Working of synchronous Motor Fully Explained with 3D Animation.. How Synchronous Motor Works?

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Transcript

00:00Synchronous motors, as the name suggests, operate at a constant speed regardless of the load.

00:06They are known for their high efficiency and are mainly used in high precision applications.

00:11This constant speed characteristic is achieved through the interaction of a constant magnetic field and a rotating magnetic field.

00:19Like other motors, synchronous motors are composed of a stator and a rotor.

00:24The stator core is made of laminated silicon wafers and is insulated with a surface coating to minimize current and magnetic losses.

00:32The stator uses a three-phase winding and its phase sequence is the same as the rotors.

00:38The magnetic field coil is powered by a three-phase power supply.

00:42The rotor is excited by a DC power supply to form a rotating magnetic field that rotates at synchronous speed.

00:50The rotor itself can also be a permanent magnet.

00:53The rotor of a synchronous motor generates a constant magnetic field and the stator generates a rotating magnetic field.

01:01When these magnetic fields move in the same direction and are aligned,

01:04the opposite magnetic poles of the rotor and the rotating magnetic field will attract each other, causing them to magnetically lock.

01:12This means that the rotor will rotate at the same speed or synchronous speed as the rotating magnetic field.

01:19The synchronous speed can be easily controlled by adjusting the power supply frequency of the motor, allowing for precise speed control.

01:27But if the rotor has no initial rotation, the situation is different.

01:31Initially, the rotor is attracted by the south pole of the rotating magnetic field and starts to move in the same direction.

01:38Due to the inertia of the rotor, the starting speed is very low.

01:41When the north pole of the rotating magnetic field turns over, it will generate repulsion with the north pole of the rotor.

01:49Thus hindering the movement.

01:51The starting synchronous motor cannot start automatically.

01:54In order to achieve self-starting, the tip of the rotor magnet is cleverly installed with a squirrel cage arrangement during startup.

02:01Initially, the rotor magnetic field coil is not energized, so the rotating magnetic field will induce a current on the squirrel cage bars, causing the rotor to start rotating.

02:11Similar to an induction motor, after the rotor reaches its maximum speed, the rotor field coil is energized.

02:17The rotor is locked on each magnetic base of the rotating magnetic field and rotates at synchronous speed.

02:25When the rotor rotates at synchronous speed, the relative motion between the squirrel cage and the rotating magnetic field is zero.

02:33This means the force and current on the squirrel cage rod are zero, thus achieving synchronous operation.

02:40As long as the load is within the motor's capability, the synchronous motor can produce a constant rotational speed regardless of the motor load.

02:49If the external torque load exceeds the torque produced by the motor, the motor will lose synchronization and stop.

02:56Too low operating power supply voltage or too low magnetic field voltage will also cause the motor to lose synchronization.

03:03Synchronous motors can also be used as alternators.

03:06Synchronous motors have a wide range of applications.

03:09The rated power is usually between 150 kilowatts and 15 megawatts.

03:14The rated speed ranges from 150 rpm to 1800 rpm.

03:19I hope you learned something new from this video.

03:22If you did, please give it a thumbs up and let me know what you think in the comments below.

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