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00:00:00Listen to me, please.
00:00:29You're like me, a Homo sapiens, a wise human.
00:00:35Life, a miracle in the universe, appeared around 4 billion years ago, and we humans
00:00:43only 200,000 years ago.
00:00:45Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance that is so essential to life on Earth.
00:00:52Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, and decide what you want to
00:00:58do with it.
00:01:26These are traces of our origins.
00:01:29At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire, formed in the wake of its
00:01:35star, the Sun.
00:01:37A cloud of agglutinated dust particles, similar to so many similar clusters in the universe.
00:01:45Yet this was where the miracle of life occurred.
00:02:32Today, life, our life, is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings that have
00:02:59inhabited one another on Earth over nearly 4 billion years.
00:03:04And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes.
00:03:09They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, molten rock surging from
00:03:15the depths, solidifying, cracking, blistering, or spreading in a thin crust, before falling
00:03:22dormant for a time.
00:03:38These wreaths of smoke, curling from the bowels of the Earth, bear witness to the Earth's
00:03:44original atmosphere, an atmosphere devoid of oxygen.
00:03:50A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, full of carbon dioxide.
00:03:59A furnace.
00:04:11But the Earth had an exceptional future, offered to it by water, at the right distance from
00:04:18the Sun, not too far, not too near.
00:04:21The Earth was able to conserve water in liquid form.
00:04:27Water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours on Earth, and rivers appeared.
00:04:46The rivers shaped the surface of the Earth, cutting their channels, furrowing out valleys.
00:04:53They ran toward the lowest places on the globe to form the oceans.
00:04:59They tore minerals from the rocks, and gradually the freshwater of the oceans became heavy
00:05:05with salt.
00:05:15Water is a vital liquid.
00:05:17It irrigated these sterile expanses.
00:05:20The paths it traced are like the veins of a body, the branches of a tree, the vessels
00:05:25of the sap that it brought to the Earth.
00:05:52Nearly four billion years later, somewhere on Earth can still be found these works of
00:06:13art left by the volcano's ash, mixed with water from Iceland's glaciers.
00:06:35There they are, matter and water, water and matter, soft and hard combined.
00:06:42The crucial alliance shared by every life form on our planet.
00:07:02Minerals and metals are even older than the Earth.
00:07:05They are stardust.
00:07:07They provide the Earth's colors.
00:07:17Red from iron, black from carbon, blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.
00:07:37Where do we come from?
00:07:53Where did life first spark into being?
00:07:56A miracle of time, primitive life forms still exist in the globe's hot springs.
00:08:04They give them their colors.
00:08:08They're called archaeobacteria.
00:08:17They all feed off the Earth's heat, all except the cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.
00:08:28They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun to capture its energy.
00:08:37They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday's and today's plant species.
00:08:44These tiny bacteria and their billions of descendants changed the destiny of our planet.
00:08:52They transformed its atmosphere.
00:09:00What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere?
00:09:04It's still here, imprisoned in the Earth's crust.
00:09:08We can read this chapter of the Earth's history nowhere better than on the walls of Colorado's
00:09:13Grand Canyon.
00:09:14They reveal nearly two billion years of the Earth's history.
00:09:19Once upon a time, the Grand Canyon was a sea inhabited by microorganisms.
00:09:24They grew their shells by tapping into carbon from the atmosphere, dissolved in the ocean.
00:09:31When they died, the shells sank and accumulated on the seabed.
00:09:38These strata are the product of those billions and billions of shells.
00:09:52Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere and other life forms could develop.
00:10:12It is life that altered the atmosphere.
00:10:16Past life fed off the sun's energy, which enabled it to break apart the water molecule
00:10:21and take the oxygen.
00:10:24And oxygen filled the air.
00:10:37The Earth's water cycle is a process of constant renewal.
00:10:42Water falls, water vapor, clouds, rain, springs, rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.
00:10:53The cycle is never broken.
00:10:56There's always the same quantity of water on Earth.
00:10:59All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water.
00:11:04The astonishing matter that is water, one of the most unstable of all.
00:11:11It takes a liquid form as running water, gaseous as vapor, or solid as ice.
00:11:27In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter contain the traces of the forces
00:11:33that water deploys when it freezes.
00:11:37Heavier than water, the ice floats rather than sinking to the bottom.
00:11:41It forms a protective mantle against the cold, under which life can go on.
00:12:07The engine of life is linkage.
00:12:33Everything is linked.
00:12:35Everything is self-sufficient.
00:12:38Water and air are inseparable, united in life and for our life on Earth.
00:12:47Thus, clouds form over the oceans and bring rain to the land masses, whose rivers carry
00:12:56water back to the oceans.
00:12:58Sharing is everything.
00:13:09The green expanse peeking through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air.
00:13:15Seventy percent of this gas, without which our lungs cannot function, comes from the
00:13:21algae that tint the surface of the oceans.
00:13:26Our Earth relies on a balance in which every being has a role to play and exists only through
00:13:33the existence of another being, a subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered.
00:13:41Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells.
00:13:47The Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Australia, stretches over 350,000 square kilometers and
00:13:55is home to 1,500 species of fish, 4,000 species of mollusks, and 400 species of coral.
00:14:04The equilibrium of every ocean depends on these corals.
00:14:30The Earth counts time, in billions of years.
00:14:35It took more than four billion years for it to make trees.
00:14:42In the chain of species, trees are a pinnacle, a perfect living sculpture.
00:14:50Trees defy gravity.
00:14:51They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky.
00:14:58They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage.
00:15:23They have inherited from those minuscule cyanobacteria the power to capture light's
00:15:29energy.
00:15:30They store it and feed off it, turning it into wood and leaves, which then decompose
00:15:38into a mixture of water, mineral, vegetable, and living matter.
00:15:45And so, gradually, the soils that are indispensable to life are formed.
00:16:00Soils are the factory of biodiversity.
00:16:04They are a world of incessant activity where microorganisms feed, dig, aerate, and transform.
00:16:12They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked.
00:16:38What do we know about life on Earth?
00:16:41How many species are we aware of?
00:16:43A tenth of them?
00:16:45A hundredth, perhaps?
00:16:47What do we know about the bonds that link them?
00:16:52The Earth is a miracle.
00:16:54Life remains a mystery.
00:17:16Species of animals form, united by customs and rituals that survive today.
00:17:43Some adapt to the nature of their pasture, and their pasture adapts to them.
00:17:49And both gain.
00:17:51The animal sates its hunger, and the tree can blossom again.
00:18:37In the great adventure of life on Earth, every species has a role to play.
00:18:42Every species has its place.
00:18:46None is futile or harmful.
00:18:49They all balance out.
00:19:07And that's where you, Homo sapiens, wise human, enter the story.
00:19:16You benefit from a fabulous four-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth.
00:19:30You are only 200,000 years old, but you have changed the face of the world.
00:19:38Despite your vulnerability, you have taken possession of every habitat
00:19:43and conquered swaths of territory like no other species before you.
00:20:01After 180,000 nomadic years, and thanks to a more clement climate, humans settled down.
00:20:09They no longer depended on hunting for survival.
00:20:12They chose to live in wet environments that abounded in fish, game, and wild plants.
00:20:18There where land, water, and life combine.
00:20:31Human genius inspired them to build canoes.
00:20:36An invention that opened up new horizons and turned humans into navigators.
00:21:06Even today, the majority of humankind lives on the continent's coastlines
00:21:12or the banks of rivers and lakes.
00:21:52The first towns grew up less than 600 years ago.
00:21:58It was a considerable leap in human history.
00:22:02Why towns?
00:22:03Because they allowed humans to defend themselves more easily.
00:22:07They became social beings, meeting and sharing knowledge and crafts,
00:22:12blending their similarities and differences in a word.
00:22:16They became civilized.
00:22:19They became civilized.
00:22:49But the only energy at their disposal was provided by nature
00:22:55and the strength of their bodies.
00:22:59It was the story of humankind for thousands of years.
00:23:03It still is for one reason.
00:23:07It is the story of humanity.
00:23:11It was the story of humankind for thousands of years.
00:23:17It still is for one person in four,
00:23:21over one and a half billion human beings,
00:23:25more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations.
00:23:41Taking from the Earth only the strictly necessary,
00:23:45for a long time, the relationship between humans and the planet
00:23:49was evenly balanced.
00:23:51For a long time, the economy seemed like a natural and equitable alliance.
00:24:11But life expectancy is short,
00:24:15and hard labor takes its toll.
00:24:19The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily life.
00:24:23Education is a rare privilege.
00:24:27Children are a family's only asset,
00:24:31as long as every extra pair of hands
00:24:35is a necessary contribution to its subsistence.
00:24:41The Earth feeds people,
00:24:45clothes them,
00:24:49and provides for their daily needs.
00:24:53Everything comes from the Earth.
00:25:01Towns change humanity's nature,
00:25:05as well as its destiny.
00:25:09A farmer becomes a craftsman, trader, or peddler.
00:25:17What the Earth gives the farmer,
00:25:21the city dweller buys, sells, or barters.
00:25:25Goods change hands, along with ideas.
00:25:39Humanity's genius
00:25:43is to have always had a sense of its weakness.
00:25:47Humans tried to extend the frontiers of their territory,
00:25:51but they knew their limits.
00:25:55The physical energy and strength with which nature had not endowed them
00:25:59was found in the animals they domesticated to serve them.
00:26:10But how can you conquer the world
00:26:14on an empty stomach?
00:26:18The invention of agriculture transformed the future
00:26:22of the wild animals scavenging for food
00:26:26that were humankind.
00:26:30Agriculture turned their history on end.
00:26:34Agriculture was their future.
00:26:38Agriculture was their first great revolution.
00:26:42Developed barely 8,000 to 10,000 years ago,
00:26:46it changed their relationship to nature.
00:26:56It brought an end to the uncertainty of hunting and gathering.
00:27:00It resulted in the first surpluses
00:27:04for all civilizations.
00:27:10For their agriculture,
00:27:14humans harnessed the energy of animal species and plant life,
00:27:18from which they at last extracted the profits.
00:27:22The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded.
00:27:26They learned to adapt the grains that are the yeast of life
00:27:30They learned to increase the yield
00:27:34and multiply the number of varieties.
00:27:44Like every species on Earth,
00:27:48the principal daily concern of all humans
00:27:52is to feed themselves and their family.
00:27:56As land becomes generous and water becomes scarce,
00:28:00humans deploy prodigious efforts
00:28:04to mark a few arid acres with the imprint of their labor.
00:28:26They fill the land with the patience and devotion that the Earth demands
00:28:30in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over.
00:28:56Agriculture
00:29:00is still the world's most widespread occupation.
00:29:04Half of humankind tills the soil,
00:29:08over three-quarters of them by hand.
00:29:12Agriculture is like a tradition handed down from generation to generation
00:29:16in sweat, graft, and toil,
00:29:20because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival.
00:29:24But after relying on muscle power for so long,
00:29:28humankind found a way to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth.
00:29:36These flames are also from plants,
00:29:40a pocket of sunlight, pure energy,
00:29:44the energy of the sun, captured over millions of years by millions of plants
00:29:48more than a hundred million years ago.
00:29:52Yes, and above all, it's oil.
00:30:22And this pocket of sunlight
00:30:26freed humans from their toil on the land.
00:30:32With oil began the era of humans
00:30:36who break free of the shackles of time.
00:30:40With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts,
00:30:44and in 50 years, in a single lifetime,
00:30:48we have radically changed than by all previous generations of humanity.
00:30:56Faster and faster, in the last 60 years,
00:31:00the Earth's population has almost tripled,
00:31:04and over 2 billion people have moved to the cities.
00:31:12Faster and faster, Shenzhen in China,
00:31:16with its skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants,
00:31:20was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago.
00:31:28Faster and faster, in Shanghai,
00:31:323,000 towers and skyscrapers have been built in 20 years.
00:31:36Hundreds more are under construction.
00:31:40Today, over half of the world's 7 billion inhabitants live in cities.
00:31:56New York, the world's first megalopolis,
00:32:00is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy
00:32:04the Earth supplies to human genius.
00:32:08The manpower of millions of immigrants,
00:32:12the energy of coal, the unbridled power of oil.
00:32:16Electricity resulted in the invention of elevators,
00:32:20which in turn permitted the invention of skyscrapers.
00:32:24New York ranks as the 16th largest economy in the world.
00:32:32America was the first to discover, exploit,
00:32:36and harness the phenomenal revolutionary power of black gold.
00:32:40With its help, a country of farmers
00:32:44became a country of agricultural industrialists.
00:32:48Machines replaced men.
00:32:52A liter of oil generates as much energy
00:32:56as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours.
00:33:00But worldwide, only 3% of farmers have use of a tractor.
00:33:04Nonetheless, their output dominates the planet.
00:33:08In the United States, only 3 million farmers are left.
00:33:12They produce enough grain to feed 2 billion people.
00:33:22But most of that grain is not used to feed people.
00:33:26Here, and in all other industrialized nations,
00:33:30it's turned into livestock feed or biofuels.
00:33:42The pocket of sunshine's energy
00:33:46chased away the specter of drought that stalked farmland.
00:33:50No spring escapes the demands of agriculture,
00:33:54which accounts for 70% of humanity's water consumption.
00:34:00Everything is linked.
00:34:04The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming
00:34:08encouraged the development of parasites.
00:34:12Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution, exterminated them.
00:34:16Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory.
00:34:20The biggest headache now
00:34:24was what to do with the surpluses engendered by modern agriculture.
00:34:31But toxic pesticides seeped into the air,
00:34:35soil, plants, animals, rivers, and oceans.
00:34:39They penetrated the heart of cells similar to the mother cell
00:34:43that is shared by all forms of life.
00:34:47Are they harmful to the humans that they released from hunger?
00:34:51These farmers, in their yellow protective suits,
00:34:55probably have a good idea.
00:35:13The new agriculture abolished the dependence on soils and seasons.
00:35:18Fertilizers produced unprecedented results
00:35:22on plots of land thus far ignored.
00:35:26Crops adapted to soils and climates
00:35:30gave way to the most productive varieties and the easiest to transport.
00:35:34And so, in the last century,
00:35:38three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers over 30 years ago
00:35:42have been wiped out.
00:35:46As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top.
00:35:50The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain are Europe's vegetable garden.
00:35:54A city of uniformly sized vegetables
00:35:58waits every day for the hundreds of trucks
00:36:02that will take them to the continent's supermarkets.
00:36:06The more a country develops,
00:36:10the more meat its inhabitants consume.
00:36:14How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied
00:36:18without recourse to concentration camp-style cattle farms?
00:36:22Faster and faster.
00:36:26Like the life cycle of livestock which may never see a meadow,
00:36:30manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine.
00:36:34In these vast food lots,
00:36:38trampled by millions of cattle,
00:36:42not a blade of grass grows.
00:36:46A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country
00:36:50brings in tons of grain, soy meal, and protein-rich granules
00:36:54that will become tons of meat.
00:36:58The rest of the world's food production
00:37:02is made up of millions of tons of meat.
00:37:06The result is that it takes 100 liters of water
00:37:10to produce 1 kilogram of potatoes,
00:37:144,000 for 1 kilo of rice,
00:37:18and 13,000 for 1 kilo of beef.
00:37:22Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport.
00:37:32Our agriculture has become oil-powered.
00:37:36It feeds twice as many humans on Earth,
00:37:40but has replaced diversity with standardization.
00:37:44It has offered many of us comforts we could only dream of,
00:37:48but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil.
00:37:52This is the new measure of time.
00:37:56Our world's clock now beats to the rhythm
00:38:00of tiny, fatigable machines tapping into the pocket of sunlight.
00:38:04Their regularity reassures us.
00:38:08The tiniest hiccup throws us into disarray.
00:38:12The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes
00:38:16of our hopes and illusions.
00:38:20The same hopes and illusions that proliferate along with our needs,
00:38:24increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy.
00:38:28The idea of cheap oil is imminent, but we refuse to believe it.
00:38:36For many of us,
00:38:40the American dream is embodied by a legendary name,
00:38:44Los Angeles.
00:38:48In this city that stretches over 100 kilometers,
00:38:52the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants.
00:38:58Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night.
00:39:28The days seem to be
00:39:32no more than the pale reflection
00:39:36of nights that turn the city
00:39:40into a starry sky.
00:39:44Faster and faster,
00:39:48distances are no longer counted in miles,
00:39:52but in seconds.
00:39:56Distances are no longer counted in miles, but in minutes.
00:40:00The automobile shapes new suburbs where every home is a castle,
00:40:04a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers,
00:40:08and where neat rows of houses huddle around dead-end streets.
00:40:12The model of a lucky few countries has become a universal dream
00:40:16preached by televisions all over the world.
00:40:20Even here in Beijing,
00:40:24it is cloned, copied,
00:40:28and reproduced in these formatted houses
00:40:32that have wiped pagodas off the map.
00:40:36The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress.
00:40:40If this model were followed by every society,
00:40:44the planet wouldn't have 900 million vehicles
00:40:48as it does today, but 5 billion.
00:40:52If this model were followed by every society...
00:40:55...the planet wouldn't have 900 million vehicles as it does today...
00:41:00...but 5 billion.
00:41:10Faster and faster, the more the world develops...
00:41:13...the greater its thirst for energy.
00:41:16Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the earth...
00:41:21...the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation.
00:41:25Minerals.
00:41:52In the next 20 years, more ore will be extracted from the earth...
00:41:56...than in the whole of humanity's history.
00:42:00As a privilege of power...
00:42:02...80% of this mineral wealth...
00:42:05...is consumed by 20% of the world's population.
00:42:21Before the end of this century...
00:42:29...excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet's reserves.
00:42:44Faster and faster, shipyards churn out oil tankers...
00:42:48...container ships and gas tankers...
00:42:50...to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production.
00:42:59Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers...
00:43:02...from the country of production to the country of consumption.
00:43:07Since 1950, the volume of international trade...
00:43:10...has increased 20 times over.
00:43:1990% of trade goes by sea.
00:43:23500 million containers are transported every year...
00:43:28...headed for the world's major hubs of consumption...
00:43:31...such as Dubai.
00:43:35Dubai is one of the biggest construction sites in the world...
00:43:39...a country where the impossible becomes possible...
00:43:42...building artisanal buildings...
00:43:44...a country where the impossible becomes possible...
00:43:47...building artificial islands in the sea, for example.
00:44:15Dubai has few natural resources...
00:44:18...but with the money from oil...
00:44:20...it can bring millions of tons of material and people...
00:44:23...from all over the world.
00:44:25It can build forests of skyscrapers...
00:44:27...each one taller than the last...
00:44:29...or even a ski slope in the middle of the desert.
00:44:33Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food.
00:44:37Dubai has no water...
00:44:39...but it can produce food.
00:44:42Dubai has no water...
00:44:44...but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy...
00:44:47...to desalinate seawater...
00:44:49...and build the highest skyscrapers in the world.
00:44:52Dubai has endless sun, but no solar panels.
00:44:56It is the city of more is more...
00:44:59...where the wildest dreams become reality.
00:45:02Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model...
00:45:05...with its 800-meter-high totem to total modernity...
00:45:09...that never fails to amaze the world.
00:45:12Excessive? Perhaps.
00:45:15Dubai appears to have made its choice.
00:45:18It is like the new beacon for all the world's money.
00:45:34Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai...
00:45:37...although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai.
00:45:43The city merely follows the model of wealthy nations.
00:45:46We haven't understood that we're depleting what nature provides.
00:46:07Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:10Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:13Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:16Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:19Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:22Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:25Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:28Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:31Dubai is the world's second-largest city.
00:46:35What do we know of the marine world...
00:46:37...of which we see only the surface...
00:46:39...and which covers three-quarters of the planet?
00:46:42The ocean depths remain a secret.
00:46:45They contain thousands of species...
00:46:47...whose existence remains a mystery to us.
00:47:05Since 1950...
00:47:07...fishing catches have increased five-fold...
00:47:10...from 18 to 100 million metric tons a year.
00:47:15Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans.
00:47:27Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, depleted...
00:47:31...or in danger of being so.
00:48:02Most large fish have been fished out of existence...
00:48:05...since they have no time to reproduce.
00:48:08We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us.
00:48:32On the coastlines...
00:48:34...signs of the exhaustion of stocks abound.
00:48:38First sight.
00:48:39Colonies of sea mammals are getting smaller.
00:48:42Made vulnerable by urbanization of the coasts and pollution...
00:48:46...they now face a new threat.
00:48:48Famine.
00:48:49In their unequal battle against industrial fishing fleets...
00:48:53...they can't find enough fish to feed their young.
00:48:57Second sight.
00:48:59Seabirds must fly ever greater distances to find food.
00:49:04At the current rate...
00:49:06...all fish stocks are threatened with exhaustion.
00:49:27In Dakar, traditional net fishing boomed in the years of plenty.
00:49:32But today, fish stocks are dwindling.
00:49:56Fish is the staple diet of one in five humans.
00:50:27Can we envision the inconceivable?
00:50:31Abandoned boats.
00:50:33Seas devoid of fish.
00:50:57We have forgotten that resources are scarce.
00:51:01500 million humans live in the world's desert lands...
00:51:05...more than the combined population of Europe.
00:51:08They know the value of water.
00:51:10They know how to use it sparingly.
00:51:13Here, they depend on wells replenished by fossil water...
00:51:17...which accumulated underground in the days when it rained...
00:51:21...so that it could be reused.
00:51:24Fossil water also enables crops to be grown in the desert...
00:51:28...to provide food for local populations.
00:51:31The field's circular shape derives from the pipes that irrigate them...
00:51:36...around a central pivot.
00:51:42The desert is a place of great importance.
00:51:45It's a place of great importance...
00:51:49But there is a heavy price to pay.
00:51:51Fossil water is a non-renewable resource.
00:52:19In Saudi Arabia...
00:52:21...the dream of industrial farming in the desert has faded...
00:52:25...as if on a parchment map.
00:52:27The light spots on this patchwork show abandoned plots.
00:52:31The irrigation equipment is still there.
00:52:34The energy to pump water also.
00:52:36But the fossil water reserves are severely depleted.
00:52:49Israel turned the desert into arable land.
00:52:52Even though these hothouses are now irrigated drop by drop...
00:52:56...water consumption continues to increase along with exports.
00:53:09The once mighty River Jordan is now just a trickle.
00:53:12Its water has flown to superpowers...
00:53:15...in crates of fruit and vegetables.
00:53:46The Jordan's fate is not unique.
00:53:48Across the planet, one major river in ten...
00:53:52...no longer flows into the sea for several months of the year.
00:54:16The Dead Sea derives its name from its incredibly high salinity...
00:54:20...that makes all life impossible.
00:54:22Deprived of the Jordan's water...
00:54:24...its level goes down by over one meter per year.
00:54:28Its salinity is increasing.
00:54:30Evaporation due to the heat...
00:54:32...produces these fine islands of salt evaporates...
00:54:36...beautiful but sterile.
00:54:46Udaipur, Rajasthan
00:55:04In Rajasthan, India, Udaipur is a miracle of water.
00:55:09The city was made possible by a system of dams and channels...
00:55:13...that created an artificial lake.
00:55:16For its architects...
00:55:18...was water so precious that they dedicated a palace to it?
00:55:44India risks being the country that suffers most...
00:55:47...from the lack of water in the coming century.
00:55:50Massive irrigation has fed the growing population.
00:55:54And in the last 50 years...
00:55:56...21 million wells have been dug.
00:56:00The victory over famine has a downside, however.
00:56:04In many parts of the country...
00:56:06...the drill has to sink ever deeper to hit water.
00:56:10In western India, 30% of wells have been abandoned.
00:56:20The underground aquifers are drying out.
00:56:41Vast reservoirs will catch the monsoon rains...
00:56:44...to replenish the aquifers.
00:56:51In dry season, women from local villages...
00:56:54...dig them with their bare hands.
00:57:10It's not easy.
00:57:27Thousands of kilometers away...
00:57:29...800 to 1,000 liters of water are consumed per person, per day.
00:57:35Las Vegas was built out of the desert.
00:57:38Thousands of people live there.
00:57:40Thousands more arrive every month.
00:57:43The inhabitants of Las Vegas...
00:57:45...are among the biggest consumers of water in the world.
00:57:55Palm Springs is another desert city...
00:57:57...with tropical vegetation and lush golf courses.
00:58:09How long can this mirage continue to prosper?
00:58:22The earth cannot keep up.
00:58:25The Colorado River, which brings water to these cities...
00:58:28...is one of those rivers that no longer reaches the sea.
00:58:33Even more alarmingly, its flow is diminishing at source.
00:58:37Water levels in the catchment lakes along its course...
00:58:41...are plummeting.
00:58:44Lake Powell took 17 years to reach high water mark.
00:58:48Its level is now half of that.
00:58:52Water shortages could affect nearly 2 billion people...
00:58:56...before 2020.
00:58:59Yet water is still abundant in unspoiled regions of the planet.
00:59:06The wetlands.
00:59:20These wetlands are crucial to all life on earth.
00:59:25They represent 6% of the planet.
00:59:30Marshes are sponges that regulate the flow of water.
00:59:37They absorb it in the wet season and release it in the dry season.
00:59:55The water runs off the mountain peaks...
00:59:57...carrying with it the seeds of the regions it flows through.
01:00:01This process gives birth to unique landscapes...
01:00:04...where the diversity of species is unequaled in its richness.
01:00:13Under the calm water lies a veritable factory...
01:00:17...for the production of life.
01:00:21Under the calm water lies a veritable factory...
01:00:24...where this ultimately linked richness and diversity...
01:00:28...patiently filters the water and digests all the pollution.
01:00:32Marshes are indispensable environments...
01:00:35...for the regeneration and purification of water.
01:00:51These wetlands were always seen as unhealthy expanses...
01:00:55...unfit for human habitation.
01:00:58In our race to conquer more land...
01:01:00...we have reclaimed them as pasture for our livestock...
01:01:04...or as land for agriculture or building.
01:01:21In the last century...
01:01:23...half of the world's marshes were drained.
01:01:26We know neither their richness nor their role.
01:01:35All living matter is linked.
01:01:40Water, air, soil...
01:01:43...and all living things.
01:01:51Trees.
01:01:52The world's magic is right in front of our eyes.
01:02:21Trees breathe groundwater into the atmosphere as light mist.
01:02:26They form a canopy that alleviates the impact of heavy rains...
01:02:30...and protects the soil from erosion.
01:02:37The forests provide the humidity that is necessary for life.
01:02:41They are the mother and the father of life.
01:02:50And father of rain.
01:02:57The forests store carbon.
01:03:00They contain more than all the Earth's atmosphere.
01:03:04They are the cornerstone of the climactic balance...
01:03:07...on which we all depend.
01:03:11Trees provide a habitat for three-quarters of the planet's biodiversity.
01:03:16That is to say, of all life on Earth.
01:03:20Every year, we discover new species we had no idea existed.
01:03:25Insects, birds, mammals.
01:03:41The forests provide the resources...
01:03:45...needed for life on Earth...
01:03:49...to survive the climate change.
01:03:53The forests provide the resources...
01:03:57...needed for life on Earth...
01:04:01...to survive the climate change.
01:04:06These forests provide the remedies that cure us.
01:04:10The substances secreted by these plants can be recognized by our bodies.
01:04:15Our cells talk the same language.
01:04:18We are of the same family.
01:04:36MANGROVES
01:04:47Mangroves are forests that step out onto the sea.
01:04:51Like coral reefs, they are a nursery for the oceans.
01:04:55Their roots entwine and form a shelter...
01:04:58...for the fish and mollusks that come to breed.
01:05:01Mangroves protect the coast from hurricanes...
01:05:04...tidal waves and erosion by the sea.
01:05:07Whole peoples depend on them.
01:05:10Yet they were reduced by half during the 20th century.
01:05:19One of the reasons for the ongoing disaster...
01:05:22...is these shrimp farms installed on the mangroves' rich waters.
01:05:26Ventilators aerate pools full of antibiotics...
01:05:30...to prevent the asphyxiation of the shrimps.
01:05:33Not that of the mangroves.
01:05:40Since the 1960s...
01:05:42...deforestation has constantly gathered pace.
01:05:46Every year, 13 million hectares of tropical forest...
01:05:50...an area the size of Illinois...
01:05:52...disappear in smoke and as lumber.
01:06:04The world's largest rainforest, the Amazon...
01:06:07...has already been reduced by 20%.
01:06:10The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms.
01:06:1595% of these soybeans are used to feed livestock and poultry...
01:06:20...in Europe and Asia.
01:06:23And so, a forest is turned into meat.
01:06:37When they burn, forests and their soils...
01:06:40...release huge quantities of carbon...
01:06:42...accounting for 20% of the greenhouse gases...
01:06:45...in the Amazon.
01:06:47These huge quantities of carbon...
01:06:49...accounting for 20% of the greenhouse gases...
01:06:52...emitted across the globe.
01:06:54Deforestation is one of the principal causes of global warming.
01:07:10Thousands of species disappear forever.
01:07:14With them, one of the links in a long chain of evolution snaps.
01:07:19The intelligence of the living matter from which they came...
01:07:22...is lost forever.
01:07:40Barely 20 years ago, Borneo...
01:07:42...the fourth largest island in the world...
01:07:44...was covered by a vast primary forest.
01:07:47At the current rate of deforestation...
01:07:50...it will have totally disappeared within ten years.
01:07:54Living matter bonds water, air, earth and the sun.
01:07:59In Borneo, this bond has been broken...
01:08:02...in what was one of the earth's greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.
01:08:13This catastrophe was provoked by the decision to produce palm oil...
01:08:17...the most consumed oil in the world, on Borneo.
01:08:21Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food...
01:08:25...but also cosmetics, detergents...
01:08:28...and increasingly, alternative fuels.
01:08:34The world's largest palm oil producer...
01:08:37The forest diversity was replaced by a single species, the oil palm.
01:08:42Monoculture is easy, productive and rapid.
01:08:46For local people, it provides employment.
01:08:49It is an agricultural industry.
01:09:08Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus.
01:09:12Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp.
01:09:15Plantations are growing...
01:09:17...as demand for paper has increased fivefold in 50 years.
01:09:27Monocultures of trees are gaining ground all over the world.
01:09:31But a monoculture is not a forest.
01:09:36By definition, there is little diversity.
01:09:40One forest does not replace another forest.
01:09:44At the foot of these eucalyptus trees...
01:09:47...nothing grows because their leaves form a bed...
01:09:50...that is toxic for most other plants.
01:09:53They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves.
01:10:06Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees.
01:10:10Deforestation destroys the essential to produce the superfluous.
01:10:15But elsewhere, deforestation is a last resort to survive.
01:10:24Over two billion people...
01:10:26...almost half of the world's population...
01:10:31...still depend on charcoal.
01:10:45In Haiti, one of the world's poorest countries...
01:10:49...charcoal is one of the population's main consumables.
01:10:53Once the world's largest producer of charcoal...
01:10:58...once the pearl of the Caribbean...
01:11:02...Haiti can no longer feed its population without foreign aid.
01:11:20On the hills of Haiti, only 2% of the forests are left.
01:11:25Stripped bare, the soil no longer absorbs the rainwater.
01:11:29With no vegetation and no roots to reinforce them...
01:11:32...nothing holds the soils back.
01:11:35The rainwater washes them down the hillsides as far as the sea.
01:11:39Erosion impoverishes the quality of the soils...
01:11:42...reducing their suitability for agriculture.
01:11:48In some parts of Madagascar, the erosion is spectacular.
01:11:53Whole hillsides bear deep gashes hundreds of meters wide.
01:12:07Thin and fragile, soil is made by living matter.
01:12:11With erosion, the fine layer of humus...
01:12:14...which took thousands of years to form, disappears.
01:12:24In the middle of the desert...
01:12:27...the rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:30The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:33The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:36The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:39The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:42The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:45The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:48The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:12:53The rainwater flows into the hillsides.
01:13:03Here's one theory of the story of the Rapa Nui...
01:13:06...the inhabitants of Easter Island...
01:13:08...that could perhaps give us pause for thought.
01:13:12Living on the most isolated island in the world...
01:13:15...the Rapa Nui exploited their resources...
01:13:18...until there was nothing left.
01:13:20Their civilization did not survive.
01:13:24On these lands stood the highest palm trees in the world.
01:13:28They have disappeared.
01:13:30The Rapa Nui chopped them all down for lumber.
01:13:33They then had to face widespread soil erosion.
01:13:37The Rapa Nui could no longer go fishing.
01:13:40There were no trees to build canoes.
01:13:43And yet the Rapa Nui formed...
01:13:45...one of the most brilliant civilizations in the Pacific.
01:13:48Innovative farmers, sculptors, exceptional navigators.
01:13:52They were caught in the vice of overpopulation...
01:13:55...and dwindling resources.
01:14:00They experienced social unrest, revolts and famine.
01:14:04Many did not survive the cataclysm.
01:14:18RAPA NUI
01:14:48RAPA NUI
01:14:56The real mystery of Easter Island...
01:14:58...is not how its strange statues got there.
01:15:01We know now.
01:15:03It's why the Rapa Nui didn't react in time.
01:15:13It's only one of a number of theories...
01:15:16...but it has particular relevance to us today.
01:15:21Since 1950, the world's population has almost tripled.
01:15:26And since 1950, we have more fundamentally altered our island, the Earth...
01:15:31...than in all of our 200,000-year history.
01:15:40Nigeria is the biggest oil exporter in Africa...
01:15:43...and yet 70% of the population lives under the poverty line.
01:15:48The wealth is there...
01:15:50...but the country's inhabitants don't have access to it.
01:15:54The same is true all over the globe.
01:15:56Half the world's poor live in resource-rich countries.
01:16:14Our mode of development has not fulfilled its promises.
01:16:18In 50 years, the gap between rich and poor...
01:16:22...has grown wider than ever.
01:16:25Today, half the world's wealth...
01:16:28...is in the hands of the richest 2% of the population.
01:16:36Can such disparities be maintained?
01:16:39Can such disparities be maintained?
01:16:42They're the cause of population movements...
01:16:45...whose scale we have yet to fully realize.
01:16:48The city of Lagos had a population of 700,000 in 1960.
01:16:54That will rise to 16 million by 2025.
01:17:03Lagos is one of the fastest-growing megalopolises in the world.
01:17:08The new arrivals are mostly farmers forced off the land...
01:17:11...for economic or demographic reasons...
01:17:14...or because of diminishing resources.
01:17:23This is a radically new type of urban growth...
01:17:26...driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper.
01:17:31Every week, over a million people...
01:17:33...swell the populations of the world's cities.
01:17:55One human being in six now lives in a precarious situation.
01:17:59Another now lives in a precarious, unhealthy, overpopulated environment...
01:18:04...without access to daily necessities...
01:18:06...such as water, sanitation, electricity.
01:18:30Hunger is spreading once more.
01:18:32It affects nearly one billion people.
01:19:00Lagos is one of the fastest-growing megalopolises in the world...
01:19:04...driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper.
01:19:30All over the planet, the poorest scrabble to survive on scraps...
01:19:34...while we continue to dig for resources...
01:19:36...that we can no longer live without.
01:19:39We look farther and farther afield...
01:19:42...in previously unspoiled territory...
01:19:44...and in regions that are increasingly difficult to exploit.
01:19:50We're not changing our model.
01:19:53Oil might run out.
01:19:56We can still extract oil from the tar sands of Canada.
01:20:01The biggest trucks in the world move thousands of tons of sand.
01:20:05The process of heating and separating bitumen from the sand...
01:20:09...requires millions of cubic metres of water.
01:20:13Colossal amounts of energy are needed.
01:20:16The pollution is catastrophic.
01:20:20The most urgent priority, apparently...
01:20:23...is to pick every pocket of sunlight.
01:20:44The Fourth World War
01:20:49The Cold War
01:20:54The Cold War
01:21:00The Cold War
01:21:06The Cold War
01:21:09Our oil tankers are getting bigger and bigger.
01:21:12Our energy requirements are constantly increasing.
01:21:15We try to power growth like a bottomless oven...
01:21:18...that demands more and more fuel.
01:21:38It's all about carbon.
01:21:40In a few decades, the carbon that made our atmosphere a furnace...
01:21:44...and that nature captured over millions of years...
01:21:47...allowing life to develop...
01:21:49...will have largely been pumped back out.
01:21:52The atmosphere is heating up.
01:21:56It would have been inconceivable...
01:21:58...for a boat to be here just a few years ago.
01:22:04Transport, industry, deforestation, agriculture.
01:22:10Our activities release gigantic quantities of carbon dioxide.
01:22:14Without realizing it, molecule by molecule...
01:22:18...we have upset the Earth's climatic balance.
01:22:27All eyes are on the poles...
01:22:30...where the effects of global warming are most visible.
01:22:35It's happening fast, very fast.
01:22:39The Northwest Passage that connects America, Europe and Asia...
01:22:42...via the pole, is opening up.
01:22:45The Arctic ice cap is melting.
01:22:53Under the effect of global warming...
01:22:55...the ice cap has lost 40% of its thickness in 40 years.
01:23:00Its surface area in the summer shrinks year by year.
01:23:05It could disappear before 2030.
01:23:09Some predictions suggest 2015.
01:23:12Soon these waters will be free of ice several summer months a year.
01:23:32The sunbeams at the ice sheet previously reflected back...
01:23:35...now penetrate the dark water, heating it up.
01:23:38The warming process gathers pace.
01:23:50This ice contains the records of our planet.
01:23:54The concentration of carbon dioxide...
01:23:57...hasn't been so high for several hundred thousand years.
01:24:02Humanity has never lived in an atmosphere like this.
01:24:18Is excessive exploitation of our resources...
01:24:20...threatening the lives of every species?
01:24:23Climate change accentuates the threat.
01:24:27By 2050, a quarter of the Earth's species...
01:24:31...could be threatened with extinction.
01:24:34In these polar regions...
01:24:36...the balance of nature has already been disrupted.
01:24:58The Ice Age
01:25:02The Ice Age
01:25:07The Ice Age
01:25:12The Ice Age
01:25:17The Ice Age
01:25:23The Ice Age
01:25:36The Ice Age
01:25:41♪♪
01:25:51♪♪
01:26:11♪♪
01:26:21♪♪
01:26:25Off the coast of Greenland,
01:26:27there are more and more icebergs.
01:26:29♪♪
01:26:39♪♪
01:26:49♪♪
01:26:56Around the North Pole,
01:26:57the ice cap has lost 30% of its surface area in 30 years.
01:27:02♪♪
01:27:06But as Greenland rapidly becomes warmer,
01:27:08the freshwater of a whole continent
01:27:10flows into the saltwater of the oceans.
01:27:15Greenland's ice contains 20%
01:27:17of the freshwater of the whole planet.
01:27:20If it melts, sea levels will rise by nearly 7 meters.
01:27:24♪♪
01:27:34♪♪
01:27:44♪♪
01:27:54♪♪
01:27:58But there is no industry here.
01:28:01Greenland's ice sheet suffers from greenhouse gases
01:28:04emitted elsewhere on Earth.
01:28:07Our ecosystem doesn't have borders.
01:28:10Wherever we are, our actions have repercussions
01:28:13on the whole Earth.
01:28:15The atmosphere of our planet is an indivisible whole.
01:28:19It is an asset we share.
01:28:22On Greenland's surface, lakes are appearing on the landscape.
01:28:27The ice cap has begun to melt at a speed
01:28:29that even the most pessimistic scientists
01:28:31did not envision 10 years ago.
01:28:34♪♪
01:28:44More and more of these glacier-fed rivers
01:28:46are merging together and burrowing through the surface.
01:28:50It was thought the water would freeze
01:28:53in the depths of the ice.
01:28:55On the contrary, it flows under the ice,
01:28:58carrying the ice sheet into the sea,
01:29:00where it breaks into icebergs.
01:29:03♪♪
01:29:13♪♪
01:29:23♪♪
01:29:31♪♪
01:29:39♪♪
01:29:45As the freshwater of Greenland's ice sheet
01:29:47gradually seeps into the saltwater of the oceans,
01:29:50low-lying lands around the globe are threatened.
01:29:54♪♪
01:30:03Sea levels are rising.
01:30:05Water expanding as it gets warmer
01:30:08caused, in the 20th century alone,
01:30:10a rise of 20 centimeters.
01:30:13Everything becomes unstable.
01:30:16Coral reefs, for example,
01:30:18are extremely sensitive
01:30:20to the slightest change in water temperature.
01:30:2330% have disappeared.
01:30:25They are an essential link in the chain of species.
01:30:29♪♪
01:30:37♪♪
01:30:44In the atmosphere, the major wind streams
01:30:46are changing direction.
01:30:48Rain cycles are altered.
01:30:51The geography of climates is modified.
01:30:54The inhabitants of low-lying islands,
01:30:56here in the Maldives, for example,
01:30:58are on the front line.
01:31:00They are increasingly concerned.
01:31:02Some are already looking for new, more hospitable lands.
01:31:05♪♪
01:31:12If sea levels continue to rise faster and faster,
01:31:16what will major cities like Tokyo,
01:31:18the world's most populous city, do?
01:31:21Every year, scientists' predictions
01:31:23become more and more alarming.
01:31:2570% of the world's population
01:31:28lives on coastal plains.
01:31:3011 of the 15 biggest cities
01:31:33stand on a coastline or river estuary.
01:31:36As the seas rise, salt will invade the water table,
01:31:40depriving inhabitants of drinking water.
01:31:42♪♪
01:31:50♪♪
01:31:58Migratory phenomena are inevitable.
01:32:00The only uncertainty concerns their scale.
01:32:03♪♪
01:32:13♪♪
01:32:23♪♪
01:32:32In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro is unrecognizable.
01:32:3680% of its glaciers have disappeared.
01:32:40In summer, the rivers no longer flow.
01:32:43Local peoples are affected by the lack of water.
01:32:47Even on the world's highest peaks,
01:32:50in the heart of the Himalayas,
01:32:52snow and glaciers are receding.
01:32:54♪♪
01:32:58Yet these glaciers play an essential role
01:33:00in the water cycle.
01:33:02They trap the water from the monsoons as ice
01:33:05and release it in the summer when the snow melts.
01:33:08♪♪
01:33:16♪♪
01:33:19The glaciers of the Himalayas
01:33:21are the source of all the great Asian rivers,
01:33:24the Indus, Ganges, Mekong, Yangtze Kang.
01:33:28Two billion people depend on them for drinking water
01:33:32and to irrigate their crops, as in Bangladesh.
01:33:36♪♪
01:33:41On the delta of the Ganges, in Brahmaputra,
01:33:44Bangladesh is directly affected
01:33:46by the phenomena occurring in the Himalayas
01:33:48and at sea level.
01:33:50This is one of the most populist
01:33:52and poorest countries in the world.
01:33:54It is already hit by global warming.
01:33:56The combined impact of increasingly dramatic floods
01:34:00and hurricanes
01:34:01could make a third of its land mass disappear.
01:34:04When populations are subjected to these devastating phenomena,
01:34:08they eventually move away.
01:34:10Wealthy countries will not be spared.
01:34:13Droughts are occurring all over the planet.
01:34:16In Australia, half of farmland is already affected.
01:34:21♪♪
01:34:26♪♪
01:34:31♪♪
01:34:36♪♪
01:34:41♪♪
01:34:46♪♪
01:34:51♪♪
01:34:56♪♪
01:35:01♪♪
01:35:06♪♪
01:35:11We are in the process of compromising
01:35:15the climactic balance
01:35:17that has allowed us to develop over 12,000 years.
01:35:21♪♪
01:35:31More and more wildfires encroach on major cities.
01:35:35In turn, they exacerbate global warming.
01:35:39As the trees burn, they release carbon dioxide.
01:35:43The system that controls our climate
01:35:46has been severely disrupted.
01:35:48The elements on which it relies have been disrupted.
01:35:53♪♪
01:35:58♪♪
01:36:03♪♪
01:36:08♪♪
01:36:13♪♪
01:36:18♪♪
01:36:23♪♪
01:36:28♪♪
01:36:33♪♪
01:36:38♪♪
01:36:43♪♪
01:36:48The clock of climate change
01:36:50is ticking in these magnificent landscapes.
01:36:54Here in Siberia and elsewhere across the globe,
01:36:58it is so cold that the ground is constantly frozen.
01:37:02It's known as permafrost.
01:37:06♪♪
01:37:11♪♪
01:37:16♪♪
01:37:19Under its surface lies a climactic time bomb, methane,
01:37:24a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful
01:37:27than carbon dioxide.
01:37:29If the permafrost melts,
01:37:31the methane released would cause the greenhouse effect
01:37:35and race out of control with consequences no one can predict.
01:37:39We would literally be in unknown territory.
01:37:43♪♪
01:37:50♪♪
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01:38:05Humanity has no more than 10 years
01:38:08to reverse the trend
01:38:10and avoid crossing into this territory,
01:38:13life on Earth as we have never known it.
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01:38:46We have created phenomena we cannot control.
01:38:50Since our origins, water, air, and forms of life
01:38:55are intimately linked.
01:38:57But recently, we have broken those links.
01:39:01Let's face the facts.
01:39:04We must believe what we know.
01:39:07All that we have just seen
01:39:09is a reflection of human behavior.
01:39:12We have shaped the Earth in our image.
01:39:16We have very little time to change.
01:39:19How can this century carry the burden
01:39:22of 9 billion human beings
01:39:25if we refuse to be called to account
01:39:28for everything we alone have done?
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01:43:26The cost of our actions is high.
01:43:29Others pay the price without having been actively involved.
01:43:33I have seen refugee camps as big as cities
01:43:36sprawling in the desert.
01:43:38How many men, women, and children
01:43:41will be left by the wayside tomorrow?
01:43:47Must we always build walls
01:43:49to break the chain of human solidarity,
01:43:51separate peoples,
01:43:53and protect the happiness of some
01:43:55from the misery of others?
01:43:57It's too late to be a pessimist.
01:44:00I know that a single human
01:44:02can knock down every wall.
01:44:04It's too late to be a pessimist.
01:44:06Worldwide,
01:44:08four children out of five attend school.
01:44:11Never has learning been given to so many human beings.
01:44:14Everyone, from richest to poorest,
01:44:17can make a contribution.
01:44:19Lesotho, one of the world's poorest countries,
01:44:22is proportionally the one that invests most
01:44:25in its people's education.
01:44:27Qatar, one of the world's richest states,
01:44:29has opened its doors to the best universities.
01:44:32Culture, education, research, and innovation
01:44:35are inexhaustible resources.
01:44:38In the face of misery and suffering,
01:44:40millions of NGOs
01:44:42prove that solidarity between peoples
01:44:44is stronger than the selfishness of nations.
01:44:47In Bangladesh,
01:44:49a man thought the unthinkable
01:44:51and founded a bank that lends only to the poor.
01:44:54In barely 30 years,
01:44:56he changed the lives of 150 million people
01:44:59around the world.
01:45:02Antarctica is a continent
01:45:04with immense natural resources
01:45:06that no country can claim for itself,
01:45:09a natural reserve devoted to peace and science.
01:45:12A treaty signed by 49 states
01:45:15has made it a treasure shared by all humanity.
01:45:18It's too late to be a pessimist.
01:45:20Governments have acted
01:45:22to protect nearly 2% of the world's territorial waters.
01:45:25It's not much,
01:45:27but it's two times more than 10 years ago.
01:45:29The first natural parks
01:45:31were created just over a century ago.
01:45:33They cover over 13% of the continents.
01:45:36They create spaces
01:45:38where human activity is in step
01:45:40with the preservation of species,
01:45:42soils, and landscapes.
01:45:44This harmony between humans and nature
01:45:46can become the rule,
01:45:48no longer the exception.
01:45:50In the United States,
01:45:52New York has realized that nature does for us.
01:45:54These forests and lakes
01:45:56supply all the drinking water the city needs.
01:46:02In South Korea,
01:46:04the forests have been devastated by war.
01:46:07Thanks to a national reforestation program,
01:46:10they once more cover 65% of the country.
01:46:13More than 75% of paper is recycled.
01:46:17Costa Rica has made a choice
01:46:19between military spending
01:46:21and the conservation of its lands.
01:46:23The country no longer has an army.
01:46:25It prefers to devote its resources
01:46:27to education, ecotourism,
01:46:29and the protection of its primary forest.
01:46:31Gabon is one of the world's
01:46:33leading producers of wood.
01:46:35It enforces selective logging,
01:46:37not more than one tree every hectare.
01:46:39Its forests are one of the country's
01:46:41most important economic resources,
01:46:43but they have the time to regenerate.
01:46:45Programs exist
01:46:47that guarantee sustainable forest management.
01:46:49They must become mandatory.
01:46:53For consumers and producers,
01:46:55justice is an opportunity
01:46:57to be seized.
01:46:59When trade is fair,
01:47:01when both buyer and seller benefit,
01:47:03everybody can prosper
01:47:05and earn a decent living.
01:47:13How can there be justice
01:47:15and equity between people
01:47:17whose only tools are their hands
01:47:19and those who harvest their crops
01:47:21with a machine
01:47:23and state subsidies?
01:47:31Let's be responsible consumers.
01:47:33Think about what we buy.
01:47:37It's too late to be a pessimist.
01:47:39I've seen agriculture
01:47:41on a human scale.
01:47:43It can feed the whole planet
01:47:45if meat production doesn't take
01:47:47the food out of people's mouths.
01:47:49I have seen fishermen
01:47:51who take care of what they catch
01:47:53and care for the riches of the ocean.
01:47:55I have seen
01:47:57houses producing their own energy.
01:47:595,000 people
01:48:01live in the world's first-ever
01:48:03eco-friendly district in Freiburg, Germany.
01:48:05Other cities partner the project.
01:48:07Mumbai is the thousandth
01:48:09to join them.
01:48:13The governments of New Zealand,
01:48:15Iceland, Austria,
01:48:17Sweden, and other nations
01:48:19have made the development of renewable
01:48:21energy sources a top priority.
01:48:23I know that
01:48:2580% of the energy we consume
01:48:27comes from fossil energy sources.
01:48:29Every week,
01:48:31two new coal-fired generating plants
01:48:33are built in China alone.
01:48:35But I have also seen
01:48:37in Denmark a prototype
01:48:39of a coal-fired plant that releases
01:48:41its carbon into the soil
01:48:43rather than the air.
01:48:46The future? Nobody knows yet.
01:48:48I have seen in Iceland
01:48:50an electricity plant
01:48:52powered by the Earth's heat,
01:48:54geothermal power.
01:48:56I have seen a sea snake
01:48:58lying on the swell to absorb
01:49:00the energy of the waves and produce
01:49:02electricity.
01:49:07I have seen wind farms
01:49:09off the coast of Denmark
01:49:11that produce 20% of the country's
01:49:13electricity.
01:49:15USA, China, India,
01:49:17Germany, and Spain
01:49:19are the biggest investors in renewable
01:49:21energy. They have already
01:49:23created over 2.5 million
01:49:25jobs. Where on
01:49:27Earth doesn't the wind blow?
01:49:31I have seen desert expanses
01:49:33baking in the sun.
01:49:35Everything on Earth
01:49:37is linked. And the Earth
01:49:39is linked to the sun, its original
01:49:41energy source.
01:49:43Do humans not imitate plants
01:49:45and capture its energy?
01:49:47In one hour, the sun
01:49:49gives the Earth the same amount of
01:49:51energy as that consumed by
01:49:53all humanity in one year.
01:49:55As long as the Earth exists,
01:49:57the sun's energy will be
01:49:59inexhaustible. All we have
01:50:01to do is stop drilling the Earth
01:50:03and start looking to the sky.
01:50:05All we have to do is learn to cultivate
01:50:07the sun. All these experiments
01:50:09are only examples,
01:50:11but they testify to a new awareness.
01:50:13They lay down markers
01:50:15for a new human adventure
01:50:17based on moderation,
01:50:19intelligence, and sharing.
01:50:37It's time to come together.
01:50:39What's important
01:50:41is not what's gone,
01:50:43but what remains.
01:50:45We still have half the world's
01:50:47forests, thousands
01:50:49of rivers, lakes, and glaciers,
01:50:51and thousands of thriving species.
01:50:57We know that the solutions
01:50:59are there today.
01:51:01We all have the power
01:51:03to change.
01:51:05So what are we
01:51:07waiting for?
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