La rápida proliferación de drones ha transformado la manera en que operamos en diversas áreas, pero también ha suscitado importantes desafíos éticos y jurídicos que requieren atención urgente. Uno de los principales problemas es la seguridad, ya que el uso indebido de drones puede comprometer la integridad tanto de las personas como de la propiedad. Además, la privacidad se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente, dado que estos vehículos voladores son capaces de capturar imágenes y datos sensibles sin consentimiento.
En el ámbito legal, la titularidad del espacio aéreo plantea interrogantes sobre quién tiene el derecho a volar drones en determinadas áreas. Este vacío normativo puede llevar a conflictos y a una falta de responsabilidad en caso de incidentes. A medida que los drones se integran en respuestas a emergencias, proyectos medioambientales y servicios de paquetería, es crucial establecer regulaciones claras que protejan la seguridad y la privacidad de los ciudadanos.
El futuro de la tecnología de drones dependerá en gran medida de la capacidad de legisladores y expertos en ética para abordar estos problemas y garantizar un uso responsable. La educación sobre el uso adecuado de drones puede contribuir a mitigar riesgos y fomentar un enfoque ético que beneficie a la sociedad.
#Drones, #Privacidad, #ÉticaTecnológica
Keywords: drones, ética, seguridad, privacidad, legislación drones, espacio aéreo, tecnología, normativa, emergencias, servicio de paquetería
En el ámbito legal, la titularidad del espacio aéreo plantea interrogantes sobre quién tiene el derecho a volar drones en determinadas áreas. Este vacío normativo puede llevar a conflictos y a una falta de responsabilidad en caso de incidentes. A medida que los drones se integran en respuestas a emergencias, proyectos medioambientales y servicios de paquetería, es crucial establecer regulaciones claras que protejan la seguridad y la privacidad de los ciudadanos.
El futuro de la tecnología de drones dependerá en gran medida de la capacidad de legisladores y expertos en ética para abordar estos problemas y garantizar un uso responsable. La educación sobre el uso adecuado de drones puede contribuir a mitigar riesgos y fomentar un enfoque ético que beneficie a la sociedad.
#Drones, #Privacidad, #ÉticaTecnológica
Keywords: drones, ética, seguridad, privacidad, legislación drones, espacio aéreo, tecnología, normativa, emergencias, servicio de paquetería
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00:00Being able to fly has been one of the unchangeable dreams of the human being.
00:06In Greek mythology, Daedalus made wings with tree branches for Icarus, his son.
00:12And in the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci designed his famous flying machines.
00:18Technology has allowed man to achieve his dreams.
00:22And nowadays, the possibility of flying is getting closer and closer.
00:28Replacing the body with robots.
00:31There is this idea that the experiences that are gained through technology are not real or so important.
00:37But many of the experiences related to drones prove that it is not so.
00:42We are interconnected beings by nature.
00:46The very progress that technology provides us requires an iron discipline to control that power.
00:53Drones.
00:55Like many other technological innovations, they are the result of another perpetual impulse of the human being.
01:01War.
01:02But inventions do not end there.
01:04Technology has its own rules.
01:07Curiously, we live in a time when military machinery is feared.
01:12But we can go to a toy store and buy a cheap device that is very similar.
01:17And with which we can take pictures and hang out in the neighbor's garden.
01:24I think we're still at the tip of the iceberg.
01:27People are starting to realize how expensive and widespread this revolution is going to be.
01:38Welcome to the Aerospace of the future.
01:53Check.
01:54Very good.
01:55Up there.
01:58Drone.
01:59In fact, drone is a very broad term that covers all kinds of unmanned aerial vehicles.
02:04It describes many things.
02:12And it has been misused.
02:14Because it is incorrectly associated with military use.
02:17Its use for espionage and things like that.
02:23To be honest, in our world it was a misused word.
02:27Nobody talked about drones, but about quadrocopters.
02:31We do not want to scare anyone.
02:33It is a technological toy for big children.
02:44We are in Belgium, in Genk.
02:47Today the best Belgian and Dutch pilots meet here.
02:50And there are also some French.
02:52In this parking lot there will be a race with a very difficult route.
02:58There are several turns to the left, some to the right.
03:01We want to do chicane, double turns, turns.
03:04It is not easy.
03:05It is about demonstrating our ability.
03:14I started in motocross.
03:16I competed in freestyle for ten years.
03:20It consists of jumping over trucks and things like that.
03:23I am an addict to adrenaline.
03:28But my body did not give more than yes.
03:30I'm full of screws and metal bars.
03:33That's why they call me Metal Danny.
03:35That says it all.
03:37The doctors recommended that I leave motocross.
03:40And I had to fill the vacuum of the motorcycles with something else.
03:44Then I discovered the flying drones in the first person.
03:48They hit an amazing climb.
03:51The brain experiences it as if you were really on board.
03:56All ready?
03:57Ready?
03:59Okay.
04:00No, no, wait, wait.
04:01Okay.
04:05Three.
04:06Two.
04:07One.
04:08Go.
04:17Three.
04:18Two.
04:19One.
04:20Go.
04:34You feel like a little bird flying in the middle of the forest or something like that.
04:39It is an extracorporeal experience.
04:48It's like a Playstation in real life.
04:52It seems that you are flying with a pilot and suddenly you realize that it is you.
05:12I think you're second.
05:14Yes, I'm almost second.
05:15It looks like XA has skipped a turn.
05:18Awesome, man.
05:19Did you like it?
05:20A lot.
05:21What a race.
05:22There on the screen.
05:24There are a lot of people who want to come and see the races.
05:28Here they meet the most famous riders in the world.
05:31And they can also talk to them.
05:36We tell them everything we discover.
05:38And new ideas arise.
05:40In terms of mechanics, they are getting faster and faster.
05:44So I have started to investigate ways to improve the software.
05:48It is about keeping both things at the same level.
05:51The development of the programs had stagnated.
05:54And I have perfected them by adding faster algorithms with which the drones fly better.
05:59I have added a predetermined configuration with which anyone can make one fly.
06:04It is not necessary to be from NASA to handle them.
06:14I have a blog on the Internet.
06:17And the last time I entered there were 500,000 comments.
06:20People are crazy about this.
06:23The dream of flying has been in the mind of the human being since the beginning of time.
06:28Now that dream adopts a new form.
06:30Drone races are going to become a new sports discipline.
06:34This is a very modest test compared to those that are organized in the United States.
06:39There they prepare large stadiums to carry out drone races.
06:43They set up entire circuits with obstacles and others.
06:47They promote it as a sport.
06:50Because they see a lot of interest in it.
06:53And it is a good sport.
06:56They promote it as a sport.
06:59Because they see a lot of future in it.
07:08A couple of years ago, in the United States,
07:11it was proposed to create a medal for the merit for the pilots of military drones.
07:15The news raised a lot of controversy,
07:18because that decoration would be above the purple heart
07:21that is granted to the soldiers injured in combat.
07:23People thought it was an offense
07:26to receive pilots who were stuck in a trailer playing a video game,
07:30and that it was a greater distinction than the one that is granted
07:33to those who physically leave the battlefield.
07:36But it is worth explaining that drone pilots
07:39suffer from traumatic stress disorders to the same or even greater degree
07:43than combat pilots.
07:46Psychologically, there does not seem to be a big difference
07:49between being in a trailer at 15,000 km or flying over the area.
07:53Even if you are equally traumatized, it affects the same.
07:57James Bridle is a British artist
08:00who has been fascinated by drones for years.
08:03Long before races were organized in parking lots
08:06and the headlines of the news jumped,
08:09drones flew over the Gaza Strip, Pakistan and Yemen.
08:12Now that they are everywhere,
08:15Bridle has investigated where they were invented
08:18and what were the reasons to develop this type of technology.
08:23If we look back to the origins of the development of drones,
08:27we will see that the pioneers in the creation of unmanned aerial vehicles
08:31were the Israelis.
08:34Israel created them for a specific military use,
08:37for combat in urban areas, in civil areas.
08:40And that is the definition of asymmetric war.
08:43War is no longer based on confrontation between armies.
08:46Now it is based on massacres,
08:49the wear and tear of the enemy and extreme surveillance.
08:51You have to map your territory to the maximum
08:54and control your positions and the airspace completely.
09:09We call them reconnaissance aircraft.
09:12In Gaza they call them Nana,
09:15because of the sound they make.
09:18That's why they call them that.
09:21The United States has launched attacks against Al-Qaeda
09:24and its associated forces,
09:27some of them with unmanned aircraft,
09:30known as drones.
09:33I began to notice
09:36and in all places the same image of a drone appeared.
09:39In the press, in the web pages of the different campaigns
09:42or among activists,
09:45even in the banners of the protests in Pakistan against drones.
09:48I realized that this was the image
09:51that resulted in Google looking for a drone.
09:54So Google made that picture be everywhere.
09:57But it really was not a drone.
10:00Many things failed.
10:03It was too clean, defined and simple.
10:06And not even the labels were correct.
10:09They did not correspond to any real military unit.
10:12Then I looked for the original
10:15and I discovered that the 3D design was the work of an amateur.
10:18He had made the drone in 3D.
10:21And he had put it behind
10:24and then he had added a missile that was fired from underneath it.
10:27And that imaginary image
10:30had become the image par excellence of a drone.
10:33It seemed incredible and very significant
10:36that the best known image of such unknown technology
10:39was a technological creation.
10:46That they are difficult to see,
10:48but it applies to several levels.
10:51They are designed so that they are not seen
10:54because they fly at about 50,000 feet.
10:57So even if you look at the sky, you do not see if they are above.
11:00In addition, they are politically and democratically invisible.
11:10I started to create the shadows of the drones.
11:13They had become an obsession for me.
11:15They seemed strange and distant to me
11:18and I wanted to get an idea of what it was like to be next to one.
11:21And for that, the first thing to do
11:24was to calculate how big they were.
11:27So we downloaded some plans from the Internet
11:30to see what size they were
11:33and we went to the parking lot of my studio in London
11:36to draw the silhouette on the ground.
11:39By outlining the profile,
11:42we emphasize not only its dimensions,
11:45but also its size.
11:48The first time I drew one, it was to get the idea.
11:51To see how they were, and I understood many things.
11:54Then they started to ask me to do them elsewhere.
11:57Since then, I have made shadows in the United Kingdom,
12:00in other places in Europe.
12:03I made one in Washington DC, next to the White House.
12:06And I thought, it is clear that this has to be extended.
12:09So I decided to put the piece at the disposal of the public.
12:12I created a brochure that could be downloaded on the Internet
12:15and they can draw one themselves.
12:18It is huge.
12:21I thought that military drones would have a wingspan of a couple of meters.
12:25That would be like a person.
12:28Or they would have 2.20 meters, like a lot.
12:31The first thing everyone says when they see it
12:34is the same as I thought.
12:37They had no idea they were so big.
12:40Which is a very simple reaction, but brilliant.
12:42The question is, why didn't I know they were so big?
12:45How did this thing they talk about in the press, in the news,
12:48how could I have no idea of how it was physically?
12:51Of its dimensions?
12:54And from there, what other things I don't know about them?
13:02It's not just making the drone visible.
13:05It's making the whole military structure of command and control of the current war.
13:08And it's making all the political tools that allow that to happen.
13:13Whoever kind of owns this technology has an enormous power.
13:17And everyone is taking advantage of this technology.
13:20It's not at everyone's reach.
13:23It's not democratized so that everyone can use it.
13:26These flying devices are in everyone's mouths.
13:29And it's no wonder, because their impact goes far beyond the technological ingenuity itself.
13:34Drones are forcing us to redefine in many ways
13:36who we are as human beings,
13:39and what kind of society we live in.
13:42Peter Paul Fairbeck is a philosopher and an expert in ethics,
13:45and he works at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.
13:48His latest studies focus on how drones are entering our lives.
13:54If we go deeper into the study of technologies,
13:57we see that these human beings here are the people who are,
14:00because of the technology they use.
14:03Now there is a real madness around drones.
14:06People are worried about both the leaders and the citizens on foot.
14:10How are they going to affect the safety and privacy of people?
14:14We are used to doing things at a distance,
14:17but we don't realize how used we are.
14:20We call ourselves at a distance and we kill people at a distance,
14:23many kilometers away.
14:26But we have to familiarize ourselves with this new technology.
14:29That's the main problem.
14:30We call them drones to everyone, but there are many types.
14:34Some are used to spy, others to flee birds,
14:37to kill people, to observe.
14:40But the fact that we only have one word for everyone
14:43means that we have to get used to them.
14:46We have to get used to the fact that they will be present
14:49in many aspects of our lives.
14:52In 2013, a Chinese company, DJI,
14:55was the first to use military drone technology
14:57to create an accessible and affordable version.
15:03With it, drones and the incredible aerial perspective they offer
15:07are available to everyone.
15:10This is how a real invasion of these robots began,
15:13which has given rise to a new multimillion-dollar industry.
15:17In Dubai, they are managing to counteract
15:20the negative connotations that drones have for people.
15:23The second edition of a festival
15:25called Drones para el Bien
15:28is being held in Dubai,
15:31where all kinds of innovations associated with these devices
15:34focused on humanitarian aid are exhibited.
15:37This is how Dubai hopes to pave the way
15:40so that all the potential of this new industry can be exploited.
15:44Ladies and gentlemen,
15:46welcome to the award ceremony
15:49Drones para el Bien,
15:51granted by the United Arab Emirates.
15:55We are in the beautiful city of Dubai.
15:58It is a splendid day for the delivery
16:01of the national and international Drones para el Bien awards.
16:04It is the second edition of these annual awards.
16:11In many respects, we consider it an international festival,
16:14a world celebration of the technologies
16:17that are used with good intentions.
16:20The competitors come from many countries.
16:22On the main stage,
16:25there are all the flags of the countries represented,
16:28and it gives that feeling of being an international sports competition.
16:31It is like the World Cup of Drones para el Bien.
16:37Drones have been acquiring a negative reputation
16:40in the last five years,
16:43and we thought it was our moral responsibility
16:46to show the good side of this technology.
16:49We ask students, institutions and companies
16:52to work with us to develop applications
16:55and put the drones at the service of civil society.
16:58We came up with amazing ideas with applications in different sectors.
17:01Humanitarian aid, care for the environment,
17:04education, health or logistics.
17:07The possibilities are endless.
17:10It is a matter of investing in research and establishing regulations.
17:13Drones can become the basis
17:16of a multi-million dollar economic activity.
17:19Thank you very much.
17:21Judges, participants and the public in general.
17:24Welcome to this edition of Drones para el Bien
17:27in the United Arab Emirates.
17:30We celebrate innovation,
17:33the World Cup of Drones for civil use.
17:36It is an honor to have the presence of His Highness
17:39Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum,
17:42Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
17:45and Dubai's President.
17:47We have three international teams and three national teams.
17:50They will have 10 minutes to explain their work
17:53and make a flight demonstration of their drones.
17:56The international winners will receive
17:591 million US dollars
18:02and the national winners 1 million dirhams.
18:07Let's start with Forefront Robotics.
18:10They have 10 minutes to impress the judges.
18:13Your 10 minutes start now. Good luck.
18:15Thank you very much.
18:18Good afternoon. We are Forefront Robotics from Canada,
18:21a team of engineers dedicated to the development
18:24of robots for small spaces.
18:27Let's see how they work.
18:30As you can see, it is suspended in the air with the nose up.
18:33It is held perfectly, very still.
18:36If we try to move it, we see that it remains stable.
18:39It does not move from where it is.
18:42This other one advances keeping the nose at an angle
18:45so that it does not move.
18:48With their help, we can develop these models
18:51for firefighters, police and emergency care
18:54to save lives in a catastrophe.
18:57Thank you for your attention.
19:00Aerial robots, flying robots or drones
19:03have infinite applications.
19:06It depends entirely on the use you want to give them.
19:09This is nothing more than the tip of the iceberg.
19:12People are beginning to realize how expensive
19:15the things that are present in our lives are,
19:18very trivial things, such as the delivery of the mail
19:21or the delivery of packages of what you have bought
19:24on Amazon and others, but also in response
19:27to emergency situations or environmental projects.
19:30And these days, here, we have seen many examples
19:33of all that.
19:36Now it goes to the water pumping mode.
19:39The center of gravity is located again in the center.
19:42The Mooncopter is the world's first
19:45multi-function vehicle.
19:48It can both fly and operate on the surface of the water
19:51and dive.
19:54We are the ROMEO team.
19:57We have developed a system to distribute
20:00male sterile mosquitoes and control their population
20:03in order to reduce the risk of infection
20:06of diseases such as malaria, dengue or zika,
20:08In this device, there are 16 containers
20:11with a thousand male sterile mosquitoes
20:14that are released easily and uniformly
20:17thanks to this mechanism.
20:20Let's say, for example, you are hiking
20:23and you fall and break a leg.
20:26You want to send a message to the authorities
20:29or call someone and see that there is no coverage.
20:32So you will put it on the drone and it will go
20:35to the last point where it has coverage to send the message.
20:38Many of the ideas that are being shown here,
20:41some for the first time, make us have an open mind
20:44to new possibilities and not to stay
20:47in what we saw last year.
20:50It is very important.
20:53The effect of the visual demonstrations is impressive.
20:56It is an extremely prestigious international prize
20:59and it is changing the dynamic completely.
21:02His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum,
21:05Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
21:08and the winner of the $ 1 million prize
21:11of drones for good is ...
21:14the team of the Loon Copter.
21:17Congratulations!
21:24We assume that new technologies
21:27will always be applied to the use for which they were created.
21:30That if a technology develops with good intentions,
21:33it will only be used for that.
21:35Nothing further from reality.
21:38All technologies are like a hammer,
21:41a general tool that can be used to nail a nail
21:44or to hit someone.
21:47It is the man who decides what to do with it.
21:50In real life, technology is a kind of bond
21:53between us and the world.
21:56It allows us to do things and do them in a certain way.
21:59That gives technology a kind of ethical power
22:02that we had not foreseen.
22:05In the case of ultrasonics, ethical dilemmas have arisen
22:08about children with congenital anomalies.
22:11In no case could they have imagined it
22:14when they developed the technology of ultrasonics
22:17to detect submarine mines.
22:20We return to the military technology to which another use is given.
22:23Nobody thought that ultrasonics
22:26were going to influence our ethical decisions,
22:29but it has been so.
22:32So technology produces unexpected advances.
22:35What I find most fascinating about all this
22:38is that it changes the dynamic a little bit.
22:41Let's say it challenges the relationship
22:44between society and the state.
22:47Because all of a sudden the sky used to be
22:50the sole purveyor of that monolithic state
22:53that controlled the airspace and kept it safe.
22:56And all of a sudden these new technologies
22:59are liberating technologies,
23:02technologies that democratize the sky.
23:05Anyone, even a 10-year-old child,
23:08can make something go up to the sky,
23:11whether the state wants it or not,
23:14and it is difficult to prevent it or remedy it.
23:17So it is interesting from a theoretical point of view
23:20or from political science, let's say,
23:23to observe that dynamic and the way
23:26the state is reacting to this sudden democratization
23:29of the space, of the sky.
23:36In 2016, the sky has ceased to be
23:39the exclusive territory of birds.
23:42Drones have given everyone access
23:45to the space that is above our heads.
23:48But at what price for those birds?
23:51Or for our peace and tranquility?
23:54And even for our privacy?
23:57A lot of people wonder if we really want
24:00to have all those machines around us.
24:02Is it so important to receive the Amazon package
24:05a little earlier?
24:08And I go even further.
24:11Do we want wars to be fought like this from now on?
24:14Although the question of whether we want it or not
24:17is not what we should do
24:20about new technologies.
24:23The only conclusion we can draw
24:26about the link between man and technology
24:29is that they are inseparable.
24:32They are part of our life.
24:35The stories of our origins
24:38always speak of technology.
24:41That means that we have to think
24:44about the ethical aspects of the use of technology,
24:47not whether we want it or not.
24:56This is an important feeding area
24:59for many migratory birds.
25:02They stay here for a long time
25:05while it is not too cold.
25:08They are shallow lagoons with a lot of nutrients.
25:11And the tide makes them particularly attractive
25:14for the Zancuda birds.
25:17If we pay attention,
25:20you can hear the hum of the highways
25:23in the southern part of Randstad,
25:26which is a few kilometers from here.
25:29There are boats, windmills ...
25:32There is the huge national park.
25:35And it is here, in this park,
25:38where the birds come to rest.
25:52We are very strict with the few areas
25:55we allow access to.
25:58There are marked trails.
26:00If someone uses a drone to fly over the park,
26:03it will bother the aquatic and Zancuda birds
26:06that take refuge here.
26:09And we can't allow that.
26:14We are crossing the central part of the park.
26:20In recent years,
26:23we have seen drones in the airspace
26:26of the national park several times.
26:28They flew close to the flock of birds
26:31to take pictures
26:34and disturbed the tranquility of the animals.
26:37That is why we have added rules
26:40related to drones in our regulations.
26:43There are many citizens who want to emulate
26:46professional naturalists
26:49and get the same type of photographs.
26:52They walk around the park with robots
26:55without realizing that catching the birds
26:58has been precisely their drone
27:01that has caused them to fly.
27:04So what they have recorded
27:07has been a bunch of stressed animals,
27:10not a documentary of nature.
27:16On the Internet and on social networks,
27:19people publish videos,
27:22some wonderful, filmed with drones.
27:25That means that the damage is already done.
27:28There are more and more,
27:31especially among individuals.
27:34And those people are not usually
27:37familiar with the regulations.
27:40They should be, but it seems like a nightmare
27:43to find out how it is regulated.
27:46So in 2015 we decided to actively communicate
27:49the rules that govern the Bisbos Park.
27:52This is an area of wetlands
27:55that receives many visitors.
27:58And that's why we have to establish
28:01some rules to maintain the balance
28:04between nature and the recreational use of the area.
28:23When I started with this hobby,
28:25I didn't know what could and couldn't be done.
28:28There were only rules for remote-controlled toys
28:31that could be used for all kinds of interpretations.
28:34They were very brief,
28:37and they didn't mention drones or from afar.
28:40I couldn't find much,
28:43so I thought there was no problem.
28:46The policemen I met liked a lot what they were doing.
28:49Everything seemed very innocent to me
28:52until I saw what people uploaded to the Internet.
28:55And that was the bad side.
28:58That people could abuse it.
29:05I remember that a few years ago
29:08someone started flying a drone at an airport
29:11to record the planes taking off and landing.
29:14As is normal, that made it necessary
29:17to create a whole regulation about it.
29:20In all countries,
29:23authorities are checking
29:26that they must take measures
29:29because of the risk these devices pose for security.
29:35Airport security shows
29:38how complex the rules that regulate its use can be.
29:41We don't want drones near airports.
29:45But there are exceptions.
29:48Like this one,
29:51a drone designed to scare away birds.
29:54Transmitter on.
30:05Ready?
30:08Yes.
30:11Very good. Here we go.
30:18Our problem is that we want to use our robots at airports,
30:21but there are no rules about it.
30:24It's illegal.
30:27Drones and planes are a bad combination
30:30which is better avoided.
30:33But our purpose is to increase security
30:36because this drone scares away birds
30:39and we have designed a series of procedures to do it safely.
30:42However, the authorities don't see it.
30:44There are some interested parties who have something to say about it.
30:47For the moment, it's absolutely illegal.
30:50Everything clear?
30:53Nothing to see.
30:56Throughout our career designing this device
30:59designed for professional use,
31:02we have faced all kinds of regulations.
31:05We constantly have to investigate the current regulations
31:08because they differ from one country to another.
31:11Every time you need a permit or a new certificate.
31:14You have to know all the rules in depth.
31:21The problem is that all users have the same consideration,
31:24whether they are hobbyists or professionals.
31:27The rule is that drones are prohibited at airports
31:30and their vicinity.
31:33But if you analyze case by case and think about what we do
31:36and how we do it, what the risks are
31:39and how we deal with them, you will see that it is totally safe.
31:42It is difficult to differentiate, of course.
31:45You have to think a lot about how drones are handled.
31:48The rules that must be established for each of them
31:51and also for each type of user.
31:57The authorities are totally lost.
32:00Drones offer many opportunities for economic activity
32:03while a new domain is opened
32:06in which companies and individuals can operate.
32:08And terrorists.
32:13There has been a frenetic reaction to the appearance of drones.
32:16The authorities are especially afraid of them.
32:19Drones near nuclear sites?
32:22What do we do? Do we train birds to hunt them?
32:25Do we have to develop anti-drone technology?
32:28They want to control something uncontrollable.
32:31And that's a problem.
32:34There are already police officers who are obtaining licenses to pilot drones.
32:37And soon the police will have their own devices.
32:40But the Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands
32:43does not reveal any information about it.
32:46Politics plays a fundamental role.
32:49If you deploy a surveillance device of the citizens
32:52you will have to determine what type of meeting is considered acceptable
32:55and when they become disturbances.
32:58At times when there is political agitation
33:01certain limits must be established.
33:03It will be necessary to define what a peaceful demonstration is
33:06and when to intervene.
33:09And for that you have to delimit the border
33:12between the dictatorial and the democratic
33:15and transfer it to the programming of drones.
33:18We are at the WBUR.
33:21This is Tom Ashbrook.
33:24The US Civil Aviation Authority
33:27estimates that one million people
33:29have received drones as a Christmas gift.
33:32You may have seen some buzzing around your neighborhood.
33:35Today we talk about the drone highways in the sky.
33:38The army, the security forces,
33:41the terrorists, the specialists in humanitarian aid
33:44and the fans have already begun
33:47to look for their place in heaven.
33:50Now it's the turn of the companies.
33:53Some time ago Amazon and Google
33:56launched an initiative to make their deliveries
33:59with drones.
34:02The most critical thought it was impossible
34:05and said it was nothing more than an advertising trick
34:08but the agency that took the man to the moon
34:11loves challenges.
34:14Obviously my dream is that there are drones
34:17in all houses and that they can be operated
34:20reliably and safely.
34:26I don't know if anyone would have imagined
34:29ten years ago that the sky was going to be filled
34:32with planes.
34:35So now it's very hard to visualize
34:38what the future airspace may look like.
34:41I would like the drones
34:44to be able to have a personal use.
34:47That you could check the roof
34:50or if you have left the bomb to blow the football
34:53in the field or if a friend has one
34:56you can send the robot to pick it up.
34:59But in 1977 the same thing happened.
35:02People said, why would we want to have
35:05a computer in every house?
35:08So it's possible that this technology will be reliable,
35:11safe and omnipresent.
35:14In the NASA research facilities in Silicon Valley
35:17the Autopista en el Cielo project is being developed.
35:20They predict that in the future the airspace
35:23will be filled with an immense amount of drones
35:26and they are establishing the operational requirements
35:29with Amazon and Google.
35:32This is San Francisco.
35:35And this is a bay bridge.
35:38The vehicle is right now flying over the bridge
35:41and the vicinity.
35:44The blue line shows the trajectory of the drone
35:47and the limited area is the part of the airspace
35:50that is blocked so that other drones
35:53or other vehicles cannot enter.
35:56These images could be used to inspect the bridge
35:59and the agricultural use
36:02to monitor the crops.
36:05I'm activating it right now.
36:08It has a cloud-based architecture
36:11in which we can change the flight path
36:14and notify the other operators of our position.
36:17The operators are responsible for not interfering
36:20in the movements of the other vehicles.
36:24A lot of people think that we are talking about
36:26highways in the sky,
36:29but in reality the best way to describe it
36:32is to talk about flexibility whenever possible
36:35and structure only when necessary.
36:39The operational requirements that we identify
36:42could be directly applicable to other countries,
36:45including the Europeans, of course.
36:48The airspace is so far
36:51a public space in its majority
36:53and is thought of in its commercial use.
36:56Companies are looking for ways
36:59to use it efficiently with drones.
37:02All this, of course, without interfering
37:05in air traffic and so on.
37:08It is a drastic change.
37:12Obviously, there are many interested
37:15in starting operations on a large scale,
37:18like Amazon and Google, but they are not the only ones.
37:20There are a lot of others,
37:23so we are working on all of them.
37:26What really excites me about this adventure
37:29of lighting a business of billions of dollars
37:32is that, if you think about it,
37:35the number of unmanned aerial vehicles
37:38registered in the United States
37:41is already higher than that of the aircraft
37:44that are registered in the United States,
37:47so we are in a new era.
37:50No one would dare to privatize
37:53the airspace, even if they wanted to.
37:56However, if the airspace is not regulated,
37:59we will have a second Internet,
38:02a public space dominated by ten large business groups
38:05that requires enormous efforts
38:08to keep it public.
38:20I'm going to make it go up and put it in planning mode.
38:45In the future, they will be confused with the landscape,
38:47because they will be small
38:50or seem to be part of the environment.
38:53We are already giving them the shape of insects or birds.
38:56Maybe they fly too high to see them,
38:59so they will be invisible,
39:02but they will be part of our daily life.
39:05They will integrate into our environment.
39:08We have to be aware of this,
39:11because that means that we will not realize
39:14that we have a drone flying over us.
39:18At the moment,
39:21the law requires us that biomechanical drones
39:24are piloted by one person.
39:27It has to be controlled by one person.
39:30Obviously, the device has an incorporated computer
39:33that does most of the work,
39:36but our goal is to get it to operate
39:39in a totally autonomous way.
39:42We want to get the human being out of the equation
39:44and we want to get robots that are not intelligent,
39:47that are completely handled manually,
39:50and that is very limited.
39:53The real revolution,
39:56which would be the fourth industrial revolution,
39:59is that these flying robots,
40:02land or swimming robots,
40:05are increasingly more intelligent
40:08and operate alone,
40:11without the need for 20 or 30 people
40:14to operate them.
40:22You see, particularly in the military,
40:25strange things.
40:28I have seen images of drones received at the United States base
40:31with a kind of welcome parade
40:34and fire trucks spraying them with water as they go.
40:37It is one of the first technologies
40:40that makes us get used to a world
40:42where drones have their own agencies or organizations
40:45and start to do things that were not planned.
40:48They are taking control.
40:51Drones are becoming more and more autonomous
40:54and there is not much left for them to choose their own objectives
40:57and they will decide who to kill.
41:00It is very important that we consider these issues as soon as possible.
41:03Retroceda, the weather service traffic has an alpha priority.
41:06Negative.
41:09We are at a point where it is urgent to think about drones
41:12more than versatile aircraft.
41:15Artificial intelligence is developing to such an extent
41:18that we will soon have autonomous devices in the sky.
41:21And those devices
41:24will be able to do all kinds of things
41:27that we should be responsible for.
41:30In war, they will decide whether to kill someone or not.
41:34In an autonomous car,
41:37they will also make decisions such as causing an accident
41:39or crashing against a bridge
41:42to avoid running over an old woman.
41:45Technology is going to face the dilemmas
41:48that the human being faces.
41:51These are problems that are now becoming visible
41:54when we have to program them on our own devices.
41:57We have to consider the ethical and legal implications.
42:00These are decisions that we cannot leave in the hands
42:03of engineers and drone manufacturers
42:06or Amazon, a company that wants to take you shopping
42:09with a drone.
42:12Society must be responsible for the use of airspace
42:15because it is public.
42:18Who is designing our future?
42:21Who is deciding what the societies we live in are going to be?
42:24Because if we just take the technologies that we can
42:27without considering the policies and the forms of power
42:30that they contain, if we use them without being critical
42:33and without questioning them,
42:36the only thing we will do is follow the path that they suggest to us.
42:39What does this device tell me about the way the world works?
42:42What does it show me about the possible networks of communication?
42:45What does it tell me about the companies that have the power
42:48to develop something like this?
42:51And if that is not the future that I want,
42:54how could that knowledge be used?
42:57Not the object itself, but the networks themselves.
43:00Can we see how they have shaped the world
43:03and will continue to shape it in turn?
43:09There is a very appropriate Greek myth
43:12to describe the relationship
43:15between man and technology.
43:18It is said that man and technology
43:21are the opposite of each other.
43:24In fact, man and technology
43:27are the opposite of each other.
43:30In fact, man and technology
43:33are the opposite of each other.
43:36Daedalus made wings
43:39so that his son, Icarus,
43:42could fly.
43:45He made them with wax and feathers,
43:48but he had to know how to use them.
43:51He warned his son not to fly too high
43:54because if he approached the sun,
43:57the wax of his wings would melt.
44:00But not too low either,
44:02he had to get the right balance.
44:05But you can't stop either.
44:08Innovation advances.
44:11Without a doubt, you crash.
44:14You have to move forward,
44:17keep flying to answer the question
44:20how to build the path
44:23to manage the technology that is emerging.
44:26You have to take responsibility for technology
44:29instead of distancing yourself from it.
44:32NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology