Le Triton et la Salamandre documentaire animalier

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Transcript

00:30At the end of the winter, the lantern is set in motion by the vegetal and animal machines,

00:47engorged by months of sleepiness.

00:50Common toads and red frogs are among the early wake-up birds

00:56and seem not to believe in the arrival of spring.

01:04Tritons are also here.

01:07They also barely come out of the hole where the cold and snow had pushed them to flee

01:11to hibernate a few months earlier.

01:14After months of sleep, they seem hesitant, as if they had to re-learn the smells,

01:28the shapes of the places that are so familiar to them.

01:31Yet they are not, because the tritons know all the secrets of orientation.

01:36This allows them to make a slow and sometimes very long journey,

01:40the one they make every year at this time on their breeding grounds.

01:46The goal of their pilgrimage is located several hundred meters away,

01:51sometimes miles away from their usual refuge.

01:54It is a simple puddle of water, most often a pond or the edge of a pond,

01:59at the bottom of which the tritons totally change their lives.

02:11Because this is the originality of the tritons.

02:14They are stern, bad walkers, to put it all rather insignificantly when they are on land.

02:20These animals completely transform themselves when they reach the place of their future love exploits.

02:32First of all, a certain ease of movement in the aquatic environment

02:36replaces the clumsiness of the terrestrial walk.

02:40Then, the earthy and stern dresses, common to all species of tritons when they are on the ground,

02:46change into infinitely more seductive costumes, worn by the males.

03:07Each species wears its own colors, varies the drawings.

03:12We simply choose to distinguish ourselves by appendices, straight out of prehistoric times.

03:19In the animal world, the appearance of such a display of shapes and colors

03:23often only makes sense in the service of an imperial need.

03:27In this case, it is of course a parade of love.

03:30The tritons are a symbol of love, a symbol of the love of the human species.

03:35The tritons are a symbol of love, a symbol of the love of the human species.

03:41In the world of animals, the appearance of a certain display of forms and colors

03:46is, of course, a parade of love.

03:48These begin very early for most species

03:51and fill their stomachs for a good part of the spring.

03:55At the end of their journey, the tritons of different species

03:58are found in hundreds at the bottom of the seas or in the shallow water of the ponds.

04:03The first manifestations of their love frenzy then begin immediately.

04:08The nuptial parades of most tritons obey very precise rites.

04:13After having solicited a female by a few musou blows on the flanks,

04:17the male places himself in front of her and undertakes a singular manifestation.

04:22Steadily camped on his legs, he folds his tail and frantically shakes its extremity.

04:37If the female is somewhat indifferent to his advances,

04:40the male does not hesitate to restart his process,

04:43putting together all his conviction.

05:08Other species use the same manifestations,

05:11with different rhythms and intensities, but undoubtedly just as effective.

05:19Males have to repeat their dance many times in front of several females

05:23before finding a receptive partner to their advances.

05:27When the affair is finally concluded,

05:29the tritons of different species are found in hundreds at the bottom of the seas or in the shallow water of the ponds.

05:35When the affair is finally concluded,

05:37the triton places itself behind the male and follows his movements step by step.

05:52Little by little, this little game leads the male to an extreme state of excitement,

05:56at the end of which he emits by his cloaca the whitish mass of his sperm.

06:05At the exit of the genital organs, the triton's semen surrounds a gelatinous gangue.

06:11This capsule remains at the bottom for a few moments,

06:14until the female, in the same movement, passes over it.

06:18She then grabs it with the lips of her cloaca

06:21and makes it disappear inside her body.

06:26At the end of this curious operation,

06:28the female is released by the male,

06:31At the end of this curious operation,

06:33the triton therefore has a supply of reproductive cells

06:37that it will use as it pleases to fertilize its eggs as it climbs.

06:47The females of tritons lay their eggs on the aquatic vegetation,

06:51but with infinite caution.

06:54They first spend a long time choosing the branch,

06:58and especially the leaves, which will have the honor of receiving an egg.

07:03The sight, the smell, the touch,

07:06seem to play an important role at this moment.

07:12After long hesitations and several unsuccessful attempts,

07:16each triton manages to find the ideal place and finally decides to lay eggs.

07:23The operation is done with precision and surprising delicacy

07:26in these rather primitive animals.

07:29The hind legs turn into real expert little hands

07:33that mass, flutter and fold the leaves with delicacy

07:37to form a small corbella in which the egg is placed.

07:56All these precautions taken at the time of laying are not free.

08:00They allow the eggs to be concealed

08:03in view of the many predators that haunt the aquatic environment.

08:19The predator is the male.

08:23The presence of tritons in the seas and ponds

08:26often coincides with that of red frogs,

08:29which also go there in order to reproduce.

08:36After a few days of fierce and coupling,

08:39in this crowding crowd,

08:41masses of them gradually invade the bottom of the water.

08:47Frogs have a reproduction strategy

08:50very different from that of tritons.

08:53They lay large quantities of eggs,

08:56but leave them without protection at the mercy of all predators.

09:00Among them are precisely tritons.

09:03These are indeed very active carnivores,

09:06for whom these gelatinous masses

09:09are curiously a choice dish.

09:21Tritons

09:44A few weeks later,

09:46the tritons continue their mischief against the frogs.

09:50Thousands of tritons invade the bottom of the water,

09:53and are as easy prey to capture as they are to swallow.

10:17Tritons

10:25Tritons are apparently of limitless voracity,

10:28and often attack prey that is far too large for them.

10:32This is added to by a particular conformation of their rear gorge,

10:36which forces them to make considerable efforts

10:39to manage to swallow the prey they have captured.

10:47Salamanders

10:55The salamanders become active at the same time as the tritons,

10:59but are less numerous and infinitely more discreet.

11:03The best way to discover them

11:06is to travel reasonably fast on forest roads,

11:09at night, after a good rainstorm.

11:17Salamanders

11:24When we meet them by chance on the roads at this time of year,

11:28the tame salamander females have left their usual territory.

11:32They are looking for a water source

11:35in which they will lay their offspring.

11:41Salamanders are not very difficult in choosing their breeding ground.

11:45It can be a simple puddle in the middle of a forest path,

11:48a stream, or the edges of a pond.

11:55When they arrive at a good harbour,

11:57the animal dives halfway into the shallow water

12:00and releases its eggs one by one.

12:03These have the particularity of giving birth instantly

12:06to small larvae that disperse immediately.

12:11A few minutes later,

12:13once this task is accomplished,

12:15the salamander leaves the water

12:17to join its domain somewhere in the forest.

12:36In the middle of spring,

12:38most of the forest water sources

12:40are used by nocturnal visitors.

12:43By dozens, by hundreds,

12:45salamander larvae discreetly occupy the bottom of streams and puddles.

13:02Whether they live in the olympic current of a stream

13:05or in the murky water of a pond,

13:07salamander larvae need oxygen to live.

13:10They obtain it thanks to very developed branches

13:13located at the back of their heads.

13:27Salamander larvae stay in the water for several weeks,

13:31during which they have to face occasional predators.

13:35Their only defense is camouflage,

13:38the art in which they have become masters.

13:41They are thus able to change colour

13:43depending on the environment where they live.

13:48As for this one, it is difficult to say

13:50whether it is the will to hide

13:52or the pleasure of a natural jacuzzi

13:54that has decided to settle here.

14:06Although they are mainly nocturnal,

14:08salamanders are sometimes active in the middle of the day

14:11when the humidity is sufficient.

14:13A thunderstorm or a thunderstorm

14:15makes them come out of their hideout

14:17and travel through their territory

14:19in search of their food,

14:21made of earthworms, lichens, insects or spiders.

14:26Physically poorly equipped for long journeys,

14:29salamanders have a small area of vitality.

14:34However, they know all the nooks and crannies

14:36and the alleys of their habitat.

14:39They have a very good sense of smell,

14:41and they are able to sense the smell of food.

14:46Salamanders, on the other hand,

14:48do not have a good sense of smell.

14:50They do not have a good sense of smell,

14:52but they know all the nooks and crannies

14:54and shelters in which they can disappear

14:56in case of need.

15:10At first glance, the coloration of salamanders

15:12seems very discreet.

15:15However, when the animal remains still on the ground,

15:18the bright yellow and irregular state of its dress

15:21perfectly imitates the flash of light

15:23falling from the foliage

15:25and makes it almost invisible.

15:34The bright colors of salamanders,

15:36like some other animals,

15:38are also interpreted as a kind of message

15:40addressed to potential predators,

15:42warning them of their toxicity.

15:46Salamanders are indeed able to secrete

15:48a very bitter poison,

15:50making many wild or domestic predators

15:52seem to retreat,

15:54who carefully avoid touching them.

16:12Under the blow of fear,

16:14the milky white venom

16:16comes out through the pores of a series of glands

16:18located on the back, the flanks

16:20and at the back of the head.

16:24This one is the origin of many legends

16:26attributing to salamanders

16:28supernatural powers,

16:30such as extinguishing fire,

16:32to the point that François I,

16:34king of France in the 16th century,

16:36made it his emblem.

16:38This belief still persists in a very vivid way

16:40in some regions.

16:43At the beginning of summer,

16:45most of the tritons

16:47left the ponds and the seas

16:49and found the charms of terrestrial life.

16:51But in the middle of the aquatic vegetation,

16:53their eggs, laid a few weeks earlier,

16:55gave birth to tiny translucent larvae,

16:57barely having the strength to swim.

17:12These delicate and tiny living machines,

17:14real jewels of glass and gold,

17:16infinitely fragile and vulnerable,

17:18spend the first days of their existence

17:20hidden in the vegetation.

17:22Then, as they grow,

17:24they swim with more and more ease

17:26and speed.

17:43Like salamander larvae,

17:45triton larvae

17:47capture the oxygen of the water

17:49thanks to the branches

17:51particularly developed

17:53in the form of feathers.

18:07As far as food is concerned,

18:09triton larvae

18:11inherited from their parents

18:13the same carnivorous temperament.

18:15At first, they are content

18:17with microscopic animals,

18:19then, little by little,

18:21they attack more consistent prey.

18:41Like adults,

18:43triton larvae

18:45visibly experience some difficulties

18:47in swallowing their victims.

18:49Their microscopic teeth

18:51do not allow them

18:53to cut their prey

18:55or to chew them.

18:57They have to swallow

18:59their prey

19:01in order to be able

19:03to eat it.

19:05Triton larvae

19:07do not have the ability

19:09to swallow their prey

19:11or to chew them,

19:13so they have to

19:15do it several times

19:17before reaching their end.

19:39Some rare species of triton

19:41and salamander

19:43manage to occupy

19:45the mountainous environment.

19:47Like other animals,

19:49they have adapted

19:51and resisted

19:53the difficult conditions

19:55of life at high altitudes.

19:57One of these species,

19:59conquering high altitudes,

20:01is a curiosity.

20:03It was identified

20:05only a few years ago

20:07and is called

20:09the Lanza salamander.

20:11It lives in Europe,

20:13in the south of the Alpine Massif,

20:15at 2400 meters altitude,

20:17where it occupies

20:19only a few highly localized sites.

20:37Unlike its cousin,

20:39the Lanza salamander

20:41is entirely black.

20:43This is a common feature

20:45of many mountain species.

20:47This coloration

20:49is an adaptation

20:51to the altitude,

20:53as it allows animals

20:55to capture more efficiently

20:57the solar heat

20:59they need to live.

21:08The Lanza salamander

21:10also has venous glands

21:12on its skin.

21:14Although where it lives,

21:16the predators are almost non-existent.

21:26At present,

21:28the biology of this salamander

21:30is still very little known.

21:32It seems to come out of its hole

21:34during soft and humid nights

21:37Like the slender salamander,

21:39it feeds on insects,

21:41spiders,

21:43or small worms

21:45encountered during its peregrinations.

21:47But when the light becomes too intense,

21:49it disappears into its refuge,

21:51which is often a cavity

21:53or a gallery dug by marmots.

22:03At the end of summer,

22:05the behavior of the Lanza salamander

22:07changes a little.

22:09At this time,

22:11something unique

22:13among European batrachians,

22:15the males sometimes confront each other,

22:17a behavior that seems to serve

22:19to defend a territory of mating.

22:21They are discovered immobile,

22:23well supported on the front legs,

22:25the head high,

22:27seeming to guard

22:29near their den.

22:31On their side,

22:33each of them,

22:35after four long years of gestation,

22:37gives birth to two or three

22:39perfectly trained young.

22:51From their birth,

22:53the young salamanders are

22:55totally independent.

22:57Very quickly,

22:59they separate from their mother

23:01and will have to wait six years

23:03before reaching adulthood.

23:13Carrying these young for so long

23:15and ensuring their complete development

23:17is another adaptation to altitude.

23:21Indeed, if the Lanza salamander

23:23laid larvae,

23:25they would never develop

23:27in an environment where cold and snow

23:29were allowed for seven or eight months.

23:45At the same time,

23:47the Tachete salamander larvae

23:49end their green and aquatic life on their side.

23:51While the black salamander larvae

23:53were slowly developing,

23:55fed and lodged

23:57in their mother's womb,

23:59they had to feed themselves

24:01for two or three months,

24:03escaping the predators,

24:05sometimes fighting

24:07the lack of oxygen in the water

24:09in order to finally begin

24:11their terrestrial life.

24:13The branches disappeared

24:15at the expense of the lungs,

24:17allowing the young salamanders

24:19to fly freely

24:21and to leave the water

24:23that had given birth to them.

24:45Master by master,

24:47the young salamanders

24:49will conquer the nearby forest.

24:51They are the reduced model of adults,

24:53but they will have to face

24:55all the dangers

24:57that their tiny size poses

24:59for four long years

25:01before reaching adulthood

25:03when they will have nothing to fear.

25:17Master by master,

25:19the young salamanders

25:21will conquer the nearby forest.

25:23They are the reduced model of adults,

25:25but they will have to face

25:27all the dangers

25:29that their tiny size poses

25:31for four long years

25:33before reaching adulthood.

25:47Master by master,

25:49the young salamanders

25:51will conquer the nearby forest.

25:53They are the reduced model of adults,

25:55but they will have to face

25:57all the dangers

25:59that their tiny size poses

26:01for four long years

26:03before reaching adulthood.

26:17At the end of winter,

26:19the lantern of the plant

26:21and animal machines

26:23begins to work again,

26:25engorged by months of sleepiness.

26:27The common toad

26:29and the red frogs

26:31are among the early wake-up birds

26:33and still seem to not believe

26:35the arrival of spring.

26:41The tritons are also there.

26:43The tritons are also there.

26:47The tritons are also there.

27:09If the beauty is somewhat indifferent

27:11to these advances,

27:13the male does not hesitate

27:15to show all his conviction.

27:31Other species

27:33use the same manifestations,

27:35with different rhythms

27:37and intensities,

27:39but just as effective,

27:41no doubt.

27:43The males must repeat their dance

27:45many times in front of several females

27:47before finding a receptive partner

27:49to their advances.

27:51When the affair is finally concluded,

27:53the triton places itself behind the male

27:55and barely comes out of the hole

27:57where the cold and snow had pushed them

27:59to flee to hibernate

28:01a few months earlier.

28:09After months of sleep,

28:11the males seem hesitant,

28:13as if they should relearn the odors,

28:15the shapes of the places

28:17so familiar to them.

28:19Yet they are not,

28:21because the tritons know

28:23all the secrets of orientation.

28:25This allows them to make a slow

28:27and sometimes very long journey,

28:29the one that leads them every year

28:31at this time,

28:33on their breeding site.

28:35The goal of their pilgrimage

28:37is located several hundred meters,

28:39far from the usual places.

28:41It is a simple puddle,

28:43most often a pond

28:45or the edge of a pond,

28:47at the bottom of which the tritons

28:49totally change their life.

28:57Because this is the originality

28:59of the tritons.

29:01Mild, stubborn, bad walkers,

29:03to put it rather insignificantly,

29:05when they are on the ground,

29:07these animals completely transform

29:09when they reach the place

29:11of their future love exploits.

29:19First of all, a certain ease

29:21to move in the aquatic environment

29:23replaces the clumsiness

29:25of the terrestrial walk.

29:27Then, the earthy, eternal dresses,

29:29common to all species of tritons

29:31when they are on the ground,

29:33change into infinitely more seductive

29:35at home, carried by the males.

30:05Each species

30:07wears its own colors,

30:09varies the drawings,

30:11or simply chooses to stand out

30:13by appendages

30:15straight out of prehistoric times.

30:23In the animal world,

30:25the appearance of such a display

30:27of forms and colors

30:29often only makes sense

30:31in the service of an imperial necessity.

30:33This is the nature

30:35of love parades.

30:37These begin very early

30:39for most species

30:41and fill their stomachs

30:43during a good part of the spring.

30:45At the end of their journey,

30:47the tritons of different species

30:49are found in hundreds

30:51at the bottom of the seas

30:53or in the shallow waters

30:55of the ponds.

30:57The first manifestations

30:59of their love frenzy

31:01obey very precise rites.

31:03After having solicited a female

31:05by a few kicks on the flanks,

31:07the male places himself in front of her

31:09and undertakes a singular manifestation.

31:11Steadily camped on his legs,

31:13he folds his tail

31:15and frantically shakes its extremity.

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