Discover why the Titanic was doomed from the start with these compelling facts! #Titanic #HistoricalMysteries #FascinatingFacts Animation is created by Bright Side.
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00:00:00April 1912 marked one of the most terrible tragedies in the history of the world.
00:00:05The most unsinkable vessel, the pinnacle of engineering at that time, the huge Titanic,
00:00:11sank.
00:00:12On that dark, moonless night, the ship had many chances to save its passengers.
00:00:16There was another ship just a few miles away that could have saved the Titanic, but it
00:00:21didn't.
00:00:22It wasn't a phantom ship, and it's not some legend or a theory.
00:00:26This is a documented reality.
00:00:28There are records and witnesses' statements confirming this.
00:00:32But why didn't this ship help?
00:00:34Let's find out what happened that night by looking at these events from three different
00:00:38points of view.
00:00:40Let's start with the Titanic version.
00:00:4211.30 pm.
00:00:44The moon hides behind black clouds.
00:00:46Visibility is bad.
00:00:48Everything is calm on the Titanic.
00:00:50Under the captain's guidance, the communications operator stays in touch with the mainland
00:00:55through the radio.
00:00:56At this moment, some stranger breaks into the frequency, interrupting the operator's
00:01:01communication.
00:01:02It's unclear what this strange man wants and what he's talking about.
00:01:06The operator doesn't try to figure it out.
00:01:09He shouts at the guy, demanding him to disconnect.
00:01:12The connection is interrupted.
00:01:14At 11.40 pm, the Titanic crashes into an iceberg.
00:01:19The ice breaks the hull.
00:01:21Water begins to flood the lower decks.
00:01:23Nobody is panicking yet.
00:01:2520 minutes later, at midnight, the ship's crew sends a distress signal through the radio
00:01:30frequency.
00:01:31Few people understand how bad the situation really is.
00:01:35After 20 minutes, at 12.20 am, they start lowering lifeboats with passengers.
00:01:41At 12.25 am, they receive a response to the distress signal.
00:01:46This is RMS Carpathia.
00:01:48Their captain reports they're already sailing at maximum speed towards the Titanic.
00:01:53But the problem is that the crash site is 58 miles away.
00:01:57This means Carpathia will only be here in 4 hours.
00:02:02At 12.45 am, the sinking ship's crew release rockets into the air.
00:02:07These flares are one of the main reasons for the terrible fate of many passengers.
00:02:12But more on that later.
00:02:1490 minutes later, the Titanic's deck breaks and the ship dives underwater.
00:02:20At 4.10 am, the Carpathia finally arrives at the shipwreck location.
00:02:25The crew members make heroic efforts to save all the people.
00:02:28They take 705 survivors on board.
00:02:31At this moment, another ship appears.
00:02:34It's SS Californian.
00:02:36The Carpathia sails towards the New York coast with all the people.
00:02:40The Californian floats in search of passengers and finds nothing but wreckage.
00:02:45The ship was only a few miles away while the Titanic sank into the icy water.
00:02:51The Californian could have saved these people, but did nothing.
00:02:55Its captain, Stanley Lord, made one of the most terrible acts that a sailor can allow.
00:03:01He didn't help a sinking ship.
00:03:04When the world found out about all this, they detested Captain Lord.
00:03:08They couldn't bring charges against him, and the trial didn't punish him.
00:03:12But his career was ruined entirely, as no other ship company would hire him.
00:03:17Despite this, he never confessed he had been guilty.
00:03:21Before he passed away, the captain said it hadn't been his fault.
00:03:25If this was true, then what happened there?
00:03:29This brings us to the Californian version.
00:03:32It's the night of April 14th.
00:03:34The Californian is sailing in the cold waters of the North Atlantic.
00:03:38The ship gets into a section with a lot of icebergs.
00:03:42At 10.10 p.m., Captain Lord stops the ship.
00:03:45It's too dangerous to move around this area, as they can damage the hull.
00:03:50At 11 p.m., the ship starts drifting.
00:03:53It's impossible to move in such conditions with such poor visibility.
00:03:57The captain knows that the Titanic is coming here, so he orders the radio operator to warn
00:04:02the ship about the danger.
00:04:05Radio operator Evans turns on the receiver and tries to contact the Titanic.
00:04:10He spends about 30 minutes on it.
00:04:13The connection is finally established.
00:04:15At this moment, the Titanic radio operator is speaking with the mainland.
00:04:20Evans interrupts this conversation and tries to warn the ship about icebergs.
00:04:24The operator doesn't understand Evans' words.
00:04:28He's annoyed because Evans broke into the channel so brazenly.
00:04:32He shouts at Evans and cuts the connection.
00:04:35Tired, Evans turns off the receiver and informs his superiors about the incident.
00:04:41It's still a mystery how the captain reacted to this news.
00:04:44He probably thought the Titanic knew about the danger.
00:04:48He lets Evans go to bed.
00:04:50If Evans hadn't turned off the radio and waited one hour, he would have heard a distress signal
00:04:55from the Titanic.
00:04:57But you shouldn't blame him.
00:04:58At this point, he has no official reason to stay at the transmitter.
00:05:03Evans is too exhausted and can't fight drowsiness.
00:05:06So, Evans goes to bed.
00:05:09The Titanic begins to sink.
00:05:12Its captain sends a distress signal.
00:05:14The operator on board the Carpathia catches it, but the Californian doesn't, since the
00:05:19receiver is turned off.
00:05:22Captain Lord can't sleep.
00:05:23He feels that something is wrong.
00:05:26Meanwhile, the Titanic is rapidly sinking under the water.
00:05:30The captain gives the order to launch rockets into the air.
00:05:33And here is where one of the critical mistakes takes place.
00:05:37They release warning lights, but they are not red.
00:05:40The crew forgot to take red rockets on board for some reason, so they lit up the sky with
00:05:45a bright white light.
00:05:47If you need to send a distress signal, you need to release red lights.
00:05:52Captain Lord sees these lights, but doesn't perceive them as a cry for help.
00:05:56It can't be that there are no standard red rockets on such a massive ship as the Titanic.
00:06:02But unfortunately, it can.
00:06:05Captain Lord thinks the Titanic is sailing away.
00:06:08Perhaps there is some unknown reason behind those white lights, but he doesn't really
00:06:13know.
00:06:14So, Captain Lord has no idea that the Titanic is sinking.
00:06:19He still decides to contact the ship, but this time, not through radio communication.
00:06:25Captain Lord doesn't wake up the radio operator and sends a signal to the Titanic through
00:06:30a signal lamp.
00:06:31It's important to understand that many old-school captains didn't take radio communication seriously.
00:06:37They didn't understand the value of this technology.
00:06:41That's why Captain Lord doesn't wake up Evans.
00:06:44He sends light signals, but the Titanic doesn't respond.
00:06:48Many survivors later mentioned seeing the flashing lights of the Californian, but there
00:06:53was nothing they could have done.
00:06:55The ship's crew doesn't hear their cries for help.
00:06:59At 2.20 AM, the Titanic completely goes underwater.
00:07:03A little more than two hours later, radio operator Evans wakes up and turns the transmitter
00:07:09on.
00:07:10He hears many rescuers talking about the sunken ship.
00:07:14Evans understands everything.
00:07:16He reports this to the captain.
00:07:18At that moment, the Californian immediately heads to the wreck site.
00:07:22They meet Carpathia there.
00:07:24With the survivors on board, it sails towards New York.
00:07:28The Californian stays sailing and looking for people.
00:07:31They find nothing but wreckage.
00:07:34The Californian returns to the mainland.
00:07:36The news about the ship that could have saved the Titanic is spreading all over the country.
00:07:42The trial begins.
00:07:44Captain Stanley Lord and the crew tell their version.
00:07:48They say their ship had been standing still.
00:07:51Many people don't believe them, and some of the surviving passengers claim to have
00:07:55seen the Californian sailing by.
00:07:57Still, the judge declares them innocent.
00:08:011962.
00:08:03Captain Stanley Lord is a very old man.
00:08:06He calls a notary to confess something.
00:08:09The captain makes his last remark about this case.
00:08:12He swears he's not guilty.
00:08:15But if it wasn't the Californian sailing past the Titanic at that moment, then what?
00:08:20The Samson Theory could answer that question for us.
00:08:24The sealing ship Samson is sailing in the cold waters of the North Atlantic.
00:08:29The crew aren't sleeping.
00:08:31They carefully study the surroundings, but not because they're afraid of icebergs.
00:08:35They're scared of meeting with the U.S. Coast Guard.
00:08:39The Samson ship's crew catch seals, which is illegal.
00:08:43At 12.45 a.m., Samson's captain sees white signal rockets.
00:08:49The team is sure it's the Coast Guard.
00:08:51They turn off the lights and sail away.
00:08:54It's dark, so they don't notice the sinking Titanic.
00:08:58They return to the coast of Iceland and hear about the disaster.
00:09:02They realize they have abandoned the drowning passengers.
00:09:06The nephew of one of Samson's crew members reads about this story in his uncle's diary.
00:09:12The nephew asks for permission to publish these recordings.
00:09:16All the people realize that Captain Lord wasn't guilty, but unfortunately, he didn't
00:09:21live to see this moment.
00:09:23Actually, it's still unknown who is guilty in this story.
00:09:27Two ships were nearby the Titanic.
00:09:30Their captains were adequate people.
00:09:32They would have helped save all the passengers.
00:09:35Their fault was that they couldn't understand what the Titanic wanted on that dark night.
00:09:41Someone forgot to put red flares in the box.
00:09:44This small but fatal detail was one of the leading causes of the tragedy.
00:09:49It was just a couple of hours before midnight.
00:09:52Some of the 2,200 passengers of a large, luxurious ocean liner were still partying in the beautiful
00:09:58first-class lounges.
00:09:59The rest were asleep in their beds, some of them in spacious cabins filled with paintings
00:10:04and decorated with ornate carvings, others in tiny rooms below sea level.
00:10:10All of these people had only one thing in common.
00:10:12On that chilly April night, all of them were heading from Southampton in England to New
00:10:17York City.
00:10:18The ship was called the Titanic, and at that time, it was considered unsinkable.
00:10:24At the very beginning of the journey, the liner nearly collided with the steamship New
00:10:28York.
00:10:29Luckily, the Titanic managed to pass by the other vessel with several feet to spare.
00:10:34A calm and sigh of relief escaped the passengers crowding the liner's decks.
00:10:39Little did they know what was awaiting them in the near future.
00:10:43Several days later, when the ship was already in the North Atlantic Ocean, 370 miles away
00:10:48from Newfoundland, the unthinkable happened.
00:10:52At about 11.40 pm on April 14, those who were still awake were knocked over by some mysterious
00:10:59and powerful force.
00:11:01Passengers who were already in their beds got catapulted to the floor.
00:11:05Screams and total confusion.
00:11:08Moments before the disaster struck, a ginormous chunk of ice had broken away from a glacier
00:11:13in southwest Greenland.
00:11:15It was made of the snow that had fallen about 100,000 years ago, when mammoths were still
00:11:20roaming the planet.
00:11:22When the iceberg just started its journey, it was a huge thing.
00:11:27Almost 1,700 feet long, it also weighed 75 million tons.
00:11:32But then it floated much further to the south than normal, right into the area the Titanic
00:11:38had to cross on its way to North America.
00:11:41Even after melting into the water for months, the iceberg still weighed an impressive 1.5
00:11:46million tons.
00:11:48Its top part was towering over the water for almost 100 feet.
00:11:52Even so, it looked harmless next to the massive ocean liner, but only at first glance.
00:11:58What people saw was just a tiny part of a jumbo piece of ice.
00:12:03The largest part of any iceberg is hidden under the surface, with a mere one-tenth visible
00:12:08above the water.
00:12:10The Titanic iceberg wasn't an exception.
00:12:13The moment the ship collided with it, the vessel was doomed.
00:12:16Unable to divert its course, it crashed into the ice, rupturing at least five of its hull
00:12:22compartments.
00:12:23They immediately started to fill with water, which then flooded each succeeding compartment.
00:12:28The front of the ship started to sink.
00:12:30Ice raised the back part almost vertically into the air.
00:12:34And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.
00:12:38The rest is history.
00:12:39But what if what we know about the disaster is not true?
00:12:44What if the ship hadn't been wrecked by an iceberg?
00:12:47What if it had been something more treacherous and way more alive that sank the Titanic?
00:12:53Far far beneath the surface, in the ocean's dim, dark depths, a shadow lurks.
00:12:59Imagine an enormous creature, round, flat, and full of arms, or rather, powerful tentacles.
00:13:07It resembles a giant squid or octopus, but much, much bigger.
00:13:11Its descriptions go from as long as ten ships to a mile and a half long.
00:13:17Rumor has it unlucky sailors sometimes mistake the sea monster for an island.
00:13:22But instead of stepping on dry land, they're dragged down into the ocean.
00:13:27These people meet the Kraken, a legendary creature feared by everyone who sets off on
00:13:32a sea voyage.
00:13:33Usually, the Kraken haunts the seas off the coasts of Norway through Iceland and all the
00:13:39way to Greenland.
00:13:40Who knows what has brought the beast further away from home?
00:13:44The waters of the North Atlantic are just as chilly, and the creature feels good and
00:13:49curious.
00:13:50Once it notices the Titanic, the ship has no chances to escape its attention.
00:13:56It's dark.
00:13:57That's why those on the ocean liner don't notice the first alarm bells.
00:14:01The water around the ship starts to bubble.
00:14:04If you strain your ears, you can hear bizarre gurgling sounds.
00:14:08If you strain your eyes, you can see thousands of fish and jellyfish rising to the surface.
00:14:14They feel something's up down below.
00:14:17But even if someone on the Titanic noticed this hectic activity, they wouldn't have
00:14:22time to get out of the way of the horrifying beast.
00:14:25Its enormous size and super long and strong tentacles turn it into a predator you can't
00:14:31escape.
00:14:32A 9-year-old boy standing on the deck knows nothing about the sea monster.
00:14:37He's just watching countless small islands rising out of the sea, very, very slowly.
00:14:43The kid doesn't understand why, but all the blood in his body suddenly runs cold.
00:14:49Hundreds of tiny fish are leaping about in the pools between these sandbanks.
00:14:54But soon, they roll off into the water over the sides of the ginormous something.
00:15:00Several sharp points appear above the surface.
00:15:03The intrigued boy thinks they look like horns.
00:15:06They keep growing, thicker and thicker, the higher they rise.
00:15:10Soon they're towering over the massive Titanic, dwarfing the ship.
00:15:14These horns are the Kraken's dreaded arms.
00:15:17The boy is paralyzed by fear.
00:15:20But then he spots the monster's eye.
00:15:22It's as big as an elephant.
00:15:24It makes the kid come to his senses and dash away, screaming like there's no tomorrow.
00:15:30The boy's shouting attracts people.
00:15:32They gather along the ship's side, trying to spot what scared the child so much.
00:15:37And then they see.
00:15:39First one, then more and more passengers and crew members lean over the railing to get
00:15:44a better look.
00:15:45They aren't being careless, they're just in shock.
00:15:48Indeed it's hard to believe your eyes when they tell you a dreaded beast is about to
00:15:52attack the ship you're on.
00:15:54Plus it's dark, and no one can see clearly what that huge shadow is.
00:15:59But the next several minutes prove it's not a mirage.
00:16:03All of a sudden, the creature rises, one of its monstrous arms, and stretches it toward
00:16:08the vessel.
00:16:09It might very well be longer than the liner's entire hull.
00:16:13Women start screaming and fainting.
00:16:15Men seem to be just as terrified.
00:16:17Those who have managed to keep their heads clear sweep up kids and run for shelter.
00:16:22That's when the first powerful hit shakes the vessel.
00:16:25The Kraken's had enough waiting, it's ready for action.
00:16:29Panic engulfs people on board the Titanic.
00:16:32Running around aimlessly and screaming, they create chaos that makes the beast even more
00:16:38interested.
00:16:39Normally, the monster just wants to be left alone.
00:16:42It rests deep down on the ocean floor, using its long tentacles to tether itself to the
00:16:47bottom and lazily hunt for food.
00:16:50It only rises to the surface when the weather's unusually warm, or when it gets disturbed.
00:16:56The Titanic is probably too massive and loud.
00:16:59It draws the creature out of its slumber.
00:17:03When the beast gets to the surface and sees a large, glistening boat, wow, the thing mesmerizes
00:17:09the creature.
00:17:10It holds out one of its tentacles to touch the unusual construction.
00:17:14The material is hard, and the beast wonders if the thing will break when squeezed.
00:17:20Without wasting much time, it wraps several arms around the ship and tries to squish it.
00:17:25Tiny creatures fussing around, falling overboard, and making annoying high-pitched noises start
00:17:31to irritate the Kraken.
00:17:33It's getting angry.
00:17:34Easing its grip, the monster circles the Titanic several times, getting ready for the next
00:17:40attack.
00:17:41This time, the strike is much stronger.
00:17:43It bends the metal and makes it brittle.
00:17:46One more movement of a deaf tentacle, and the ship starts to fill with water.
00:17:51The Kraken retreats, as if to enjoy the results of its efforts.
00:17:55But then, it notices the ship trying to speed up in futile attempts to put some distance
00:18:00between itself and the monster.
00:18:03People on board the Titanic heave a sigh of relief.
00:18:06The beast is nowhere in sight.
00:18:08Little do they know that the Kraken never lets its toys get away.
00:18:13The ship is beginning to slow down.
00:18:15Its rear part is slowly lifting up, and the front is going down underwater.
00:18:20Passengers and crew members are falling over onto the decks.
00:18:24Most of them are too scared to make a sound.
00:18:27That's why everything's happening in almost complete eerie silence.
00:18:32Until the ship breaks into two parts under its own weight.
00:18:35The crash is so powerful that it scares away even the Kraken.
00:18:39Spooked, the beast dives back into the ocean, which creates a massive boiling whirlpool
00:18:44in that spot.
00:18:46The suction is dragging what's left of the Titanic to the depths of the ocean.
00:18:51The most tragic thing here, though?
00:18:53The Kraken isn't even interested in people on board the ship.
00:18:57This creature is content to munch on fish.
00:18:59It doesn't need bigger prey.
00:19:01It's the animal's curiosity that's now pulling the huge ship down to the bottom.
00:19:07Does the majestic liner have any hope?
00:19:10I think you know the answer.
00:19:13You know S.O.S., don't you?
00:19:15Three dots, three dashes, and three more dots?
00:19:18It's an easy enough signal to tap out in Morse code.
00:19:21It means Save Our Souls or Save Our Ship.
00:19:25The crew of the legendary Titanic had been desperately trying to send this signal for
00:19:29two hours the night of April 14, 1912.
00:19:34There were other ships not too far from the spot where the iceberg took down the mighty
00:19:38titan of the sea.
00:19:40But the call for help seemingly disappeared before it could reach them.
00:19:44The passenger ship SS Mount Temple did pick up the signal and tried to respond, but the
00:19:50Titanic never got the answer.
00:19:52So what was silencing the ship's cries for help?
00:19:56Some unknown Bermuda Triangle of the North Atlantic?
00:20:01Answer this.
00:20:02Eyewitnesses say the sky was painted with a brilliant aurora borealis that cold, fateful
00:20:07night.
00:20:08Beautiful, yes, but on that day, the northern lights may have sealed Titanic's fate for
00:20:13good.
00:20:14You see, the aurora borealis forms thanks to geomagnetic storms.
00:20:19Sounds complicated, but those are basically fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic sphere,
00:20:25and what causes those is the Sun itself.
00:20:28The magnetic sphere is like a protective bubble that surrounds our planet.
00:20:32It blocks harmful solar rays, winds, and other cosmic dangers from reaching us.
00:20:37Without it, life on our planet wouldn't be possible.
00:20:40Earth would look more like Mars.
00:20:43You also have it to thank for compasses pointing north.
00:20:47Experts know the Earth's magnetosphere affects navigational equipment, or disrupts it.
00:20:52Which brings us back to the Titanic.
00:20:55Recently, a published weather researcher named Mila Zinkova proposed a theory that solar
00:21:01flares, which provoked a geomagnetic storm, could've played a major role in the Titanic's
00:21:07untimely demise.
00:21:09Solar flares make themselves known on Earth all the time.
00:21:13Some people are especially sensitive to the magnetic storms they cause.
00:21:17These unlucky folks can feel weakness, fatigue, headaches, and even mood swings.
00:21:22On usual days, the pressure is the same on both sides.
00:21:25The magnetosphere blocks all the bad stuff, and we're all happy.
00:21:29But sometimes, explosions occur on the side.
00:21:32They can be massive, Earth-sized.
00:21:35These flares shoot out a wave of charged particles that collides with the magnetosphere at high
00:21:40speeds.
00:21:41Our protective bubble then goes on the defense.
00:21:44It shrinks, deforms, and pushes those particles toward the poles.
00:21:49Remember those brilliant lights dancing above the Titanic that night?
00:21:53In the North, we know it as Aurora Borealis.
00:21:56In the South, Aurora Australis, or the Southern Lights.
00:22:01When the magnetosphere pushes those solar and cosmic particles toward the poles, they
00:22:05collide with molecules of different gases.
00:22:08That's why you get the range of colors.
00:22:10For example, oxygen can be green or red, depending on the distance, and nitrogen is blue or purple.
00:22:18What multiple people saw that night was exactly this phenomenon, including the second officer
00:22:23from the rescue ship Carpathia.
00:22:26He wrote it down in the logbook before getting the distress call from the Titanic.
00:22:30But I'm getting ahead of myself.
00:22:33Auroras are a visible sign of a geomagnetic storm.
00:22:36Now about navigational equipment.
00:22:38This applies to satellite and radio frequency devices.
00:22:42Remember, they didn't have iPhones back in the Titanic days, so the average person couldn't
00:22:47notice their gadgets going haywire.
00:22:49But navigational devices and wireless telegraph did exist and were actively used.
00:22:55Rewind back to the Middle Ages, when sailors noticed that, on some days, compasses wigged
00:23:01out.
00:23:02The arrows spun in all directions, and people back then had no idea why.
00:23:06It wasn't until the 18th century when French scientists found out that such problematic
00:23:12days occur at the same time as black spots appearing on the sun.
00:23:17After flares, the mystery was solved.
00:23:19Now the Titanic had the most advanced well-known radio equipment at that time.
00:23:25They tested it thoroughly to make sure it worked for distances up to 2,000 miles away.
00:23:31Titanics passed them all.
00:23:33On April 10, 1912, the massive liner left Southampton and set off for New York.
00:23:39The very next day, the crew started getting the first reports of drifting icebergs and
00:23:44ice fields.
00:23:46They put dots on the map to mark the coordinates and let out a sigh of relief.
00:23:51All the troublesome spots were north of the Titanic's planned route.
00:23:55But after a couple of days, the warnings were moving farther and farther south, encroaching
00:24:00on the majestic ship.
00:24:02On April 14, Captain Edward Smith decided to change course to the south in hopes of
00:24:07bypassing the ice.
00:24:09This ended up being a huge mistake.
00:24:12After the magnetic storm, if it was throwing the navigation equipment off, even by a tiny
00:24:18error of half a degree, the captain could've been mistakenly taking the ship right toward
00:24:23a cluster of icebergs.
00:24:26What's even worse, the radio operators ignored warnings coming from other ships.
00:24:31That or they simply forgot to hand them over to the captain.
00:24:35As hired contractors from the radio company, they were more interested in transmitting
00:24:39paid telegrams from passengers on that luxurious liner.
00:24:43The radio transmitter kept going out of order that evening, probably because of all this
00:24:47private traffic.
00:24:49When it was finally fixed, operator Jack Phillips received another message from the SS Californian
00:24:55at 10.30 pm.
00:24:57Their operator was trying to warn Phillips about the coordinates of drifting icebergs,
00:25:02but he paid them no attention.
00:25:04He was nervous and in a hurry.
00:25:07Is the magnetic storm to blame for his frayed nerves and bad mood?
00:25:11We can only speculate.
00:25:13But as you know, some people are more sensitive to these things.
00:25:17The weather was fine, the ocean was calm, the water was smooth as glass.
00:25:22Despite all the warnings, the ship continued to sail at a maximum speed of over 22 knots.
00:25:28An hour later, Titanic collided with the infamous iceberg.
00:25:33On April 15th at 12.14 am, in the middle of the night, Titanic's operators started
00:25:39to transmit the first emergency signals.
00:25:42The SS Californian was sailing just 20 miles from the Titanic.
00:25:46They could've easily come to a quick rescue.
00:25:49But 10 minutes before the disaster, the Californian's radio operator had gone to bed.
00:25:55He was the only one who understood Morse code on the ship.
00:25:59According to this new theory, the magnetic anomalies possibly blocked Titanic's messages
00:26:04to other ships.
00:26:06For example, the steamer SS La Providence didn't receive any signals from the sinking
00:26:11ship at all.
00:26:12Yet they were still getting transmissions from another giant, the Olympic, which was 500
00:26:18miles from the Titanic.
00:26:20That night, the signals were acting strange.
00:26:22They simply got lost somewhere in space, or they were like a jumbled riddle, impossible
00:26:28to solve.
00:26:29The SS Mount Temple did get a message and rushed to Titanic's aid.
00:26:34But as fate would have it, the rescue ship got stuck in ice.
00:26:38She did arrive at Titanic's last known coordinates, but the luxury liner was nowhere to be seen.
00:26:44So were the coordinates accurate at all?
00:26:47The steamer Carpathia was about 60 miles away.
00:26:50At 12.30, their radio operator told the Titanic's crew they were rushing to help.
00:26:56The ship famous for coming to the aid, Carpathia, was going full steam ahead.
00:27:01But here's the odd part.
00:27:03At first, they headed to the wrong spot.
00:27:05The magnetic storm could've thrown its equipment off.
00:27:09Good news is the steamer did end up reaching the right place when they saw the lifeboats
00:27:13full of passengers.
00:27:15Interestingly, once she reached land, the Carpathia didn't have any problems with her
00:27:20equipment.
00:27:21The blackout happened just around the wreckage site.
00:27:24The following investigation blamed radio amateurs for blocking signals.
00:27:28We now might know otherwise.
00:27:31Zinkova explains that at that time, they didn't know exactly how and to what extent the Sun
00:27:37influences the Earth.
00:27:38No one could've guessed that the Sun could tamper with these massive ships' navigational
00:27:43equipment.
00:27:44Especially one that had the best of the best at the time.
00:27:48There's another theory that even the Moon could've played a role.
00:27:52Some researchers claim that in January 1912, our natural satellite was closer to the Earth
00:27:57than usual.
00:27:59It caused very strong tides and raised the sea level.
00:28:02Every year, icebergs break away from Greenland and stop around Newfoundland.
00:28:07But not that year.
00:28:08The increased water flow pushed them further for 3 months.
00:28:12And come April, they were right in the way of transatlantic ships.
00:28:16Unfortunately, it was a recipe for disaster when it came to the mighty Titanic.
00:28:23A beam of electric light pierces the darkness over the calm waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:28:30The Titanic is quietly making its way through the waves, its passengers asleep, when suddenly
00:28:36a monstrous white shape is caught in the light beam.
00:28:40The fateful iceberg is about to rend the side of the legendary ship.
00:28:50April 14, 1912.
00:28:53Only two days before someone will take a photo of a giant iceberg with a pretty unusual elliptical
00:28:59shape.
00:29:00It turns out that this iceberg most likely formed out of snow that fell 100,000 years
00:29:06ago.
00:29:07Scientists used computer modeling to figure out its origin.
00:29:11They used data from 1912 and added some new information about winds and ocean currents.
00:29:16They concluded that the iceberg was probably a part of a small cluster of glaciers in southwest
00:29:22Greenland.
00:29:25These days, it's possible to calculate the roots of such icebergs in any given year in
00:29:30the past.
00:29:31So, the infamous chunk of ice was on its way from Greenland to an area further south from
00:29:37Cornwall.
00:29:38If the ship had passed through that region only two days later, the iceberg would have
00:29:43moved far away from the point where they met.
00:29:46At first, the weight of the most well-known iceberg in the world was 75 million tons.
00:29:53With time, it started to slowly melt away, and when it sank the Titanic, its weight was
00:29:58only 1.5 million tons.
00:30:02By the time of the collision, it had probably been melting for months, but it was still
00:30:07a true monster.
00:30:08When the Titanic sank, the iceberg was 400 feet long, and more than 100 feet of its surface
00:30:14was above the water.
00:30:18Some people believe it was a supermoon that caused the Titanic to sink.
00:30:23That night, there was a rare lunar event.
00:30:25It hadn't happened for 1,400 years.
00:30:29In normal conditions, the iceberg wouldn't have traveled so far south without melting
00:30:34and losing the largest part of its mass.
00:30:37But the supermoon could have been the reason for an unusually high tide that pulled the
00:30:42iceberg away from the glacier way faster than usual.
00:30:47There's a specific type of bacteria that slowly consumes the remains of the Titanic.
00:30:52Salt corrosion, ocean currents, freezing temperatures, plus this rust-eating microorganism might
00:30:59consume the entire wreckage.
00:31:03American actress Dorothy Gibson was aboard the Titanic.
00:31:07She survived, and when she arrived in New York, she started filming a movie called Saved
00:31:12from the Titanic almost right away.
00:31:15The movie was released only a month after the Titanic sank, and in the movie, she even
00:31:20wore the same shoes and clothes she had during the actual disaster.
00:31:25The movie was a big success at that time, but the only known copy was destroyed in a
00:31:30fire.
00:31:3214 years before the Titanic sank, a novella called Futility had been published, and it
00:31:38seemed to have predicted the whole event.
00:31:41The plot centered around a fictional ship called the Titan that sank during its voyage.
00:31:46The Titan was almost the same size as Titanic, and they both went to the bottom in April.
00:31:52The reason was hitting an iceberg, too.
00:31:55Both the real and fictional ships were described as unsinkable, and both of them had the legally
00:32:01required number of lifeboats, which, as it turned out later, were nowhere near enough.
00:32:08We've seen it in the movie, but there were some real-life love stories happening on the
00:32:12Titanic, too.
00:32:14Thirteen couples even took a trip on the Titanic as part of their honeymoon.
00:32:18One of the couples owned Macy's Department Store in New York.
00:32:22Once it became clear the Titanic was rapidly sinking, the woman refused to go into a lifeboat
00:32:27without her husband.
00:32:29But he didn't want to join her while there were still women and children who he thought
00:32:33had to go first.
00:32:35Then his wife gave her coat to her maid.
00:32:38She insisted that the maid should get into the lifeboat, and she wanted her to be warm.
00:32:43As for the woman herself, she decided to stay with her husband till the end.
00:32:50Some people believe Titanic sank because of a mummy, not an iceberg.
00:32:55It all started around 1000 BCE with a mysterious woman who lived in Egypt, in the city of thieves.
00:33:03People knew little about her, but they called her a priestess.
00:33:07Her mummy was put in a wooden sarcophagus and covered with a large lid with the image
00:33:12of her face and some mystical inscriptions.
00:33:15This place had been hidden until the first half of the 19th century, when a group of
00:33:19locals accidentally came across it.
00:33:22They disturbed her peace.
00:33:24No one knows how, but the mummy disappeared that day without a trace.
00:33:31A couple of decades later, a group of rich friends from England traveled to Egypt and
00:33:36found the empty mummy casket with the image of the priestess, whose dark eyes seemed to
00:33:41be looking into the void.
00:33:43They decided to buy it, but the buyer disappeared the same night before he even got the case.
00:33:50All members of the group had some accidents.
00:33:53The casket changed its location a couple of times until it, as some believe, ended
00:33:58up on the Titanic.
00:34:02It took more than 70 years for a robot submarine to find the ruins of this legendary ship.
00:34:08The wreck lies nearly 13,000 feet under the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, split into
00:34:13two halves.
00:34:15Why did the liner break apart?
00:34:17No one knows exactly.
00:34:19Some think it happened because of the water that got inside when the ship collided with
00:34:23the iceberg.
00:34:25The pressure was so powerful, it separated two parts of the vessel, starting with the
00:34:30ship's bottom structure.
00:34:31Others say it was because of the hull rivets.
00:34:34They had a high concentration of slag or smelting residue, and that's something that can cause
00:34:40the metal to split apart.
00:34:42The ship generally had many flaws, starting with the design.
00:34:46The watertight bulkheads weren't completely sealed on top.
00:34:49This allowed the water to flow between the compartments and, in the end, sink the vessel.
00:34:55The iron of the ship's rivets and steel of the hull ended up ruined because of high
00:34:59sulfur content, cold temperatures, and high speeds.
00:35:04The steel shattered and the rivets popped out quite easily.
00:35:07Because of this, Titanic sank 24 times faster than it would have otherwise.
00:35:13If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on instead of ramming it with its side, it would have
00:35:17probably stayed afloat.
00:35:20How come the crew members didn't have binoculars?
00:35:23It would have surely helped them spot the iceberg on time and maybe even avoid the disaster.
00:35:29But the binoculars on the Titanic were locked in a storage cabinet.
00:35:33Only one crew member had the key, and he had been transferred off the ship right before
00:35:38it set sail.
00:35:40He later said he hadn't remembered to hand over the key.
00:35:44But even without the binoculars, the ship might have had some time to change course
00:35:48and avoid the collision if the crew had gotten some warning.
00:35:53But that's the thing.
00:35:54Someone did warn them.
00:35:56About an hour before the incident, a ship that was relatively close to Titanic, the
00:36:01SS Californian, sent a message to inform them it had stopped because of dense ice field.
00:36:08But the warning never got to the Titanic's captain.
00:36:11Some experts say it was because the radio operator didn't think it was that urgent.
00:36:16And later, the SS Californian said they didn't get a call for help from the Titanic because
00:36:22their radio operator was off-duty.
00:36:25Some say the crew on the Titanic couldn't spot the iceberg on time because of an optical
00:36:31illusion.
00:36:32Atmospheric conditions that night probably caused super-refraction, which could have
00:36:37camouflaged the berg.
00:36:38After all, no one actually saw the iceberg until it was too close to the ship to somehow
00:36:43avoid the crash.
00:36:46Not even a whole minute passed between the moment they saw the iceberg and the collision.
00:36:51It was only 37 seconds, and it took Titanic 2 hours and 40 minutes to disappear below
00:36:58the ocean's waves.
00:37:06It was the very beginning of the year 1912.
00:37:10A giant chunk of ice broke off a glacier in southwest Greenland.
00:37:14The ice was made up of the snow that had fallen about 100,000 years before the event.
00:37:20That was the time when mammoths were still roaming the planet.
00:37:24The iceberg started its journey.
00:37:26It was a huge thing.
00:37:28More than 1,700 feet long, it weighed around 75 million tons.
00:37:33It was also a very peaceful chunk of ice.
00:37:37It steered clear of ships and busy transport routes, not that there were many in the place
00:37:41where the iceberg was born.
00:37:43And then, it somehow floated much further to the south than other bergs did.
00:37:48Our iceberg was lucky.
00:37:50Others melt long before they get to these latitudes.
00:37:53Out of 15,000 to 30,000 icebergs that drift away from Greenland's glaciers, only 1%
00:38:00ever makes it all the way to the Atlantic.
00:38:03That's why it's so amazing that in April, our iceberg, the Traveler, was already more
00:38:09than 5,000 miles away from the Arctic Circle.
00:38:12Even after melting into the water for months, this block of ice still weighed an impressive
00:38:181.5 million tons.
00:38:20It's almost twice as much as the Golden Gate Bridge.
00:38:23The iceberg's top part was towering over the surface of the ocean for more than 100 feet.
00:38:29And still, if you noticed it floating next to your ocean liner, it would've looked
00:38:34harmless, but only at first glance.
00:38:37Like only a tiny part of a jumbo piece of ice.
00:38:40The largest part of any iceberg is always hidden under the surface.
00:38:45A mere one-tenth is normally visible above the water.
00:38:48And the berg we're talking about wasn't an exception.
00:38:53Several days before our iceberg made it to the Atlantic Ocean, a magnificent ship left
00:38:58port.
00:38:59It was a luxurious steamship carrying more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.
00:39:05At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.
00:39:09The liner was called the Titanic.
00:39:12It was considered unsinkable.
00:39:14At the very beginning of its journey, it nearly collided with the steamship New York.
00:39:19Luckily, the Titanic managed to pass by the other vessel with a couple of feet to spare.
00:39:25The people crowding the liner's decks let out a collective sigh of relief.
00:39:30Little did they know what was awaiting them in the nearest future.
00:39:34Meanwhile, the iceberg was approaching the area the Titanic was going to cross on its
00:39:40way to New York.
00:39:41It happened on April 14th, when the ship was in the North Atlantic Ocean, 370 miles away
00:39:48from Newfoundland.
00:39:49At about 11.40 pm, people who were still awake on board the Titanic toppled down, pushed
00:39:55over by some mysterious and powerful force.
00:39:59Those who had already gone to bed got catapulted to the floor.
00:40:03Both the passengers and crew members were screaming, panicky, and confused.
00:40:09Just minutes before the commotion started, an iceberg had appeared right in front of
00:40:13the ship.
00:40:14It was our wandering iceberg.
00:40:17Why hadn't the crew noticed it earlier?
00:40:20There might've been several reasons, I'll tell you about them a bit later.
00:40:24Anyway, once the liner collided with a huge chunk of ice, it was doomed.
00:40:29Unable to divert its course, the ship ruptured at least 5 of its hull compartments.
00:40:35They started to fill with water with alarming speed.
00:40:38The Titanic's compartments weren't capped at the top.
00:40:41That's why the water spilled over and started to flood each succeeding one.
00:40:46The front of the ship began to sink, causing the back part to lift vertically into the
00:40:50air.
00:40:52And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.
00:40:56The rest is history.
00:40:58But few people know what happened to the iceberg after the ship had hit it.
00:41:03It gets us back to the question of why no one had spotted the floating ice mountain
00:41:07until it was too late.
00:41:09Let's track the events of that fateful day.
00:41:13At around 6 p.m., Captain Smith finally decides to change the Titanic's course.
00:41:18He's been receiving iceberg warnings throughout the entire day.
00:41:23The ship starts to head further to the south.
00:41:25But the speed remains the same.
00:41:28At 9.40 p.m., another ship informs Titanic about a vast ice field packed with icebergs.
00:41:35Unfortunately, this message never reaches the liner's bridge.
00:41:39At about 11 p.m., yet another steamship radios Titanic.
00:41:44They say the ice has surrounded them, making their ship stop.
00:41:48This message also gets ignored.
00:41:50Meanwhile, most of the passengers on the luxury liner have already retired to their rooms.
00:41:56At 11.35, the sailors in Titanic's crow's nest notice the iceberg.
00:42:02They ring the bell three times, which means something's ahead.
00:42:06Then they call the bridge.
00:42:08The engines get reversed, and the doors to the supposedly watertight compartments close.
00:42:14Just 5 minutes later, the huge liner's starboard side collides with the iceberg.
00:42:20The mailroom begins to fill with water.
00:42:22Soon other reports come.
00:42:24They don't sound encouraging.
00:42:26At least 5 other compartments are flooded.
00:42:28It becomes clear Titanic has just a few hours before it sinks.
00:42:33The night was exceptionally calm, with no moonlight, no wind, and no waves.
00:42:39And since the waves weren't breaking against the iceberg, it was difficult to perceive
00:42:44the giant.
00:42:45But there's also a theory that what sank Titanic was a blackbird.
00:42:51If you had to draw an iceberg, I bet it would be a white, towering chunk of ice covered
00:42:56with snow.
00:42:57But those who have visited Antarctica know that icebergs come in millions of hues.
00:43:03They can be multicolored, patterned, or striped like candies.
00:43:07Icebergs can also be black.
00:43:09There are two ways such an unusually colored shard of ice can form.
00:43:14First, the ice might be extremely pure, with no air bubbles or cracks whatsoever.
00:43:20In this case, there's nothing to scatter the light.
00:43:23The iceberg will absorb it all and look black.
00:43:26Or an erupting volcano can cover a glacier with volcanic ash.
00:43:31And the ice that breaks off this glacier will be dark-colored too.
00:43:35Experts don't know the true reason why Titanic's iceberg looks so dark, or whether it was really
00:43:41the case.
00:43:42But one of the sailors who was in the crow's nest testified the ice was black.
00:43:47The other said it was either gray or dark gray.
00:43:51There's nothing exciting or mysterious about the so-called blackbirds.
00:43:56They're icebergs that roll over after their top part is melted, which changes the weight
00:44:01distribution.
00:44:02If their lower part is smooth enough to absorb light, they look dark.
00:44:06Plus, they usually aren't exposed to the air long enough for the white frost to build
00:44:11up.
00:44:13But let's say this theory is wrong, and the iceberg wasn't actually black.
00:44:18And still, the only reason why you see things is because light gets reflected from them.
00:44:24The less light there is, the less likely you are to notice something.
00:44:28The ocean surface will always reflect the Moon and starlight.
00:44:32But an irregularly shaped, almost vertical iceberg will have fewer chances of doing so.
00:44:39That's why it'll look almost black against the glimmering water surface.
00:44:43At night, icebergs can be rather difficult to detect without a radar.
00:44:48In any case, our iceberg wasn't noticed in time.
00:44:51Titanic crashed into it and sank.
00:44:54End of story?
00:44:55Apparently not.
00:44:57On April 15th, the German ocean liner SS Prinz Albert was sailing through the North Atlantic.
00:45:04It was traveling a few miles away from the place where Titanic had sunk several hours
00:45:09before.
00:45:10The German ship's chief steward, who hadn't learned about the disaster yet, saw an iceberg.
00:45:17What drew his attention was a fairly large streak of red paint going along the iceberg's
00:45:22base.
00:45:23Surprised, the man took a photo of his discovery.
00:45:27He thought the paint meant a ship hit the iceberg during the past 12 hours.
00:45:32The next person who saw the infamous chunk of ice and took its photo was the captain
00:45:36of the vessel used to lay deep-sea telecommunications cables.
00:45:41The ship was sent to help in the area where Titanic had sunk.
00:45:44The captain later claimed the iceberg he had seen had been the only one in that area.
00:45:50Plus the red paint.
00:45:51It wasn't difficult to connect the dots.
00:45:55In 2015, one of these photos was sold at auction for more than $32,000.
00:46:01And still, experts are unsure whether the image really shows the infamous block of ice.
00:46:08It might be another innocent iceberg that was floating nearby at that time.
00:46:17The Kraken is a colossal squid, a legendary sea monster, the biggest hunk of calamari
00:46:23you ever saw.
00:46:24And if this monster had existed, the world would have changed beyond recognition.
00:46:30The Kraken has powerful tentacles, solid muscles with suckers at the end, they're just impossible
00:46:36to escape.
00:46:37The Kraken can break a ship in half, or just pull it down into the depths.
00:46:42But the worst thing about the Kraken is its size.
00:46:46According to old sailor stories, the Kraken reached 5,000 feet in length.
00:46:51That's almost 10 soccer fields.
00:46:53Hey, maybe the Kraken could play soccer!
00:46:56The Kraken legend said the monster was so giant that sailors mistook it for a small
00:47:01island.
00:47:02In past centuries, it would've been impossible to defeat such a beast.
00:47:08If the Kraken existed in reality, it might've had offspring.
00:47:11Yeah, in all the world's oceans, there would be giant monsters that could sink any ship.
00:47:17It's unlikely that the Kraken would have competitors in its habitat, so its population
00:47:22would grow strongly.
00:47:24Since the Kraken is enormous, it would need lots of food, so the population of other large
00:47:29sea animals would fall significantly.
00:47:32Blue whales, great white sharks, other giant squids – all the big sea creatures would
00:47:37be endangered.
00:47:39Many people are starving because of the reduction of large fish in the ocean.
00:47:43Urban economies that rely on fishing will be in decline.
00:47:47Prices for small fish around the world are getting more expensive because it's unsafe
00:47:51to fish.
00:47:52To defeat the Kraken, you need powerful weapons, but the monster is tough to catch.
00:47:58The Kraken belongs to the cephalopod genus.
00:48:01This species includes squid and octopus, some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.
00:48:06The Kraken is a skilled hunter and will never fight in the open.
00:48:10So what can you do?
00:48:12You can't track the Kraken because it approaches from the depths, not the surface.
00:48:16Though you may be able to tell that the monster is somewhere nearby if a lot of fish surface.
00:48:22When the Kraken swims, it scares all the fish in the vicinity.
00:48:26It might already be too late.
00:48:28A huge tentacle emerges from the water, resembling a high tower.
00:48:32This tower falls on the deck of the ship, shattering it.
00:48:35The sailors scream and run.
00:48:38The Kraken lands a second blow, and the vessel is almost capsized.
00:48:42Next, the Kraken wraps its giant tentacles around the ship and pulls it to the bottom.
00:48:47Oh boy!
00:48:48What if the sailors managed to detach the ship from the tentacles of this monster?
00:48:53With the help of powerful weapons, the ship's crew strikes back.
00:48:57The Kraken retreats under the water.
00:48:59It's hurt, angry.
00:49:01It seems the battle is over, but here comes the worst.
00:49:05A whirlpool forms beside the ship.
00:49:08Thanks to its considerable weight, when the Kraken dives, it creates a whirlpool behind
00:49:13it.
00:49:14Like a drain in a giant bathtub, this whirlpool sucks the ship down.
00:49:18The battle with the Kraken is lost.
00:49:20Well, that was unfortunate.
00:49:23You might be able to defeat the monster if you can anticipate its attack in advance.
00:49:28But the Kraken can see you and your ship before you can see it.
00:49:32Colossal squids live in deep waters, and they have the largest eyes among all animals.
00:49:37The squid's eye is the size of a dinner plate.
00:49:40Thanks to this, they can see their prey from far away.
00:49:43Similarly, a Kraken would spot the ship much sooner than Sonar could pick up the Kraken.
00:49:49It would always have the drop on you.
00:49:51Well, that's not good.
00:49:53Around the world, cargo transportation by ship is declining.
00:49:57Airlines provide the only safe connection between the continents.
00:50:01This will increase air pollution.
00:50:03The most successful enemy of the Kraken is submarines.
00:50:07They travel at great depths and are equipped with powerful echolocators to help detect
00:50:11the Kraken in advance.
00:50:14Subs are well-armed too, and the round metal body is not so easy to destroy.
00:50:19A single Kraken may be defeated by a submarine.
00:50:22But what if there are several sea monsters?
00:50:25Three Kraken can wrap their tentacles around the submarine and drag it deeper into the
00:50:29water where the pressure will destroy their enemy.
00:50:33In other words, they'll have a crush on you!
00:50:41The existence of the Kraken will have dramatically changed the development of many countries.
00:50:46What if Christopher Columbus, on his famous journey, noticed an island that he thought
00:50:51was the New World?
00:50:53He approaches it, but tentacles emerge from the island and sink Columbus' ship.
00:50:58The colonization of North America is delayed, maybe until airplanes are invented.
00:51:03And the first crewed flight wasn't until the 20th century.
00:51:07There would be no Hollywood, there would be no hamburgers, no famous American music playing.
00:51:12There wouldn't be YouTube, which means you wouldn't be watching this video right now.
00:51:17Worst of all, the Internet wouldn't exist either.
00:51:20And all this because of one stupid monster squid.
00:51:24The Vikings wouldn't sail on their long ships to raid and settle foreign territories.
00:51:29The history of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and other Nordic countries would've changed drastically.
00:51:34Hey, maybe the Titanic wouldn't have hit an iceberg, but a giant sea monster instead!
00:51:39Though, it's unlikely that people would take trips on huge ocean liners in a world
00:51:44where the Kraken exists.
00:51:46Maybe though, the Kraken isn't all that aggressive.
00:51:48Still, they need a lot of food, and because of the growing population of these monsters,
00:51:54there will be much less food in the ocean.
00:51:56Therefore, the Kraken will increasingly come to the surface for hunting.
00:52:00In the future, the Kraken will migrate closer to the shore.
00:52:05In many countries, people then are not allowed to swim in the ocean.
00:52:08Imagine, floating on the waves, and a monster the size of a skyscraper is swimming right
00:52:13below you.
00:52:14Relaxing at sea and on the beach will no longer be popular.
00:52:19Many countries that live off tourism become impoverished.
00:52:22When the Krakens grow hungrier, they try to capture prey from land.
00:52:26A huge squid could attack small port cities.
00:52:29Houses, docks, streets – everything can be crushed.
00:52:33A tremendous amount of plastic is thrown into the ocean near the coasts of large countries.
00:52:38Billions of tons of plastic will bother the Kraken.
00:52:41An angry, hungry monster can attack bridges, like the Golden Gate Bridge.
00:52:46Imagine that a huge squid surrounds the bridge and blocks all traffic.
00:52:50Some of these squids could break the strong cables with their power, and the entire structure
00:52:55would collapse into the water.
00:52:57It's good that the Kraken doesn't really exist to swim in our seas and oceans.
00:53:02At least, as far as we know.
00:53:04But could the monster have actually existed?
00:53:07History can stretch back years, but scientific evidence appeared in the middle of the 19th
00:53:12century.
00:53:13In 1857, a 3-inch diameter squid bee was discovered on the coast of Denmark.
00:53:19Other huge squid remains were found in the Bahamas, and then scientists were convinced
00:53:24that gigantic squids existed.
00:53:27While Colossal Squid has been officially discovered since then, it's been more than a hundred
00:53:31years, and we still don't know what max size they can grow to.
00:53:36The fact is, colossal squids are one of the most elusive creatures on Earth.
00:53:41They live in the depths of the ocean, where it's challenging for scientists to reach.
00:53:45Any dive to a greater depth requires powerful, bulky equipment.
00:53:49Underwater bath escapes and cameras make a lot of noise and light, which squids notice
00:53:54from afar.
00:53:55They flee before we can see them.
00:53:59The legend of the Kraken probably appeared because of a real colossal squid.
00:54:04People in the past didn't know about these creatures' existence, so when they saw one
00:54:08for the first time, they described it as a massive, terrible monster.
00:54:13It's difficult to say if these huge squids were the size of a small island, because the
00:54:18truth is, we've only studied about 5% of the ocean.
00:54:22It may be that in its depths, monsters much more terrible than the Kraken swim.
00:54:28Like my nephew, Peter.
00:54:32You sit up on the bed, put your feet down on the floor, and feel the cold water.
00:54:37You quickly run out of the cabin and find yourself in a long corridor.
00:54:41The water is knee deep.
00:54:42People are putting on life jackets, running toward the stairs.
00:54:46You run after them and find yourself in chaos.
00:54:50Water is everywhere.
00:54:51A woman slips on the stairs and falls.
00:54:53You help her up.
00:54:55People from all sides are pushing you.
00:54:57Everyone is trying to climb the stairs.
00:54:59There's more water behind you.
00:55:01The cabin you've just left is completely flooded.
00:55:04A few more seconds and the water level will rise above your head.
00:55:08Fortunately, everyone manages to get out.
00:55:11The upper deck is breaking.
00:55:13The huge ship is tilted to the side.
00:55:15The sound of breaking wood, the grinding of iron, and the shouts of people mix with the
00:55:20music played on violins by several musicians.
00:55:24You head for the lifeboats and feel like you're climbing a mountain.
00:55:28There are no lifeboats available, but you find a life jacket.
00:55:31The entire bow of the ship has sunk under the water.
00:55:34You're at the very edge of the stern and decide to jump.
00:55:38You wait for the ship to sink deeper into the water so the distance between you and
00:55:42the ocean surface is reduced.
00:55:44You finally jump and find yourself in the icy water.
00:55:48It's 28 degrees Fahrenheit, not enough to freeze the ocean, but sufficient to turn a
00:55:53puddle on the road into ice.
00:55:56You're having a hard time breathing because of the cold.
00:55:59You watch as one of the most majestic, unsinkable ships in history sinks.
00:56:04In one and a half hours, another liner will arrive and rescue all the survivors.
00:56:09But before that, you have to handle this situation somehow.
00:56:13Ninety minutes to survive the night in the icy waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:56:18Among chaos, screams, and despair.
00:56:21Only one thing can be even worse, sharks.
00:56:25Everyone knows the story of the Titanic.
00:56:28What if the survivors noticed shark fins among the wreckage?
00:56:31Theoretically, it could have happened.
00:56:34Scenario 1.
00:56:35The sounds of the crash and the vibrations in the water could attract great white sharks.
00:56:41They swim in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean, where the disaster occurred.
00:56:47They are some of the most dangerous predators on the planet.
00:56:50They're big, fast, strong, and their 300 serrated teeth are sharp as a blade, lined
00:56:56in several rows.
00:56:58And now, you see a few triangular fins sticking out of the water.
00:57:02They quickly circle you and the other people.
00:57:04You grab a floating wooden piece left from the ship to climb on it.
00:57:08The cold temperature shackles your movements, and your hands slip.
00:57:12These sounds attract the sharks.
00:57:15One of the predators stops swimming around and is now heading straight for you.
00:57:20Fear makes your brain shut down, and your instincts start working.
00:57:24You try your best to swim away from the shark as fast as possible.
00:57:27Of course, it's useless to run from a fast shark in the water, but you're still trying.
00:57:33Two seconds pass, and you feel your heel hitting the shark's nose.
00:57:37The other foot goes into its toothy mouth.
00:57:40You scream, feel the sharp teeth on your leg, and shut your eyes, but nothing happens.
00:57:46After a second, the shark lets you go.
00:57:49Great whites rarely attack humans.
00:57:51If they bite, it's just because they want to test you.
00:57:54The thing is, the shark's favorite food is seal.
00:57:57After a light testing bite, the shark understands that you're not a seal.
00:58:02It simply loses interest in you.
00:58:04But if the shark is hungry, then it won't care what kind of animal you are.
00:58:08Those survivors who are safe in the boat have no reason to fear.
00:58:12The great white won't attack them.
00:58:14The predator can push the boat a little, but only to test it.
00:58:17There's a fridge with steaks on board, and someone decides to feed them to the sharks.
00:58:22Then problems will begin.
00:58:24Several predators will push the boat until the steaks fall in the water.
00:58:29The shark is swimming away from you.
00:58:31Then one of the lifeboats picks you up.
00:58:34You're safe.
00:58:35Soon, another liner will arrive, and you'll find yourself in a warm and cozy place.
00:58:41Scenario 2.
00:58:42If the water was warmer, Titanic survivors could encounter bull sharks.
00:58:47You jump into the water from the sinking ship.
00:58:50The water's not so cold.
00:58:51You can easily swim to the nearest floating door.
00:58:54But you notice a tall triangular fin with a dark tip on the top.
00:58:58Unlike the great whites, these sharks aren't fast.
00:59:01They seem lazy and slow, as if they aren't interested in you.
00:59:05But you still need to climb the door as quickly as possible.
00:59:08Bull sharks are some of the most aggressive in the world.
00:59:12They deliberately create the illusion of slowness so their prey relaxes.
00:59:16At the right moment, they become agile and fast.
00:59:19They're called that because of their short, flattened faces, like bulls have.
00:59:24And their bodies are strong.
00:59:26These predators like to ram their prey, or other sharks, with their heads.
00:59:30As soon as you climb the door, the bull shark crashes into it, and you fall into the water.
00:59:35Fortunately, there's a lifeboat nearby.
00:59:38People get you on board.
00:59:40Several sharks slam into the boat from all sides.
00:59:43It gets scary.
00:59:44But with your combined efforts, you keep the boat afloat.
00:59:47Soon, another liner arrives and scares off the predators,
00:59:51using its loud signal and the roar of the engine.
00:59:54That unpleasant scenario is, luckily, impossible.
00:59:58Bull sharks swim only in the warm waters of the ocean.
01:00:01But most often, they can be found in fresh springs, river estuaries, and shallow water.
01:00:07That's why they're so often seen by people near beaches.
01:00:11Always read about the place where you're going to swim before diving in the water.
01:00:15The third and most likely scenario.
01:00:18You jump into the water.
01:00:19It's icy again, and you're having a hard time moving because of the cold.
01:00:23Your life jacket keeps you on the surface perfectly.
01:00:26The lights of the sinking Titanic light up the water a little.
01:00:29And in the black, infinite depth, you notice what looks like a large block of stone.
01:00:34An ancient fish, the most majestic shark in the world, is swimming near you.
01:00:40It's a Greenland shark.
01:00:41They swim even in the Arctic waters,
01:00:44so they're not afraid of the cold temperatures of the North Atlantic.
01:00:47This huge predator is bigger than a car.
01:00:50Each year, its length increases by 0.3 inches.
01:00:54You're lucky to see it, as it's one of the rarest sharks in the world.
01:00:58Fortunately, it has a docile nature and will not attack you.
01:01:03The entire kitchen of the Titanic may be floating in the water and attracting these sharks.
01:01:08They're slow, peaceful and old.
01:01:11The age of the Greenland shark can reach 400 years.
01:01:15This shark is considered adult 150 years after birth.
01:01:19The one you're currently looking at in 1912 may have witnessed the golden age of pirates
01:01:25with sabers, parrots and eye patches.
01:01:28And it's quite possible that the same shark that saw the Titanic disaster is still alive in 2021
01:01:35and slowly wandering the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
01:01:39In all these scenarios, you manage to escape.
01:01:42But if a shark attacks you in the water and there's no boat nearby,
01:01:46then you still have a chance to survive anyway.
01:01:49The main thing is not to panic.
01:01:51Don't splash or make sudden movements so as not to excite the shark.
01:01:55You're wearing a life jacket, so you don't have to move to stay afloat.
01:01:59Do not swim away from the shark.
01:02:01Otherwise, it'll think that you're its prey.
01:02:04The shark will be swimming around you, so don't lose sight of it.
01:02:07You can slowly swim away to a boat or wooden boards, anything that you can climb.
01:02:13If you're near the shore, then slowly swim towards it until you reach shallow water.
01:02:17After that, you need to quickly run away.
01:02:20But be careful.
01:02:22The shark can even get you out there.
01:02:24So keep your eyes on it at all times.
01:02:27If the shark still attacks you, then you will have to fight for your life.
01:02:31Weak points of the shark are its eyes and gills.
01:02:35Aim for them with your fists and feet.
01:02:39When the Titanic began its fateful voyage, it weighed about 52,000 tons.
01:02:45Now, how did they even get it into the water in the first place?
01:02:49Step 1, find tons of soap and natural fat.
01:02:53Step 2, dump it all over the ramp in front of the Titanic like a monster slip and slide.
01:02:59They even put grease all over the outside of the ship to make sure it didn't get scratched,
01:03:04dented, or even rip open.
01:03:06Just like that, the Titanic plopped softly into the water, and the workers and owners
01:03:11breathed a sigh of relief.
01:03:13At least that part went well.
01:03:15When they built the Aswan Dam in Egypt, they needed to clear out a huge area for the new
01:03:20artificial lake.
01:03:22Almost 100,000 people had to move out of their homes.
01:03:25That was the easy part.
01:03:28Engineers now had to try to move two huge ancient Egyptian temples, or they'd be lost
01:03:33underwater forever.
01:03:35The answer?
01:03:36Thousands of engineers and builders.
01:03:38The temples were built into a mountain, so first they had to detach it using bulldozers
01:03:44and jackhammers.
01:03:46Then they had to take it all apart like a humongous Lego project.
01:03:50Statues, roofs, walls, sculptures – pretty sweet Lego set.
01:03:55Then they cut the temples into bite-sized bits, over a thousand of them.
01:04:00Each one weighed the same as three elephants.
01:04:02So where did they put it all back together?
01:04:05On the same mountain, just 200 feet higher.
01:04:09It took 5 years and about $300 million in today's money.
01:04:13I think even the pharaohs would've been impressed.
01:04:17Say you're thirsty, so you grab a glass of water.
01:04:20But where does that water come from?
01:04:23In Saudi Arabia, it comes from salt water.
01:04:26You just need to get the salt out, no biggie.
01:04:29That calls for an evaporator.
01:04:31Saudi Arabia's machine brings fresh water to 300,000 people.
01:04:36Not bad for so much desert.
01:04:38The evaporator weighs 5,000 tons, and it's pretty big, like 10 basketball courts big.
01:04:44They hired a special ship to bring it from Vietnam to Saudi Arabia, but even that was
01:04:49too small.
01:04:51After making the ship a little bigger, and making a successful cross-continent journey,
01:04:56the evaporator finally touched down in the Middle East.
01:04:59Then it was easy, just grab 30 tractor-trailers and pull.
01:05:04Pretty impressive, but the largest thing ever moved on Earth is way bigger.
01:05:09Enter the Norwegian Trolley gas production platform.
01:05:13It weighs more than a Titanic and is way taller than the Empire State Building.
01:05:18But the engineers weren't scared, even though they had to drag the thing 120 miles
01:05:22from shore.
01:05:24They hooked up 10 powerful boats and pulled it along for a week.
01:05:28That thing cost $1 billion to make, so they had to be careful.
01:05:33The boats were actually pulling it in all directions to keep it steady, then slowly
01:05:37making their way out to sea.
01:05:40Once it got there, its four powerful legs were secured with concrete, about as much
01:05:44as you'd use to build 200,000 houses.
01:05:47That part of the sea can be quite rough, so they had to make sure it wouldn't move
01:05:52at all.
01:05:53Natural gas can set on fire, even in the middle of the sea.
01:05:57You gotta move out of town, but you're used to your house, your big kitchen, cozy fireplace,
01:06:02no problem!
01:06:03Take your home with you!
01:06:05About 500 years ago, an Italian architect was constructing the local city's administration
01:06:11building, but the local church bell tower was getting in the way.
01:06:15The solution?
01:06:16Pick up the tower and move it!
01:06:18The architect built a wooden frame around the tower and shifted it using ropes, blocks,
01:06:24and a lot of people power.
01:06:26Since then, a lot of buildings have been moved around, but what happened in China changed
01:06:31everything.
01:06:32In 2004, engineers shifted the Fugang building about 120 feet.
01:06:38It was the heaviest building ever moved, but it only took 11 days.
01:06:43They worked day and night to get it done so fast.
01:06:4610,000 years ago, a meteorite fell on Greenland.
01:06:51It was the only source of iron for the local people, who started breaking pieces off to
01:06:55make knives, harpoons, arrowheads, and even jewelry.
01:06:59Talk about good luck!
01:07:01Over time, the locals split the meteorite, named Cape York, into a bunch of pieces.
01:07:07Arctic explorer Robert Perry wanted to bring the biggest piece back to the US.
01:07:12So how do you move 30 tons of space rock without trucks or paved roads?
01:07:17Plus, it's 1897, and freezing cold!
01:07:22It took 3 years, but he did it!
01:07:24He ended up building a railway with a special platform to pull it to the nearest shore.
01:07:30It was the first and last railway in Greenland.
01:07:33Perry sold the meteorite for $40,000.
01:07:36Today, that would be about a million.
01:07:39In 2012, artist Michael Heiser erected a 340-ton boulder over the entrance to the LA County
01:07:47Museum of Art.
01:07:48It was called Levitating Mass.
01:07:51Installing it was easy, getting it there, not so much.
01:07:55They had to use a 290-foot trailer and 6 different trucks.
01:07:59They only drove at night 100 miles through 22 cities.
01:08:03The most insane part?
01:08:05It ended up costing $10 million.
01:08:09The Swedish ship Vasa, built about 400 years ago, was almost a celebrity.
01:08:15People were amazed by its size, beautiful decoration, and gold sculptures.
01:08:20First time out to sea, it sank.
01:08:22Why?
01:08:23A gust of wind.
01:08:24Oops.
01:08:25Anyway, about 80 years ago, they decided to pull it out.
01:08:29One plan was to fill it with ping-pong balls and freeze it in a block of ice.
01:08:34But instead, they just tied some ropes around it and used 18 lifts to drag it along the
01:08:39seabed to a shallow area.
01:08:42From there, it was pretty easy to lift it out.
01:08:44It was mostly made of wood, not much metal.
01:08:47The ship survived quite well because of the cold seawater, and even floated by itself.
01:08:54The shuttle Endeavour flew 25 missions into space.
01:08:58And in 2012, NASA decided it deserved a break.
01:09:02Its retirement home would be the California Science Center.
01:09:05The massive shuttle was loaded onto trailers and driven through LA at the amazing speed
01:09:11of 2 mph.
01:09:14It was the first and probably last time that a spaceship would drive through a big city.
01:09:19They had to clear a pretty big path, and ended up chopping down a lot of pesky things like
01:09:24lampposts, traffic lights, power lines, even over 400 trees.
01:09:29But don't worry, they raised a lot of money from the whole thing, enough to plant over
01:09:33800 new trees!
01:09:36The Statue of Liberty wasn't built in the USA.
01:09:39It was built in France.
01:09:41After 9 years of hard work and a serious amount of copper and iron, she was ready to be given
01:09:46to the United States as a token of friendship.
01:09:50Sending it by mail would take way too much bubble wrap, so they decided to ship it instead.
01:09:56The statue was cut into 350 pieces, loaded into crates, and shipped over to New York.
01:10:02It took them 4 months to assemble all the pieces back together.
01:10:06Talk about humpty-dumpty!
01:10:08Meet Bagger 288, a self-propelled excavator and the largest land transport on the planet.
01:10:14This beast can shift thousands of cars' worth of dirt a day.
01:10:19It finished work in one quarry and had to move on to another.
01:10:22Tearing it apart, shipping it, and putting it back together would've been ridiculous.
01:10:27So it just drove over there.
01:10:30It took 3 weeks and only moved at half a mile per hour.
01:10:34To stop it from wrecking everything it drove over, engineers walked ahead, planting grass
01:10:39and covering roads with gravel and dirt.
01:10:42Now, you're walking down the street in France, see a couple of cafes, maybe a nice bakery,
01:10:48and the world's largest gas turbine, named Harriet.
01:10:52Harriet's job?
01:10:54Keep the lights on in over 700,000 French homes.
01:10:58This mammoth turbine weighs as much as 2 jumbo jets and had to travel through France, Germany,
01:11:04Belgium, and the Netherlands.
01:11:06Hey, let's go Dutch!
01:11:09The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is made up of more than 2 million huge blocks of stone.
01:11:16No trailers, no tractors, just some good old-fashioned muscle power.
01:11:21Each block weighs more than 2.5 tons, that's like 30 of me.
01:11:25These guys didn't even have strong metals like iron or steel.
01:11:29They mostly used pieces of wood and stone hammers.
01:11:33At 11.40 pm, the Titanic made contact with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean.
01:11:39Many artifacts were found and restored, like parts of the ship, jewelry, and dining plates,
01:11:45to name a few.
01:11:47It took approximately three hours for the ship to be completely submerged in the remote
01:11:51icy water.
01:11:53The night was cold and very much alive.
01:11:56The orchestra was playing music as they enchanted the guests on board.
01:12:01Everyone was excited to arrive in America.
01:12:03It was still considered an amazing feat for a ship to cross the Atlantic back in 1912.
01:12:10But as the day went ahead, there was an atmosphere of impending doom for the captain and his
01:12:15crew.
01:12:16No one else felt it though.
01:12:18It seemed to them, nothing could possibly go wrong, and this would just be another regular
01:12:23night.
01:12:24To them, the Titanic was unsinkable.
01:12:28The last thing on your mind when thinking about the Titanic is the mail crew.
01:12:33Yes, there were mailmen on board delivering mail to America.
01:12:37It may seem like a pretty mundane occupation, but there was a very tough test to pass in
01:12:43order to be accepted on board.
01:12:45And only a few top candidates would qualify, and those few would get shortlisted and accepted.
01:12:51John Starr March, an American, was one of these mailmen earning between $1,000 to $1,500
01:12:58a year working on the Titanic.
01:13:00Back in 1912, this was considered to be a lot of money.
01:13:05They were not officially part of the ship's crew, since the mail crew was placed near
01:13:09the third class quarters.
01:13:11But given their influence and resistance, they were eventually moved and given a private
01:13:15dining area.
01:13:17March got this job since he needed the money to support his family.
01:13:21He found a perfect way to earn some big bucks working on a large ship traveling across the
01:13:27ocean.
01:13:28He was 51 at the time and came from New Jersey.
01:13:31Sadly, he was on board when the ship sank and didn't make it.
01:13:36They recovered a pocket watch that gives us a little insight into what happened that fateful
01:13:42evening.
01:13:43It's a gold case engraved with filigree and had a caption saying it was made by the Elgin
01:13:49National Watch Company.
01:13:51On the surface, you'd think this would just make a pretty cool antique sitting over the
01:13:56fireplace, but there are some unusual details about it.
01:14:00There are obvious signs water seeped beneath the glass, and the black arms of the watch
01:14:05indicate the time to be exactly 127.
01:14:09It leaves us wondering why the clock stopped at this precise hour.
01:14:13What was the owner doing?
01:14:15The mail clerks were operating a fully functioning and efficient mail sorting facility on board
01:14:20the Titanic.
01:14:21This wasn't something you'd come by often on a cruise ship, since typical ocean liners
01:14:26use closed mail bags to transport the mail from one port to another.
01:14:31But the mail sorting facility on the Titanic allowed passengers to send out postcards whenever
01:14:37the ship docked in transit zones in Ireland and France.
01:14:41According to reports, people started heading back to their rooms at around 11 p.m., but
01:14:46some of them were still hanging around and enjoying their night.
01:14:50The five mailmen were celebrating a colleague's birthday in their separate dining room.
01:14:55Five minutes before impact, crew members spotted the iceberg and rang the bell three times
01:15:01as a warning that something was ahead of the ship.
01:15:04They gave orders for the Titanic to move left, or as they say in the biz, hard a starboard,
01:15:10to make the engines reverse.
01:15:12It was not enough to avoid the great impact.
01:15:16At 1140 p.m., the Titanic struck the iceberg, and disaster erupted on the inside.
01:15:23Not just water seeping in and ultimately sinking the ship, but panic and chaos among
01:15:28the passengers and crew members.
01:15:30Captain Smith reached the deck and was informed that the Titanic had hit an iceberg.
01:15:36And at the same time, the mail room began filling with water.
01:15:40We know that the 880-foot ship was completely submerged at around 2.20 a.m. with 706 survivors.
01:15:48The time between the impact and the sinking was really eventful.
01:15:52At midnight, they started getting the lifeboats ready for the passengers to evacuate.
01:15:57Orders were given for women and children to board the safety boats with some crewmen to
01:16:01guide and operate them.
01:16:03The problem was that the 20 safety boats available could only host 1,178 people out of the total
01:16:10of more than 2,200 passengers on board.
01:16:14March and his colleagues began sorting out the mail.
01:16:18There was chaos in directing and ordering around.
01:16:21With each second passing, icy cold water was filling the ship.
01:16:25Fifteen minutes after midnight, Captain Smith ordered his crew members to send out a distress signal.
01:16:32Even though SOS was established earlier than the Titanic, many others used CQD.
01:16:39The CQ stands for General Call, and the D is Distress.
01:16:44The Frankfurt was too far away to help, even though it was one of the first to respond.
01:16:50Even the Titanic's sister ship, the Olympic, responded, but it also was too far away.
01:16:56At 12.20 a.m., the Carpathia received the urgent message and redirected from its original
01:17:02course to help them out, even though they were 58 nautical miles away.
01:17:07Although this was some relieving news, the water kept seeping in at an alarming rate.
01:17:12It wasn't easy to keep everyone calm, knowing that the ship could be underwater in a matter
01:17:17of hours.
01:17:19At this point, many passengers were already on board the safety boats waiting to descend
01:17:24into the water.
01:17:25The musicians on board began playing music for the ones still waiting.
01:17:30At first, they were playing in the first class lounge, and then they moved to the deck.
01:17:35There's a debate on how long they were playing for, and what song it was.
01:17:39None of the musicians made it out.
01:17:42The five mailmen on board were also doing their duties while the ship was sinking.
01:17:47According to a ship officer, the mailroom was already covered in water above the ankles,
01:17:52and the mailmen were busy trying to save as much mail as they could.
01:17:56March was one of them.
01:17:58They were bags of mail floating around.
01:18:01They started with the registered mail.
01:18:03Witnesses of the Titanic's sinking reported the mailmen were putting bags of mail on the
01:18:08deck to keep them from getting wet until help arrived.
01:18:12They also mentioned bags of mail were floating about in the freezing water.
01:18:17It wasn't until 12.45 a.m. when lifeboat number seven on the left side of the ship
01:18:22was lowered onto the water.
01:18:24Even though it had room for roughly 65 people, only 27 people were inside.
01:18:30Many of the safety boats carried fewer passengers than their maximum capacity allowed.
01:18:35The crew were worried that the boats would capsize if so many people were on them.
01:18:40Some reports suggest that some people even refused to board the safety ships, sticking
01:18:45with the claim that the Titanic was unsinkable.
01:18:49At the same time, they fired up one of the eight distress rockets in the air, but it
01:18:54didn't get them any help.
01:18:56At 12.55 a.m., the second and third safety boats were descended to the waters with two
01:19:02male passengers jumping on board.
01:19:04Five minutes later, another safety boat was lowered with around 39 people.
01:19:09At this point, water entered the base of the grand staircase.
01:19:13In the next 20 minutes, more safety boats were lowered, most of them underloaded.
01:19:19Still no help.
01:19:20The Carpathia was still on the way.
01:19:23Panic was growing, and tensions were rising.
01:19:25It was a lot of anger for people being left behind.
01:19:29At around 1.30 a.m., things were getting out of control.
01:19:33The organized boarding of passengers to the safety boats stopped.
01:19:37March's watch stopped three minutes earlier, which could mean he was part of the scuffle
01:19:42between crew members and passengers.
01:19:45It took three hours for the Carpathia to arrive.
01:19:48March wasn't among the survivors.
01:19:51His watch proved to be one of the essential findings lost in the wreckage of the Titanic.
01:19:57It was eventually returned to March's two daughters, and now it's in one of the collections
01:20:02of the National Postal Museum.
01:20:04March was a man who did what he had to do in the worst circumstances.
01:20:09Transportation was a precious commodity for the people on board the ship, and this watch
01:20:13proved valuable to learn more about the tragic yet inspiring stories of the Titanic.
01:20:22It was the start of 1912.
01:20:25A giant chunk of ice broke off a glacier in southwest Greenland.
01:20:30The ice was made up of snow that had fallen thousands of years before the event, perhaps
01:20:35as far back as when mammoths still roamed the Earth.
01:20:39The iceberg started its journey.
01:20:41It was a huge thing, more than 1,700 feet long and weighing over 75 million tons.
01:20:48It was also a very peaceful chunk of ice.
01:20:51It steered clear of ships and busy transport routes.
01:20:55And then it somehow floated much further south than other bergs did.
01:20:59Our iceberg was lucky.
01:21:01Others melt long before they get to these low latitudes.
01:21:04Out of up to 30,000 icebergs that drift away from Greenland's glaciers, only 1% ever make
01:21:10it all the way to the Atlantic.
01:21:13Even after melting into the water for months, this massive block of ice was still almost
01:21:18twice as heavy as the Golden Gate Bridge.
01:21:21The iceberg's top part was towering 10 stories over the ocean's surface.
01:21:26Several days before our iceberg made it to the Atlantic Ocean, a magnificent ship left
01:21:31port.
01:21:32It was a luxury liner, carrying more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.
01:21:37At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.
01:21:41It was the Titanic.
01:21:43The collisions happened on April 14th, when the ship was in the North Atlantic, 370 miles
01:21:49away from Newfoundland.
01:21:50Unable to divert its course, the ship ruptured at least five of its hull compartments.
01:21:56They started to fill with water at an alarming speed.
01:21:59The Titanic's compartments weren't capped at the top.
01:22:03That's why the water spilled over and started to flood each succeeding one.
01:22:07The front of the ship began to sink, causing the back part to lift vertically into the
01:22:12air.
01:22:13And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.
01:22:17The rest is history.
01:22:19But what happened to the iceberg after that?
01:22:23On April 15th, the German ocean liner SS Prinz Aldebert was sailing through the North Atlantic.
01:22:30It was traveling a few miles away from the place where the Titanic had sunk several hours
01:22:34prior.
01:22:35The German ship's chief steward, who hadn't learned about the disaster yet, saw an iceberg.
01:22:41What drew his attention was a large streak of red paint going along the iceberg's base.
01:22:47Surprised, the man took a photo of his discovery.
01:22:50He thought the paint meant a ship had hit the iceberg within the past 12 hours.
01:22:55The next person who saw the iceberg, and took another photo of it, was the captain of a
01:23:00vessel laying deep-sea telecommunication cables.
01:23:03The ship was sent to help in the area where the Titanic had sunk.
01:23:07The captain later claimed the iceberg he'd seen had been the only one in that area, plus
01:23:13the red paint.
01:23:14It wasn't difficult to connect the dots.
01:23:17In 2015, one of these photos sold at auction for over $32,000.
01:23:24And still, experts are unsure whether the image really shows the infamous block of ice.
01:23:30It might be a simple iceberg that had been floating nearby at that time.
01:23:34The great, unsinkable ship was gone, sunken to the bottom of the North Atlantic, where
01:23:39it remains to this day.
01:23:41But the iceberg continued on its way, perplexing a few witnesses, and slowly melting into the
01:23:47surrounding water.
01:23:48It would vanish completely before the end of the year.
01:23:54It was 11.39 at night when the Titanic's lookout shouted,
01:23:58Iceberg!
01:23:59Right ahead!
01:24:00Swift action on the bridge to reduce speed and change the ship's course didn't help.
01:24:06And you already know how the story ends.
01:24:08Since then, we've regarded what happened to Titanic as a once-in-a-lifetime event.
01:24:13Is it, though?
01:24:15The Titanic sank in 1912.
01:24:18Forget about fancy GPSs or weather satellites.
01:24:22At the time, ships were responsible for warning each other about the location of icebergs,
01:24:27like a, hey man, trust me on this, situation.
01:24:30Then the Titanic disaster happened.
01:24:33To call it a disaster is an understatement, so specialists felt the need to form an organization
01:24:38to avoid this kind of accident happening again.
01:24:42That's why, a year later, they created the International Ice Patrol, or IIP for short.
01:24:51Up to this day, this group has been responsible for giving ships advanced warnings about ice
01:24:56threats.
01:24:57IIP improved their methods over the years, from ship reports and aircraft patrols to
01:25:02satellite images.
01:25:03Recently, they've also been using oceanographic buoys, floating devices providing real-time
01:25:09information about ocean conditions up to 164 feet below the surface to predict the
01:25:15potential drift of icebergs.
01:25:17Luckily, IIP is doing an excellent job in reducing ship iceberg collisions.
01:25:23But don't get too comfortable, because even the most advanced detection equipment can't
01:25:28entirely avoid an unfortunate situation.
01:25:31Between 1980 and 2005, there were 57 incidents involving vessels and icebergs.
01:25:38The chilling truth is that today's ships are more likely to run into an iceberg than
01:25:43the Titanic was.
01:25:48Studies have shown that 1,038 icebergs crossed the area where the Titanic sank back in 1912.
01:25:54You might think that's a lot, but scientists say it's not really a big deal.
01:25:59I mean, yeah, it's on the higher side, but there have been 14 years with even more iceberg
01:26:04activity since then.
01:26:06Nowadays, the number of icebergs is going up due to the accelerated melting of Greenland's
01:26:11glaciers.
01:26:12And since more ships are heading into polar waters, the chances of ships bumping into
01:26:17icebergs are higher.
01:26:19But the real danger for captains is invisible enemies, called growlers and burgey bits.
01:26:28Growlers are these small icebergs that can be the size of a regular door.
01:26:32And burgey bits are also considered small, measuring around the size of a school bus.
01:26:37These icebergs might seem harmless, but they're actually tricky since they can be completely
01:26:42invisible to radars or satellites.
01:26:45Let's see what happens when a modern cruise ship as big as the Titanic hits one of these
01:26:50small icebergs.
01:26:52Meet the Norwegian Sun, a luxurious cruise ship like Titanic as it has the capacity to
01:26:57accommodate 2,400 passengers and more than 900 crew members.
01:27:02On July 2022, this cruise ship was on its way to Hubbard Glacier in Alaska when it found
01:27:08itself in the middle of a dense fog.
01:27:11Suddenly, passengers felt an impact and were terrified as the ship experienced a severe
01:27:16jolt.
01:27:17The fog immediately cleared, and they realized what had happened.
01:27:21The Norwegian Sun had collided with an iceberg of the growler type.
01:27:26But the outcome was entirely different from Titanic.
01:27:29Thankfully, there were no injuries, and both the passengers and staff reached the Alaskan
01:27:34docks safely.
01:27:35Expert divers checked the condition of the boat, and they discovered that the ship had
01:27:39suffered some damage after the collision.
01:27:42So the rest of the trip was cancelled.
01:27:45Don't stress about packing for your next trip across the Atlantic because accidents
01:27:51like the one with the Norwegian Sun are really rare.
01:27:54I mean, it's common for ships to encounter ice, but what's unusual is for it to be a
01:27:59problem.
01:28:00Most modern cruise ships wouldn't get physically damaged by an iceberg, and there's a reason
01:28:05for that.
01:28:06You see, the steel used in the Titanic also played a significant role in the disaster.
01:28:12The unsinkable ship, after all, was not so impact-resistant.
01:28:17Back then, the Titanic's hull was constructed using around 2,000 steel plates, which are
01:28:22believed to have been produced in an open hearth furnace.
01:28:26As a result, the steel contained a high concentration of phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur.
01:28:32High levels of these elements make steel brittle at low temperatures, causing it to fail upon
01:28:37impact.
01:28:38While the steel used on the Titanic was of the highest quality available at the time,
01:28:44it wouldn't meet the safety standards of modern ships, and it was approximately ten times
01:28:48less safe than what today's vessels use.
01:28:54But the most significant difference between the design of the Titanic and a modern ship
01:28:59lies in how the hull is put together.
01:29:02You see, the Titanic was built using over 3 million rivets for its hull and upper deck
01:29:07structure.
01:29:08So, when it struck the iceberg, the rivets started a chain reaction, causing the entire
01:29:13section of the hull to collapse simultaneously, causing an uncontrollable flood of water.
01:29:19In contrast, modern ships use a method called submerged arc welding, which fuses the edges
01:29:25of metal pieces together, creating a strong and continuous bond.
01:29:29This is safer because if any part of the ship gets damaged, the tear doesn't spread, making
01:29:35things worse.
01:29:36The damage remains contained within that section.
01:29:39Okay, so small icebergs are becoming more common, and vessels have been adapted to deal
01:29:44with them.
01:29:45But there's still one more scenario to consider.
01:29:48What if a huge cruise ship hit an iceberg the size of a 5-story building?
01:29:55Imagine we've just created the world's largest cruise ship on the planet.
01:29:59Um, let's call it the Bright Seaside.
01:30:03Our floating resort is massive, four times the size of the Statue of Liberty.
01:30:07It's longer than the Titanic by 318 feet and carries about three times more passengers
01:30:13and crew.
01:30:14And, just like the Titanic, our fictional ship can cruise at a top speed of around 23
01:30:20knots.
01:30:21Now picture this scenario.
01:30:23The Bright Seaside is cruising at full speed in freezing waters.
01:30:27It's the middle of the night, and the captain doesn't realize that all the iceberg-detecting
01:30:32equipment on board isn't functioning.
01:30:35It stopped working three days ago.
01:30:37It's very foggy out there, and the lookout also fails to spot a 45-foot-tall iceberg.
01:30:43If that whole situation played out, and the ship smacked into the iceberg head-on, well,
01:30:50it could potentially lead to a sinking.
01:30:52But you can see how unlikely that is, right?
01:30:55That's why experts are quite confident in saying that ice isn't likely to sink modern
01:31:00cruise ships.
01:31:01It's also worth mentioning that safety measures have improved a lot since Titanic.
01:31:06A modern large vessel can take days to sink, which provides enough time to keep everyone
01:31:11safe.
01:31:12Crews are definitely better prepared to handle evacuation procedures, and passengers should
01:31:17also go through safety training before cruising.
01:31:19I know, I know, it is annoying to do that when all you want to do is drink a lemonade
01:31:25or some other beverage by the pool.
01:31:27But you know, all these safety tips are what saved the MS Explorer from becoming a modern
01:31:33Titanic.
01:31:36You see, back in 2007, all 154 people on board this Antarctic cruise ship managed to get
01:31:43into lifeboats after the ship hit an iceberg.
01:31:46Now imagine their panic as they waited for help for 4 hours.
01:31:50The crew did an excellent job in keeping everybody safe, no doubt.
01:31:55But a report that came out 2 years later said that the MS Explorer accident had happened
01:32:00because of the inexperience of the captain, who had pushed the ship too fast into a wall
01:32:05of ice in the freezing waters of Antarctica.
01:32:09That means that no matter how much tech a ship's got, or how fancy its materials are,
01:32:15if you've got a careless captain and a crew that doesn't know how to handle an iceberg
01:32:18hit, yep, a disaster similar to Titanic could happen again.
01:32:23But hey, you shouldn't stress over it.
01:32:26Trust the professionals and keep in mind the odds.
01:32:29In the last 30 years, the MS Explorer was the only cruise ship that sank thanks to an
01:32:34iceberg, and everyone survived.
01:32:37So kick back and enjoy your sea vacation.
01:32:41John watched on in disbelief as he drifted away on a piece of wood in the freezing waters
01:32:47of the Arctic, slowly drifting away.
01:32:50John looked upon the vessel he had worked and lived on as it raised its enormous bow
01:32:55high into the sky and broke in half, causing a sound that only a crack of lightning could
01:33:01replicate.
01:33:02Distraught and dumbstruck, believing that he, and he alone, knew the dark truth behind
01:33:08the demise of the unsinkable ship, the Titanic.
01:33:12Five days earlier, as the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage, John worked hard alongside
01:33:17his mates in the coal bunker, stocking up the coal to feed the Titanic's mighty furnace.
01:33:22They had stocked and stored more than John had ever witnessed on any other ship he'd
01:33:27worked on, but this was the Titanic, the grandest ship to have ever sailed the seas.
01:33:33On the Titanic, there could never be too much coal.
01:33:37As they left Belfast and pushed toward Southampton, there was a large bang below decks that went
01:33:42unnoticed.
01:33:43The furnace was roaring, and the turbines were spinning, pushing the Titanic forward
01:33:48at a quickened pace.
01:33:50The crew cheered as the vessel moved forward, unaware of the loud concerning noise.
01:33:56Arriving in Southampton, Greg came aboard, amongst hundreds of other passengers.
01:34:01With thirteen years at sea, his vast experience included the role as a quartermaster on six
01:34:06previous ships.
01:34:08Ready for a new challenge aboard the greatest vessel ever made, he was looking forward to
01:34:12this next challenge of his career.
01:34:15Greg came with a wealth of experience, especially with sailing through the Arctic.
01:34:19His role was vital within the crew, understanding the seas around the North Pole.
01:34:25He would be a key lookout as they set to cross the perilous path of the Iceberg Alley.
01:34:31Greg had some concerns regarding the voyage.
01:34:34The Earth's orbit was remarkably close to the sun and the moon, causing higher tides.
01:34:39This would make icebergs more prominent, drifting them further away and towards the route of
01:34:44the Titanic as they journeyed to New York.
01:34:48Passing the lookout tower and inspecting the available gear, Greg found no binoculars.
01:34:53This made him concerned, but the sailors just laughed at Greg.
01:34:57If the deck is short on ice cubes, we'll be sure to plow right through a berg to resupply.
01:35:02A sailor laughed.
01:35:04Greg didn't share this sentiment.
01:35:06Eager to find out why they had been left shorthanded on equipment since he had such a vital role
01:35:11on the ship, Greg inquired further.
01:35:14Sadly, the officer with the keys to the binocular supply cupboard had been removed from the
01:35:19crew at the last minute.
01:35:21Greg couldn't believe something of this importance had been overlooked.
01:35:25For such a mighty ship with so many people aboard and crossing in a particularly perilous
01:35:29path, this just didn't make sense.
01:35:33But not wanting to be fined for breaking into the ship's property, Greg let it slide, hoping
01:35:38that they wouldn't need the binoculars in the end.
01:35:41Ultimately, if there were icebergs expected, a warning call would be made to the captain,
01:35:46informing of any concerns.
01:35:48Little did Greg know that a warning had been received, notifying of the dangers that awaited.
01:35:54But the telegram didn't provide the required prefix, which would have ensured direct delivery
01:35:58to the captain, so the critical warning was just overlooked.
01:36:03John and his crew below decks prepared for departure, stoking the engines.
01:36:07He noticed an essence of thick exhaust, far too heavy than what would be expected from
01:36:12the furnaces.
01:36:13The crew searched throughout the lower decks.
01:36:17Following a thorough search, they managed to locate the cause of the exhaust.
01:36:21It was an ignited pile of coal within a coal bunker.
01:36:25Unknown when it had ignited, a buildup of coal had clearly been smoldering, slowly growing
01:36:30in size.
01:36:31The amount of smoldering coal was concerning.
01:36:34The alarm was raised, alerting an officer to review the matter.
01:36:38The officer assessed the damage and confirmed with the captain that it was deemed to be
01:36:41of little concern, as only minor damage had been caused.
01:36:45John was unsure of this assessment, as he knew that in confined spaces, surrounded by
01:36:49iron bulkheads, an oven-like environment arises that intensifies the heat with time.
01:36:56But the Titanic would power forward, making no sense to John as they had only just departed
01:37:00from Southampton.
01:37:02He was sure they would have turned back.
01:37:04John and his crew were ordered to shovel the already lit coal into the furnace, and continue
01:37:09shoveling until all the smoldering contents would be contained.
01:37:13It was a possible, but painstaking task that could take the entire journey.
01:37:17The continuous intake of coal would ensure the turbines would spin at a constant, accelerated
01:37:22pace, not what the Titanic was designed for.
01:37:26It was meant to be a luxurious passenger liner, and not for breaking speed records.
01:37:30However, the crew would find enthusiasm in not only acknowledging the Titanic as unsinkable,
01:37:36but also as the fastest.
01:37:38John and his crew continued to shovel the coal into the furnace for several days.
01:37:42The temperature within the bow was becoming hotter every day.
01:37:46The bulkhead's contained heat was so severe that it became weak at the seams in the iron
01:37:50walls and rivets.
01:37:52Two more days, lads, just two more days!
01:37:55John was laughing, trying to raise the spirits of his mates, as they were working tirelessly.
01:38:00But as they were all laughing, joking, and looking forward to dry land, they unknowingly
01:38:05approached their final destination.
01:38:08The Titanic was speeding through the calm sea.
01:38:11Greg looked ahead, above in the lookout tower, keeping a keen eye out as they were in iceberg
01:38:16territory now.
01:38:18Even though the way seemed clear, false horizons could occur, creating confusion about how
01:38:23far objects in the distance truly were.
01:38:26As they were traveling in the Gulf Stream waters, into the colder Labrador Current,
01:38:31air columns cooled from the bottom upwards, creating a thermal inversion.
01:38:35This incredibly high air pressure ensured fog wasn't present, providing a deceptively
01:38:41clear outlook.
01:38:42But the thermal inversion can also create optical illusions, showing the horizon further
01:38:47away, appearing higher in the distance, or masking whatever objects that could come before
01:38:52it.
01:38:53These false horizons could easily hide any icebergs that could be approaching.
01:38:58Greg knew the perils of a calm sea in the Arctic, preferring the rough waters, where
01:39:03it's easier to detect icebergs within waves.
01:39:06Peering from the lookout, Greg was looking towards the dark abyss ahead.
01:39:11Suddenly, within one mile directly in front, a formidable image quickly emerged from the
01:39:16dark waters surrounding.
01:39:18Iceberg right ahead!
01:39:20Greg yelled to his mate, who quickly called to the helm and directed them to steer hard
01:39:25to starboard.
01:39:26The helmsman received the call.
01:39:29In the heat of the moment, he turned the wheel counterclockwise.
01:39:32He then realized he'd turned the wheel the wrong way, and quickly went in the opposite
01:39:36direction.
01:39:37The ship aimed towards the iceberg, veering to the port side whilst reducing speed.
01:39:43Although there was a delay in turning the wheel, since there was a short distance from
01:39:47the signal and the fast pace that they sailed at, it may not have made a difference.
01:39:52As they approached the iceberg, it appeared as though they'd miss it, but over 87% of
01:39:57an iceberg is underwater.
01:40:00And as they came along the side, the hidden ice underneath hit the port side bow, piercing
01:40:05the side of the hull with a 12-square-foot tear.
01:40:09The ship shook, with all aboard aware that something was amiss.
01:40:13Amongst the confusion and fear, they were oblivious of the damage.
01:40:17As they gathered their bearings, six out of sixteen compartments were quickly filling
01:40:21up with seawater.
01:40:22The hull could only withstand four compartments filling before sinking.
01:40:27Time was ticking as the Titanic made its descent into the depths.
01:40:31The weakened bulkhead with heated steel pillars and rivets broke under the pressure and sudden
01:40:36change of temperature from the ice-cold water.
01:40:39The call was made to abandon the ship.
01:40:42Lifeboats were prepared to be released while help signals were sent out to nearby ships.
01:40:47The radio operator was guiltily sitting, constantly calling out to a nearby ship that had been
01:40:52in contact with the Titanic recently.
01:40:55There was steady communication with this ship over the past few days, providing warnings
01:40:59of icebergs since the Titanic departed from Southampton.
01:41:03The final warning message received was just one hour ago.
01:41:07Upon receiving the final warning, the operator ignorantly responded, shut up, with the assumption
01:41:12that their warnings of icebergs were pointless.
01:41:16Following this unfortunate response, the ship turned their radio off and provided radio
01:41:20silence.
01:41:22The closest ship that was responding to their distress signals was 500 miles away, too far
01:41:27to provide any assistance in time.
01:41:29There were countless mistakes that caused the Titanic's watery end, whether they contributed
01:41:34directly or from sheer ignorance.
01:41:37The most tragic of them was the number of people aboard the ship, 2,224 of them.
01:41:44There were only enough lifeboats provided to rescue 1,178, barely half of the people.
01:41:55It seems like we all cried watching the heartbreaking goodbye of Jack and Rose from the Titanic.
01:42:00Oops, spoiler, sorry.
01:42:03But the real-life stories from the sinking of the famous ship were no less touching.
01:42:08Joseph Laroche was born in 1886 in Haiti to a wealthy family.
01:42:13He was growing up without a dad, but his mother was a self-made woman and a respected merchant.
01:42:18His uncle was the head of his country.
01:42:21Joseph was fluent in French, Creole, and English.
01:42:24At the age of 15, Joseph realized he wanted to become an engineer.
01:42:29There were no engineering schools in Haiti, so he moved to France to get his education.
01:42:34The journey took him a whopping 83 days!
01:42:37Still in his student years, Joseph met Juliet in a suburb of Paris through a mentor.
01:42:42They soon became friends, and then it grew into something bigger.
01:42:46The couple decided to get married.
01:42:48There was only one problem.
01:42:51Joseph couldn't find a well-paid qualified job even after completing his studies because
01:42:55of racial discrimination.
01:42:57The intelligent young man realized he could do better.
01:43:00Plus, he needed to provide for his growing family.
01:43:03His third kid was on the way.
01:43:05His uncle back in Haiti promised he'd help Joseph secure a job as a mathematics professor.
01:43:11His mother was overjoyed that her son and his family would be living in Haiti.
01:43:16She bought them first-class tickets for the French liner La France as a reunion gift.
01:43:22But that liner had really weird rules separating parents from their offspring for meals.
01:43:27The La Roches didn't want to leave their youngsters and make them feel sad on a trip
01:43:31across the ocean.
01:43:33So they decided to trade their first-class tickets for La France for second-class tickets
01:43:38for RMS Titanic's maiden voyage.
01:43:42The Titanic was all the hype, and it didn't separate families, so it looked like a great
01:43:47deal.
01:43:48The family planned to change for another ship in New York that would take them straight
01:43:51to their final destination in Haiti.
01:43:54The family boarded the Titanic on April 10, 1912, at Cherbourg.
01:43:59They had three days to enjoy the luxurious staterooms, a dining salon, a library, and
01:44:05three outdoor promenade decks available to second-class passengers.
01:44:09Juliet sent a letter to her father from Titanic's final stop in Queenstown, Ireland.
01:44:14She told him they were more than happy with the accommodation.
01:44:18They had two bunks in their cabin and a couch that converted into a bed for their youngest
01:44:22family members.
01:44:23The family made friends with some nice co-passengers with whom they had traveled together from
01:44:28Paris.
01:44:29She thought they had been the only other French people on board, so they sat together for
01:44:34meals.
01:44:35Juliet mentioned they had all spent time together on the deck of the liner.
01:44:39She also wrote the people on board were friendly, although some sources say the family had gone
01:44:44through quite a lot of mean stares, gossip, and remarks.
01:44:48On the night of April 14, their exciting journey came to an abrupt end.
01:44:54Even though Titanic's wireless operators had received warnings about drifting ice from
01:44:58nearby ships, the liner continued to plow ahead at full throttle.
01:45:03It was around 11.40 pm when Titanic's hull collided with the iceberg around 370 miles
01:45:10off the coast of Newfoundland.
01:45:12The practically unsinkable ship was severely under-equipped with lifeboats, enough for
01:45:17only about half of its 2,200 passengers.
01:45:21The nearest rescue ship, the Carpathia, was too far away to help.
01:45:25A steward woke up the LaRoche family and took them to the lifeboats, as Juliet remembered
01:45:30later.
01:45:31She couldn't speak any English, so everything that was going on seemed even scarier to her.
01:45:36A little after midnight, the crew received the order to give priority to women and children
01:45:41when boarding the lifeboats.
01:45:44Juliet later remembered a terrible panic had begun, as people had been pushing each other
01:45:48to get to the desired seat.
01:45:50At some point, she felt they had pulled away her older daughter and thrown her into the
01:45:55abyss.
01:45:56A moment later, she had joined her Simone in the same emptiness.
01:46:00So pregnant Juliet and her two daughters got spots in lifeboat 14.
01:46:05But they had to say goodbye to Joseph as the boat was being lowered into the sea.
01:46:10He wrapped his coat around Juliet, saying she'd need it, and promised to get in another
01:46:15lifeboat and see her and the little ones again in New York.
01:46:19The 25-year-old Joseph LaRoche didn't manage to stay true to his word.
01:46:24In a couple of hours, Titanic sank underwater, taking the lives of almost 1,500 people.
01:46:31Joseph was one of them.
01:46:33Juliet and the girls were among the 700 survivors who had been rescued by the Cunard Liner Carpathia
01:46:39several hours later.
01:46:41Once they reached New York, they were looking through the crowds of people, hoping to see
01:46:45Joseph again.
01:46:47When it became obvious they wouldn't find him, it was time for them to decide what to
01:46:51do and where to go.
01:46:54Without any knowledge of English or money that had gone down with the ship, Juliet managed
01:46:58to survive in America only for three weeks, and then had no other choice but to go back
01:47:04to France.
01:47:05Joseph's uncle was no longer able to help them, as others had taken his life four months
01:47:10after the Titanic tragedy.
01:47:13In December 1912, Juliet gave birth to a son who she named Joseph after his father.
01:47:19For the rest of her life, she couldn't get over the loss of her beloved husband.
01:47:23That's why she didn't like to speak about what had happened on Titanic and told her
01:47:28children not to mention it.
01:47:30In 1995, a member of the Titanic Historical Society interviewed Louise, who was the last
01:47:37remaining La Roche child and the last French survivor of the sinking.
01:47:42And that's when the world first heard about this heartbreaking story.
01:47:46It inspired some plays and articles, but it never got the same attention as the story
01:47:51of other passengers.
01:47:53You probably remember the elderly couple going down together in their bed on the Titanic.
01:47:58It was inspired by Isidore and Ida Strauss.
01:48:01They were both born in Germany and emigrated to the United States as kids.
01:48:06They met in New York and got married five years later.
01:48:09Isidore started a china and porcelain business with his brother that grew into the glassware
01:48:14department at Macy's and turned them into multimillionaires.
01:48:18Isidore and Ida were well-known in New York, not only for their wealth and charity, but
01:48:23also for their love and devotion to each other.
01:48:26In 1912, the couple decided to run away from the New York winters and headed for Europe.
01:48:32By that time, they'd already been married for 40 years.
01:48:36In early April, it was time for them to sail back home to New York.
01:48:40They normally traveled on huge German liners, but at that time, they couldn't resist the
01:48:45hype of everyone talking about that new luxury liner, the RMS Titanic.
01:48:50That's how they ended up in one of the first-class private suites at the top of the ship.
01:48:56The Strauss couple spent their evenings dining in front of a live orchestra in a hall filled
01:49:01with fancy furniture and expensive wooden paneling.
01:49:05On the night of April 14, they felt a slight tremor and then left their private suite and
01:49:10waited for instructions from the crew.
01:49:12They told the passengers not to lose their passes, as they'd need them when everyone
01:49:17got back on board.
01:49:18But the ship was going under.
01:49:20The Strauss couple were standing next to lifeboat 8.
01:49:24Mr. Strauss, who was 67 at the time, was offered a seat with his wife because of his age.
01:49:30He refused it, saying he was not too old to sacrifice himself for a woman.
01:49:35He wanted to wait and make sure no women and kids were left behind.
01:49:39Ellen Bird, Ida's maid, hesitated before getting on the lifeboat.
01:49:44But Ida told her to go.
01:49:46She took the easy decision not to leave her husband on the sinking ship.
01:49:50Ida took off her beautiful mink coat and handed it to her shivering maid, saying she wouldn't
01:49:56be needing it anymore.
01:49:58Isidore didn't manage to convince her to save herself, so they stayed together till the end.
01:50:04Some of the surviving first-class passengers later remembered they had seen the couple
01:50:09standing peacefully on the deck, holding hands, just waiting.
01:50:15You remember those heartbreaking scenes from the Titanic, either from books or movies, right?
01:50:20You know, the ones where the boat was sinking, and there's nothing anyone could have done
01:50:25about it.
01:50:26Well, it turns out that that story isn't entirely true.
01:50:31At least, according to a historian and author of a book detailing events from that unlucky ship.
01:50:37If what he claims is true, every soul on the Titanic could have been saved.
01:50:42He wrote that the SS Californian and the SS Mount Temple were close enough to technically
01:50:48see the Titanic go down into the ocean, but they failed to act because they were afraid,
01:50:54or because they too had no idea what they were doing.
01:51:00Nobody thought the Titanic could ever sink back then.
01:51:04And it had everything you could imagine, from luxury lounges to a Turkish bath and even
01:51:09a squash court.
01:51:11But as it was racing through the ocean, ready to break the Atlantic crossing record, it
01:51:16hit an iceberg, and everything went downhill from there.
01:51:20A lot of ships wanted to help the sinking vessel and shifted their direction toward
01:51:24the Titanic after hearing the distress calls, but the two closest ships held back.
01:51:30The SS Mount Temple, for starters, was really close.
01:51:34It was a mere 50 miles away, and could have reached the Titanic in just a couple of hours,
01:51:39potentially saving every passenger.
01:51:42However, its captain believed such a journey would be too risky.
01:51:46I mean, it did involve icebergs, right?
01:51:51There's nothing we can do about it these days, but we can use our imagination, and at least
01:51:57save the day theoretically.
01:51:59Your average Joe might have had a difficult time helping people out on the Titanic, but
01:52:05what if we could ask for the help of superheroes?
01:52:09Well, for starters, it would be useful to have someone with time-traveling skills, right?
01:52:16They could go back in time and alert the crew that an iceberg is pretty close, and they
01:52:21should move the ship away from its path as soon as possible.
01:52:25Or even better, go even further back in time and alert the captain of the ship not to proceed
01:52:30with the journey to begin with.
01:52:33Let me tell you, there were a lot of things that could have been done better with the
01:52:36Titanic.
01:52:39First of all, the crew had no access to binoculars.
01:52:43If they could have had this crucial piece of equipment, they might have spotted the
01:52:46iceberg in due course, at least limiting the damage or avoiding the collision altogether.
01:52:53And don't get me started on the lifeboats.
01:52:55Because they wanted the ship to look as luxurious as possible, there was little space left for
01:53:00those much-needed lifeboats that could have saved so many lives.
01:53:04Although there were 2,200 people on board, the lifeboats could only save 1,200 people.
01:53:12What about flight?
01:53:14Would a flying superhero have been able to help avoid this tragedy?
01:53:18I'd bet it would have.
01:53:20This superhero could have surveyed the area, especially during the night when there's low
01:53:24visibility to begin with.
01:53:26Or so, the hero might have helped with alerting nearby ships faster that something went wrong
01:53:32with the Titanic, and that help is needed to make sure no one gets hurt.
01:53:36If someone on board might have been able to fly, maybe they could have airlifted a bunch
01:53:41of passengers to safety, too.
01:53:45Laser vision?
01:53:46Now that would have been cool.
01:53:48A person with laser vision would have pulverized that iceberg in no time, instead of shivering
01:53:53in the dark that fateful night in April 1912.
01:53:57People would have enjoyed a nice chilled drink on the deck the next morning, courtesy of
01:54:01some harmless leftover ice still hanging around on the ship.
01:54:05Okay, okay, maybe this person with laser vision wouldn't have been powerful enough to split
01:54:11the iceberg in half so that the Titanic could pass safely.
01:54:15Well, they could have at least helped open the locked room containing the binoculars,
01:54:20that's for sure.
01:54:24Someone with superhuman strength?
01:54:25Yeah, that might have surely helped, too.
01:54:28They could have placed themselves between the ship and the iceberg, preventing the collision
01:54:32from happening.
01:54:33If, say, they just happened to be snoozing when the Titanic hit the huge block of ice,
01:54:38no biggie.
01:54:39They would have simply kept the Titanic afloat until nearby ships came around to rescue all
01:54:44the people on board.
01:54:48If you'd have had underwater breathing abilities, you'd have at least been able to save yourself
01:54:53on the Titanic.
01:54:54I mean, technically, there's nothing much you could have done differently on the boat.
01:54:59Maybe you could have saved a bunch of other passengers, but only if you were strong enough
01:55:03to keep them afloat while you comfortably swam completely underwater.
01:55:10If a person on board had been able to control the elements, that would have been amazing.
01:55:15Not only would it have saved a lot, if not all, of the passengers, it would have been
01:55:20fascinating to watch.
01:55:22Such a superhero would have been able to keep water away from the Titanic's injuries after
01:55:27it hit the iceberg.
01:55:28If they were agile enough and had seen the iceberg before it hit the ship, they could
01:55:33have transformed the big block of ice into water with just the snap of a finger.
01:55:40If we look at the records from that night, everything happened very fast with the Titanic.
01:55:46Wouldn't it have been nice to have someone on board who could slow down time?
01:55:51For the sake of the story, let's also imagine this person had a finely-tuned intuition.
01:55:56They could have sensed something was wrong by the way the air smelled, or by the reaction
01:56:01of the crew when the iceberg was first spotted.
01:56:04With a simple gesture of their hands, they would have slowed down time, almost to the
01:56:09point of stillness.
01:56:11They could have checked the records from the ship, its unusually fast speed, and could
01:56:15have alerted the captain to decide in time.
01:56:18The Titanic could have been stopped, or it could have been diverted away from the iceberg.
01:56:25A superhero with night vision would have been useful too.
01:56:29At least the superhero would have spotted the iceberg sooner than everyone else.
01:56:34Given that the hero could have seen a lot better in low-light conditions, that hero
01:56:38would have probably better managed the rescue efforts that disastrous night.
01:56:43Invisibility?
01:56:46Could this superpower have saved the Titanic from sinking to the bottom of the Atlantic?
01:56:51I could think of a possible scenario or two.
01:56:54Anyone with the power to become invisible whenever they want to would have probably
01:56:58gone snooping around the ship.
01:57:00I mean, you have to remember, the Titanic had some of the most important members of
01:57:05society on board.
01:57:06It wasn't just any regular boat.
01:57:08It was probably buzzing with the latest gossip.
01:57:11In between all that mundane information, this superhero could have overheard the captain
01:57:17saying they were going faster than they should have, or that there weren't enough lifeboats
01:57:21to save everyone in case there was a major problem.
01:57:25Who knows what this curious superhero might have done with all this information.
01:57:30Some sort of sorcerer would have saved the Titanic if they were on board, I'm sure.
01:57:35There has to be some sort of magic spell in a book out there that's useful for sinking
01:57:40ships, right?
01:57:42Maybe one that could have helped weld the metal back together after it got hit by the
01:57:46iceberg.
01:57:47Or maybe one that could have airlifted the entire vessel to safety after it got hit.
01:57:52How about a spell that would have transformed the Titanic into a submarine, creating a protective
01:57:57layer around it so it could comfortably move under the sea.
01:58:01That surely would have been cool, and would have offered passengers a truly unique experience.
01:58:07The ability to speak to animals, or fish, would have certainly been useful, too.
01:58:13Even if all else failed, so the Titanic would have still struck the iceberg, and it would
01:58:17have still been filled with water and ended up near the seabed, people could have still
01:58:22been saved.
01:58:23That's because you'd have had someone on board who could have instructed dolphins to carry
01:58:27people to safety.
01:58:29I'm sure those intelligent creatures would have been happy to help.
01:58:33On the night of April 14th to 15th, 1912, the most modern and unsinkable ship collided
01:58:40with an iceberg and sunk.
01:58:42And it was incredibly scary.
01:58:44Just imagine a huge cruise ship, several times the size of the Statue of Liberty, crashing
01:58:49into a massive chunk of ice and sinking.
01:58:53It's dark and cold.
01:58:54All you can hear is the rumbling and grinding of breaking metal and wood.
01:58:59All that surrounds you is the icy waters of the endless Atlantic Ocean.
01:59:03There's almost no connection with the outside world.
01:59:06There are no phones or internet.
01:59:08Nobody else on the whole planet knows that the ship is sinking.
01:59:12It's a real nightmare.
01:59:14But the most shocking thing is that the people who were on the Titanic that day didn't panic.
01:59:19They were calm, maybe a little worried, but there was no fear on their faces.
01:59:24To understand why they weren't afraid during one of the biggest disasters of the 20th century,
01:59:30you need to see what was going on through their eyes.
01:59:33So you're a passenger on the infamous ocean liner.
01:59:37Your cabin is located on one of the top decks of the ship.
01:59:40You've just had a great time with your friends at dinner.
01:59:43Now musicians are playing a beautiful melody.
01:59:46Waiters are serving dessert.
01:59:47You go out onto the deck and enjoy the tranquility of the mighty ocean.
01:59:52At this moment, you feel an incredible sense of security and comfort.
01:59:56You're proud that you're one of the first people in the world to travel on the most
02:00:00high-tech ship on the planet.
02:00:03You go to bed in your cabin and wake up because a crew member gently knocks on your door and
02:00:08asks you to go to the deck.
02:00:10There's some kind of issue, but there's no reason to panic.
02:00:13No problem.
02:00:14You'll be happy to go out and take a look at the night sky.
02:00:17The moment when the ship collided with the iceberg felt like nothing more than a slight
02:00:21push, and some passengers didn't even hear it.
02:00:25They realized that something was wrong only when stewards knocked on their doors and asked
02:00:29them to go outside.
02:00:31You're on the deck.
02:00:32There are already a lot of people here.
02:00:35Everyone is more or less calm.
02:00:37Passengers are talking about what might have happened.
02:00:39Listening to the conversations around you, you figure out that the ship is supposedly
02:00:44sinking.
02:00:45The idea seems like nonsense to you, but even if it is true, all passengers will be evacuated
02:00:51in lifeboats anyway.
02:00:53At that time, people didn't know there were half as many rescue boats as needed.
02:00:58Passengers were sure that everyone would be saved.
02:01:02Evacuation begins.
02:01:03Women and children go first.
02:01:05No one panics or tries to get into a boat before it's their turn.
02:01:09All men behave gentlemanly and help crew members to evacuate women.
02:01:13One passenger wants to get into the boat with his wife, but it's not because he's afraid
02:01:17to stay on the Titanic.
02:01:19He's just worried.
02:01:21It seems to him that it's less safe in the boat than on the giant liner.
02:01:25He doesn't want to leave his wife alone, but the crew members explain the situation to
02:01:29him, and the man retreats without any resistance.
02:01:32They begin to launch flares into the air.
02:01:35No one pays any attention to this.
02:01:37Everyone thinks this is a standard procedure for a ship breakdown.
02:01:41If there had been many experienced travelers on board, they would have understood the flares
02:01:45were fired because the ship was in distress.
02:01:48Perhaps then, people would have started panicking.
02:01:51But most of the passengers simply didn't notice it.
02:01:55The boats are lowered one by one.
02:01:57People are watching the evacuation, patiently waiting for their turn.
02:02:01There's no pushing or crowding.
02:02:03Nobody is screaming.
02:02:04The actions of the crew help the passengers to remain calm.
02:02:08They deliberately downplay the severity of the situation to prevent panic.
02:02:12Someone says the boats are launched simply as a precaution.
02:02:15Also, the crew members claim that a rescue ship is heading for the Titanic and is just
02:02:20a few miles away.
02:02:22Some passengers say they see the lights of another ship.
02:02:25The people who are already sitting in the boats want to stay closer to the Titanic,
02:02:29since this way, they'll feel safer.
02:02:32Many passengers simply don't want to believe that something serious is happening.
02:02:37Even when they're told the ship is sinking, they refuse to admit it.
02:02:41How is it possible that the unsinkable ship can sink?
02:02:45This is how the human mind works.
02:02:47In extreme situations, it refuses to believe that something bad is going to happen now.
02:02:53You don't even want to think about it.
02:02:55One of the passengers says that it seems to her that the danger is exaggerated.
02:02:59She claims that all people will return to the Titanic at any moment.
02:03:03Some passengers are afraid, and still, they don't want to leave the ship.
02:03:08Warm cabins and the safest ship in the world are here.
02:03:11The alternative is the ice-cold ocean and small, unstable rescue boats.
02:03:16Someone refuses to leave the ship because they can't find their baggage.
02:03:20Some passengers carry all their belongings with them.
02:03:23They don't want to leave them on the sinking ship.
02:03:26There are many immigrants on board, and some of them don't even understand English.
02:03:30The crew members can't explain to them what's happening.
02:03:33These passengers misunderstand stewards' instructions during the evacuation.
02:03:37They can't figure out the inscriptions on the evacuation signs.
02:03:41Many passengers are sure there's been some kind of breakdown in the engine compartment.
02:03:46The problem will be solved soon, and the Titanic will continue its journey.
02:03:50People only start to realize that the ship is going down when it begins tilting forward,
02:03:54and its rear part starts rising above the water.
02:03:58That's when those around you start panicking.
02:04:01Some jump into the water.
02:04:03Others climb into the lifeboats without waiting in line.
02:04:06But in general, there's no chaos and hysteria.
02:04:09And this is despite the fact that there are about 1,500 people on the ship.
02:04:14Scientists claim that some of them never even left their cabins.
02:04:18Those people refused to leave their stuff behind and didn't believe that something serious
02:04:22had happened.
02:04:23During the evacuation, the orchestra is playing.
02:04:26This helps people to keep their cool.
02:04:28They hear music, and it seems to them that everything will be fine.
02:04:32The music keeps playing on the Titanic almost until the very end.
02:04:37At about 2.05 a.m., the crew lowers the last boat with passengers.
02:04:42Fifteen minutes later, the ship goes underwater.
02:04:46Even after the tragedy, the surviving passengers can't really understand what's happened to them.
02:04:51They remember boarding the boats and moving away from the huge vessel.
02:04:55And they won't forget seeing it go under the water.
02:04:58But even after a while, they still can't realize what a terrible catastrophe they've just experienced.
02:05:04Sometime later, people began to write books about those fateful events.
02:05:07They made documentaries and feature films.
02:05:10The news about the Titanic was in every newspaper.
02:05:14It spread all over the world.
02:05:16In any description of that day, the tragedy looks like a terrible disaster.
02:05:21But those who were there admit they didn't feel all-consuming dread.
02:05:25They just couldn't believe what was happening that day.
02:05:28The tragedy of the Titanic might seem more terrible for people who heard about it than
02:05:33for people who experienced it.
02:05:35Many people around the world refused to go on board large ocean liners after the catastrophe.
02:05:40They were afraid of what could happen to them.
02:05:43At the same time, a lot of passengers who survived on the Titanic continued to travel
02:05:47by other ships.
02:05:49There was a woman who survived three shipwrecks, including the Titanic, and she still continued
02:05:54traveling.
02:05:55And what if people tried to raise the Titanic from the seafloor?
02:05:59This happened many years after the shipwreck.
02:06:02Then the $5 million operation failed.
02:06:05Nylon slings were attached to a large part of the sunken ship.
02:06:09The other ends of the slings were connected to diesel engines.
02:06:12For the entire operation, a mini-submarine was used.
02:06:16A piece of the Titanic, weighing 21 tons, was being pulled up when one of the slings
02:06:21tore.
02:06:22And then, one by one, the other cables began to snap too.
02:06:26The huge piece of the ship fell back to the seafloor.
02:06:30By that time, the participants of the rescue operation had run out of food supplies.
02:06:34And since the nearest shore was quite far away, they decided not to give it another
02:06:39try.
02:06:40That's it for today!
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