Des scientifiques viennent de créer quelque chose appelé un cristal temporel, et cela épate tout le monde ! En gros, c'est cette nouvelle forme de matière funky qui se déplace et se répète dans le temps, pas dans l'espace. Cette création renversante remet en question tout ce que nous pensions savoir sur les lois de la physique. Imaginez un cristal qui ne se contente pas de rester là à avoir l'air joli, mais qui gigote dans le temps comme s'il avait des endroits à rejoindre. C'est comme quelque chose tout droit sorti d'un film de science-fiction, mais c'est réel, et cela secoue totalement la communauté scientifique. Qui sait quel genre de découvertes renversantes ce cristal temporel va permettre de faire ensuite ? Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
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FunTranscript
00:00 Recently, scientists have created the first time crystal.
00:04 It sounds like something straight out of a science fiction, doesn't it?
00:09 As if it were a mysterious component for a time machine.
00:14 But it's not quite true.
00:16 In reality, time crystals look more like a machine with perpetual motion.
00:23 But what are they exactly and how do they work?
00:26 Let's find out.
00:28 First of all, let's talk about crystals in general.
00:32 Take an ordinary crystal and examine it under a microscope.
00:36 You will see that it, like everything around us, is made up of molecules and atoms.
00:42 What makes them special is that their atoms are arranged according to a repetitive pattern.
00:48 For example, let's take a salt crystal.
00:51 If we look at it under a microscope, we will see a repetitive pattern inside.
00:56 And this pattern is the same everywhere, regardless of the size or shape of the piece of salt.
01:01 Throughout the crystal, this pattern will remain unchanged.
01:05 And it will always remain that way, no matter how much time has passed.
01:09 The salt crystal will always have the same repetitive pattern of atoms tomorrow, next week, or even next year.
01:16 Now let's move on to time crystals.
01:18 They are like ordinary crystals, but with a twist.
01:21 You probably know that all the atoms around us are in constant motion.
01:25 Even at very, very low temperatures.
01:28 When everything freezes, nothing can stop them.
01:31 In addition, their movement is random, chaotic and unpredictable.
01:35 They simply move in space.
01:37 However, in time crystals, everything is different.
01:41 Not only are their atoms arranged according to a repetitive pattern, just like in regular crystals,
01:47 but they also move in a loop dance, without end, and always repetitive.
01:52 It's strange now. The atoms in time crystals are like an endless dance party, in a loop.
01:59 All the guests repeat the same movements in the same order over and over again.
02:03 This dance, or repetitive pattern, can be completely different.
02:08 The movements can be basic and simple, or very complex and chaotic.
02:13 But they must be in a loop. Hence the name.
02:16 Regular crystals repeat indefinitely in space.
02:19 And time crystals repeat in space and time.
02:23 Now, just to clarify, these crystals are not what we are used to.
02:29 They don't look like diamonds, or emeralds, or anything like that.
02:35 To be honest, they don't look like much.
02:38 The beautiful name of time crystal describes a new type of very strange matter,
02:42 which changes its quantum state over a period of time.
02:45 Basically, they are just the atoms' dance movements.
02:49 So, unfortunately, you can't just put one on your shelf to make it vibrate.
02:54 It's not a nice piece of quartz, it's more like a...
02:58 curiosity in physics.
03:00 But that doesn't mean that these crystals are not cool.
03:03 In fact, there is something very unusual and interesting about them.
03:07 You see, the movements we talked about even persist at an absolute zero temperature.
03:12 That is to say, even when in normal materials and objects,
03:16 the atoms would freeze, lose energy, and stop moving.
03:21 In time crystals, they continue their endless dance as if nothing had happened.
03:26 Oh, and this is just the beginning.
03:28 Scientists are also stunned,
03:31 because the existence of time crystals violates the second law of thermodynamics.
03:36 This law states that over time, any system becomes random and disordered.
03:41 A hot object will distribute its heat and become cold.
03:44 A vase in equilibrium on the edge of a table will eventually fall, and so on.
03:49 But time crystals are like...
03:52 Hey, we don't care about your thermo-something.
03:55 Not only do they move constantly, according to the same diagram,
03:58 no matter what happens to them,
04:00 but they don't need energy to do it.
04:03 Even if they don't get energy from anywhere,
04:05 they keep dancing and don't become less structured or organized.
04:09 Yes, we have created a magnificent miracle of nature,
04:13 incomprehensible, that violates the laws of physics.
04:17 Isn't it impressive?
04:19 But how is it even possible?
04:21 And why?
04:22 Does this mean that nothing can stop these atoms?
04:25 And most importantly,
04:27 could it be a clue to the secrets of the machine with perpetual motion?
04:31 Well, it's quite complicated.
04:33 Once again, quantum mechanics blows up the scientists' brains.
04:38 But this time, with another mystery.
04:40 A unique and unusual behavior that we are still trying to understand.
04:45 As it is a relatively new field of research,
04:47 we are not yet sure exactly how they work,
04:51 and how we can use them.
04:53 By the way, how did we even discover SEGA?
04:56 And how were they created?
04:58 Time crystals were first predicted in 2012
05:02 by the theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek.
05:05 Although physicists did not accept the theory at the time,
05:08 many thought it was impossible to violate the second law of thermodynamics.
05:12 But the universe doesn't really care about what scientists think,
05:16 and Frank Wilczek won a Nobel Prize for his work.
05:19 However, it took a few more years for scientists
05:22 to actually create and observe the first time crystals.
05:26 This happened in 2016,
05:29 when scientists from the University of Maryland managed to create one,
05:33 using rare-earth metal ions, ytterbium.
05:37 Here's what they did.
05:39 First, they took an ordinary crystal,
05:41 and really, really cooled the atoms inside,
05:45 at a temperature close to zero.
05:48 As already mentioned,
05:49 zero is the temperature at which the atoms stop moving.
05:54 So far, we don't know how to reach this temperature,
05:57 but we can get very, very close to it.
06:01 We can slow down the atoms so much that they almost stop.
06:04 So they took all these atoms and made them move very slowly.
06:08 Then, they started to shock them with lasers.
06:11 This made the atoms switch between different states again and again,
06:15 without absorbing any energy from the laser.
06:18 We could say that the laser gave them a rhythm
06:20 and made them dance by themselves, without the help of anyone.
06:23 The result was the very first time crystal.
06:26 The Maryland scientists' experience was a major step forward,
06:30 and showed that time crystals were a real and observable phenomenon.
06:35 This provoked a certain agitation in the scientific community,
06:38 and was a big step forward in the strange world of quantum mechanics.
06:43 But, unfortunately, there was a problem.
06:46 Such a perpetual movement only exists for the time being in ideal time crystals.
06:51 And since the time crystals of our experiments were not ideal,
06:55 they only lasted a few minutes before melting
06:58 and starting to behave normally again.
07:00 What does this mean?
07:02 This means that, until now, unfortunately,
07:05 we cannot create a machine with perpetual motion.
07:08 If we try to do something like that,
07:11 the time crystals will melt immediately.
07:14 But this did not stop the scientists,
07:16 and in 2021, we finally made another breakthrough.
07:20 Researchers from Google, in collaboration with physicists from Stanford,
07:24 Princeton and other universities,
07:26 used Google's quantum computer
07:28 to create a much larger and much more stable time crystal.
07:32 You see, quantum computers are different from your typical laptop computer.
07:37 They do not use regular bits and do not work with silicon.
07:42 Instead, they work with quantum bits that can exist in several states at the same time.
07:48 This allows time crystals to continue to oscillate in a repetitive pattern,
07:52 even when any other movement has stopped.
07:54 All previous crystals were ephemeral,
07:57 made a few "go" and "come" and "melt" immediately.
08:01 But now, scientists have created a larger and better crystal than ever before.
08:08 So what does that mean for us?
08:10 Well, time crystals could hold the key to unlocking new technologies
08:15 and a deeper understanding of the quantum world.
08:18 To begin with, they will help us better explore the world of quantum mechanics.
08:23 They question our understanding of time and the way matter behaves.
08:28 In classical physics, things are either static,
08:31 or they move according to a predictable and repetitive pattern.
08:35 But time crystals do not care.
08:38 They both appreciate being static and moving at the same time.
08:41 They can also help us create new cool technologies.
08:45 They can bring us closer to the creation of a quantum computer in its entirety.
08:49 Engineers have fought for years to create something that could be used as a memory in quantum computers.
08:55 And now, they could use time crystals for that.
08:59 Their repetitive movement patterns could be able to store information.
09:04 Isn't that great?
09:06 We could also create a lot of other cool things with them.
09:09 For example, we could use their repetitive behavior to create a new type of ultra-precise clock.
09:16 Time crystals are still a relatively new field of research.
09:21 At the moment, we are mainly trying to understand their unique properties and characteristics.
09:27 Scientists are also doing experiments to study their behavior in different conditions,
09:32 for example at different temperatures and in magnetic fields.
09:36 In other words, this field of research is still at its infancy.
09:40 But time crystals are a really amazing discovery
09:44 that shows how strange and wonderful the universe can be.
09:48 They are already very interesting and attract the attention of scientists from all over the world.
09:53 I can't wait to see how many exciting and revolutionary discoveries will come from this field in the future.
09:59 (drumming)