AI Revolution - Episode 1 - Future of Work (2024) - video Dailymotion

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AI REVOLUTION (2024) - Mini Series - 3 episodes  A three-part documentary exploring the impact of AI on work, economies, and ethics. The series examines how AI influences societal norms, highlighting the threats and challenges, but also its role as a trans-formative force in modern life.  Episode 1 - Future of Work The guests, from the bustling streets of London to the heart of Silicon Valley, explore AI's opportunities and challenges while envisioning the future of work.  Episode 2 - AI and Global Economy AI is everywhere, promising profound changes to economies and livelihoods. The interviewees examine AI's potential to bridge digital divides.  Episode 3 - Ethics of AI Ethical complexities of AI. This exploration delves into privacy issues, biases, and accountability challenges.

Transcript

00:00Imagine a world where robots and machines do the work of humans, and where productivity,

00:08efficiency, and innovation are at an all-time high.

00:12This is the world of artificial intelligence, AI, a rapidly developing technology that is

00:22transforming the way we live and work.

00:27At first glance, the benefits of AI seem clear.

00:30It can create new opportunities for workers to learn new skills, collaborate with machines,

00:36and engage in creative problem-solving.

00:39People are going to have to get good at prompts.

00:41The rise of AI also poses challenges and risks for society and individuals.

00:47With AI increasingly capable of disrupting existing jobs, markets, and institutions,

00:53the question arises, what is the future of work?

00:56As more and more jobs are automated, how will workers adapt to the changing landscape?

01:02We seem to be developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences of

01:05those tools.

01:06But the impact of AI goes beyond just the workplace.

01:10It also raises ethical, legal, and social issues.

01:14And it's not just our jobs and institutions that are at risk, but also our very identity

01:19as humans.

01:20That's why it's essential for leaders and citizens to take responsibility for shaping

01:25the development and use of AI in a responsible manner.

01:29We can create a future that benefits everyone.

01:32Join us as we explore the exciting possibilities and challenging realities of AI.

01:50Jerry Kaplan is widely known as an artificial intelligence expert, serial entrepreneur,

02:10technical innovator, educator, best-selling author, and futurist.

02:16What is artificial intelligence?

02:18Well, you may not know this, but you're talking to a robot.

02:24Artificial intelligence is not a science.

02:26It's not like chemistry or physics, because there's no underlying fundamental theory that

02:32drives the field.

02:34Instead, artificial intelligence is kind of an overarching term for a collection of software

02:40technologies that are generally, generally around solving classes of problems that today

02:46we think requires human intelligence or attention.

02:50AI is having a significant impact in the area of education, and that's just one of the many

02:55fields that it's going to revolutionize over the next five to 10 years.

03:00To understand the effect of artificial intelligence on labor markets and jobs, it's helpful to

03:05understand that artificial intelligence is simply the next wave of automation.

03:11And it will have the same kinds of effects as previous waves of automation.

03:17Previous waves of automation have consistently had the same pattern in terms of what they

03:22do to the workforce and what they do to jobs.

03:25The first is, of course, that some people lose their jobs.

03:28This is the short-term effect, and that's simply because automation is the substitution

03:33of capital and machinery for human labor.

03:36That's the point.

03:37That's the whole purpose.

03:38But what that does is it reduces costs in organizations, and it increases productivity

03:45of the remaining employees.

03:47As a result, the products can be cheaper, and sometimes new products become possible.

03:53And in fact, that's exactly what happened here in the United States in the late 1950s.

03:58Most of the population worked on farms, and within a few decades, a very small percentage

04:03of the population worked on farms.

04:05So the second effect makes the remaining workers much more productive and creates new

04:10markets, and that creates new types of opportunities for employment.

04:15That employment is usually in different professions than the ones who lost their jobs.

04:21So today, we don't sit around wringing our hands about the over one million telephone

04:28operators that lost their jobs in the U.S. in the late 20th century.

04:33What happened, of course?

04:34They got jobs in other kinds of industries.

04:37So you need to upgrade your skills to take advantage of the new technologies of automation

04:44when those occur.

04:46So if there's one of the things that I can confidently predict for you, it's that in

04:51the short run, a few people will lose their jobs.

04:54There'll be a bit of discomfort and adjustment as new types of jobs rise.

04:58But in the end, there'll be plenty of work for everyone.

05:02I'm not the least bit concerned that that's not going to be the case, or that there will

05:06be some kind of mythical jobless future, because the history of automation just clearly shows

05:12that that is not going to be the case.

05:14It's certainly going to exceed the invention of the wheel, the invention of the airplane,

05:20the invention of the light bulb.

05:22It may, in fact, in my view, be the single most important invention in human history,

05:28and I'm not exaggerating.

05:29As we move forward, let's see the impact of automation on jobs.

05:34Statistics say that 15% of the global workforce will lose jobs.

05:38On the flip side, productivity will increase by up to 25%, and about 30% of workers will

05:45find new roles.

05:46Let's consider this real-life example.

05:49In the healthcare sector, automation could handle administrative tasks.

05:53But what about the administrative staff?

05:55Will they be retrained or seek new opportunities?

05:58The ultimate goal is to harness this technology for the widespread benefit of humanity.

06:07We're talking to Mansoor Ahmed-Rangers, the founder and CEO of Open Origins.

06:12This organization is dedicated to creating a strong foundation for real and easily checked

06:17online content.

06:19They're especially focused on the fast-changing world of AI.

06:23We seem to be developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences of

06:27those tools.

06:28I think there's an open question about whether we'll even have enough opportunities for humans

06:34to do work.

06:35There are two visions that I've seen presented of the world.

06:39One where people are enabled by AI and are effectively just much more competent at their

06:45work.

06:46There is a second, slightly more dystopian version where organizations start wholesale

06:50replacing knowledge workers with AI tools, and I think that is a dystopian world because

06:56So we don't know the ways in which AI models will fail once they start getting used in

07:00these real-world scenarios.

07:02AIs can fundamentally change how we perceive the world.

07:06They can change what things we trust.

07:08And all of this means that we're losing our shared sense of reality.

07:13And governments have a responsibility to hold media organizations, AI companies, cybersecurity

07:18companies responsible for proving that the things they put out there into the world are

07:24things that are actually real and not AI-generated fabrications.

07:29Right now we have this attitude across society of pics or it didn't happen.

07:33But soon you're going to enter a stage where pics and it didn't happen.

07:37The existence of a photo does not mean that the event actually happened.

07:41We need tools that allow you to prove the photograph is real.

07:46It came from a real camera.

07:47It was taken at a particular place and time and that it hasn't been manipulated since

07:51it was taken.

07:52And only then should we trust those photos when we see them on our screens.

07:56We're rapidly heading towards a world where neither human experts nor computers can tell

08:02synthetic photos from real photos.

08:05And that will fundamentally change how we interact with each other over the internet,

08:09over television, over any form of telecommunications.

08:11If you can't trust that a photo being sent to you represents some form of reality, how

08:15do you trust anything on the internet?

08:18I think in the immediate short term, the most important role that governments have

08:23is to protect the copyright, the intellectual property of human workers.

08:28A lot of the training data that has been used by companies to train AI models was trained

08:33without the consent of the copyright holders.

08:35It was trained without the consent of the individuals who might have been creating this

08:39content under the assumption of some sort of privacy.

08:42There is an untold amount of confidential stuff that is embedded into the models that

08:48back these AI technologies.

08:51Right now, AI companies are scraping content off the internet.

08:55Companies are using the outputs of their employees to train AI models and then firing them.

08:59I think this is an unethical way to do business.

09:01And I think that that is on the whole destructive for creativity and just the human experience.

09:07You need to ask people before you use their stuff to make your models that make you billions

09:11of dollars.

09:12Content authenticity is a growing concern.

09:15Only 40% of people can distinguish real and AI-generated photos, 85% of users demand proof

09:22of authenticity, and 30% of online photos are suspected to be manipulated.

09:28Addressing this issue involves both ethical and technological solutions, from obtaining

09:33copyright consent to using AI for supervision, with companies like Open Origins leading the

09:38way.

09:39Take, for instance, the world of online dating.

09:42How can platforms ensure authentic profile pictures?

09:46What steps can be taken to protect the integrity of news media and prevent public deception?

09:53In the rapidly evolving AI world, an initiative launched by the Mayor of London illustrates

09:58the swift adoption of technology and the challenges facing both employers and employees.

10:04We're joined by Albin Remy, Head of Innovation and Life Sciences at London & Partners, who

10:09is also an experienced entrepreneur involved with scaling businesses across Europe.

10:14So AI, simply put, is the ability for machines to perform tasks that would otherwise require

10:22human intelligence.

10:23It's very much an evolution, a transformation, not a revolution.

10:28Just here where we are now in King's Cross, we've got 42,000 people living and working

10:33with companies like Meta, Google, walking distance from here, which obviously hire a

10:38lot of people that will work in some shape or form with AI.

10:44We've seen in the latest IBM research that 46% of executives are now looking at re-skilling

10:50their workforce, already re-skilling their workforce.

10:53The learning technologies that have been booming during COVID, where everyone was learning

10:58from home, will carry on being used for that purpose in many years to come.

11:04This is really exciting to see that shift of work now using AI in multiple industries.

11:10When talking about policies, it's really important to understand that it requires a convergence

11:16between the three pillars of the economy, which are the regulators, obviously, the public

11:22services, but also the research and education institutions, as well as the private sectors.

11:28All these three parties need to talk together, ask the right questions, and try and find

11:35solutions together.

11:36It's very much a convergence of opinions and solutions.

11:40So I think that collaboration is key when looking at the policies and the way to make

11:45AI safe, transparent, and efficient.

11:48We feel that it is really important to get AI that is safe for people to use, that is

11:54transparent, that people can build trust into the technology.

11:58They understand what they're dealing with, and it's efficient, and it brings positive

12:03to people's lives, but also to work.

12:08Re-skilling the workforce is more important than ever.

12:1158% of executives are investing in re-skilling, and the e-learning industry has seen a 900%

12:18growth since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

12:21The future of the AI economy rests on three pillars, regulatory bodies, public services,

12:28and research and educational institutions.

12:30These entities play a crucial role in guiding both employers and workers.

12:35What's unfolding in London could very well set the precedent for major cities worldwide.

12:40Consider this scenario.

12:42As companies invest heavily in automation, how can they ensure that their workforce is

12:46not left behind, but is instead re-skilled to meet new challenges?

12:53Let's dive into our interview with Nigel Toome, CEO of Graphcore, producer of intelligence

12:58processing units, the technology shaping global machine intelligence.

13:03Nigel has successfully led and founded several innovative silicon companies.

13:09One of the challenges we're going to face with AI is jobs are going to change.

13:15Everybody worries about their job being replaced by AI, but actually very few jobs can be fully

13:20automated away.

13:21What AI will be able to do is to make jobs better, take away some of the routine tasks

13:28that people have done before, but in some cases, people are going to have to retrain.

13:32We talked about how teachers are going to work in a very different way from how they're

13:38teaching a class today.

13:40They're going to become much more like mentors and tutors to the children, and so the teachers

13:46are going to have to change the way that they work.

13:50That's maybe a simple example, but maybe there are other cases where people will actually

13:53have to take on different work and operate in different ways.

13:57So I think one of the key things government are going to have to do is to help ensure

14:02that people are able to retrain and continue to retrain throughout their life.

14:10Everybody's today talking about generative AI, how generative AI is able to, for example,

14:16create a nursery rhyme or a story for your children, for a bedtime story, and you can

14:23feed into it the characters that they like, even their teddy bears or whatever into the

14:28story, and it will produce this amazing story, but that's not really the point of generative

14:32AI.

14:33The point of generative AI is you're able to get that output from just telling the AI

14:40what to do, what it is you want.

14:42You're speaking to it in your language.

14:44You're not having to program the machine, and what this is going to do is it's going

14:49to allow people to use computers in new ways, and now everyone will be able to get computers

14:55to do something useful.

14:56We'll be able to get them to do amazing things, and we're going to see a rapid progress in

15:01how this evolves.

15:02Everyone will be able to create computer games.

15:04The positive benefits are enormous from this technology, but equally, it's an incredibly

15:10powerful tool, and we need to be careful.

15:13If you think about doctors, doctors take the Hippocratic oath that they will do no harm.

15:19It's almost like we need developers of these AI systems to take a similar oath that they're

15:24not going to do harm, because it's not the AI that's responsible.

15:29It's the people who develop the AI systems.

15:32It's the people who deploy the AI systems who have that potential to do harm.

15:37In the discourse about the future of jobs, the numbers tell an interesting story.

15:42Only 5% of all occupations can be fully automated.

15:4680% of educators believe technology enhances learning.

15:50Generative AI has the potential to increase content creation rates by 40%.

15:55Nigel Toon sees AI as a game changer.

15:59For him, it's also about setting ethical guidelines like the Hippocratic oath for doctors.

16:04Take the gig economy.

16:06Freelance writers and designers could face huge competition from generative AI.

16:11What responsibilities do platforms like Upwork or Fiverr have in ensuring a fair play for

16:17human talent?

16:19Let's listen to Professor Karl-Benedikt Frey, a Swedish-German economist based at Oxford

16:25University.

16:26In 2013, Frey co-authored the famous study, The Future of Employment, How Susceptible

16:32Are Jobs to Computerization?

16:34Frey has served as an advisor and consultant to international organizations, think tanks,

16:40governments, and businesses.

17:10Chatterbitty does quite well in text communication.

17:13Yes, if you prompt it to write a letter in the style of William Shakespeare, it will

17:19provide a good suggestion, but William Shakespeare already existed, right?

17:24If you're, you know, not a particular talented writer, well, you can become an average writer

17:28with the help of Chatterbitty, and so what that means is that we're going to see more

17:32competition in those type of professions rather than being eliminated, and I think

17:40a useful analogy to think about this is what Uber did to taxi services, right?

17:45And as a result of GPS technology and as a result of the Uber app, a lot of people with

17:52just a driver's license can all of a sudden become a taxi driver, but there will also

17:57be outright job losses, right?

17:59So if you think of autonomous vehicles, they're not here yet, but when they arrive, bus drivers,

18:05truck drivers, taxi drivers, many of these jobs will be automated away, as will a lot

18:11of jobs in call centers, people doing more sort of predictive work, like loan officers

18:17and insurance clerks and so on, right?

18:20So we need to make sure that we continue to teach some of these skills, even though if

18:25AI is improving in that domain.

18:27Secondly, we need to teach the kind of things that AI doesn't do as well, right?

18:32So if AI writes your love letters and everybody else's, the first date becomes even more important

18:39and the same sort of logic can be applied to most situations, right?

18:44In-person communication is going to become increasingly valuable in the age of artificial

18:50intelligence.

18:51So we need to teach students to interact, think in creative ways.

18:56That means, you know, smaller classes, writing essays, debating and discussing and so on.

19:02Certain jobs are more endangered than others.

19:05Bus, truck and taxi drivers make up 29% of jobs likely to disappear.

19:11Roles in call centers or insurance make up another 24%.

19:1545% of future jobs will require skills in social interaction and creativity where AI

19:21has limitations.

19:23We can anticipate the creation of many new jobs that are yet to be defined.

19:27Under the case of drivers, as autonomous vehicles become more prevalent, what responsibilities

19:33do companies like Uber or Lyft have in ensuring a smooth transition for their drivers into

19:38new roles?

19:41A compelling viewpoint on the future of work offers Joseph B. Fuller, an American academic

19:47and management consultant who currently serves as a professor of management practice at the

19:51Harvard Business School.

19:53He is the co-founder of the Monitor Group, now known as Monitor Deloitte.

19:58In five years, not only will you be able to have AI write at least a plausible script,

20:05you will actually be able to have Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman look like they're

20:11acting in your movie.

20:14The treatment of AI in the popular imagination and press is a bit hysterical.

20:20AI looks to be exactly like previous technological revolutions.

20:25Yes, it will disrupt existing jobs, but importantly, it's going to create a raft of new jobs.

20:33When the first computer-supported spreadsheets came out, there were regular articles and

20:39very distinguished periodicals that said, this will be a plague for all the accountants

20:44and all the financial analysts because they'll all be replaced by these spreadsheets.

20:49Quite the opposite happened.

20:51Having the tool enhanced the utility of having such people, and now there are more of them.

20:57So a lot of the models will say about 80% of jobs will be at least 10% affected.

21:04So the nature of the task will be sped up or offloaded to AI.

21:08But when you get a lot of white-collar work, it's percentage of like 50%.

21:14People are going to have to get good at prompts.

21:16They're going to have to understand AI in the same way they understand other sources.

21:22Is what this technology is telling me, does it make sense?

21:26Does it fit with my understanding of the data?

21:29So we're going to have to really apply our technical problem-solving skills to which

21:36were historically applied to questions like, where am I going to find any information about

21:39this?

21:40To how do I structure my requests for the information?

21:43But then what can I safely derive from this information?

21:49I think that AI will have the possibility of being a boon to a lot of society, particularly

21:55a society that is suffering from declining birth rates, older populations, and growth

22:00distortions in income capacity globally.

22:04AI can address manpower shortages and be a great leveler about global incomes and standards

22:11of living.

22:12And that's what I'm anticipating.

22:13In 2023, the impact of AI on the jobs is a hot topic.

22:1877% of people are concerned that AI will cause job loss in the next year.

22:23However, research estimates that AI will create a staggering 97 million jobs and the AI market

22:30will reach $407 billion by 2027.

22:34Professor Fuller offers a balanced perspective, envisioning AI as a tool that when used with

22:39common sense can be an equalizer.

22:42He sees the technology as a way to democratize access to jobs and education, particularly

22:48for those in need.

22:49The question remains, what strategies can they employ to safeguard their financial future?

22:59Our guests from diverse backgrounds and experiences have shared invaluable insights into the ever

23:04evolving shape of artificial intelligence.

23:08From the bustling streets of London to the heart of Silicon Valley, we've seen how AI

23:12is rapidly integrating into our daily lives.

23:15Initiatives like the one launched by the mayor of London are setting the pace for cities

23:19around the world, highlighting the need for regulation and trust in this transformative

23:25technology.

23:26As we conclude this episode, we've witnessed a shared vision among our guests.

23:31They see AI as a catalyst for positive change, one that can empower individuals and democratize

23:37opportunities.

23:38It is an exciting journey that promises to transform our world.

AI Revolution - Episode 1 - Future of Work (2024)

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