How Microphone & Loudspeaker works? Working of Microphone Explained with 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00Have you ever wondered how a microphone or loudspeaker works?

00:03Essentially, a microphone converts sound into an electrical signal,

00:07while a loudspeaker converts an electrical signal into sound.

00:11But before diving into how these devices function, let's understand what sound is.

00:17Sound is the propagation of mechanical waves in an elastic medium,

00:21whether solid, liquid, or gas.

00:24It's what enables us to hear underwater, but not in a vacuum,

00:28where there's no medium for vibrations to travel.

00:31Sound waves can be represented as two-dimensional waves,

00:35characterized by amplitude, frequency, measured in hertz, and period of oscillation.

00:41These characteristics determine the volume and pitch of the sound.

00:45Our ability to perceive sound direction is enabled by having two ears,

00:50detecting time lags between waves reaching each ear.

00:54Converting sound in the air into an electrical signal

00:57involves transforming linear motion into electricity,

01:01similar to how Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction works.

01:05Replicating the fast oscillations of sound waves requires a system

01:10that faithfully amplifies vibrations while filtering out unwanted noise.

01:16Inside a microphone, a capsule composed of a magnet, coil, and diaphragm

01:21converts sound vibrations into an electrical signal.

01:24Conversely, a loudspeaker uses an electrical signal

01:27to drive a coil attached to a diaphragm, producing sound.

01:31The similarity in components means you can indeed

01:34use a loudspeaker as a microphone, and vice versa.

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