• 3 months ago
LES BAJAU : Les premiers Hommes génétiquement adaptés à la plongée ‍♂️

Les Bajau, sont un peuple fascinant vivant en Indonésie, en Malaisie, et aux Philippines.

⛵ Ces nomades passent leur vie entière sur des bateaux, et même si beaucoup vivent aujourd'hui dans des maisons sur pilotis, ils perpétuent un mode de vie millénaire.

Capables de plongées spectaculaires, les Bajau peuvent retenir leur souffle pendant 13 minutes et atteindre les profondeurs de 60 mètres, chassant poissons et créatures marines avec une aisance stupéfiante.

Pour s'adapter à cette vie aquatique, certains se percent les tympans dès l'enfance, facilitant ainsi la plongée profonde.

Des études révèlent que leur rate, jusqu'à 50 % plus grande que la moyenne, leur permet de stocker plus d'oxygène dans leur sang, un avantage énorme sous l'eau.

Ces adaptations incroyables résultent d'une sélection naturelle spécifique à leur mode de vie unique.

Source : National Geographic

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Transcript
00:00These people evolved to live on the ocean.
00:02The Bajos are a nomadic people living in the waters of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines
00:06and who spend all their lives on boats.
00:07Although nowadays most opt for pilot houses,
00:10it is estimated that they have maintained this lifestyle for about 1,000 years.
00:13They spend most of the day diving in the ocean to hunt fish and other marine creatures
00:18and that's where things get interesting.
00:19They have the particularity of being able to hold their breath underwater for 13 minutes
00:23and dive up to 60 meters deep.
00:25Some Bajos even intentionally pierce their gills at an early age to facilitate diving and sea hunting.
00:30With more than 1,000 years of diving in apnea,
00:32associated with their life at sea seems to have given the Bajos several genetic adaptations to facilitate their way of life.
00:37According to a study carried out in 2018,
00:39the reason why they can hold their breath underwater for so long is that their rat is larger than that of other humans,
00:44which allows them to store more blood rich in hemoglobin,
00:46which is expelled in the bloodstream when the rat contracts in depth,
00:50allowing them to dive in apnea for longer.
00:52It is estimated that their rat is at least 50% larger than ours.
00:55These adaptations are probably the result of natural selection,
00:58which has increased the frequency of relevant alleles in Bajos.
01:00And for more videos on the subject, subscribe to Omniscience.

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