How Torque Wrench Works? Working Principle of Torque Wrench Explained with 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00This is a ratcheting click-type torque wrench.

00:04It's the most commonly used torque wrench available.

00:07In this video, we'll take a close look at the mechanism inside to see how it works.

00:12Before we jump into the inner workings of a torque wrench, let's first understand how

00:16it is used and what are the key components involved.

00:19Let's get started.

00:21Torque is a rotational force.

00:23It is usually measured in foot-pounds, inch-pounds or newton-meters.

00:28A torque wrench is a specialized socket wrench tool designed to tighten fasteners to a predetermined

00:34torque value, ensuring consistency and preventing over- or under-tightening of the fasteners,

00:40which can lead to issues like stripped threads or loosening.

00:44Using a torque wrench to loosen fasteners can potentially damage the tool and affect

00:49its accuracy.

00:51Torque wrenches have a maximum torque rating, and using them to loosen fasteners might subject

00:56them to forces beyond their intended capacity.

00:59As you are tightening a fastener, you'll hear and feel a distinct click when the preset

01:04torque level is reached.

01:07This lets you know it's time to stop applying force, preventing over-tightening.

01:12The handle is where you grip the wrench during use, and it's also used for setting the

01:17desired amount of torque you want to apply to a fastener.

01:21The torque main scale is engraved on the wrench body, with more precise subdivision

01:26markings on the handle for micro-adjustments.

01:29There's a spring-loaded locking ring used to secure the set torque value, preventing

01:35accidental changes during use.

01:38Torque setting can be adjusted by first depressing the locking ring and turning the handle to

01:43the desired torque setting.

01:45Turning the handle clockwise will increase the torque value, and turning it counter-clockwise

01:50will lower it.

01:52When the desired torque level is set, the locking ring can be released to lock the handle.

01:58If for example you want to set the torque value to 32 inch-pounds, turn the handle until

02:03its top edge is even with the horizontal 30 mark on the main scale and the zero mark on

02:09the handle lines up with the vertical line of the main scale.

02:14Then turn the handle clockwise until the 2 mark lines up with the vertical line of the

02:18main scale.

02:19The torque value is now set to 32 inch-pounds.

02:25This is the ratchet head.

02:26It allows the wrench to turn the fastener in one direction while preventing rotation

02:31in the opposite direction, without having to lift and reposition the wrench for every

02:36turn.

02:37The direction of rotation can be changed by moving the selector level on the back of the

02:42ratchet head.

02:44This is the square drive.

02:45This is where interchangeable sockets that correspond to the fastener size are mounted.

02:51The most common drive sizes available are 1 quarter, 3 eighths, and half inch.

02:56The sockets are held in place by a ball detent mechanism.

03:00In this example, the ball is spring loaded.

03:02Let's take a look at the ratchet head mechanism.

03:05It typically consists of a gear and a set of pawls.

03:08The square drive is attached to the gear that can rotate in both directions, and the pawls

03:14are the two small spring-loaded levers opposite of each other that engage with the gear teeth.

03:19Only one pawl can engage with the gear at any given time.

03:23The lever controls which pawl is in contact with the gear, determining the direction in

03:28which the ratchet mechanism operates.

03:31When engaged, each pawl wedges itself against the gear teeth, preventing rotation in one

03:37direction, but the pawl can slide over the teeth in the other direction creating the

03:42clicking sound you hear when using the ratchet.

03:46Now let's take a closer look at the click mechanism inside the torque wrench.

03:50Right below the ratchet head mechanism, there is a pin that holds the head assembly to the

03:54wrench body which is a hollow metal tube.

03:57The pin allows the head assembly to pivot inside the wrench body.

04:02At the end of the head assembly, there's a slot where a pivot block makes contact.

04:07On the other side of the pivot block is a spacer with another slot also in contact with

04:11it.

04:13The spacer and pivot block are compressed by a large adjustable spring.

04:17Turning the handle changes the tension on the spring via a screw thread.

04:22This compression stores potential energy in the spring.

04:26When the preset torque amount is reached, the force generated by the spring on the pivot

04:30block is overcome.

04:32The energy stored in the system is released, causing the block to momentarily disengage

04:37and tilt.

04:39Simultaneously, the end of the ratchet head assembly hits the inside wall of the wrench

04:43body, producing the audible click sound.

04:47After the click, nothing prevents the user from adding additional torque.

04:51Consequently, click torque wrenches are not 100% safe from over-torquing.

04:56It is recommended to set the torque wrench to its slowest level before storing the torque

05:00wrench for a long period of time.

05:03This releases the tension on the internal spring and prevents creep, which is a slow

05:07deformation when subjected to persistent mechanical stress.

05:12But how do you keep the handle locked during use?

05:14There's a series of grooves on the wrench body along the travel path of the handle.

05:20Hidden under the locking ring, there are 5 holes along the circumference of the handle

05:24body.

05:25There's a ball captured in each hole.

05:27The locking ring is maintained in the locked position by a spring.

05:31When the locking ring is at the locked position, the balls get forced into the grooves they

05:36are aligned with, keeping the handle from rotating.

05:40When you pull the lock ring, there's an additional clearance above the balls and they are free

05:44to disengage and slide over the grooves, allowing rotation of the handle.

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