La Méga-Inondation Qui A Mis Fin Au Doggerland

Sympa

Imaginez une passerelle terrestre qui reliait autrefois la Grande-Bretagne au continent européen, appelée Doggerland. Il y a environ 8 000 ans, une immense mégainondation l'a effacée de la carte. Cette inondation, causée par la fonte des glaciers et un énorme glissement de terrain sous-marin, a créé la mer du Nord telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui. Les habitants de cette région ont dû fuir alors que leurs maisons étaient englouties par l'eau. Aujourd'hui, les archéologues trouvent des vestiges de cette terre disparue sous l'eau, nous donnant des indices sur le monde ancien qui a disparu en un clin d'œil.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Doggerland, no, it's not the country of dogs, contrary to what one might think.

00:07It was a land the size of Great Britain, located in the north of Europe.

00:11But it's useless to look for this land on the map of the old continent.

00:14It would be a lost cause.

00:17Doggerland disappeared thousands of years ago.

00:19But where was it exactly?

00:21And did men live there?

00:23Scientists are trying to answer these questions.

00:27Let's start with the name.

00:29In the 1990s, a British archaeologist named Briony Cowles

00:33named the Doggerland region after Dogger Bank,

00:36a sand bank located about 100 km off the east coast of England.

00:41This term probably comes from Dutch and designated a fishing boat with two masts.

00:46It seems logical, because today, the North Sea is a rich fishing area.

00:50But thousands of years ago, the inhabitants of this region had a very different regime.

00:55About 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last great glacial period,

00:59Doggerland did not have sea water, but swamps, lagoons, forests and hills.

01:08At that time, Great Britain and Ireland were not islands.

01:11They were part of the continent and were far from the sea.

01:14One could thus leave Denmark and walk to the north of Scotland.

01:18A network of rivers then threw itself into the North Sea,

01:22which looked like a wide canal separating Doggerland from Norway.

01:27The watercourses were also different.

01:29The silt was thrown into the Rhine,

01:31and the river thus formed flowed instead of the current Channel to overflow into the Atlantic Ocean.

01:37Doggerland even housed a lake, Lutter Silver Pit.

01:40Despite the presence of a few glaciers, the terrain remained habitable.

01:44But who could live here?

01:47There were communities of hunter-gatherers since the Mesolithic.

01:51At that time, our ancestors mastered the carved stone tools

01:55that they used to make axes and arrowheads.

01:59These skills were particularly useful to Doggerland,

02:03the most abundant hunting ground in Europe.

02:06Doggerland could easily have been the most populated region of the northwestern part of the continent.

02:12Hunters probably hunted reindeers, mammoths, oxen, wild boars, brown bears, wolves and many other species.

02:20In short, no one lacked food.

02:25Meat was not their only resource.

02:28The former inhabitants of Doggerland collected berries and hazelnuts.

02:32They lived in wooden huts that they built near rivers and on hills.

02:39Do you remember Dogger Bank?

02:41Today submerged, this region was once mountainous.

02:45Doggerland must have been a very busy place during prehistory,

02:49with a total area of more than 29,000 square kilometers.

02:53But things were going to change radically.

02:59The last glacial era was coming to an end.

03:02All the water trapped in the glaciers and the ice caps began to melt.

03:07You can observe this phenomenon every time you order a cold drink.

03:11Even if you drink quickly, the glass fills up again as the ice melts.

03:18Doggerland was a bit like this glass.

03:21The sea level began to rise rapidly,

03:24submerging every century between one and two meters of dry land.

03:28Imagine what it would represent today.

03:32With an altitude of just 1.8 meters,

03:35Miami would be submerged in less than 100 years.

03:40But an event accelerated this process.

03:43The Storrega landslides,

03:45a series of underwater slides in the sea of Norway,

03:48occurred thousands of years ago.

03:51When large volumes of land suddenly move underwater,

03:54it creates gigantic waves, in other words tsunamis.

03:58Doggerland was probably hit by several of these tidal waves.

04:02They were so powerful that researchers think

04:05they carried the Earth's bridge linking Great Britain to the rest of the continent.

04:09All that remained of Doggerland was an island the size of Wales.

04:13Scientists today estimate that the waves of this tsunami

04:16measured at least 12 meters high.

04:21About 6,000 years ago,

04:23the inhabitants of Doggerland began to migrate to higher lands,

04:27such as England and the Netherlands.

04:30Ironically, while the Netherlands owe their name

04:33to their remarkable lack of elevation,

04:36it was at the time a more welcoming land for hunter-gatherers fleeing floods.

04:41Once this process was completed,

04:43the European continent took the form we know today.

04:47Doggerland had disappeared,

04:49submerged under the waves of the North Sea,

04:51for the next 8,200 years to come.

04:58The idea of Doggerland may remind you of another famous submerged land,

05:02the lost city of Atlantis.

05:05However, there is a major difference.

05:08Atlantis is only a legend,

05:10known mainly through the writings of the Greek philosopher Plato.

05:14Scientists have been looking for Atlantis for a long time,

05:18without being able to agree on its exact location,

05:21with theories ranging from the Mediterranean to Antarctica.

05:26Doggerland, on the other hand, is not a myth.

05:30All that science advances on its subject is based on concrete evidence.

05:36In 1931, a fishing boat off the coast of North Folk,

05:41in England, dragged a net along the seabed,

05:44raking everything on its way.

05:47The crew then caught something more than fish,

05:51similar to those found in Alaska and Ireland.

05:55But what was it doing at the bottom of the North Sea?

05:58Sea water normally destroys the net.

06:02The only possible explanation was that this area

06:05must have been a firm land at some point in its history.

06:09The highlight of the show was the presence of a harpoon tip in this net,

06:13indicating human activity.

06:17The idea was not new.

06:19From the Middle Ages, it was a question of submerged lands

06:22and their underwater forests.

06:25In 1913, a British geologist named Clement Redd

06:28advanced the idea of an underwater world in this part of Europe.

06:32Scientific evidence then ceased to accumulate.

06:35The fishermen in the area began to reassemble tools

06:38made by man and animal bones,

06:41which researchers have judged date back to about 9,000 years.

06:44However, the deep and turbulent waters of the North Sea

06:47made diving impossible.

06:50An archaeologist also noted that one knew the surface of the Moon better

06:53than the bottom of this relatively shallow sea.

06:59The discovery of oil in this region in the 1960s

07:02marked a turning point.

07:05Oil companies provided scientists with seismic data,

07:09helping them to reconstruct the complete image of Doggerland.

07:13Computer simulations quickly produced images of river valleys,

07:17coasts, lakes of fresh water and hills.

07:20Traces of nomadic tribes are even preserved on the seabed.

07:24Today, oceanographers exploit the magnetic field

07:28to map this lost underwater world.

07:33Doggerland is not the only place on Earth to have been submerged.

07:37The Bering Sea is another world lost of capital importance.

07:41This land bridge used to connect Asia and North America

07:44and takes its name from the Bering Strait,

07:4785 km wide and its narrowest point.

07:50Until the end of the last glacial period,

07:53these dry lands were the home of some of our ancestors.

07:57Thus, genetic evidence shows that the Amerindians

08:00lived in Bering for about 15,000 years.

08:05And the central part of this territory was nine times larger than the Channel.

08:09To imagine what this land looked like,

08:11think of the arctic part of present-day Alaska.

08:14A shrubby tundra where we find boulders and small soils.

08:18No mammoth here,

08:20because the great herbivorous animals

08:22would never have found enough food in the Bering Strait,

08:25although there probably were swamps and swamps of America in the region.

08:29But the glacial era would not last forever.

08:32As for Doggerland,

08:34sea levels began to rise about 13,000 years ago.

08:37It was not only bad news, however.

08:40Scientific discoveries suggest that at this time

08:43people would have begun to migrate south,

08:46leaving the Bering Strait in a submersion route to move to Alaska.

08:49From there, they would have made the two Americas populate,

08:52becoming the ancestors of the first Amerindians.

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