La evolución de los drones, impulsada por millones de dólares en investigación y desarrollo militar, ha dado lugar a una revolución en la tecnología y sus aplicaciones. Estos vehículos aéreos no tripulados, inicialmente diseñados para fines bélicos, están siendo adaptados rápidamente para una variedad de usos civiles que transforman industrias enteras. Desde la agricultura de precisión hasta la entrega de productos, las nuevas aplicaciones de los drones están cambiando la manera en que interactuamos con nuestro entorno.
En el sector agrícola, los drones permiten monitorear cultivos de manera eficiente, optimizando el uso de recursos y aumentando la productividad. En la logística, las empresas están explorando la entrega de paquetes mediante drones, lo que promete reducir tiempos de espera y mejorar la experiencia del cliente. Además, en el ámbito de la seguridad y vigilancia, los drones se están utilizando para supervisar grandes áreas y realizar inspecciones en lugares de difícil acceso.
Sin embargo, el potencial de los drones no se detiene aquí. La investigación continúa abriendo puertas a nuevas aplicaciones innovadoras, como el uso de drones en la medicina para transportar suministros médicos a zonas remotas o en la conservación del medio ambiente, monitorizando ecosistemas vulnerables.
A medida que la tecnología avanza, es crucial comprender cómo estas innovaciones pueden impactar nuestras vidas diarias. La adaptación de drones a diferentes sectores es un claro ejemplo de cómo la inversión en I+D militar puede derivar en beneficios tangibles para la sociedad.
**Hashtags:** #DronesInnovadores, #TecnologíaMilitar, #AplicacionesDrones
**Keywords:** drones, innovación en drones, aplicaciones de drones, investigación y desarrollo militar, tecnología de drones, agricultura de precisión, logística, entrega de paquetes, vigilancia, impacto social de drones.
En el sector agrícola, los drones permiten monitorear cultivos de manera eficiente, optimizando el uso de recursos y aumentando la productividad. En la logística, las empresas están explorando la entrega de paquetes mediante drones, lo que promete reducir tiempos de espera y mejorar la experiencia del cliente. Además, en el ámbito de la seguridad y vigilancia, los drones se están utilizando para supervisar grandes áreas y realizar inspecciones en lugares de difícil acceso.
Sin embargo, el potencial de los drones no se detiene aquí. La investigación continúa abriendo puertas a nuevas aplicaciones innovadoras, como el uso de drones en la medicina para transportar suministros médicos a zonas remotas o en la conservación del medio ambiente, monitorizando ecosistemas vulnerables.
A medida que la tecnología avanza, es crucial comprender cómo estas innovaciones pueden impactar nuestras vidas diarias. La adaptación de drones a diferentes sectores es un claro ejemplo de cómo la inversión en I+D militar puede derivar en beneficios tangibles para la sociedad.
**Hashtags:** #DronesInnovadores, #TecnologíaMilitar, #AplicacionesDrones
**Keywords:** drones, innovación en drones, aplicaciones de drones, investigación y desarrollo militar, tecnología de drones, agricultura de precisión, logística, entrega de paquetes, vigilancia, impacto social de drones.
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00:00Look up. Before you think about seeing a drone, are they a nuisance?
00:06They are fun, but they can also do dangerous things.
00:10Are they the big brother?
00:12It's the eye that looks from the sky. It's the no-go of surveillance.
00:17Will our way of seeing the world change?
00:20Now we can see the world from a bird's-eye view and not necessarily from the window of an airplane.
00:25It's going to lead to very complex things, really complex.
00:29It could be a scary world. It could also be a utopia. Who knows?
00:34Drones. They have earned the reputation of being the most effective killing machines in war zones around the planet.
00:42Now that military technology is reaching our skies.
00:46It is estimated that by 2020 there will be 20,000 drones flying in North America.
00:52The robots are fascinating, but we also tend to associate them with war scenarios,
00:58to see them as military instruments that invade our environment.
01:02Millions of dollars of research and military development have resulted in drones that are now adapting to new uses.
01:10There are them of all shapes and sizes, from those that look like natural-sized aircraft to this.
01:18Large sample fairs that used to be dedicated to the military industry
01:23focus their attention on a new global market in expansion.
01:29AUBSI is the great exhibition of the robotics industry,
01:33where you can find everything from cameras that crawl on the ground or that climb stairs,
01:37to video game controllers and even real avatars.
01:48But currently, what is most talked about is drones and the change of military applications to civilian ones.
01:57Now that the war in Afghanistan is coming to an end,
02:00we are focusing on the international commercial market of services to the oil and gas industry.
02:08This industry, in the first three years of integration,
02:11has the potential to create 70,000 new jobs in North America, and it is going to get bigger.
02:17It seems that drones are going to be the next boom, and everyone wants a piece of the cake.
02:22In Ohio, we have a solid base to take this industry to our state.
02:28The University of Dakota has a program to train unmanned aircraft pilots.
02:33There is a lot of demand and the companies succeed.
02:36Many jobs are created and great benefits are generated.
02:39There is great potential.
02:41Every research group that does a study says that it is going to be a multi-million dollar industry.
02:47And Canada has the possibility to become the world leader.
02:52It is such a new industry that is still discovering possible applications.
02:56They have been sold to Chile for forest applications, burners for the oil and gas industry.
03:02There are many possibilities in the commercial sector that have nothing to do with the military.
03:07Rick Anderson was the director of the magazine Wired, but he left it to create his own emerging company, 3D Robotics.
03:14This is one of the many types of drones there are, a quadcopter.
03:18What makes it a drone is that it has a brain, it can fly alone, it is autonomous.
03:23Five years ago it was military technology and it cost a million dollars.
03:27Two years ago it was a very high-end commercial product and it cost 30,000 dollars.
03:32This one costs 750.
03:34The technology of smartphones, sensors, GPS, processors, allowed to build low-cost drones.
03:41The same sensors and processors are used, but arranged in a different way.
03:47Now that anyone can afford to have a drone, people are letting their imagination fly.
03:56Welcome to Maker Faire in San Francisco.
03:59Here thousands of very creative people show the public the products of their imagination and skill.
04:08Here at Maker Faire we gather more than 80 creators with more than 100 projects.
04:13People know Kickstarter as a financing platform and the creators come because it is a way to build their initial community.
04:22We make the first smart lighter to help stop smoking.
04:26We make an extruder for 3D printers that allows you to work with materials like icing for pies,
04:32which makes printing in 3D more interesting.
04:35Here drones are one of the great attractions for amateur inventors and the modeling community.
04:42It is a community because we help each other and learn together.
04:46It is not just about flying quadcopters, but about sharing technology and sharing our experience with others.
04:54But drone duels are what draws the most attention.
04:57This is the first official edition of the drone game at Maker Faire.
05:02Let the games begin!
05:04Basically, they are aerial robot fights,
05:07and we have invited all the pilots from our community to come and show what they are worth.
05:14Oh no!
05:15Oh, it's in the net!
05:18Does anyone have a shotgun?
05:20My combat drone is ready to compete.
05:23For less than $200 you have a device that almost flies alone.
05:26You release the control and it stays where it is.
05:31It is very exciting when you are in the air competing,
05:34fighting against another flying robot.
05:38No!
05:39The white one has gone to the ground.
05:41We are living the first steps of an incredible industry.
05:45For $300 anyone can build their personalized drone,
05:49but most do not want to build it, just fly it.
05:52Tim Reuter has designed a drone that can fly anywhere.
05:56The idea behind the pocket drone was to take a large part of the advanced features of open source kits
06:02and incorporate them into a consumer product that made this activity more accessible.
06:08We wanted to create a design that was more practical, that could be carried over,
06:12so that when you reach the top of a mountain,
06:14you can make a panoramic view of yourself and all your friends with something that fits in a backpack.
06:20Part of the attraction of the pocket drone is to make it follow you.
06:24What follow me technology does is follow a smartphone
06:27or a tablet connected to a GPS that you have on top
06:30and keep a fixed distance from that GPS signal.
06:35So if you're going to do a bike ride, you can film yourself doing any kind of crazy stuff,
06:40or you can follow a football field as you advance and score a goal,
06:45or as you play any sort of game.
06:48Is the public interested in this technology?
06:51The Kickstarter campaign asked for $35,000 to develop the pocket drone
06:56and raised almost $1 million.
06:58They started production immediately.
07:00I left my job and since then I've been working on Air Troyes and the pocket drone full time.
07:06We want to use them to film their children's first bike ride,
07:09to go over the roof of their house,
07:12and we wanted to create a design that would democratize this and make it more affordable.
07:19Other companies have been successful in making accessible drones.
07:23The Parrot AR can be piloted with a smartphone or a tablet.
07:27It's so easy that anyone can use it, for the despair of numerous pets.
07:31The DJI quadcopter has GPS positioning and a mobile camera.
07:37Suddenly we can see the world in a completely new way.
07:43This new accessibility has opened the door to new applications for flying robotic cameras,
07:49weddings, reports for the real estate market, or the ultimate selfie.
07:53We call them aerial robots, but people don't care if they're robots or not.
07:57They just want to mount the camera and upload an incredible video to YouTube.
08:01Now we can put high-resolution cameras in the air.
08:05For the first time in history, we can see the world from a bird's-eye view,
08:09and not necessarily from the window of a plane.
08:15The Air Troyes is a new technology.
08:18The possibility of seeing the world from a drone's view is changing the way we see everything,
08:23from sports to nature, and also the news.
08:27In fact, they have given rise to a new type of reporting, drone journalism.
08:32One of the first viral videos showed the aggressiveness of the Turkish police
08:37against the protesters in the Taksim Square in Istanbul in 2013.
08:41This technology has been used for a long time.
08:44The quality of the images you can get for several hundred dollars
08:48has really changed everything.
08:51Suddenly, brutal tactics are exposed to the eyes of the whole world.
08:55With images like these, it is not surprising that the police respond.
08:59Oh, my God!
09:02Matt Wade is a journalism professor at the University of Nebraska
09:06and winner of a Pulitzer Prize.
09:09I was at a didgeridoo competition,
09:11in the south of California, in 2011.
09:14I saw that a company was selling an autonomous aerial photography platform,
09:18and I thought about all the floods, forest fires, hurricanes, tornadoes,
09:23all the disasters that I had covered as a reporter,
09:27and I thought, I could have done reports with damage assessments in a few hours
09:31if I had had something like that.
09:34And I said to my dean,
09:37why don't we set up a drone laboratory to investigate this?
09:41Because it raises all kinds of new questions
09:44about how journalists do their job.
09:47Some companies already use drones.
09:50For Lake Mead Beer, the distribution of beer to fishing cabins
09:53in the ice with drones was a total success,
09:56and Amazon will use drones to make deliveries.
09:59Amazon is serious about it.
10:02What we still don't know is whether those first drones
10:05will make deliveries from warehouses to buyers,
10:08or only transport between warehouses. We'll see.
10:11But the drone they've developed has both the ability to fly vertically
10:15and in a helicopter's suspension,
10:18as well as the reach and speed of a plane.
10:21When it arrives at its destination, the drone stays in suspension
10:24at a safe distance and unhooks the load to the ground
10:27with a cable to guarantee a safe landing.
10:30Impressive. But we don't have to wait for the future
10:33to see drones that are doing useful work.
10:36ING Engineering, a company from Ottawa,
10:38is developing Canadian drones in Afghanistan
10:41and knows very well how useful they can be,
10:44for example, in rescue operations.
10:47Rescue is a great application of this technology.
10:50A search and rescue operation
10:53or a beautiful sunny day is never undertaken.
10:56It's always a dark and stormy night.
10:59Someone has had a problem and we have to go out and find them.
11:02Drones can fly over damaged land
11:05and use video cameras with heat sensors
11:08to capture lost drones without the risk of a pilot
11:11and even provide them with supplies.
11:14You may be using a robot actually to provide someone
11:17with a means of communication.
11:20If you can speak to an individual,
11:23their chances of survival are doubled.
11:26And that's what you can achieve with robotic aviation.
11:29Chief Doug Green of Saskatoon Police in Canada
11:32only had a small traffic control drone,
11:35but he managed to save a life with it.
11:38It was evident that he had been injured in the accident,
11:41but in a standing search of the area,
11:44no injured person was found.
11:47There was a thermal sensation of 20 degrees below zero.
11:50They had spoken on the phone with him.
11:53He had a head injury, he was disoriented,
11:56and he was very cold.
11:59Shortly after the call, his mobile phone ran out of battery.
12:02Then the chief of Saskatoon's Rural Police
12:05remembered that our drone was equipped with a camera
12:08and heat signatures.
12:11They took off the drone and immediately discovered
12:14a heat spot on the edge of a group of trees.
12:17Chief Green was able to direct the rescue team
12:20to the injured man who was unconscious
12:23and on the verge of death.
12:26We took him to Saskatoon's hospital in an ambulance
12:29and gave him an IV several days later.
12:32The rescue of Saskatoon showed the potential
12:35of having eyes in the sky.
12:38It is a tool that we have at our disposal.
12:41Four months later,
12:44another drone of the Canadian police
12:47was the protagonist of another happy ending.
12:50Canada has well-defined rules for the commercial use of drones,
12:53but in the United States it is another story.
12:56Since 2007, all commercial use of drones
12:59was prohibited by the FAA, the Federal Aviation Agency.
13:02There is a new regulation on the way,
13:05but for many it does not go fast enough.
13:08Robinson is a specialist in search and rescue of Texas.
13:11He tried to avoid the prohibition of the FAA
13:14by founding a non-profit organization.
13:17We have already carried out operations
13:20in 30 states and 4 countries.
13:23We have found up to now 10 people
13:26and we have rescued 2 victims alive.
13:29At the beginning of this decade,
13:32Robinson was one of the pioneers of drone technology.
13:35He built his own prototype
13:38and founded an airline
13:41specialized in search and rescue.
13:44Currently, the whole process is automated,
13:47from drone piloting to data capture.
13:50We usually define a search area
13:53to fly over it following a pattern
13:56similar to that of a lawn mower.
13:59Then we send the plane up there
14:02and it starts combing the area in zigzag,
14:05taking pictures all the time.
14:08Photos can reveal invisible clues
14:11for search and rescue teams.
14:14In the Houston, Texas, navigable channel,
14:17Gene's system located a missing person.
14:20The individual has been missing for two days.
14:23They called us to help them with the search.
14:26What we do is look for things that do not fit in the photo.
14:29And we managed to locate that poor man
14:32who had died under the water.
14:35If we zoom in on the image,
14:38it's a white shirt.
14:41There it is.
14:44It was right under the surface of the water.
14:47Since 2007, this activity has also been included
14:50in the FAA's prohibition
14:53that has prevented the flight of Robinson's drones.
14:56Three, two, one.
15:05Sometimes it's heartbreaking
15:08to have to tell a family
15:11that we have forbidden it.
15:14It can be a very tragic and terrible experience
15:17to have to tell them that we have developed this technology
15:20but that we cannot use it
15:23because an agency has forbidden it.
15:26The laws go way behind the technology,
15:29as they usually are.
15:32Matt Wade has also accused
15:35of the impact of the FAA's prohibition.
15:38For a while, we kept flying abroad
15:41because we thought that since there was no commercial interest
15:44in what we were doing,
15:47and being an educational institution,
15:50we could fly as simple fans.
15:53But the FAA sent us a letter in July saying nothing of that.
15:56I can give a student a drone,
15:59you can go to a park and fly it there,
16:02and there's no problem.
16:05But if I say it's an evaluable test,
16:08it's not an evaluable test.
16:11It's an evaluable test.
16:14A student of mine did a piece in India,
16:17where he was flying on an old shipyard
16:20where they still practice a type of fishing boats
16:23from the 7th or 8th century.
16:26And he was flying your sunglasses
16:29and the camera is just absolutely smooth as can be.
16:32Then the same student was hired
16:35by a newspaper in Kenya
16:38and he said that drones are allowed.
16:41He's working with the Star of Nairobi
16:44and he's doing aerial reports
16:47about the conservation of endangered species in Kenya.
16:50And that makes me super jealous
16:53because they can fly freely and I can't.
16:56There are others who defy the FAA's prohibition
16:59of the commercial use of drones.
17:02A group of pilots called Team Black Sheep
17:04flew a drone at the University of Virginia.
17:10As amateur pilots,
17:13they were not subject to the prohibition of commercial flights.
17:16But when the team leader filmed the Faculty of Medicine
17:19at the University of Virginia and sold them the images,
17:22he crossed the line of commercial use.
17:25The FAA imposed a fine of $10,000
17:28but sued them in court and won.
17:31They resorted to the failure
17:34to comply with the law.
17:37At least it's a sign that we're going to advance
17:40after seven years of stagnation.
17:43Can you imagine that 20 years ago
17:46at the dawn of the commercial Internet
17:49the government would have said to American companies
17:52don't develop this, it can't be used for commercial purposes?
17:55Wait another decade and we'll tell you how to use it.
17:58The bureaucratic delay is harming the national interest
18:01to promote this new industry.
18:04But not everyone is excited about the idea
18:07of having machines lying on top of their heads.
18:10In fact, there are those who are supportive of drone hunting.
18:13They're Germans and I have a shotgun.
18:18According to drones, they are becoming
18:21cheaper and easier to handle,
18:24more people who have never flown anything dare to try.
18:27But it's not as easy as it seems.
18:30To fly a robot you need practice
18:32and you make mistakes from time to time.
18:35We see videos of drones flying over streets
18:38with traffic or between fireworks.
18:41YouTube is full of examples of dangerous actions with drones
18:44and accidents can be very serious.
18:49Yes, there are accidents,
18:52especially when you're learning to fly.
18:55I've seen many and I've also suffered them.
18:58The most common are due to the inexperience of the pilot.
19:00It's not cheap enough to know what they're doing.
19:03But if you're flying a drone over people's heads
19:06and there's a problem,
19:09it could fall on someone and hurt them
19:12and even kill them.
19:15It's not just the people who are on the ground
19:18that can be in danger.
19:21This drone created a great stir in Vancouver
19:24when it filmed a plane of passengers landing at its airport.
19:27It's a little worrying that someone can fly
19:30a drone over people's heads.
19:33They're fun, but they can also do dangerous things to them.
19:36I've seen videos on YouTube
19:39where they've gone up to 1,000 metres,
19:42which is an altitude where there are already planes.
19:45There are rules for the personal use of drones.
19:48In Canada and the United States,
19:51you can't fly over populated areas,
19:54you can't lose sight or get more than 90 metres away from the pilot.
19:57But having rules doesn't guarantee they're followed.
20:00You have to improve them and fly safely.
20:03But if you go into a modelling shop
20:06and buy a quadcopter and put a small camera on it,
20:09you can fly.
20:12And maybe you don't know what Transport Canada is
20:15or you don't know there are inspectors.
20:18A friend told me, I've bought one of those things,
20:21I'm going to fly it with my son.
20:24But he's in the airspace.
20:27Many drones can be piloted
20:30and it's almost impossible
20:33to keep up with the rules.
20:36You can't control them completely.
20:39I see drones flying over populated areas
20:42and it's not strange because you can buy one of these
20:45for about $250.
20:48Technically, you can do that
20:51because you're flying over a populated area.
20:54So it's quite difficult to follow a drone
20:57and know who's piloting it.
21:01Sami Khankar is an expert in zombie drones.
21:04He started his career at a very young age
21:07looking for weak spots in programmes
21:10and creating a virus called Sami.
21:13When I was younger, in my eight years,
21:16I wrote a book about MySpace
21:19that ended up having more than a million friends in one day
21:22until they put the website offline and deleted it.
21:25After three years in conditional freedom,
21:27Sami is a security consultant
21:30specialising in looking for vulnerabilities in computer systems.
21:33His latest project is to kidnap drones
21:36through a programme called Skyjack.
21:39Yes, Skyjack.
21:42I programmed it the day after Amazon announced
21:45that they were going to use aerial drones.
21:48Sami wanted to find out if you could use a drone
21:51to kidnap another one in the air.
21:54While it's flying around,
21:57what it's actually doing
22:00is disconnecting the pilot of another drone,
22:03connecting it in its place and controlling it.
22:06So any other drones within the reach of my drone, Skyjack,
22:09become zombie drones controlled by me.
22:12And it was quite a fun test of a concept,
22:15a demonstration of how the most advanced drone technology works
22:19and how easy it is to hack it right now.
22:23Now, little drones can hack other drones
22:25and control them.
22:28And then if they commit criminal acts, who has committed them?
22:31Someone can take control of your drone
22:34and crash it against the window of your neighbour to have fun.
22:37In principle, you are the one who has done it and they can sue you.
22:40This will lead to very complex issues.
22:43One of the most complex issues is privacy.
22:46Almost all drones have a camera.
22:49I really love drone technology.
22:52I think it can be used for good things.
22:55I think it's the incidental use of drones.
22:58If I fly a drone through my neighbourhood,
23:01I'm going to see through windows, even if I don't intend to.
23:04It's the incidental use.
23:07If a drone invades our privacy,
23:10is it committing an illegal act? Not necessarily.
23:13If someone were to fly a drone over your property
23:16while it's sunbathing,
23:19the question is,
23:22is it flying over your property?
23:25If a drone is not directly above your property,
23:28there's not much it can do.
23:31Privacy protection laws require
23:34that you do something other than fly a drone and look with the camera.
23:37You have to deliberately try to take sexual images
23:40or there must be an intention of harassment.
23:43There must be an added element.
23:46Okay, you can't do much
23:49if a stranger accidentally films us with a drone.
23:52But what if it's a private detective and he does it on purpose?
23:55If a private detective
23:58puts a camera in front of our house,
24:01in a place where he can legally be,
24:04then he can't be sued for any violation of privacy,
24:07as far as I know.
24:10I noticed that there's a laboratory of journalism with drones,
24:13and I think it's a very interesting project.
24:16But it's like everything else, I think,
24:19what journalists are going to want to use this technology?
24:22Are they going to be the paparazzi?
24:25I don't know.
24:28That they can watch us from the sky or at will
24:31is causing reactions against drones.
24:34I've been working on surveillance and privacy issues
24:37for the last two and a half years,
24:40and there's a lot of concern about drones,
24:43a technology that's not even really implemented.
24:46A little microcosm of the reaction
24:49that drones are causing here in Seattle
24:52is a public protest that was so vehement
24:55that they banned the drone program.
24:58In the United States, many cities,
25:01eight states and all national parks
25:04have banned the use of drones.
25:07Sometimes the reactions can be contradictory.
25:10Colorado has passed a law that prohibits
25:13the use of drones for hunting,
25:16while Illinois has passed laws to prevent
25:19animal rights activists from using drones to harass hunters.
25:22There are all kinds of reactions,
25:25from people who want to shoot deer with it
25:28to people who want to shoot someone in their backyard.
25:31There's even some kind of legitimacy in Colorado
25:34where they want to issue licenses
25:37to shoot an X number of drones if you see them,
25:40which I think is clearly not okay.
25:43Deer Trail is a small town in Colorado
25:46where drones have become a hot topic.
25:49I view drones as animals,
25:52but they're flying animals.
25:55I have sold licenses for hunting drones to Deer Trail.
25:58I have sold licenses for hunting drones
26:01to all the states in the country.
26:04I have also sold three drones hunting licenses
26:07to Canada and one in France.
26:10If a drone enters the airspace of my backyard,
26:13it's invasion of property, pure and simple.
26:16This is a criminal act,
26:19and I have a shotgun.
26:22When I give a talk to a group,
26:25they take it out of sight of private property.
26:28If that flies over my house,
26:31can I take out the shotgun and load it?
26:34I don't know if there's any law in favor or against it,
26:37but randomly shooting bullets into the air
26:40without knowing where they're going to land
26:43is a bad idea.
26:46The bad news for those who hate drones
26:49is that enthusiasts love a good challenge.
26:52Yeah, we heard about that guy
26:55who shot a drone.
26:58It looks like the last shot
27:01made it fall to the ground,
27:04but I don't see any minor damage.
27:07Let's see if it takes off again.
27:10The next will be drone swarms,
27:13much more difficult to shoot down.
27:16They won't have a single target, but a thousand.
27:19Aggression causes escalation of conflict, cause and effect.
27:22You can only shoot something if you can see it.
27:25One of the advantages of military drones
27:28is their ability to operate without being seen, from the sky.
27:31And the ability to finance the military
27:34has taken that concept to a new level.
27:37One of the big areas that the military would like to develop
27:40is the ability to fly and land,
27:43so much less battery is spent.
27:46And there's a model, the Hummingbird by Aero Environment.
27:49As a roboticist, I love it.
27:52It looks like a hummingbird, it has wings and can fly.
27:55Let's see if it can fly again.
27:58The drones that fly and land
28:01could make it almost impossible to know if they are watching us.
28:04But the new technologies that would allow us
28:07to follow them every day without being seen
28:10are already on the horizon.
28:13The ARGUS system, Omnipresent Autonomous Surveillance
28:16in real time, according to its acronym in English,
28:19can follow all our movements within an area of 40 square kilometers,
28:22from a drone that flies at 5,000 meters of altitude.
28:25This image has a very high resolution.
28:28So if we wanted to know what's going on at any point,
28:31for example, next to this building, at this intersection,
28:34we generate an image in motion
28:37that shows us what's going on in the area.
28:40ARGUS is a 1.8-gigapixel mapping system
28:43that interconnects more than 300 small high-resolution cameras
28:46forming a huge lens.
28:49Its software merges captures from all over the world
28:51in a single high-resolution image.
28:54And all the objects that move
28:57are being followed automatically.
29:00We can see individuals crossing the street,
29:03entering parking lots.
29:06In fact, it has enough resolution
29:09to be able to see the type of clothing
29:12people are wearing, the clothes they wear.
29:15Once a subject is identified,
29:18the system can follow their movements all day long.
29:21It can be mounted on a large drone
29:24that can stay in the air for more than 24 hours in a row.
29:27But soon we'll see drones with much greater autonomy.
29:30They can fly in the upper layers of the atmosphere
29:33between one and five years in a row.
29:36But it worries that uninterrupted surveillance
29:39can be incorporated into other tracking technologies
29:42that are already watching us.
29:45Mobile phones are another link in the chain.
29:48One of the characteristics of their operation
29:51has been a question related to smartphones for several years,
29:54especially Apple iPhones, Google Androids,
29:57and Microsoft Windows phones.
30:00I found that all three constantly send information
30:03about the location of the user to their parent companies.
30:06And also that some of those phones,
30:09specifically iPhones and Windows phones,
30:12continued to send that location information by Wi-Fi,
30:15even when the user said,
30:17I want to disconnect the GPS or the location services.
30:20The smartphones were recording where all the people
30:23who used those phones were at all times.
30:26And Apple, Google, and Microsoft were creating large databases
30:29on the location of all the networks
30:32and all the phones in the world.
30:35Surveillance of your phone,
30:38tracking your iPad or whatever device you're wearing,
30:41is so much harder to avoid
30:44than surveillance on the computer.
30:47I became editor of the ProPublica portal
30:50and author of Dragon Nation.
30:53These objects are with us all the time,
30:56and they're not like our computer,
30:59they're always transmitting.
31:02There are already surveillance technologies
31:05that most of us don't even know,
31:08like registration readers,
31:11fixed traffic cameras, police cars,
31:14and even private companies that photograph
31:17one and I said, can I see my car? And they opened a photo. My car parked in front of
31:24my house. There it was. And it struck me a lot. Because I hadn't done anything wrong.
31:31The problem with this data is that there is no law that regulates it. You can do with
31:36them whatever you want, like sell them to North Korea. It's the wild west.
31:42If these organizations link their data surveillance with a system like Argus, it could be
31:47the end of privacy as we know it. So between the registration and mobile tracking
31:52and people's movements, surveillance would go to a completely new level.
31:58And all this data can be stored to access them in the future.
32:03You can go back and say, I want to see what happened in this particular place three days,
32:09two hours and four minutes ago. And it would show us exactly what happened there as if
32:15we were seeing it live.
32:18This is the eye that looks from the sky. The no more of surveillance. It allows the authorities
32:24to press a button and know where each vehicle was and each pedestrian in the area. Where
32:30does your journey begin, where does it end and where does it stop in between?
32:34But does it really matter that they keep an eye on us even more?
32:39My favorite approach. I haven't done anything wrong. I have nothing to hide. Why would I
32:43worry? You have to worry because information is power. We are giving away that information.
32:50And the people who collect it have power over us.
32:53The invasive power of surveillance with drones is causing new debates about privacy.
32:59If we don't want the police to investigate people unless we think they are doing something
33:03wrong, then the police would never move a finger.
33:07Obviously that would be absurd, okay. But something we are starting to see all over
33:11the country are police video cameras set up on the street pointing to the doors of
33:16private homes. Would you like to have one in front of your house?
33:20I wouldn't like it. Most people wouldn't like it. And that's a better analogy
33:24than we're discussing. Persistent surveillance with drones or a simple passing of a drone.
33:31There has never been so much information available so far. When does that start to be
33:36dangerous?
33:37I made a very interesting trip to Berlin and visited the Estasi archives. I wanted to see
33:42how the most repressive secret police we've ever seen operated, that of Eastern Germany
33:47during the communist regime. But they had very limited information. They had to open
33:53people's letters with steam, listen to their calls and follow them from here to there.
33:59Our intelligence apparatus does not have to make those efforts. Even in the most difficult
34:04investigations, the amount of data they can get by pressing a couple of keys would make
34:09Estasi cry with envy.
34:11A lot of people in the government would like to create an ocean of data about us so that
34:15they can navigate later by looking for illegalities. And that's giving too much power to a government.
34:22This is not Eastern Germany. It's a democracy. But how do we make sure we don't end up like
34:28them? Because we have an intelligence apparatus that has very powerful tools. There is a
34:34supervision problem, and there is no adequate supervision. Because when Snowden's revelations
34:39came out, it was a surprise for Congress. It was a surprise for the citizens, right?
34:44The man who wrote the patriotic law said, I never thought my law would be used for this.
34:50When a new technology appears, there is a time lapse between the moment when
34:55people's privacy begins to be invaded and the moment when citizens are aware of it.
35:02And now we are in that moment.
35:04Next, in the era of the drone, we look forward to the future of flying robots.
35:14A row of campaign stores encroaches on teams of engineering students from several universities.
35:20This is the sixth student competition of non-manned aerial vehicles in Canada.
35:25Thirteen teams participate, and they have to design, build, and make a non-manned aerial vehicle fly
35:32for agriculture, mining, or the oil and gas industry.
35:36The work is very demanding. A few of us have slept a couple of hours,
35:40four others, and many of us have not slept at all.
35:43A great opportunity to experience on the ground a technology with great potential.
35:49It's a real experience, something we miss in class. You go to a conference,
35:54you do work, but you don't have field experience.
35:58The people I know who are dedicated to this are from my faculty or are in this program.
36:02They are aware of the dizzying pace at which this technology advances.
36:07You can't just bring the same device and pretend to win.
36:10You have to always go ahead of others and improve your system year after year.
36:15It's kind of funny when you meet a team from Turkey that is competing with the same kind of team as us
36:21but they have the same ideas. It's fascinating.
36:25The great variety of systems that are being used to carry out a certain type of work,
36:30the analysis and mapping of the terrain,
36:32shows the enormous range of possibilities that this field presents.
36:42Programs similar to this one around the world are the reason why drone technology is advancing so rapidly.
36:49Prices are getting lower and lower, and new benefits are coming more and more quickly.
36:54So, what's next?
36:56To start, drones to test for dizziness.
36:59To take off, you just have to press the power button,
37:03check the previous checks,
37:06and press the take off button.
37:09When we went to start visiting our potential clients, they said,
37:12you know, we're a threat if we break things.
37:15That's what the local police told us.
37:18So we needed a technology designed for non-pilots.
37:22At that point, we drag the indicator on the bar
37:24to take the vehicle to an operating altitude.
37:27When the drone is at the indicated altitude,
37:30you can tell it to follow a predetermined route
37:33to carry out a systematic search,
37:35or you can pilot it by clicking with the pencil.
37:38And switching to manual mode,
37:40I can simply tell it to aim at the camera,
37:43and it will spin and automatically target that point of the terrain.
37:46And as I touch the map, the vehicle will go to the point I've pointed at.
37:51Again, I don't even have to have the vehicle in sight.
37:54It could be many kilometers away, and it would do it all automatically.
37:58At the end of the mission, I can simply press the return button,
38:02and the vehicle will stop doing what it's doing,
38:05and it will immediately fly to the place where it took off.
38:08The vehicle begins to beep to tell us
38:11that we're looking up because it's going down.
38:16And as it touches down, the propellers will stop and it will stop.
38:20Everything automatically.
38:22The automation of all flight functions
38:25reduces the pilot's errors.
38:27But no matter how easy it is to pilot, they can break.
38:30If a rotor is lost at a certain altitude,
38:33it's bad news for the drone and for anyone who's under it.
38:40In Switzerland, a team of researchers
38:43is working to make drones safer.
38:46The Institute for Systems and Dynamics Control
38:49at ETH Labs in Zurich.
38:51They're installing extra propellers in the vehicle.
38:54There are six, eight-propeller vehicles,
38:57but it's no longer necessary to do that.
39:00Instead of crashing when a propeller fails,
39:03ETH Labs has created an algorithm
39:06that allows you to control the drone by making it fly at the same time it spins,
39:10which allows the operator to keep the drone in the air.
39:14That would give the pilot time to land slowly
39:17and to be able to recover the vehicle.
39:21Robots have been used in assembly lines for decades.
39:25Now drones are coming in for construction.
39:29We built a six-meter-tall structure
39:32made up of 1,500 foam modules.
39:35The vehicles are autonomous.
39:37Four-vehicle teams took turns picking up the bricks
39:40and building the structure with them.
39:42It really was a demonstration of how flying machines
39:45can revolutionize the way we build structures.
39:49This time, it was just foam bricks,
39:52but they've shown what they can do.
39:55At ETH Labs, they're looking for tasks for drones
39:58that haven't happened to anyone.
40:00This drone builder is building a rope bridge
40:03for an emergency evacuation.
40:05Using mathematics and complex algorithms,
40:08they're getting things that most of us
40:11couldn't even imagine.
40:17Sometimes, even they're surprised
40:20by what drones can do.
40:22The three vehicles working together
40:25to throw a ball in the air
40:28is a great demonstration of what these vehicles can do collectively.
40:31It's clear that a single vehicle couldn't do this.
40:34They need to coordinate their actions
40:37to be able to throw a ball in the air.
40:41That was very violent, but it never fails.
40:47So we dream these things up
40:49and then we try to do them.
40:55We wanted to come up with the ability
40:58to adapt and learn,
41:00and we thought of a task
41:02where it was necessary
41:04for the vehicle to have a very precise orientation.
41:07We thought, what if we put a camera
41:10that describes eights at high speed,
41:13but always having the camera directed to the same point?
41:16The goal is to make the drone describe eights
41:19around the two subjects,
41:21keeping the camera focused on their heads.
41:24The camera shows that the drone has many problems at first,
41:27but it learns fast.
41:29So at the beginning, it's pretty bad.
41:32It has to learn and adapt.
41:34The drone keeps modifying its flight path
41:37to improve the result.
41:39As it flies and learns,
41:41it compensates for the differences
41:43between what it thought was reality and what it really is.
41:46It's the same thing we humans do all the time
41:49when we play sports like basketball.
41:52We grab the ball, we aim and we throw.
41:55If it doesn't go in, we modify our actions
41:58based on what we've observed.
42:00That's learning.
42:02Once you've figured out how to break down the problem
42:06and how to fix it, it's not magic.
42:08But when you put it all together, it does look like magic.
42:15Ten years from now?
42:18I don't know.
42:21The University of Pennsylvania's robotics laboratory
42:24is also exploring new possibilities.
42:27One of the most fascinating applications of drones
42:30is the swarm, a large number of drones
42:33using a collective mind like a hive.
42:36When you talk about swarms,
42:38naturally the first thing that comes to mind
42:40is the idea of something collective.
42:42So yes, it's about collective intelligence.
42:45The laboratory also tests how precise drones can be.
42:48So we're interested in this type of aggressive,
42:51high-speed manoeuvres because, in a sense,
42:54they go beyond the limits of what our systems can achieve.
42:57They also are demonstrating capabilities
43:00that allow them to move and operate much faster than humans.
43:03Drones can now navigate outdoors using GPS.
43:06And indoors, new 3D mapping technologies
43:09will solve that problem.
43:12The only way to know where you are
43:15is by taking reference to the elements you observe.
43:18So in some sense, our robots have to estimate
43:21where they are in reference to their environment
43:24about 100 times per second, just to survive.
43:27So I'm looking forward to the day
43:30that someone will make an emergency phone call
43:33and the moment they hang up,
43:36a swarm of robots will run through the building
43:39at a speed of four or five metres per second
43:42collecting information.
43:48And then getting out of the building,
43:51by the time they come back, all of that information
43:55will be sent to the human operator,
43:58who is outside.
44:01That's the type of application we're working on.
44:04Drone swarm technology can save many lives,
44:07but, as always, it can be used for good or bad.
44:11It would be so easy to get a drone
44:14that can carry 60 kilos and just fill it with explosives.
44:17You could just fly it anywhere you want
44:20and detonate it whenever you want.
44:23You can stop one, but what if there were 100 or just 20?
44:26How do you kill them all?
44:29It's surprising, but we'll see.
44:33Now, in the era of the drone,
44:36is it time to put this genius back in the lamp?
44:39Drones are one of the first things people are saying.
44:42No, this is too much.
44:48If we're really at the door of the era of the drone,
44:51should we be worried?
44:54If I were to say that I could really consider
44:57three things about drones that I'm constantly worried about,
45:00the first would be their excessive use
45:03by the police.
45:06The second is that there will be individuals
45:09who will misuse drones in some way.
45:12But I have to say that, just as much,
45:15I'm worried that this transformative technology
45:19will be rejected.
45:22That's the history of technology in the United States and around the world.
45:25I could tell you stories about how public opinion reacted
45:28in 1890 when the Kodak Brognie came out.
45:31They put guards on the beaches to prevent people
45:34from taking cameras to the beach
45:37because they were afraid that they could take pictures
45:40in their bathing suits.
45:43And it was described in Dantesque terms
45:46as a kind of moment.
45:49And a few years later, no one understood
45:52what was going on.
45:55Drones show us a new image
45:58of how surveillance is used in our society.
46:01Drones have been the drop that has filled the cup
46:04in the matter of privacy.
46:07More state laws have been passed on drones
46:10than on any other aspect of the defense of privacy
46:13that people are really voting in terms of surveillance.
46:16You've gone too far with surveillance.
46:19You don't have to watch me from the sky.
46:22I like the example of Iowa City,
46:25which not only has banned drones,
46:28but has included registration readers,
46:31traffic cameras, so forth.
46:34We have to thoroughly analyze
46:37how technology is being used in cities.
46:41We have to make sure that drones bring us pizza at home
46:44or help us find lost children
46:47and do all the good things that they can do
46:50without violating our privacy.
46:53This technology could totally change our world
46:56and our lives.
46:59It could be a terrifying world.
47:02On the other hand, it could also be an utopia.
47:05Perhaps with proper regulation
47:08and proper surveillance.
47:38In ten years,
47:41if you ask any reporter
47:44in any press room,
47:47are you going to use a drone
47:50to cover up that fire?
47:53The answer is no.
47:56The answer is no.
47:59The answer is no.
48:02The answer is no.
48:05you're going to use a drone to cover that fire,
48:08it's going to look at you like you're crazy.
48:10Of course it will, of course it will.
48:13I think that just within a few years,
48:15the use of drones will be quite routine.
48:19You'll have the parents agree
48:21on who's going to film the kids' game with their drone.
48:24I mean, I think those things are going to be
48:26implanted in our daily lives before we even know it.
48:32We adapt to technology.
48:34We acquire a new technology and we apply it to our values,
48:37our morals and our ethics.
48:39We incorporate it into our society and we move forward.
48:42And this is no different.
48:43This is going to happen one day.
48:45And it's going to be interesting to see how it happens.
49:04Microsoft Mechanics
49:09www.microsoft.com