?
07:48Yes, slower is an adjective because it describes that turtle.
07:55What kind of adjective is slower?
07:59Yes, slower is a comparative adjective.
08:04What is slower comparing?
08:08The word slower is comparing that turtle to the other turtles.
08:15Can you find one more adjective?
08:18It's a tricky one, so take your time.
08:26If you said other, you're correct.
08:30Nice job!
08:32What kind of adjective is other?
08:36A limiting adjective.
08:39Think about how much information these adjectives gave us.
08:44Close your eyes and picture this sentence while I read it aloud.
08:49That turtle is slower than the other turtles.
08:54Do you see how the words that, slower, and other helped us
09:00to understand what the author of the sentence wants us to know?
09:06Superlative adjective.
09:16Like I said, adjectives are very busy.
09:20But there is still one more job for them that we're going to talk about today.
09:26Let's read this sentence.
09:29John, Maggie, and Liz are all silly in gym class,
09:35but Maggie is the silliest.
09:38Let's first take a look at our adjectives and underline them.
09:43Silly is the one.
09:46Who is silly?
09:48John, Maggie, and Liz are silly.
09:53Let's circle their names.
09:57Remember, adjectives describe nouns.
10:01What are our nouns in this sentence?
10:06John, Maggie, and Liz.
10:09We have three nouns.
10:12OK, are there any other adjectives?
10:17Yes, silliest is an adjective.
10:22What kind of adjective is silliest?
10:27Is it comparative?
10:29Not really.
10:31It is not comparing two nouns.
10:34Think about what we know about Maggie.
10:38Is she just sillier than John or just sillier than Liz?
10:45No, she is sillier than all of them because she is the silliest.
10:52Maggie is the most silly.
10:56Silliest is called a superlative adjective.
11:00Superlative is a tricky word, but think of it this way.
11:06The word super is in superlative.
11:10That means that something is super or the most of whatever
11:16adjective we're using.
11:19When you add the EST suffix to an adjective,
11:24the noun being described becomes the most of whatever
11:29adjective is being used to describe it.
11:40Think of it like this.
11:42How can we use our adjectives to correctly describe these trees?
11:48Help me to decide where they go.
11:52The word tallest should go to the tree that is most tall.
11:58We can use the word taller for this tree
12:02because it is taller than one tree,
12:05but it is not taller than all of the trees.
12:10The word tall can be used to describe our last tree
12:15because although it is tall, it is not
12:19taller than either of the other two trees.
12:29Today, we have learned about three jobs
12:32that adjectives can do besides just describing a noun.
12:37Limiting adjectives limit our attention to one specific noun.
12:46For example, make your bed every morning.
12:52The word every is important because it tells us
12:57not to limit our attention to just Sundays or Wednesdays.
13:01You must make your bed every morning.
13:08A comparative adjective compares two or more nouns.
13:13For example, my brother gets angry when I borrow his toys,
13:22but he gets angrier when I break them.
13:26The word angrier helps to compare
13:30how the author's brother feels in two different situations.
13:37The superlative adjective is used
13:40to describe a noun that is the most of whatever adjective
13:45is being used to describe it.
13:50John, Maggie, and Liz are all silly in gym class,
13:56but Maggie is the silliest.
13:59If you're describing something like the silliest, the grossest,
14:05or the biggest, the superlative adjective is your guy.