El Imperio Carolingio, bajo el liderazgo de Carlomagno, marcó una época de transformación y expansión en Europa durante el siglo IX. Este documental se adentra en la vida y obra de Carlomagno, conocido como el "Padre de Europa". Analizaremos su papel en la unificación de los reinos francos y su impacto en la cultura, la religión y la política de la época. Carlomagno no solo expandió su imperio a través de conquistas, sino que también promovió la educación y la reforma religiosa, estableciendo escuelas y monasterios que fueron fundamentales para la preservación del conocimiento clásico.
En este documental, exploraremos cómo su coronación como emperador por el Papa León III en el año 800 d.C. simbolizó el renacimiento del Imperio Romano en Occidente. A lo largo de nuestra narrativa, destacaremos las estrategias militares de Carlomagno, su visión política y su legado que perdura hasta nuestros días. Además, discutiremos cómo el Imperio Carolingio sentó las bases para la Europa medieval y su influencia en la formación de las naciones europeas modernas.
Acompáñanos en este viaje educativo a través de la historia, donde descubrirás la grandeza del Imperio Carolingio y el impacto duradero de Carlomagno en el desarrollo de Europa.
#ImperioCarolingio, #Carlomagno, #Historia
Imperio Carolingio, Carlomagno, historia de Europa, legado de Carlomagno, expansión del imperio, coronación de Carlomagno, cultura carolingia, educación en la Edad Media, estrategias militares, influencia en Europa.
En este documental, exploraremos cómo su coronación como emperador por el Papa León III en el año 800 d.C. simbolizó el renacimiento del Imperio Romano en Occidente. A lo largo de nuestra narrativa, destacaremos las estrategias militares de Carlomagno, su visión política y su legado que perdura hasta nuestros días. Además, discutiremos cómo el Imperio Carolingio sentó las bases para la Europa medieval y su influencia en la formación de las naciones europeas modernas.
Acompáñanos en este viaje educativo a través de la historia, donde descubrirás la grandeza del Imperio Carolingio y el impacto duradero de Carlomagno en el desarrollo de Europa.
#ImperioCarolingio, #Carlomagno, #Historia
Imperio Carolingio, Carlomagno, historia de Europa, legado de Carlomagno, expansión del imperio, coronación de Carlomagno, cultura carolingia, educación en la Edad Media, estrategias militares, influencia en Europa.
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00:00In this video we present to you the most important relic of the Saxons, the legendary Yrminsul.
00:11Carlomagno manages to reach the main relic of the Saxons, the legendary Yrminsul.
00:20It is an imposing tree that, according to the Saxon religion, sustains the whole universe.
00:30It is the most important relic of the Saxons, the legendary Yrminsul.
00:43Bring the torches.
00:46Majesty, with permission.
00:49This is the most sacred place for the Saxons.
00:52Yrminsul is the direct union with their gods.
00:55It is not a small church built by men who can rebuild later.
01:01Every war needs a legitimation.
01:04In this case, the destruction of a pagan sanctuary works perfectly as a legitimation strategy.
01:11Carlomagno's goal is the same from the beginning.
01:15Weakening paganism, extirpating it, erecting Christian altars and Christian churches in the territory of the pagans and introducing Christian organizations.
01:26The conquest of Yrminsul is of great help in its purpose.
01:43Turn it on.
01:55Turn it on.
02:14From the beginning, the goal of Carlomagno's campaign against the Saxons was to obtain a good booty to stimulate his nobles and soldiers.
02:22In the Saxon forests there is a sacrificial cave that hides it.
02:52The Franks knew that the Saxons were hiding a large amount of gold and silver in their sanctuary.
03:09Carlomagno needed a good booty in 772 to reinforce his power and get his nephews out of Lombardy.
03:17Everything was related.
03:20The different campaigns were connected.
03:26At the same time, very far from Saxony, Pope Adrian takes a decision.
03:34Desiderio, you came to me to ask me to confirm the children of the late Carlomagno as his heirs to the Frank throne.
03:42We have reached a conclusion and we trust that it is the right one, with the help of God.
03:48The crown of the kingdom of Carlomagno only has a legitimate heir, King Charles.
03:53In Saxony he is proving that he is the true sword of God.
03:57Even so, King Charles is an usurper, Your Holiness.
04:01Are you sure of your decision?
04:06Have you considered the safety of Rome?
04:12Are you threatening me, dear Desiderio?
04:17My decision is irrevocable.
04:25Master, is it true that Desiderio, angry, came to attack Rome?
04:31Master?
04:34Master?
04:35Master?
04:38Master?
04:41Master?
04:42Yes, yes.
04:44Pope Adrian was between the sword and the wall.
04:49He threatened Desiderio with excommunication, but it was useless.
04:55When he saw himself in danger, he asked King Charles for help.
04:59King Charles.
05:04Write, Johannes.
05:09Pippinus, Charles' father, had already gone to war against the Lombards to help the Pope.
05:21Now Charles had the same reason to declare war.
05:29However, in this campaign he would face greater difficulties.
05:35And the result was also different.
05:39It is likely that in the year 773 or 774, the idea of a war against the Lombards was not supported by everyone.
05:48Especially because Queen Viola Gerberga, the sister-in-law of Charles the Great, had taken refuge there with her children.
05:54And surely she had support among the notable Franks.
05:57I would say that the war against the Lombards required some more preparation and power of conviction than a summer campaign against the Saxons, which could be undertaken almost without risk.
06:27Your Majesty.
06:29Excuse me.
06:31They just informed me that you were here.
06:35I came without warning.
06:37To what do we owe the honor of your visit?
06:43Do you have any doubts?
06:46You are a good interpreter of the human soul.
06:49Well, yes.
06:50You have no doubt.
06:53You are a good interpreter of the human soul.
06:56Well, since the burial of your father you have not returned here.
07:01And you come now that there is a war in Cirnes.
07:05You do not have to be a wise man to interpret the soul of a child.
07:09Your situation is very complicated.
07:12Your father already lost the favor of many princes when he faced the Lombards.
07:17But he won the war.
07:18There were no suitors to the throne of your father sitting at the table of the Lombards.
07:22The children of your brother have many friends in our kingdom.
07:25I should have ... I should not have let them go.
07:28God will reward your benevolence.
07:31But I can not let Desiderio do whatever he wants.
07:34It would be a terrible sign of weakness.
07:36Of course there must be consequences.
07:39But measure well your actions.
07:42Use the weaknesses of your enemy.
07:47Desiderio does not seem stupid.
07:49But it is said that he is exceptionally arrogant.
07:53Play with his presumption.
07:55Cross the Alps with your army and negotiate with him.
07:59Negotiate?
08:01That he believes that you are afraid of him.
08:03Behave as if you wanted to avoid the battle by all means.
08:07So he will make mistakes.
08:09Believe me.
08:11Nothing is as useful as pretending to be weak to an enemy.
08:13And what do I do with the undecided nobles?
08:16Well, for a campaign in which Lombard blood will not be spilled,
08:21I am sure you will find enough nobles willing.
08:24And when you are on the road,
08:27and Desiderio despises your offer of peace,
08:31everything will be possible.
08:34You should know if he is a military strategist.
08:37Anyway, I guide men to battle.
08:40Although the battles are a little different.
08:43You will see.
08:50In the summer of 773, the campaign against the Lombards began.
08:55The army of Charlemagne crossed the Alps in two columns.
08:59One through the valley of Aosta,
09:01and the other, led by the king, through Mount Senís.
09:04The two groups would meet in the west of Turin,
09:08in the valley of Susa.
09:10That was the plan.
09:14More than 3,000 people make up this army.
09:18In addition to the regular soldiers, there are about 1,000 members of the royal court.
09:25In the Middle Ages, there were carriages with suspension.
09:29Only simple carts for women and children.
09:34For Queen Hildegard, this means an additional effort.
09:39Charlemagne does not want her to accompany him, and she does.
09:42In the campaign of Italy, he faces the cold of the Alps,
09:45with an advanced pregnancy.
09:48Hildegard's life with Charlemagne was not easy.
09:52He always wanted me to be by his side.
09:55So she, although she was often pregnant,
09:59accompanied him on almost all his trips.
10:02He was also in the campaign against the Lombards of Pavia.
10:05That is, he crossed the Alps in winter,
10:09with Charlemagne, his eldest son, and his stepson Pippin.
10:20Crossing the Alps in the Middle Ages was a very dangerous adventure.
10:27Especially in winter, when snow and ice blocked the roads.
10:32On one occasion, according to legend,
10:35a miracle saved the Franks from a safe death
10:39during an unexpected storm.
10:46In the middle of the Alps,
10:49Charlemagne and his son, Pippin,
10:52crossed the Alps in winter,
10:55with Charlemagne, his eldest son, Pippin.
10:59Legend also tells that Charlemagne
11:02ordered the construction of a temple
11:05in gratitude for the miraculous salvation.
11:13The small church of Saint Benedict of Mals
11:16is one of the few monuments that are preserved from the Carolingian era.
11:21Its founder wanted to immortalize himself in a fresco,
11:24which allows us to know how the noble Franks dressed.
11:29This has a richly decorated sword.
11:33Much has been speculated about his identity,
11:36and the theories range from a noble close to the king,
11:39to Charlemagne's son, Pippin.
11:47It took weeks to cross the Alps.
11:50Desiderio, as expected, rejected the offer of peace.
11:54Charlemagne's plan was going according to plan,
11:56and his soldiers had a strategy.
12:00A problem with the campaign against the Lombards
12:03was to avoid the parades.
12:06According to some sources, a group of Franks surrounded a parade
12:09and attacked the Lombards from behind.
12:12Charlemagne's rapid penetration in northern Italy
12:15could only be carried out if he had the support
12:18of some passers-by from Desiderio.
12:21He could have achieved it through bribes,
12:23or perhaps thanks to a good strategy.
12:31The Lombards expect to attack the Franks from above in the parade,
12:35but they do not realize that there is another detachment of Franks
12:38approaching from behind.
12:42Surprised, Desiderio took refuge with his army
12:45behind the powerful walls of his capital, Pavia.
12:48Years later, a chronicler describes the impressive arrival
12:51of the Frankish army at the gates of Pavia.
12:54Finally, an iron man arrived.
12:57It was Charles.
13:00The iron covered everything and reflected the brightness of the sun.
13:10But the Lombards did not give up,
13:13and Charlemagne decided to attack.
13:15A dangerous mission just before winter.
13:26He should have planned to besiege the city from the beginning.
13:29Otherwise, it would not have been possible.
13:32The siege was very long.
13:35It lasted nine months, including those of winter,
13:38because it started in September and ended in June.
13:41They had to have a certain logistical preparation
13:43and technical.
13:50To maintain the enthusiasm of the nobles,
13:53Charlemagne did not stop organizing banquets
13:56in the winter camp.
14:13Your sister has a fever.
14:16When will the child be born?
14:19Only God knows when the child will come into the world.
14:24Do not worry about my brother.
14:27I'm fine.
14:30You should not be here.
14:33I have to go.
14:36I have to go.
14:39I have to go.
14:41You should not be here.
14:44I am the queen.
14:47My duty is to be by my husband's side.
14:53None of us should be here.
15:12Brother-in-law.
15:15What prevents you from enjoying the party?
15:18Majesty.
15:21A battle for the Church and for the Pope
15:24does not give you the right to surrender to sin in that way.
15:27Drink.
15:30Only a good Christian will win this war.
15:33And I do not see anyone here.
15:36While you have fun, my sister is suffering
15:38and she has a son in the store with you.
15:41Be careful with what you say.
15:44Do not party.
15:47And drink with us, Querol.
15:53As the saying goes,
15:56when the river sounds,
15:59water brings.
16:02The contemporaries
16:05were scandalized
16:08for having a son.
16:11It had not been ten years since his death
16:14when it was said that he was in hell,
16:18where a beast bit his genitals
16:21to punish him for ...
16:24Well, it is clear why he was punishing him.
16:35Time passes
16:38and history does not bear fruit.
16:41Charlemagne travels to Rome by surprise
16:44to ask the Pope for an audience
16:47and sees the Holy City for the first time.
16:58Charlemagne was very curious
17:01to see the famous city of Rome.
17:05We know that during the High Middle Ages
17:08the Europeans of the North
17:11showed great interest in Rome,
17:14where they traveled with the hope
17:17to see much larger stone buildings
17:20than those in their countries.
17:26The visit took by surprise
17:29to Pope Adrian I,
17:32as well as the humility and emotion
17:35with which the King of the Franks behaved.
17:39We are in Rome now.
18:00Charlemagne needed a miracle.
18:03He stood in Rome
18:05And he began to climb the stairs, kissing each step.
18:10Then he embraced the Pope and offered him his left hand.
18:16The Pope took him with his right hand and accompanied him inside St. Peter.
18:21It had to be a very intense experience.
18:24Entering the Basilica of St. Peter and feeling all the spirituality of the place is something that Charlemagne did not forget in his life.
18:35Charlemagne wants the papal blessing for his campaign against the Lombards.
18:40For that he gives him a small part of his treasure.
18:45Following the tradition established by his father, he presents himself as protector of the Church and renews a great promise of donation to Adriano I.
18:53One of the reasons for Charlemagne's visit to Rome was to ask for the support of St. Peter and his successor for his campaign against the Lombards.
19:12On the contrary, he explains to us his willingness to make such an important promise of donation.
19:18The regions conquered by the Lombards would become a heritage of St. Peter.
19:32Upon Charlemagne's return, epidemics and hunger had forced Pavia to capitulate.
19:38Praised be Jesus Christ.
19:42Praised be all the saints.
19:45You see, Gerol? We are the true Christians.
19:50Indeed, Majesty. Indeed.
19:54For Charlemagne, the encounter with St. Peter was a miracle that allowed him to return and win the war.
20:09In reality, what really defeated the Lombards was the terrible epidemic that was declared in Pavia and that decimated its population.
20:18However, for the king, a relationship of protection had been established.
20:23He protected St. Peter and his lands and St. Peter protected him.
20:29Each of his triumphs was a confirmation of that belief.
20:36Charles did not ease the pressure until he forced Desiderio to surrender unconditionally through a prolonged siege.
20:44And what happened to King Desiderio?
20:47Do not be impatient, Johannes.
20:50Write.
20:53The campaign against the Lombards ended with the conquest of Italy, the excommunication of King Desiderio, the expulsion of Italy from his son Adalgiso,
21:07and the return of the goods stolen by the Lombards to Adriano, the Pope of the Church of Rome.
21:18The Lombards defeated the Lombards.
21:27Gerberga and his sons, the heirs of Charlemagne, fell into the hands of Charlemagne after the defeat of the Lombards and were sent to exile.
21:47No!
21:50No!
21:53No!
21:56No!
21:59No!
22:18Naturally, the historian can wonder about the fate of Charlemagne's nephews.
22:26And since there is no trace of them, it is possible to think that Charlemagne could have wanted his death, that he could have caused it.
22:36But there is no indication that it was so.
22:40In addition, the Carolingians, unlike the Merovingians, did not kill their rivals.
22:45Even so, that option cannot be completely discarded.
22:55Charlemagne has achieved it.
22:58From now on he can be called Rex Francorum et Langobardorum, King of the Franks and the Lombards.
23:06He already controls all of Western Europe.
23:09But peace is still far away.
23:15Majesty, the Saxons have rebelled under the command of Viducindo.
23:22They are setting fire to the Christian churches.
23:27My crown.
23:29After the victory over the Lombards, Charlemagne did not face the Saxons again.
23:52And he did it in a way never seen before.
23:56It was so brutal that it seemed that he had lost his mind.
24:00This shows that perhaps Charlemagne did not accept the defeats as he could have believed reading Heginard.
24:12Charlemagne's counterattack is cruel and ruthless.
24:25The Saxon warriors of Viducindo have no chance against the Franks.
24:55Lord, cleanse my sins. Have mercy on my soul.
25:24And purify it.
25:30Charlemagne wanted to convert the Saxons to true Christianity.
25:36And the oaths of loyalty to him were included in the package.
25:41After swearing loyalty to him, the rebellion was an act of perjury and treason.
25:50Any kind of revenge was justified.
25:56Some pretty horrible things happened.
25:59But I think in Charles's mind and the mind of contemporaries, breaking an oath to the king was something intolerable.
26:19The fiercest rival of Charlemagne was the caudillo Saxon, Viducindo.
26:49I, Viducindo, swear revenge. For all the gods.
27:09Viducindo, who was for a few years the greatest rival of Charlemagne in Saxony, belonged to the nobility of Westphalia.
27:28From the year 778, he was the engine of resistance against the Franks.
27:35Viducindo distanced himself from the other noble Saxons, who had reached an agreement with Charlemagne and relied on the middle and lower classes.
27:46If he had been successful, he could have founded a Saxon kingdom.
27:53Do you know the Greek saying that says, have the Frank as a friend, but not as a neighbor?
28:08Everyone trembled before the strength and determination of the great Charles.
28:13And rightly so. As soon as he finished his victory over the Lombards and the Saxons, he undertook his next adventure.
28:24For about 30 years, he was in war almost uninterruptedly.
28:31But let's leave this now. Let's go eat with our friend the abbot Santor, okay?
28:40I'm hungry.
28:41Yes, and I ...
28:45Preventing a safe victory, Charlemagne retires to his winter barracks.
28:51Come on, Roldán. Show that you are capable. Are you a good warrior? Come on, show it.
29:00Majesty, everyone knows that I am invincible. Let the clemency reign.
29:11What's wrong? Have you lost your mind? Are you getting old? You are so weak.
29:41You look tired.
29:55They have asked me to help the governor of Zaragoza in his fight against the emir.
30:03A campaign against the emir of Cordoba?
30:08Zaragoza wants to be independent.
30:14The governor will open the doors of the city to me and I will achieve victory.
30:23Carlos, your subjects, your soldiers and your nobles are tired of war and with permission.
30:34I am too.
30:52Between Paderborn and Zaragoza there are about 1700 kilometers.
30:57If we add all their displacements during their campaigns or between their palaces, Charlemagne traveled more than the terrestrial circumference.
31:09Military rulers were always in motion because, due to the conditions of communication of the time, they had to be seen in the different regions of their territory.
31:21This also happens during the first half of the reign of Charlemagne.
31:26We must also take into account all the displacements due to military issues.
31:31And even in times of peace, there could always be an expedition of punishment to make someone reason.
31:39I am at the limit of my strength.
31:42But I worry about you.
31:45You have changed a lot.
31:48God knows that the Carlos with whom I married was not a lamb.
31:52But I was not blind of fury, not even if I had gotten into this uncertain war.
31:56Hildegard, I have no choice.
32:00I do it because I love you.
32:03Hildegard, I have no choice.
32:07I do it in the name of the Lord.
32:11Listen to me.
32:13I beg you, don't go.
32:20God will protect me.
32:24You don't have to come with me.
32:27Some of my men will escort you on your return.
32:33I have to go.
32:47When Charlemagne arrived in Zaragoza, the situation had changed completely.
32:52The governor who had asked him for help against the emir of Cordoba had been overthrown.
32:57The city gates were closed.
33:04Ah!
33:07Ah!
33:10Charlemagne does not refuse to give up.
33:13For months he puts Zaragoza close to failure.
33:17It is the first defeat of his military career.
33:21It is true, the soldiers are weak.
33:25And there is no provision or enough water for weeks.
33:28Many have fallen ill and the insurrection can no longer ...
33:30Silence, Margrave Roldán! How dare you!
33:44The situation is so desperate.
33:47The provisions have run out and there is nothing left in the surroundings.
33:52The nobles ... the nobles ...
33:55They do not see it possible to keep the siege.
34:02Thank you for your sincerity.
34:05But tell me ...
34:08Where is my luck?
34:13Announce the withdrawal for tomorrow.
34:17You, Roldán, will protect the rear during the march.
34:21The withdrawal of Charlemagne from the Iberian Peninsula had serious consequences.
34:27He destroyed the defenses of the Christian city of Pamplona and allowed his looting.
34:51With his brutal attack on the Basques, Charlemagne did not cause a hard reprisal.
34:57Some Basque warriors attacked the French rear in the grineos.
35:02And they killed the last man.
35:09The death of Charlemagne was not the end of the war.
35:13But it was the beginning of a new war.
35:17Ah!
35:20The death of Margrave Roldán marked the bitter end of Charlemagne's adventure in the Iberian Peninsula.
35:26The attack of the Basques was the attack of a Christian people.
35:30They must have been furious because Charlemagne, after the failure of Zaragoza, decided to loot Pamplona.
35:36Looting the Christian city of Pamplona was a blunder, it must be said.
35:41That's why the Basques were so furious.
35:44A contemporary author says that the defeat was like a cloud that covered Charlemagne's soul forever.
35:52Why did it affect him so much?
35:55He had lost the loot he hoped to obtain in the conquered cities.
36:01Which was, in a sense, the economic objective of the campaign.
36:06But there is something else.
36:09Some of his closest companions, including Roldán, died in the battle.
36:17It was a terrible blow to faith and the honor of Charlemagne.
36:22He saw his closest companions die, the ones he trusted.
36:27The campaign of Spain, and what remains between us, was a debacle.
36:34Has anyone written about the mistakes of the Roman Caesars?
36:39No.
36:41And I'm not going to do it either.
36:44No one is infallible, Johannes.
36:47Not even the best Christian of all rulers.
36:53My mission is to present his life as an example for future generations.
36:59Therefore, I will write, King Charles crossed the Pyrenees,
37:07took all the cities and castles he besieged,
37:13and retreated without losses.
37:17In his retreat, he managed to survive the treacherous attack of the Basques.
37:22It is likely that Eginardo had the intention to inform
37:27with veracity in his biography of Charlemagne.
37:31I do not know any passage that the current investigation
37:35considers incorrect, or said plainly, where he has lied.
37:40But like all narrators, he selected the material he wanted to include
37:45and how to present it.
37:47In addition, understandably, he tries to present Charlemagne
37:51under the most favorable light possible.
37:55He feels veneration for Charlemagne,
37:59and that also conditions his writing,
38:03but there are no clashes with the truth.
38:07Pedro Eginardo was not the only one who silenced
38:11or reinterpreted the defeat of Charlemagne in Spain.
38:14Others turned the humiliation suffered in the Pyrenees
38:18into a true heroic epic.
38:22An example is in the Cantar de Roldán.
38:26The manuscript Stricker, from the 13th century,
38:30preserved in San Galo, illustrates this story.
38:34The various miniatures show what happened like a movie.
38:44According to legend, the Margrave Roldán
38:47was carrying an elephant, a horn with which he could ask for help
38:51to Charlemagne, but the help came late,
38:54and the king could only mourn the death of his friend.
39:08The oldest edition of the Cantar de Roldán
39:11is in the Oxford Manuscript of the 12th century.
39:16It is the original text of the epic history.
39:23The philologist Wolf Steinsick has translated it from ancient French.
39:35In the Cantar de Roldán, Charlemagne is not a brilliant hero.
39:39According to the text, he is a ruler of 200 years,
39:43surrounded by young and dynamic nobles.
39:47Every time he finds himself in a complex situation,
39:50he shaves his beard and begins to cry without knowing what to do.
39:54Then he goes to God, who gives him his help.
39:58In the Cantar de Roldán, he ends up exclaiming,
40:01how painful my life is.
40:04He is not the typical hero,
40:06but the text is a heroic narrative.
40:11The victory of Christianity over the unfaithful,
40:15and the victory of the faithful vassals over the traitors.
40:32While Charlemagne returns from Spain,
40:34a new rebellion of the Saxons breaks out.
40:38This time, the warriors of the noble Viduquindo
40:41annihilate the Franco occupiers.
40:54Viduquindo is becoming the greatest nightmare of Charlemagne.
41:05No other war was so long, so exasperating and painful for the Francos.
41:13It would have been possible to put an end to it much earlier,
41:20if it had not been for the betrayal of the Saxons.
41:25Well, Master Johannes, you can continue.
41:29You can continue.
41:33It is difficult to know how many times the Saxons were besieged
41:40and submitted to the king.
41:43How many times they swore to abandon idolatry and embrace Christianity.
41:48But they were increasingly in a hurry to break the promise.
41:54Here we are.
41:56Keep writing.
42:00In this war, many noble Francos and Saxons fell.
42:06Among them, the highest dignitaries.
42:17He will be sentenced to death penalty to whoever celebrates a funeral according to the pagan custom,
42:23handing over the body to the flames.
42:30And he will die who offers a human victim to the devil
42:36and according to the pagan custom, the presence before the idols as an offering.
42:42He will die who takes the church by assault and with violence,
42:47or who hands it over to the flames.
42:50Also who murders a bishop, a priest, or a deacon.
43:00After the defeat against the Saxons in the year 782,
43:05Charlemagne faced a serious problem.
43:09Many Francos had died and he needed to be legitimized.
43:14As he had only achieved one victory, he decided to adopt a drastic measure.
43:20He decided to give up his position as a bishop
43:25As he had only achieved one victory, he decided to adopt a drastic measure.
43:30He ordered the execution of about 4,500 Saxons.
43:36Charlemagne took an exemplary measure of inaudible cruelty.
43:41He led Verden to the leaders of the Saxon insurrection
43:45and ordered them to be beheaded and thrown into the river.
43:48There is no doubt about the number of 4,500 executed,
43:54which is mentioned in a passage of difficult reading of the annals of the empire.
43:59It is a very high figure and from experience,
44:03we know that in medieval sources the figures of military events are exaggerated.
44:09What cannot be denied is that a great massacre took place
44:14with a very high number of victims.
44:17If you want to preserve life, tell me where your boss is.
44:21Where is Viducrindo?
44:24Give it to me!
44:31No!
44:34No!
44:37No!
44:40No!
44:43No!
44:45No!
44:49For Charlemagne, Viducrindo was a serious problem.
44:53Viducrindo was successful in his war against the Franks,
44:57but when Charlemagne appeared, the Saxon fled the confrontations.
45:03That behavior was very offensive to Charlemagne,
45:07since he considered that form of war as a personal challenge,
45:11not to say an insult.
45:15Charlemagne still could not find a way to end the furious resistance of the Saxons.
45:45© transcript Emily Beynon