Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 is one of the most notable events in our history. In this video, Dhruv Rathee talks about the background of the political situation leading up to the war and details the events of 1971, including the election of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the crackdown by the West Pakistani government. So sit back and watch this video to know everything that you need to about the India-Pakistan situation in 1971.
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00:00नमस्कार दोस्तों!
00:013rd December 1971, पाकिस्तान ओपरेशन चेंगिस खान लॉंज करता है।
00:05इंडिया की कई एरफील्ड्स पर बम गिराये जाते हैं पाकिस्तानी एरफोर्स के दोरा।
00:10अमरिजसर, पठानकोट, जोधपुर, अमबाला, आगरा, श्रीनगर टोटल में 11 एरफील्ड्स पर हमला किया जाता है।
00:17उस शाम को प्रधान मंतरी इंद्रा गांधी रेडियो पर एक मेसेज जारी करती है देश की जंता के लिए।
00:24ये कहती हैं कि इंडिया के खिलाफ एक जंग छेट दी गई है।
00:35इंडियन एरफोर्स रिटालियेट करती है और कुछ इस तरीके से शुरुवात होती है दोस्तो इंडिया-पाकिस्तान 1971 वार की।
00:42एक ऐसी वार जिसके अंत में एक नए देश का जन्म होता है बांगला देश।
00:51लेकिन क्या कारण था अखिर? क्यूं होई ये वार?
00:54क्यूं बांगला देश आजाधी चाहता था पाकिस्तान से?
00:57और इंडिया का क्या रॉल आता है इस पूरी कहानी में?
01:00ये समझने की कोशिश करते हैं आज के इस वीडियो में।
01:03इंडिया गए पीपल बंगला देश देर इंडिपेंडन्स।
01:15पाकिस्तान लोस्ट हाफ़ विट्स कंट्री।
01:18अनु नेशन वज़ बॉर्ण। बंगला देश।
01:26कहानी की शुरुवात करते हैं बृतिश के पहले से, कोलोनियल टाइम से पहले,
01:30जो इंडियन सब कॉंटिनेंट था, यानि आज के दिन का इंडिया, पाकिस्तान, बंगला देश, नेपाल, बर्मा और श्रीलंका,
01:35इस पूरे एरिया में हजारों छोटे बड़े ओर्टोनमिस किंडम्स हुआ करते थे।
01:39राजा महाजाओं का रूल था, जिनके अपने लैंग्वेजिस होती थी, ट्रेडिशिन होता था, अपना कल्चर होता था।
01:44जो बेंगॉल का एरिया होता था, स्पेसिफिकली अगर सिर्फ बेंगॉल वाले एरिया के बात करें,
01:48यानि आज के दिन का बांगलादेश प्लेस वेस्ट बेंगॉल और इसके आसपास का कुछ एरिया, इस एरिया को करीब 13 सेंचुरी से मोस्ली मुस्लिम राजाओं के दोरा रूल किया गया था।
01:57मुहमद बक्तियार खिल्जी, जो फाउंडर थे खिल्जी डाइनेस्टी के, उन्होंने मुस्लिम रूल को शुरू किया था इस एरिया में, अर्ली 13 सेंचुरी से.
02:04लेकिन इंपॉर्टेंट चीज ये जानने वाली है कि जो भी रूलर्स थे यहाँ पर, उन्हें ज्यादा इंट्रेस्ट नहीं था अपने रिलिजिन को प्रीच करने में. उनका फोकस इसमें बने रहता था कैसे वो लोकल कम्यूनिटीज को सिस्टम का हिस्सा बना सके.
02:16तो इन मुस्लिम राजाओं के टाइम में भी जो बड़े हाई आफिस होल्डर्स होते थे, ट्रेडर्स होते थे, म्यूजिशिन्स होते थे, वो अलग-अलग रिलिजिस बैक्क्राउंड्स और ट्रेडिशिन्स से आते थे.
02:24बेसिकली कहा जाये हिंदूइजम और इस्लाम के बीच में जो को-एक्सिस्टन्स थी और एंटर-मिंगलिंग थी, वो इस एरिया में बहुत देखी गई.
02:32इसकी वज़े से जो कट्टरवाद था, एक्स्ट्रीमिजम था, वो काफी हद तक कंट्रोल में रहा.
02:36समय में आगे चले तो साल 1757 में इस्ट-इंडिया कमपनी इस एरिया को टेक-ओर कर लेती है, जिसको मैंने डीटेल में इस वीडियो में समझाया है.
02:43जिसके बाद 1947 तक ब्रिटिश रूल रहता है और फिर हमें देखने को मिलता है पार्टिशन, इंडिया और पाकिस्तान के लिए.
02:50साल 1940 में ही, All India Muslim League के Annual Session में लाहोर Resolution बनाया जाता है, जिसमें डिमांड उठाय जाती है कि मुसल्मानों के लिए एक सेपरेट स्टेट बनाये जाये.
03:11इनका डर ये था कि अगर एक ही देश बना रहेगा, तो मुसलिम्स माइनॉरिटी बन जाएंगे और वो डर में जीएंगे.
03:17पार्टिशन करते वक्त रिलिजिस लाइन्स पर बॉर्टर्स बनाने का मतलब ये था कि जो सोचल, कमर्शर और कल्चरल संबन थे लोगों के बीच में, उन्हें नजर अंदास करना पड़ता.
03:26यानि बड़ी-बड़ी स्टेट्स जहाँपर कॉमन कल्चर्स थे, भाशाएं एक बोली जाती थी, उन्हें भी बाटा गया पार्टिशन की वज़ेसे, बस इसलिए क्योंकि धर्म के नाम पर लोगों को डिवाइड करना है.
03:36इसके 2 सबसे बड़े एकसाम्पल है पंजाब और बेंगول, पंजाब का कुछ हिस्सा पाकिस्तान में गया, कुछ हिस्सा इंडिया में रहा,
03:43Same with Bengal.
03:44Kuch hissa India mein, kuch hissa Pakistan mein.
03:46Lekin baatne ka matlab ye nahi tha ki inke culture alag-alag ho jayenge.
03:49Jo 2 hisso ko baata gaya,
03:51waha ke log same bhaasha mein baat karte the,
03:53same culture aur traditions ko follow karte the.
03:56Bengal mein jo Muslims Pakistan ke favour mein the,
03:59unki umeed ye thi ki ek naya Muslim desh banne se,
04:02unhe ek baithar standard of living milega.
04:04Unki financial aur social condition improve hogi.
04:07Inme se kayi aise log the jo inferior feel karte the Hindu landlords ke liye.
04:11Ki wo unke liye kaam kiya karte the.
04:13Wo Pakistan ki sarkaar ki taraf dekh rahe the,
04:15apne fundamental rights paane ke liye.
04:17Obviously jab Batwara kiya gaya, partition hua,
04:20toh bahot se parivaar, bahot se log displace hoga.
04:22Ek bhaari migration dekhne ko mili,
04:24jisme kayi Muslims Pakistan ki taraf migrate hua,
04:27aur kayi Hindus Pakistan se India hai.
04:29Isi beech bahot se dange hua,
04:31mob violence hua,
04:32kuch 2 se 20 lakh deaths ka estimate kiya jata hai.
04:35Forminal hatred flares up in the Punjab.
04:37Pakistan and India each say they are determined to stop the wholesale rioting.
04:41But meanwhile, the exodus continues.
04:44Is migration me ek group of log the,
04:46jo Bihar me reh rahe Muslims the.
04:48Ab Bihar obviously kyunki Bangladesh ke zyada kareeb hai,
04:51toh bahot se Muslims jo Bihar me reh rahe the,
04:53wo East Pakistan me migrate ki.
04:55In Muslim Biharis ko specifically mention karna zaruri hai,
04:58kyunki aap aage kahani me dekhenge,
05:00ki kaise inhe maana jata tha ki ye Bangladesh ke khilaf hai.
05:03Inhe anti-Bangladeshi maana jata tha.
05:05Abhi ke liye partition par wapas aaye,
05:07toh Bengal ka jo partition ho raha tha,
05:08wo apne aap me hi ek bahot bada issue tha.
05:10Shurwaat me poore Bengal ne partition ke khilaf vote kiya tha,
05:13agar is partition ka matlab ho,
05:15ki Bengal ko Pakistan ka hissa banna pade.
05:17Dekhin is Bengal me hi,
05:18West Bengal ka jo region tha,
05:20waha rehne wale log partition chahate the,
05:22aur India ko join karna chahate the.
05:24Doosri taraf jo East Bengal wala region tha,
05:26wo partition nahi chahate the.
05:28Lekin agar koi partition ho,
05:30toh wo chahate the ki wo Pakistan ko join kare.
05:32Toh eventually jab partition hua,
05:34West Bengal India ka hissa banna,
05:36aur East Bengal Pakistan ka hissa banna.
05:38Pakistan ke desh ko do hisso me divide kiya gaya,
05:40jin ke beech separation 1500 km ka tha,
05:43aur beech me Indian territory thi.
05:45Ab interesting cheez yeh hai ki,
05:46Pakistan ka jo naya desh bana,
05:48usme jo majority ethnic group tha,
05:50wo actually me Bengalis ka tha.
05:52Aadhe se zyada population is naye Pakistan ke desh ki,
05:56Bengalis thi,
05:57jo East Pakistan me reh rahe the.
05:59Baaki West Pakistan me Punjabis,
06:01Pakhtuns, Sindhis aur Baloch the.
06:03Ab even though,
06:04Bengalis ki population zyada thi,
06:06poore Pakistan me,
06:07lekin jo powerful positions thi,
06:09jaise ki bureaucracy, military,
06:11aur politics ki jo positions hai,
06:13wo zyadatar West Pakistan ke logon ke haath me thi.
06:16Specifically kaha jaye to,
06:17Mohajirs aur Punjabi jo log the.
06:19Ab is background information ko dhyan me rakhte hua,
06:211947 ke baad Pakistan me jo politics hui,
06:24usse samajhte hain.
06:25Pakistan ki shurwaat hui as a parliamentary democracy,
06:28theek jaise India ki hui thi.
06:29Lekin fark yeh tha,
06:30Pakistan me jo central government thi,
06:32wo bahut zyada powerful thi.
06:34Power ek insaan ke haath me,
06:35bahut concentrated thi,
06:36jiski wajah se,
06:37parliamentary democracy,
06:38sahi tariqah se,
06:39strongly established nahi ho paye.
06:41Saal 1946 me,
06:42British Sarkar ne,
06:43elections organize karwaye the,
06:44undivided India me.
06:46In elections ke results ko dekh kar,
06:48baad me jab Pakistan aur India ka batwara hua,
06:50to legislatures ko bhi,
06:51isi tariqah se divide kiya gaya.
06:53Pakistan me Muhammad Ali jinnah,
06:54Governor General bane,
06:55jinnah dhyan tha,
06:56azadi ke sirf ek saal baad ho jata hai,
06:581948 me.
06:59Unke guzar jane ke baad,
07:01Nazim Uddin Governor General bante hain,
07:03aur Liaqat Ali Khan,
07:05Prime Minister bante hain.
07:06Kareed 3 saal baad,
07:07October 1951 me,
07:08Liaqat ka assassination kar diya jata hai,
07:10aur Nazim Uddin,
07:11naye Prime Minister bante jaate hain.
07:13Wo Ghulam Muhammad ko,
07:14Governor General bante hain,
07:15jo ki ek Punjabi the.
07:17Saal 1953 me,
07:18pehla military coup dekhne ko milta hai,
07:20Pakistan me,
07:21jab Ghulam Muhammad,
07:22power takeover kar lete hain,
07:23aur Nazim Uddin ko dismiss kar dete hain.
07:25Agle saal 1954 me,
07:27elections hoti hain Pakistan me,
07:28aur in elections me,
07:29zyadatar seate jeete jaate hain,
07:31United Front ke dwara.
07:32Jo ki opposition parties ki,
07:34ek coalition thi.
07:35Inme se ek sabse badi party thi,
07:36Awami League,
07:37jo ki ek East Bengal ki party thi.
07:40In election results ke baad,
07:41poori constituent assembly ko,
07:43dismiss kar diya jata hai,
07:44Ghulam Muhammad ke dwara.
07:45Saal 1955 me,
07:46Ghulam Muhammad office chhodte hain,
07:48aur Major General,
07:49Iskandar Mirza Governor General bante hain.
07:51Inke under pehli baar hota hai ki,
07:53East Bengal ki re-naming kari jaate hain.
07:56East Bengal ko,
07:57ab se East Pakistan bulaya jaane lagta hai.
08:00Ab 1947 se lekar 1971 ke beech mein,
08:03Pakistan me kayi phases dekhne ke milte hain,
08:05jaha par military ka rule chal raha tha.
08:08Iska matlab ye hai ki,
08:09jo political parties deserve karti thi,
08:11power me hona,
08:12unse power cheeni jaa rahi thi.
08:14Specifically kaha jaye,
08:15East Bengal me rehne wale logon ko,
08:17politically represent hone ka mauka nahi mil pa raha tha.
08:20Iske lawa,
08:21zyadatar paisa jo desh kharj karta tha,
08:22wo West Pakistan ke paas jaata tha.
08:2475% national budget,
08:26West Pakistan par spent kiya jaata tha.
08:28Even though,
08:2962% jo revenue income aara tha,
08:31Sarkaar ke paas,
08:32wo East Pakistan se aane lag raha tha.
08:34Jo economic development dekhne ko mil rahi thi,
08:36wo West Pakistan me,
08:37zyada behtar tariqe se dekhne ko mil rahi thi.
08:391969-70 mein,
08:40jo per capita income tha,
08:42West Pakistan ka 61% zyada tha,
08:44East Pakistan se.
08:4625 guna zyada military personals the,
08:48West Pakistan me.
08:49Aur is sab ke lawa,
08:50sabse bada issue yaha par tha,
08:52language ko lekar.
08:53Jinna aur unke kayi advisors maante the,
08:55ki East Pakistan aur West Pakistan ka,
08:57sahi maino mein unification tabhi ho sakta hai,
08:59jab wo ek bhaasha bole.
09:01Aur ye bhaasha unki raaye mein honi chahiye,
09:03Urdu.
09:04To West Pakistan ke rulers ke dwara,
09:05yaha par Urdu imposition dekhne ko mila.
09:07Ki bhai zabardasti hai,
09:09har kisi ko Urdu me hi baat karni padegi.
09:11Official kaamon ke liye,
09:12army me,
09:13hum har jagahein,
09:14Urdu me hi baat karenge sirf.
09:15Lekin obviously,
09:16East Pakistan me rehne wale jo log the,
09:18wo East Bengali the,
09:19Bengali bhaasha bolte the.
09:21In fact,
09:2256% Pakistanis,
09:23Bengali me hi baat karte the.
09:24Urdu ko ek,
09:25language of the elite,
09:26maana jata tha.
09:27Jo high profile log hai,
09:28sirf wahi Urdu me baat karte hai.
09:30Aam janta,
09:31Bengal me reh rahi,
09:32Bengali me baat karte thi.
09:3321 March 1948 ko,
09:34Mohammad Ali Jinnah ne,
09:35Dhaka me ek speech di thi,
09:36aur bade clearly kaha tha,
09:38Pakistan ki state language,
09:39sirf Urdu hogi,
09:40aur koi aur bhaasha nahi hogi.
09:42Let me make it very clear to you,
09:44leave no doubt,
09:45that,
09:46this language,
09:47of Pakistan,
09:48is going to be Urdu,
09:50and no other language.
09:51Ye sab sunkar,
09:52Bengal me rehne wale log,
09:53bade outraged ho gaye.
09:54Eventually,
09:55is Urdu imposition ki wajah se,
09:56shurwaat hui,
09:57Bengali language movement ki.
09:5921 February 1952,
10:01ek bada protest,
10:02organise karwaya jara tha,
10:03is language movement ke dwara.
10:05Students ka ek bada group,
10:06aur political activists,
10:07ekhatte huye,
10:08protest karne ke liye,
10:09provincial assembly ke saamne.
10:10Pakistan ki army ne,
10:12in par open fire kar diya.
10:145 log maare gaye.
10:15Aur aaj ke din tak,
10:1621 February ko,
10:17celebrate kiya jata hai,
10:18as the language martyrs day,
10:20Bangladesh me.
10:22Sal 1999 me,
10:23baad me jaakar,
10:24UNESCO ne kaha tha ki,
10:2521 February abse,
10:26International Mother Tongue Day,
10:28bhi manaya jaayega.
10:29Iske response me,
10:302 saal baad jaakar,
10:311954 me,
10:32Bengali ko finally,
10:33kaha gaya ki,
10:34ek official status,
10:35de dete hain.
10:361956 me,
10:37Bengali ko ek state language,
10:38bhi bana diya gaya.
10:39Lekin logon ke andar,
10:40jo feeling thi,
10:41Bengali culture,
10:42aur language ko lekar,
10:43wo aur majboot ban chuki thi.
10:45Aise incidents ne,
10:46ek bada impact dala,
10:47aane wale saalon me.
10:48Sal 1965 me,
10:49India-Pakistan ki beechme,
10:50war hoti hai,
10:51aur is war ke baad,
10:52East-Pakistan,
10:53ek kamjor defence,
10:54ke sath rahe jaata hai.
10:55Jo economic aur political,
10:56imbalance tha,
10:57East-Pakistan aur West-Pakistan me,
10:59wo is war ke baad,
11:00aur ubhar ke aane lagta hai.
11:02Isi reason se,
11:03ek 6 point demand,
11:04uthai jaati hai,
11:05East-Pakistan ke economic,
11:06development ko lekar.
11:08Ye demand uthate hain,
11:09Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
11:10jo ki Awami League,
11:11political party ke,
11:12ek founding leader thi.
11:14Is demand ke 6 points,
11:16desh hila dene wale hote hain.
11:18Sabse pehla point hi,
11:19isme likha gaya tha,
11:20ki Pakistan ko,
11:21ek federation state banaya jaye.
11:23Aur jo East-Pakistan ka region hai,
11:25usse aur zyada autonomy di jaye.
11:27Jo resources hain,
11:28East-Pakistan ke andar,
11:29wo East-Pakistan ki sarkar ko diya jaye.
11:32Do separate currencies hoon,
11:33Pakistan me.
11:34Ek West-Pakistan ke liye,
11:35ek East-Pakistan ke liye.
11:37East-Pakistan ke apne,
11:38independent foreign reserves hoon.
11:40In fact,
11:41ek separate military force bhi hoon.
11:43Matlab ye maange kuch aisi hain,
11:44ki maano ki,
11:45East-Pakistan ko ek,
11:46apna alag hi desh sa bana diya jaye.
11:48Ye sunkar,
11:49obviously,
11:50West-Pakistan ki sarkar,
11:51bilkul bhi khush nahi hoti.
11:52Sari demands ko,
11:53reject kar diya jata hai.
11:54Aur in fact,
11:55West-Pakistan ki sarkar,
11:56kehati hai,
11:57ki is tarikhi ki demands ko,
11:58uthana ek separatist maang hai.
12:00Desh ke khilaf jaana hua hai ye.
12:02Desh ko baatne ki,
12:03baat karne jaisa hua.
12:04Isi ke chalte,
12:0519 June 1968 ko,
12:07uss waqt Pakistan me,
12:08Ayub Khan ke sarkar thi,
12:09wo Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ko,
12:11arrest kar leti.
12:13Saath me,
12:1434 aur Bengali,
12:15civil aur military officers ko,
12:16arrest kiya jata hai,
12:17Pakistan ke khilaf,
12:18conspiracy rachane ke liye.
12:20In par sedition ka case lagaya jata hai.
12:22Is case ko popularly,
12:23bulaya jata hai,
12:24Agartala Conspiracy Case.
12:26General Ayub Khan ka kehna tha,
12:27ki Sheikh Mujibur,
12:28aur unke saathi,
12:29Indian Government ke saath,
12:30Agartala me collaborate kar rahe hain,
12:32jisse ki wo ek,
12:33azaad Bangladesh bana paye.
12:35Agartala,
12:36Tripura me hai,
12:37agar aap bhul gaye ho to.
12:38Ab is point of time tak,
12:39Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
12:40bade popular political leader,
12:41ban chuke the.
12:42Bengali logon ki,
12:43awaaz the wo.
12:44East Pakistan me rehne wale,
12:45Bengali logon ko jo bhi,
12:46atyachar,
12:47discrimination,
12:48aur inequality,
12:49sehni pad rahi thi.
12:50Wo awami league,
12:51aur Sheikh Mujibur me hi,
12:52apni umeed dhoonte the.
12:54To unke arrest hone ke baad,
12:55log sadko par utar aaye.
12:57Bhaari protest dekhne ko mile.
12:59Inhi protest ke beech,
13:00ek Sheikh Mujibur ke saath hi,
13:02Sergeant Zaharullah Haq,
13:04jab ye jail me band the,
13:05inhe ek prison guard ke dwara,
13:07maar diya jata hai.
13:08Ye sunkar logon me aur,
13:09gussa panabta hai.
13:10Mana log,
13:11revolution karne ko tayar hoon.
13:13General Ayub Khan,
13:14iss situation ko madhya nazar rakhte hue,
13:1622nd February 1969 ko,
13:19Sheikh Mujibur Rehman ko,
13:21jail se riha kar dete hain.
13:23Aur jo agartala case,
13:24un par lagaya gaya tha,
13:25usse withdraw kar liya jata hai.
13:27Lekin iss point tak,
13:28demonstrations,
13:29protests,
13:30aur labour strikes,
13:31iss hadd tak badd chuki thi,
13:32ki Ayub Khan ko khud,
13:33resign karna padta hai,
13:351969 me.
13:36Yaha par yaad rakhi hai ki,
13:37General Ayub Khan ne,
13:38apne haathon me satta li thi,
13:39ek military coup ke zariye.
13:41Basically,
13:42Pakistan me unhe,
13:43pichle 10 saalon se,
13:44military dictatorships hi,
13:46bana rakhi thi.
13:47Khud resign karne ke baad,
13:48wo apne successor ko,
13:49appoint karte hain,
13:50General Yahya Khan.
13:51Aur General Yahya Khan,
13:52promise karte hain,
13:53ki wo Pakistan me,
13:54pehli general elections,
13:55karwaayenge.
13:56Aur wo elections,
13:57karwaayi jati hain,
13:58saal 1970 me.
14:00Ye 1970 ki,
14:01elections ke results,
14:02bahut hi,
14:03chowka dene wale hote hain.
14:04East Pakistan ki,
14:06political party,
14:07Awami League,
14:08in elections ko,
14:09jeet jati hain.
14:10313 me se,
14:11167 seats,
14:12inke paas jati hain.
14:14Lekin shocking cheez,
14:15ye thi,
14:16ki inme se,
14:17ek bhi seat,
14:18West Pakistan me,
14:19ye nahi jeette.
14:20Pakistan ka legislature,
14:21kuch aise tha ki,
14:22313 me se,
14:23169 seats,
14:24East Pakistan me thi,
14:26aur baaki wali,
14:27West Pakistan me thi.
14:29To Awami League ne,
14:30313 me se,
14:31167 jeeti.
14:33Yani,
14:34East Pakistan me,
14:35almost har seat jeet li.
14:36Lekin,
14:37West Pakistan me,
14:38ek bhi seat nahi jeeti.
14:39West Pakistan me,
14:40Pakistan's People's Party,
14:42PPP ne,
14:4388 seats jeeti.
14:44Aur is PPP party ne,
14:45East Pakistan me,
14:46ek bhi seat nahi jeeti.
14:48Ye shocking results dikhate hain ki,
14:50jo do hisse the Pakistan ke,
14:52unke beech me darar,
14:54kitni gehri ho chuki thi.
14:55Ab East Pakistan me,
14:56logon ki population zyada thi,
14:57to seate bhi zyada thi.
14:59Isi liye,
15:00Awami League ko yahan par,
15:01vijayata mana jata hai.
15:03Lekin ek aisi political party,
15:04Pakistan me sarkar banayegi,
15:05jisne ek bhi seat,
15:06West Pakistan me nahi jeeti.
15:08Jo West Pakistan ke,
15:09political elites hain,
15:10unke interest se,
15:11bilkul bhi match nahi hota.
15:13In election results ko dekhkar,
15:14jo PPP ke leader the uss waqt,
15:16Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,
15:18wo army officials,
15:19aur General Yahya Khan ke saath milte hain,
15:21aur discuss karte hain ki,
15:23kaise National Assembly ko,
15:24cancel kar dena chahiye.
15:26Literally unki marzi ke,
15:27election results nahi aaye,
15:28to in elections ke results ko,
15:30khaarij kar do.
15:31Aur General Yahya Khan,
15:32exactly yahi karte hain.
15:331st March 1971 ko,
15:35cancellation ki announcement,
15:37kari jaati hain,
15:38ki jo bhi election results aaye hain,
15:40khatam samjho hain.
15:41Ye sunkar,
15:42East Pakistan me,
15:43halla mach jaata hai.
15:44Wahan ke log kahte hain,
15:45ki yeh kya mazaak chalne lag raha hai,
15:46yeh koi democracy hui.
15:47Humne vote diya,
15:48humari marzi ki party jeeti,
15:50aur kyunki tumhe pasand nahi aara,
15:52tum elections ko cancel kar doge,
15:53uthaak.
15:54Sadko par phir se,
15:55bhaari protests utarte hain,
15:56aur is bhaari,
15:57azaadi ke naare lagaye jaate hain.
15:59Wo kahte hain ki,
16:00agar tumhe humare leaders ko,
16:01elect karne me,
16:02toh bhaar niklo side me,
16:03hume azaadi do,
16:04hum apna alag se desh banaye.
16:05Ye foundation hai,
16:06dosto,
16:07Bangladeshi Liberation War ki.
16:09Is point tak aate aate,
16:10East Pakistan me rehne wale log,
16:12Islam ko as a unifying factor,
16:14nahi dekhte the.
16:15Balki,
16:16wo apni Bengali ethnicity ko,
16:17zyada importance dete the.
16:19Wo chahate the,
16:20ek secular,
16:21democratic,
16:22socialist state bane,
16:23jisme Bengali ethnicity,
16:25yaha par main cheez hu.
16:26Yehi se hiye,
16:27country ka naam aaya hai,
16:29Bangladesh.
16:30Bengali logon ka desh.
16:317th March,
16:321971.
16:33Cancellation ke orders,
16:34diye jaane ke baad,
16:35Awami League Political Party,
16:37janta ke support me,
16:38utarti hai,
16:39aur kehti hai ki,
16:40yaha par hum,
16:41non-cooperation movement,
16:42chalu karenge.
16:43West Pakistan me baithi,
16:44sarkaar ko kuch bhi,
16:45kehlene do,
16:46hum unki sunne hi nahi wale.
16:47Sheikh Mujib,
16:48yaha par ek,
16:49bauti zabardas speech,
16:50dete hai,
16:51race course ke ground pe.
16:52Ek badi hi,
16:53aitahasik speech.
16:54Banglara manush,
16:55mukti chahe.
16:56Banglara manush,
16:57baaste chahe.
16:59Banglara manush,
17:00talayatra udhikar chahe.
17:02Nare lagay jaate hain,
17:03our struggle is for our freedom,
17:05our struggle is for our independence.
17:07Joy Bangla.
17:08Ek badi yeh sangram,
17:10amadher muktin sangram.
17:12Ek badi yeh sangram,
17:15saati jasar sangram.
17:18Ab is point par dosto,
17:19jo East Pakistan me rehne wale,
17:20Bengali log the,
17:21aur jo Urdu speaking,
17:22Bihari log the,
17:23jin ka mention,
17:24maine video ke shuru me kiya tha,
17:26in ke beech me,
17:27tanaab badne lagta hai.
17:28Kyuki jo Bihar se,
17:29Urdu speaking log aaye the,
17:31unhe Pro-Pakistan dekha jaara tha.
17:33Pro-West Pakistan.
17:34Kyuki wo Urdu me baat karte the.
17:36Aur generally,
17:37wo West Pakistan ke support me rehte the.
17:39Toh kayi attacks dekhne ko mile,
17:41protest ke beech me,
17:42Bihari communities ki against.
17:44Aur March 1971 me,
17:46Pakistan ki army,
17:47isse as an excuse use karte hai,
17:49intervene karne ke liye.
17:51Pakistani army,
17:52kuch Pro-Pakistan Bengalis ko,
17:54apne operations ke liye recruit karte hai.
17:56Yeh bhi ek badi interesting cheez hai.
17:57Aisa nahi tha ki,
17:58aur koi jo East Pakistan me tha,
17:59wo apne liye ek azaad desh dekhna chahata tha.
18:01Especially,
18:02ek political party thi,
18:03Jamaat-e-Islami.
18:04Uske political leaders aur supporters,
18:06actually me,
18:07West Pakistan ki Sarkar ko support karte the.
18:09Toh unhone,
18:10Pakistani army ke sath collaborate kiya.
18:1210th aur 13th March ke beech me,
18:14Pakistan International Airlines ki,
18:16saare international flights ko,
18:17cancel kar diya jaata hai.
18:19Aur unhe urgently,
18:20kaha jaata hai ki,
18:21wo Dhaka me fly kare.
18:22Kuch Sarkari passengers ko,
18:24le jaakar fly kiya jaara hai waha par.
18:26Kaun hai yeh log?
18:27Yeh hai Pakistani soldiers,
18:29jino ne civilian dresses pehn rakhi hai,
18:31ek operation chalane ke liye.
18:33Meanwhile, East Pakistan me,
18:35protesters ne apne aap ko organise kar liya hai.
18:37Jo Bengali nationalists hain,
18:39unhone apni khud ki ek army bana li hai,
18:41jise Mukti Bahini kaha jaara hai.
18:43Matlab, the force of independence.
18:45Mukti Bahini,
18:46guerrilla operations conduct karte hai,
18:48West Pakistan ki army ke khilaf,
18:50jo East Pakistan me maujood hai.
18:52Yaha par,
18:53Indian army ka bhi contribution aata hai,
18:55Indian army Mukti Bahini ki forces ko,
18:57training provide karte hai,
18:58guerrilla warfare me.
18:59Iske response me,
19:00West Pakistan ek,
19:01East Pakistan Central Peace Committee banata hai,
19:04Shanti Bahini.
19:05Bada hi ironic naam hai,
19:07kyunki Shanti Bahini,
19:08dheer saare war crimes karte hai.
19:10Hazaro civilians ko maara jaata hai,
19:12aur to par atyachaar hote hain.
19:14Aur specifically,
19:15intellectual jo log hain,
19:16unhe target karke maara jaata hai.
19:18Teachers,
19:19scholars,
19:20aur social activists.
19:21Inhe buddhi ji bhi bulaya jaata tha.
19:23Is point of time tak,
19:24law and order ka puri tariqah se,
19:26satya naash hota hai,
19:27East Pakistan me.
19:28Bengalis ne,
19:29saari instructions follow karni,
19:31bandh kardi hain,
19:32jo bhi Pakistan se aa rahi hain.
19:3325 March 1971,
19:35West Pakistan ki sarkar,
19:37ek bhayanak genocide plan karte hai.
19:40Operation Searchlight.
19:42Iska objective hota hai,
19:43jo bhi popular log,
19:44Bangladesh ki azaadi ki maang kar rahe hain,
19:46unhe pagad pagad ke,
19:48maar daalo.
19:4925 March ki raat ko,
19:50hazaaro Pakistani army ki troops,
19:52Dhaka me march karte hain.
19:54Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ko,
19:55arrest kar liya jaata hai,
19:56aur West Pakistan le jaya jaata hai.
19:58Lekin is arrest se pehle,
19:59Sheikh Mujibur ne,
20:00East Pakistan ko,
20:02ek independent country,
20:03declare kar diya tha.
20:05Unhone kaha tha,
20:06ab se hum Pakistan ka hissa nahi hain.
20:08Ab se hum,
20:09Bangladesh hain.
20:10Is declaration ko,
20:11ek transmitter ke duara,
20:12kiya gaya tha.
20:13Transmission ko,
20:14hone me,
20:15kuch ghante ka samay laga tha,
20:16to midnight cross ho chuki thi.
20:18Isi reason se,
20:19aaj ke din 26 March ko,
20:21Bangladesh ka Independence Day,
20:23manaya jaata hai.
20:2427 March 1971,
20:26Major Zia-ur-Rehman,
20:27is declaration ko,
20:28public ke saamne padte hain,
20:30aur announce karte hain,
20:31ki Bangladesh,
20:32ab ek azaad desh hai.
20:34Isi raat,
20:35Dhaka University me,
20:362 student dormitories,
20:37par hamla kiya jaata hai.
20:38Aur ek hi raat ke andar,
20:407000 students,
20:41maare jaate hain,
20:42Pakistan ki army ke duara.
20:43Is operation searchlight me,
20:4530,000 se jaada,
20:46Bengaliyon ka massacre,
20:47kiya jaata hai,
20:48ek hafte ke andar.
20:49Aadhe log,
20:50jo Dhaka shahar me,
20:51reh rahe the,
20:52wo shahar chhod kar bhaag jaate hain.
20:53Saare foreign journalist ko,
20:55deport kar diya jaata hai,
20:56aur radio operations ko bhi,
20:57shut down kar diya jaata hai.
20:59Ek military appointed,
21:00Pakistani journalist,
21:01Anthony Maskaran Haas,
21:03United Kingdom bhaag jaate hain,
21:05aur 13th June 1971 ko,
21:07jo unhone dekha tha,
21:08usse ek article me,
21:09publish karte hain,
21:10The Sunday Times me.
21:11Is article ke zariye,
21:12pehli baar,
21:13baaki duniya ko pada chalta hai,
21:15ki yaha Bangladesh me,
21:16actually me,
21:17hone kya lag raha hai.
21:18Pradhan Mantri Indira Gandhi,
21:19khud is article ko padti hain,
21:20aur isse motivate hoti hain,
21:21kuch action lene ko.
21:23Is crackdown ke baad,
21:24Awami League ke,
21:25kayi political leaders,
21:26India bhaag gaye the,
21:27safety ke liye.
21:2810th April ko,
21:29People's Republic of Bangladesh,
21:31government form hoti hain,
21:33exile me,
21:34Kolkata me.
21:35Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ko,
21:36President declare kar diya jaata hai,
21:38aur Tajuddin Ahmed ko,
21:40Prime Minister.
21:41Is poore conflict ka,
21:42ek bahot bada asar,
21:43dekhne ko milta hai,
21:44India par.
21:451971 ki,
21:46jo autumn thi,
21:47uss ek season me,
21:4910 million se jada refugees,
21:51border cross karke,
21:52India bhaagte hain.
21:54Pradhan Mantri Indira Gandhi,
21:55yaha par sochti hain,
21:56military ka istimaal karke,
21:58is war me hissa lekar,
21:59in logon ko bachana,
22:01zyada economically feasible hoga,
22:03as compared to,
22:04in 10 million refugees ki,
22:06hum sahayata karne ki,
22:07koshish kare.
22:08Humare paas itne paisa nahi honge.
22:0928th April 1971,
22:11Indira Gandhi,
22:12General Sam Manekshaw ko,
22:13kehti hain,
22:14ki wo jung ki tayyariyaan kare.
22:16East Pakistan me,
22:18entry karne ke liye,
22:19ready hon.
22:20General Sam Manekshaw,
22:21itne confident nahi the initially,
22:22ki itne kam time me,
22:23India prepared ho sakta hai,
22:25aur is jung ko jeet sakta hai.
22:26To wo shuru me,
22:27reject kar dete hain,
22:28aur offer karte hain,
22:29resign karne ko.
22:30Lekin Indira Gandhi,
22:31apna confidence,
22:32unpar banaye rakhte hain,
22:33aur unhe puri azadi deti hain,
22:35ki jab unhe theek lage,
22:36tab hi operation kiya jaye.
22:38Unke kaam ki shurwaat hoti hain,
22:39Mukti Bahini ko training,
22:40provide karne se.
22:41July 1971 tak aate aate,
22:44Indira Gandhi ne,
22:45actually me,
22:46East Pakistan ko,
22:47East Pakistan,
22:48bulana bandh kar diya hai.
22:49Ab wo isse,
22:50Bangladesh karke pukarti.
22:51Is point of time tak,
22:52abhi bhi,
22:53koi conflict nahi dekhne ko mila hai,
22:54India aur Pakistan ki,
22:55beech mein directly.
22:56Yeh sirf 3rd December 1971 ko,
22:58jaa kar hi hota hai,
22:59ki Pakistan,
23:00Operation Changes Khan,
23:01launch karta hai,
23:02aur India ke airfields par,
23:04hamla bol deta hai.
23:05Pakistan ko dard tha,
23:06ki India kisi bhi waqt,
23:07military ka istimal karke,
23:08is war me intervene kar sakta hai,
23:10aur Bangladesh ko,
23:11azad karne me,
23:12madad kar sakta hai.
23:13To wo sochte hain,
23:14ki kyu na,
23:15hum hi pehle,
23:16unh par hamla kar de.
23:17Lekin obviously,
23:18yeh strategy,
23:19kisi kaam ki nahi hoti.
23:20Kyuki,
23:21India ki,
23:22jo military strategy thi,
23:23aur military power thi,
23:24wo kahi zyada bhaitar hoti hai,
23:25Pakistan ke comparison me.
23:26India ka response tha,
23:27ki West Pakistan me,
23:28ek defensive military strategy chale,
23:30aur East Pakistan me,
23:32ek coordinated offensive thrust ho.
23:34Jani soldiers ko,
23:35ground par bheja jaye.
23:36India ki war me,
23:37entry karte hi,
23:38Pakistan,
23:39United Nations ko,
23:40appeal karta hai,
23:41ki India ko,
23:42cease fire karne ke liye,
23:43force kiya jaye.
23:44United Nations ka,
23:45security council,
23:464th December ko,
23:47assemble karta hai.
23:48Badi lambi charcha chalti hai,
23:49uss waqt,
23:50USA Pakistan ke,
23:51favour me zyada tha,
23:52aur Soviet Union,
23:53India ke favour me,
23:54zyada tha.
23:55To US,
23:56China aur UK,
23:57actually me,
23:58support karte hain,
23:59ki India immediately,
24:00cease fire kar de,
24:01aur apne troops ko,
24:02withdraw kar le.
24:03Lekin Soviet Union,
24:04is resolution ko,
24:05veto kar deta hai,
24:06do baar.
24:07Aur Bengalis ke khilaf,
24:08jo atrocities ho rahi thi,
24:09unhe dhyan me rakh kar,
24:10baad me jaa kar,
24:11UK aur France bhi,
24:12vote karne se,
24:13abstain kar dete hain.
24:146th December,
24:151971,
24:16Bhutan,
24:17pehla desh banta hai,
24:18Bangladesh ko,
24:19officially recognise karne wala.
24:20Isi din,
24:21India bhi,
24:22Bangladesh ko,
24:23officially recognise kar leta hai.
24:2412th December tak,
24:25aate aate,
24:26India Pakistan ke,
24:27beech war me,
24:28Pakistan ek,
24:29bahot badi haar ko,
24:30apne saamne dekh raha hai.
24:31Pakistan ke,
24:32Deputy Prime Minister,
24:33Foreign Minister,
24:34Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,
24:35jaldi se,
24:36New York jaate hain,
24:37America ke saath,
24:38discuss karne ke liye,
24:39is tarike se,
24:40yaha par,
24:41ek cease fire ka case,
24:42banaya jaa se.
24:43Chaar din lagte hain,
24:44is proposal ko,
24:45finalise karne me,
24:46lekin tab tak,
24:47East Pakistan me,
24:48Pakistan ki military,
24:49already surrender kar chuki hoti hain.
24:52Ye war,
24:53khatam ho jaati hain.
24:54Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,
24:55frustration me aakar,
24:57United Nations me,
24:58apni speech rokh kar,
25:00Council chhod kar chale jaate hain.
25:02Ye video unka,
25:03aap yaha par dekh sakte hain.
25:05Why should I waste my time here,
25:07in the Security Council?
25:09I am going.
25:12I am going.
25:1516th December 1971,
25:17Indian Army ne,
25:18Dhaka shahar ko,
25:19chaaro taraf se gher liya hai.
25:2130 minute diya jaate hain,
25:22surrender karne ke liye,
25:23Pakistan ki military ko.
25:25Lieutenant General,
25:26Aamir Abdullah Khan Niazi,
25:28bina kisi,
25:29resistance ke,
25:30surrender kar dete hain.
25:31East Pakistan me,
25:32baithi Sarkar,
25:33immediately collapse kar jaate hain.
25:36Isi din,
25:3716th December 1971,
25:38historic,
25:39Instrument of Surrender,
25:40sign kiya jaata hai.
25:4193,000 se zyada,
25:43Pakistani troops,
25:44surrender karte hain,
25:45Indian forces aur,
25:46Bangladesh Liberation Forces,
25:48ke saamne.
25:49Ye duniya ka largest,
25:50surrender tha,
25:51World War II ke baad se.
25:52Agle saal,
25:531972 me,
25:54ek Shimla Agreement,
25:55sign kari jaati hain,
25:56India aur Pakistan ke beech me.
25:57Is agreement ke anusaar,
25:59Pakistan recognise karta hai,
26:01Bangladesh ko,
26:02as an independent country.
26:04Lekin Pakistan ko,
26:05ye karne ke badle,
26:06kya milta hai?
26:07India promise karta hai,
26:08Pakistan ko,
26:0993,000 Pakistan ke,
26:11Prisoners of War hain.
26:12Unhe wapas Pakistan,
26:13release kar diya jayega,
26:145 mahine ke andar-andar.
26:16Aur jo 13,000 sq km,
26:18jameen,
26:19Indian troops ne,
26:20West Pakistan me,
26:21kabja li thi,
26:22usse bhi,
26:23India wapas kar dega,
26:24West Pakistan ko.
26:25Kuch is tariqe se,
26:26dosto janm hota hai,
26:27ek naye desh ka.
26:29Bangladesh.
26:311972 me,
26:32Pakistan ke dwara,
26:33recognise kiye jaane ke baad,
26:341974 me,
26:35United Nations bhi,
26:36Bangladesh ko,
26:37as an independent country,
26:38recognise kar leta hai.
26:40Doosri taraf,
26:41Pakistan me,
26:42Yahya Khan ki dictatorship,
26:43collapse kar jati hai,
26:44aur Bhutto ko,
26:4520th December 1971 ko,
26:48naya President sworn in,
26:49kiya jata hai.
26:50Shimla Agreement ke anusaar,
26:51Mujibur Rahman ko bhi,
26:52jail se release kiya jata hai,
26:54wo Dhaka lotte hain,
26:55ek hero ki tarahin.
26:571973 me,
26:58jab elections hoti hain,
26:59Bangladesh me,
27:00landslide majority ke saath,
27:01wo elections jeette hain.
27:03Awami League,
27:04unki political party,
27:05power me aati hain,
27:06lekin unfortunately,
27:07ek kahaani me,
27:08yaha itni koi,
27:09happy ending nahi hai,
27:10is point of time par.
27:11Kyuki baat kya hai dosto,
27:12jis problem se,
27:13Pakistan suffer kar raha tha,
27:15constantly military dictatorships,
27:17ussi problem se,
27:19kuch had tak,
27:20Bangladesh bhi ab,
27:21suffer karne lagta hai.
27:22Mujibur Rahman,
27:23ek secular aadmi the,
27:24jino ne Jamaat-e-Islami par,
27:25ban laga diya tha.
27:27Unhone saari political parties par,
27:29ban kar diya,
27:30jo dharm ke aadhar par bani thi,
27:32power lene ke baad.
27:33Lekin 15 August 1975 ko,
27:36ek Mujibur Rahman ko,
27:37assassinate kar diya jata hai,
27:39unke poore parivaar ke saath.
27:41Sirf unki do betiya zinda bachti hain,
27:43jo uss waqt,
27:44Germany me thi.
27:45Yeh kahaani ko,
27:46main bahut short me bata raha hoon,
27:47kyuki aur bahut saari complexities,
27:48involved hai yaha par.
27:491975 me,
27:51General Zia Hur Rahman,
27:52power par kabja jamate hain,
27:54aur public narrative ko,
27:55change karne hi koshish karte hain.
27:57Yani Bangladesh me bhi,
27:58ek military coup,
27:59dekhne ko milta hai.
28:00Yeh military ko,
28:01heroes ki tarah portray karte hain,
28:02Jamaat-e-Islami par,
28:03jo ban laga tha,
28:04usse hata diya jata hai.
28:05Aur agle kayi saalon tak,
28:06Bangladesh ek secular democracy,
28:08bana rehne ki jagah hain,
28:09ek military dictatorship,
28:11bana rehta hai.
28:12Saal 2009 me,
28:13Mujibur Rahman ki beti,
28:14Sheikh Haseena power me aati hain.
28:16Aur aaj ke din tak bhi,
28:17Sheikh Haseena hi power me hain,
28:19current Prime Minister hain,
28:20Bangladesh ki.
28:21Awami League,
28:22ruling party hai.
28:23Is poori kahaani me,
28:24kya lesson,
28:25aapko seekhne ko milta hai?
28:27Neeche comments me likkar batao,
28:28aapki raye me,
28:29kya lesson seekha aapne,
28:30is poori kahaani se?
28:32Meri raye me,
28:33ek bada lesson,
28:34jo yaha seekhne ko milta hai,
28:35is Bangladesh ki story se,
28:37wo language imposition ka hai.
28:39Shaayad agar Jinnah ne,
28:40Urdu bhaasha ko is tariqe se,
28:41impose karne ki kushish na kari hoti,
28:43aur Bengali logon ko,
28:44ek barabar treat kiya hota,
28:46West Pakistan ke logon ke,
28:48to shaayad,
28:49kabhi Bangladesh desh,
28:50exist hi na karta.
28:52Ya phir ye phir bhi hota,
28:53kyuki geographically,
28:54ye dono regions,
28:55itne alag hain,
28:56ek doosre se.
28:57Culture inke itne alag hain,
28:59ki united rehna,
29:00bohoti mushkil tha.
29:01Aaj ke din,
29:02kehna bada mushkil hai,
29:03ki kya hota.
29:04Lekin future mein,
29:05seekh zarur li jaa sakti hai.
29:07Video pasand aaya,
29:08aise hi aur historical videos,
29:09dekh sakte hain.
29:10Indira Gandhi ki,
29:111975 wali emergency wala video,
29:13zarur recommend karunga.
29:15Iske baad aap jaa kar dekh sakte hain,
29:17yaha click karke.
29:18Bohot bohot dhanyawaad.
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