How Laser Light Works? Working of Laser Light Explained with 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00The person who invented the laser is really a genius. A thin monochromatic

00:05light can illuminate hundreds or thousands of meters and it also has high

00:09energy. So what exactly is its principle? Laser is an acronym for light

00:14amplification by stimulated emission of radiation which was discovered by

00:18Einstein around 1916. First of all we must know that matter is composed of

00:24atoms. The center of the atom is the nucleus and the outside of the nucleus

00:29is surrounded by electrons in fixed orbits. This is the Bohr model of the

00:33atom. Okay understood. Let's take the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom as an

00:38example because it only has one electron. Under normal circumstances electrons are

00:44in the innermost orbit which is the lowest energy and most stable state of

00:48the electron. We can define this orbit as zero level but electrons can also have

00:53multiple discrete energy levels at the same time. We use 1 1 and 1 2 to

00:59represent the orbits. When an electron absorbs an energy equal to the energy

01:04level difference the electron will jump to a higher orbit which is called

01:08stimulated absorption. But the electron is unstable at the higher orbit. In a

01:14short time the electron will jump to a lower orbit and emit a photon. This is

01:18called spontaneous emission. Stimulated emission of radiation occurs when a

01:23photon is absorbed by an electron in a higher orbit and then another photon is

01:28emitted in a short time. The photon produced then has the same frequency

01:33polarization and phase as the first photon. Got this. Looking at the

01:37application in lasers, lasers have a resonant cavity and an excitation medium

01:43which can be a gas, liquid or solid. There are two mirrors. One is a fully

01:48reflective mirror and the other is a semi-transparent mirror and there is a

01:52light pump surrounding the cavity. It inputs light energy into the excitation

01:57medium of the laser, exciting the atoms to a high energy excited state. When an

02:02electron returns from an excited state to a low energy excited state, once the

02:06initial photon is emitted, if there are atoms in other excited states, stimulated

02:12emission will be triggered and the photon will be reflected back and forth

02:15in the optical cavity. These reflected photons will trigger more stimulated

02:20emission, forming a chain reaction of photons, generating more photons. This

02:26process is called light amplification. Big. Some of the photons exit through the

02:33semi-mirror, creating a highly focused, coherent, monochromatic and directional

02:38beam. Although different types of lasers work in different ways, their basic

02:43principles are largely the same. Lasers have unique properties that make them

02:48widely used in many fields. Because laser photons have high energy density and

02:53focus and can carry a large amount of energy, they have good application

02:58prospects in the military field. Because the speed of light is the fastest speed

03:02in the world after all, the only martial arts in the world is fast. Like, comment,

03:07share and follow.

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