Amanpour & Co. - February 8, 2024
In the new National Geographic series “Arctic Ascent,” Alex Honnold sets his sights higher than ever before, on a 4,000-foot sea cliff in Greenland. This time he’s got ropes, but he also has the climate crisis on his mind as he’s joined by a team of scientists led by glaciologist Heïdi Sevestre. Honnold and Sevestre talked with Hari Sreenivasan about what they discovered.
Transcript
00:04>>> HELLO, EVERYONE, AND WELCOME
00:08TO "AMANPOUR & COMPANY."
00:09HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.
00:11A HISTORIC DAY AT THE SUPREME
00:12COURT.
00:12CAN COLORADO KICK TRUMP OFF THE
00:13BALLOT?
00:14A LOOK AT THE ARGUMENTS WITH
00:16POLITICAL COMMENTATOR JOHN
00:17AVLON.
00:17>>> THEN --
00:19>> WHAT THEY'RE TELLING US IS
00:21THINGS ARE GOING TO GET A LOT
00:23WORSE AND CAUSE GREAT HAVOC.
00:25BUT THERE IS GREAT HOPE.
00:27>> FORMER VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE
00:29JOINS ME WITH A FRANK LOOK AT
00:31THE CLIMATE CRISIS.
00:33AND --
00:33>>> THERE IS NOT REALLY ANYTHING
00:35RADICAL ABOUT IT EXCEPT FOR THE
00:37CASTING.
00:37>> WELCOME TO "KIM'S
00:39CONVENIENCE."
00:39I SPEAK TO THE CREATOR OF THE
00:41AWARD-WINNING DRAMA THAT
00:42INSPIRED THE NETFLIX HIT.
00:44>>> PLUS --
00:44>> LOOK AT THE WALLS OVER THERE.
00:46NOW I'M STARTING TO GET VERY
00:48EXCITED.
00:48>> WORLD FAMOUS CLIMBER ALEX
00:50HONNOLD TALKS TO HARI
00:51SREENIVASAN ABOUT TACKLING THE
00:52UNTOUCHED CORNERS OF THE ARCTIC.
01:00♪♪
01:11>>> "AMANPOUR & COMPANY" IS MADE
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01:18CANDACE KING WEIR
01:21THE FAMILY FOUNDATION OF LEILA
01:22AND MICKEY STRAUS
01:25MARK J. BLECHNER
01:27THE FILOMEN M. D'AGOSTINO
01:28FOUNDATION
01:29SETON J. MELVIN
01:32CHARLES ROSENBLUM
01:34KOO AND PATRICIA YUEN, COMMITTED
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01:38IN OUR COMMUNITIES
01:39BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG
01:42ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY
01:44THESE FUNDERS, AND BY
01:47CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS
01:49STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
01:50THANK YOU.
01:55>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM,
01:56EVERYONE.
01:57I'M CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR IN
01:59LONDON.
01:59NOT SINCE BUSH V GORE IN 2000
02:02HAS THE SUPREME COURT HAD BEFORE
02:04IT SUCH A MONUMENTAL
02:05ELECTION-RELATED CASE.
02:06TODAY THE JUSTICES HEARD
02:08ARGUMENTS ON THIS KEY QUESTION.
02:14CAN COLORADO KICK TRUMP OFF THE
02:16BALLOT FOR HIS ROLE IN THE
02:17JANUARY 6th INSURRECTION, AS THE
02:19STATE SUPREME COURT HAS ALREADY
02:20RULED.
02:20THE ANSWER HAS THE POTENTIAL TO
02:22TOTALLY UPEND THE 2024 ELECTION.
02:26TAKE A LISTEN TO THIS EXCHANGE
02:27BETWEEN TRUMP'S LAWYER JONATHAN
02:30MITCHELL AND JUSTICE KETANJI
02:30BROWN JACKSON.
02:32>> WHAT WE SAID IN OUR OPENING
02:33BRIEF IS PRESIDENT TRUMP DID NOT
02:35ENGAGE IN ANY ACT THAT CAN
02:37PLAUSIBLY BE CHARACTERIZED AS AN
02:38INSURRECTION.
02:39>> WHAT IS YOUR ARGUMENT?
02:41THAT IT'S NOT?
02:42YOUR ABRIEF SAYS IT WASN'T
02:43BECAUSE I THINK YOU SAY IT DID
02:45NOT INVOLVE AN ORGANIZED ATTEMPT
02:49TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT.
02:50>> THAT'S ONE OF MANY REASONS.
02:52FOR AN INSURRECTION, THERE NEEDS
02:54TO BE AN ORGANIZED EFFORT TO
02:56OVERFLOW THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
02:58UNITED STATES THROUGH GIEFT.
02:59>> GOVERNMENT.
03:02>> WE DIDN'T SEE IT'S AN EFFORT
03:04TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT
03:05EITHER, JUSTICE JACKSON.
03:06>> SO HERE TO DISCUSS IS
03:08POLITICAL ANALYST JOHN AVLON.
03:09WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM,
03:11JOHN.
03:11YOU MUST HAVE BEEN WATCHING ALL
03:13THE HEARING.
03:13IT IS NOW ADJOURNED.
03:16IT'S OVER.
03:17THERE'S SOME TALK THAT IT
03:18APPEARED THE JUSTICES WERE
03:19SKEPTICAL OF COLORADO'S CASE.
03:20HOW DID YOU READ IT?
03:24>> LOOK, IT CERTAINLY IN
03:26LISTENING TO THE OVER TWO HOURS
03:27YOU HEARD A PERSISTENT STRAIN OF
03:30SKEPTICISM.
03:32I THINK JUSTICES LOOKING FOR AN
03:34OFFRAMP.
03:34THIS IS OBVIOUSLY AN ISSUE THAT
03:36DOES DESERVE A HEARING IN THE
03:37SUPREME COURT.
03:38AND I THINK WHAT NEEDS TO BE
03:39SEPARATED IS THE POLITICS OF
03:41THE, SOME OF WHICH ARE PARTISAN,
03:45THE PRACTICALITY OF WHAT'S BEING
03:48DONE BY COLORADO, AND THEN THE
03:51INTENT OF THE LANGUAGE THAT'S
03:52WRITTEN IN THE U.S.
03:55CONSTITUTION, 14th AMENDMENT,
03:56SECTION 3.
03:57ALL THOSE THINGS ARE INTENTION,
04:00FRANKLY.
04:00I THINK FROM A PRACTICAL
04:03STANDPOINT, ESPECIALLY THE
04:03QUESTION OF WHETHER ONE STATE
04:05CAN BLOCK A PRESIDENT, A PERSON
04:06FROM APPEARING ON THE BALLOT,
04:08THAT GETS VERY DICEY BECAUSE 50
04:12DIFFERENT STANDARDS, POTENTIALLY
04:1550 DIFFERENT STATES.
04:16THIS NEEDS TO BE FEDERALIZED.
04:17THAT'S WHY IT'S IN THE
04:19CONSTITUTION.
04:19POLITICALLY, WE'LL SEE HOW IT
04:20BREAKS DOWN.
04:22CLEARLY CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS
04:22WOULD LIKE TO HAVE SOME DEGREE
04:24OF BIPARTISANSHIP.
04:25I WOULD SUGGEST STUDYING THIS
04:27INTENSELY PARTLY AS A RESULT OF
04:28MY BOOK ON LINCOLN AND THE POST
04:30CIVIL WAR PERIOD THAT THE
04:32LANGUAGE AND N THE CONSTITUTION
04:33IS CLEAR.
04:34ITS IMPLICATION IS VAGUE, AND WE
04:36ONLY HAVE THAT PRECEDENT.
04:37BUT TO ARGUE THAT THIS WAS NOT
04:40SUPPOSED TO BE PROSPECTIVE, IT
04:42WAS ONLY SUPPOSED TO BE
04:44RETROSPECT ALTERNATIVE THE CIVIL
04:45WAR DOES NOT FIT THE CLEAR
04:48INTENT AND STATEMENTS AROUND THE
04:49RATIFICATION DEBATE ABOUT THIS
04:51AMENDMENT.
04:51>> YOU SAY THAT LET ME JUST
04:53INTERRUPT YOU.
04:54YOU SAY THAT, BUT THERE IS NO
04:56WORD "PRESIDENT" IN SECTION 3.
04:58AND THAT'S WHAT HIS LAWYERS AND
04:59HIS SIDE ARE HANGING ON TO.
05:02>> THAT'S RIGHT.
05:03HOWEVER, IF YOU GO BACK AND LOOK
05:05AT THE RATIFICATION DEBATES
05:08AROUND THIS SPECIFIC AMENDMENT,
05:10ONE SENATOR SAID TO ANOTHER, WHY
05:12IS THE PRESIDENT'S NAME NOT
05:14ENUMERATED?
05:14AND THE OTHER SENATOR REPLIED IN
05:17REALTIME, THE PRESIDENT IS
05:18INCLUDED BECAUSE HE IS AN
05:19OFFICER OF THE UNITED STATES.
05:21SO THAT SEEMS TO BE A
05:23PARTICULARLY THIN READ TO HANG
05:25ON ARGUMENT ON, IF YOU ACTUALLY
05:27TAKE THE TROUBLE OF LOOKING AT
05:28THE DEBATES AND THE
05:29UNDERSTANDING OF ITS TIME, WHICH
05:30IS ALLEGEDLY WHAT ORIGINALISTS
05:33AND TEXTUALISTS WOULD DO.
05:35THAT ARGUMENT DOESN'T HOLD WATER
05:37IT SEEMS TO ME, BASED ON THE
05:39CONVERSATIONS AROUND THE
05:40ORIGINAL RATIFICATION OF THIS
05:41AMENDMENT.
05:41>> IT'S REALLY INTERESTING
05:43BECAUSE HIS SIDE SAID THE
05:44PRESIDENT IS NOT AN OFFICER OF
05:45THE UNITED STATES.
05:46AND YET THAT LANGUAGE IS IN
05:49SECTION 3.
05:49AND HIS OWN LAWYER, TRUMP'S
05:51LAWYER ALSO ARGUED THAT WHAT
05:53HAPPENED WAS NOT AN INSURRECTION
05:55ON JANUARY 6th.
05:55HERE IS A LITTLE BIT OF THE
05:57EXCHANGE.
05:57LET'S JUST LISTEN.
05:59>> PRESIDENT TRUMP DID NOT
06:01ENGAGE IN ANY ACT THAT CAN
06:03PLAUSIBLY BE CHARACTERIZED AS
06:04INSURRECTION.
06:05>> SO WHY WOULD IT NOT BE AN
06:07INSURRECTION?
06:07WHAT IS YOUR ARGUMENT THAT IT'S
06:08NOT?
06:09YOUR APPLY BRIEF SAYS IT WASN'T
06:10BECAUSE I THINK YOU SAY IT DID
06:12NOT INVOLVE AN ORGANIZED ATTEMPT
06:14TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT.
06:15>> THAT'S ONE OF MANY REASONS.
06:17>> SO WE'RE GOING TO DUMP OUT OF
06:18THAT, BECAUSE ACTUALLY, WE DID
06:19PLAY IT A LITTLE EARLIER IN THE
06:22INTRODUCTION.
06:23SO THEY'RE SAYING IT'S NOT AN
06:24INSURRECTION, AND THE PRESIDENT
06:25WASN'T INVOLVED.
06:26THERE ARE OTHERS WHO SAY THAT
06:29LOOK AT THE ENTIRE LANGUAGE
06:31AROUND SECTION 3.
06:32IT DOESN'T JUST SAY, YOU KNOW,
06:33CONDUCTED IT, BUT THERE IS A
06:35WHOLE SECOND PART OF THAT, AIDED
06:37AND ABETTED, DIDN'T STOP, ET
06:38CETERA.
06:40>> THAT'S THE KEY POINT, RIGHT.
06:42YOU MAY ARGUE THAT DONALD TRUMP
06:44DID NOT ENGAGE IN AN
06:46INSURRECTION.
06:46HE DID NOT MARCH ON THE CAPITOL
06:49ON JANUARY 6th WITH THE VIOLENT
06:50MOB OF HIS SUPPORTERS.
06:53BUT THE LANGUAGE, AS YOU POINT
06:54OUT IN THE 14th AMENDMENT
06:56SECTION 3 SAY GIVE AID OR
06:58COMFORT TO INSURRECTION OR
07:00REBELLION.
07:00AID OR COMFORT TO.
07:02NOW THE CRIMINAL STATUTE FIRST
07:04EDITION INCLUDES INCITEMENT OF
07:05AN INSURRECTION, WHICH WAS
07:07ACTUALLY PART OF THE LANGUAGE OF
07:09HIS SECOND IMPEACHMENT, WHICH
07:10PASSED MAJORITIES IN BOTH THE
07:12HOUSE AND THE SENATE, THOUGH HE
07:13WAS NOT CONVICTED IN THE SENATE.
07:15BUT I FIND PARTICULARLY
07:16TROUBLING AND SLIGHTLY ABSURD
07:18THE ARGUMENT THAT THIS DOES NOT
07:21APPLY, OVERTHROWING THE
07:22GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
07:23BY VIOLENCE.
07:24OKAY.
07:24SO A VIOLENT MOB WAS DEPLOYED TO
07:27THE CAPITOL WITH SOME DEGREE OF
07:29COORDINATION AMONG HIS
07:30SUPPORTERS AND VARIOUS GROUPS,
07:32DESIGNED TO NOT JUST OBSTRUCT AN
07:33OFFICIAL PROCEEDING, BUT TO STOP
07:36THE OFFICIAL CERTIFICATION OF
07:36THE BALLOTS AFTER AN ELECTION.
07:39AND OVERTHROW OF THE GOVERNMENT
07:41IS NOT SIMPLY AN ORGANIZED ARMY
07:43MARCHING ON THE WHITE HOUSE.
07:46OVERTHROWING OUR SYSTEM OF
07:48GOVERNMENT INVOLVES STOPPING THE
07:50PROCESSING OF A FAIR AND FREE
07:53ELECTION, ACCORDING TO
07:54CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS.
07:55AND IT'S VERY CLEAR THAT THAT'S
07:57WHAT DONALD TRUMP AND HIS AIDES
08:00ENGAGED IN.
08:00THEY TRIED TO OVERTHROW AN
08:03ELECTION IN OUR DEMOCRACY THAT
08:05CONTRADICTS AND CUTS TO THE CORE
08:08OF OUR CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC.
08:09SO LET'S NOT GET TOO CUTE ABOUT
08:13WHAT THESE WORDS MEAN.
08:14IF YOU TRY TO OVERTHROW OUR
08:16SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, YOU'RE
08:17TRYING TO OVERTHROW THE
08:18GOVERNMENT.
08:19>> AND OBVIOUSLY, THERE WAS A
08:20DEATH.
08:21THERE WERE INJURIES.
08:22AND THE PRESIDENT AND HIS MAGA
08:25STILL DENY THE RESULT OF THAT
08:27ELECTION.
08:28SO THAT IS ALSO A FACT OVER THE
08:30LAST, YOU KNOW, SEVERAL YEARS,
08:31SINCE THAT ELECTION.
08:34BUT LET'S NOT GET TOO CUTE, YOU
08:35SAY.
08:37SO I WANT TO ASK YOU WHY IT
08:39SOUNDS LIKE THERE IS A LOT OF
08:40CUTE GOING ON, A LOT OF
08:43SEMI-MATIC DISCUSSION, A LOT OF
08:44TRYING TO THREAD A NEEDLE AS YOU
08:46SAID, TRYING TO REACH SOME KIND
08:48OF BIPARTISAN DEAL, LOOK FOR AN
08:50OFFRAMP.
08:50I WONDER WHAT YOU MAKE OF
08:52HILLARY CLINTON.
08:52HE WAS FAMOUSLY FACED OFF
08:55AGAINST HIM, AND SHE HAD THINGS
08:57TO SAY ON MSNBC LAST NIGHT.
08:58TAKE A LISTEN.
08:59>> THEY CAN COME UP WITH SOME
09:01OUT FOR TRUMP.
09:02BUT IF THEY WANT TO BE TRUE TO
09:05THEIR SO-CALLED ORIGINALIST
09:07INTERPRETATION, THEN I THINK
09:08THEY HAVE TO FIND THAT SECTION 3
09:11APPLIES TO PEOPLE WHO FOMENT AND
09:14PARTICIPATE IN INSURRECTIONS,
09:16BUT THE REMEDY LIES IN THE
09:18STATES, WHICH WOULD BE KIND OF A
09:21FAIR WAY OF KIND OF PARSING
09:23THIS.
09:23.
09:23>> WHAT DO YOU THINK?
09:26>> I THINK SHE IS ABSOLUTELY
09:28RIGHT ABOUT THE ORIGINALIST AND
09:31TEXTUALIST STATEMENT.
09:31YOU CAN'T TAKE THE CONSTITUTION
09:34A LA CARTE.
09:34THE CONSTITUTION SAYS WHAT IT
09:35SAYS.
09:36THE CONSTITUTION APPLIES TO
09:37EVERYONE, EVERY STATE, EVERY
09:39INDIVIDUAL.
09:39AND THAT'S WHY -- I BEGAN TO
09:41ARGUE OR POINT OUT THE 14th
09:44AMENDMENT, SECTION 3 COULD APPLY
09:46IN SPRING OF 2021 ON AIR AT CNN
09:48IN MY REALITY CHECK SEGMENTS.
09:50YOU CAN'T IGNORE THAT STATES,
09:53EVEN IF IT'S INCONVENIENT
09:55POLITICALLY OR PRACTICALLY TO DO
09:57SO.
09:57NOW WHAT THEY COULD SAY WITH
09:58CREDIBILITY, AND THIS IS PART OF
10:00PERHAPS THE ATTEMPT TO FIND
10:04COMMON GROUND TO DEPOLITICIZE
10:05THE COURT IS WELL, HE HASN'T
10:06BEEN OFFICIALLY CHARGED WITH OR
10:09CONVICTED INSURRECTION.
10:09HE IS CHARGED WITH CONSPIRACY TO
10:11DEFRAUD THE UNITED STATES BY
10:13JACK SMITH, AND THAT'S PART OF
10:15UNDERMINING FAITH AND CONFIDENCE
10:15IN OUR SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, OUR
10:17DEMOCRACY, WHICH IS A SERIOUS
10:18THING.
10:18BUT HE WAS NOT CHARGED WITH
10:21INSURRECTION.
10:22FINE.
10:22MAYBE THAT'S THE ARGUMENT.
10:23THIS IS A CREDIBLE ONE, BECAUSE
10:25ABRAHAM LINCOLN HIMSELF IN 1860
10:28DIDN'T APPEAR ON THE BALLOTS IN
10:30THE DEEP SOUTH.
10:30I THINK YOU HAVE A NATIONAL
10:32ELECTION AND STATES PULLING
10:33PEOPLE FOR VARIOUS REASONS,
10:34THAT'S A TRICKY, SLIPPERY SLOPE.
10:37HOWEVER, THE CONSTITUTION SAYS
10:38WHAT IT SAYS.
10:39AND THE CONSTITUTION SAYS THAT
10:41IF YOU'VE ENGAGED IN OR AIDED OR
10:43ABEDDED AN INSURRECTION OR
10:45REBELLION, THAT'S A
10:46DISQUALIFICATION AS REAL AS AGE
10:47OR COUNTRY OF BIRTH.
10:49AND I'LL SAY THIS SHOULDN'T BE
10:52PARTISAN.
10:52CONSERVATIVE JUDGE MICHAEL
10:54LUTTIG, TWO FEDERALIST SOCIETY
10:56LEGAL SCHOLARS TOOK A DEEP, DEEP
10:58LOOK AT THIS WITHOUT ANY
11:00PRECONCEIVED NOTION AND SAID
11:01THIS IS SELF-EXECUTING.
11:02IT DOES APPLY.
11:03IT SAYS WHAT IT SAYS.
11:04AND THEREFORE, IF YOU'RE GOING
11:05TO BE TRUE TO THE CONSTITUTION,
11:06YOU NEED TO APPLY THIS.
11:07IF YOU TRY TO KICK THE CAN AND
11:09SAY WELL, YOU KNOW, LET'S WAIT
11:12UNTIL COURT CASES OR WHETHER THE
11:14QUESTION OF INSURRECTION IS
11:16ADJUDICATED, IF HE IS REELECTED
11:17PRESIDENT WHILE LOSING THE
11:19POPULAR VOTE, POSSIBLY, THEN IT
11:21WOULD SEEM THAT WE'RE BACK IN
11:25THAT CATEGORY OF LLC LEGAL
11:28OPINIONS WHERE ONCE HE TAKES THE
11:29OATH, HE IS PRESIDENT.
11:30I WOULD JUST SAY THERE IS
11:33SOMETIMES A RELUCTANCE TO HOLD
11:34DONALD TRUMP ACCOUNTABLE BECAUSE
11:35HE KEEPS PRESSING FORWARD,
11:37BECAUSE HE EFFECTIVELY THREATENS
11:39OUR INSTITUTIONS AND SAY IF YOU
11:40HOLD ME ACCOUNTABLE, MY
11:42SUPPORTERS WILL START WRITING
11:45AND PROTESTING, AND IT WILL BE
11:46DESTRUCTIVE AND DESTAIBINGIZING
11:47TO SOCIETY, WHICH IS THE
11:48ARGUMENT THEY WERE USING THROUGH
11:50JANUARY 6th, THE ACTIONS THAT
11:52WERE TAKEN ON JANUARY 6th, AND
11:53THEN ATTEMPTS TO WRIGGLE OUT OF
11:55ACCOUNTABILITY FOR JANUARY 6th.
11:58THAT'S A VERY DANGEROUS GAME TO
12:00START PLAYING.
12:01BY THE LAW, READ THE
12:02CONSTITUTION AS IT'S WRITTEN.
12:02>> WE HAVE VERY LITTLE TIME.
12:04BUT ONE ANALYST IN "THE TIMES"
12:07HAS WRITTEN "WHATEVER COMES OUT
12:08OF THE SUPREME COURT, SHOULDN'T
12:10BOTH MAJOR PARTIES INSIST ON
12:11PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR WHOM
12:12SUCH QUESTIONS ARE NOT EVEN
12:14REMOTELY AN ISSUE?"
12:16>> YES, THEY SHOULD.
12:20IT SHOULD SAY IF YOU'VE BEEN
12:21INDICTED UNDER FELONY OR
12:22CONVICTED OF FELONY, YOU
12:24PROBABLY SHOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
12:26RUN FOR PRESIDENT.
12:28BUT THIS OUTPACES OUR LAW, EVEN
12:30THOUGH IT'S WRITTEN IN THE
12:31CONSTITUTION.
12:31APPLY THE LAWS, APPLY HISTORY,
12:33BE GUIDED BY THE CONSTITUTION TO
12:35DEFEND A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.
12:36>> JOHN AVLON, ALWAYS GOOD TO
12:37HAVE YOU ON THIS PROGRAM.
12:39>>> AND NOW, SOME MAJOR CLIMATE
12:41NEWS TODAY.
12:42THE WORLD HAS BEEN TEMPORARILY
12:44PUSHED OVER THE CRITICAL 1.5
12:47DEGREES CENTIGRADE MARK THANKS
12:49TO 2023 BEING THE HOTTEST YEAR
12:50ON RECORD.
12:52IN 2024, CLIMATE NEWS LOOKS EVER
12:55BLEAKER.
12:56AND TACKLING THE CRISIS IS TOO
12:58OFTEN TO PUSH DOWN THE AGENDA BY
13:00WARS AND POLITICAL FIGHTS.
13:02BUT THERE ARE SOME GREEN SHOOTS
13:06OF HOPE EMERGING, A GREEN
13:08INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, AS BILL
13:09WEIR NOW REPORTS.
13:11>> Reporter: THESE DAYS YOU CAN
13:12FEEL AS IF SOME PART OF THE
13:13PLANET IS ALWAYS BURNING OR
13:15FLOODING OR BOTH IN SUCCESSION.
13:17BUT LESS OBVIOUS IS THE CLEAN
13:20INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CRANKING
13:21UP AROUND THE WORLD, DRIVEN AS
13:24MUCH BY PROFITS AS POLITICS.
13:26>> MY GOODNESS.
13:27>> Reporter: WIND AND SUN ENERGY
13:30IS NOW SO CHEAP, THE DEEP RED
13:33STATE OF TEXAS CREATES MORE
13:34RENEWABLE ENERGY THAN
13:35CALIFORNIA.
13:36AND WITH HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF
13:38INVESTMENT DOLLARS POURING INTO
13:39CLEAN TECH, START-UPS LIKE AN
13:44TORA HOPE REVOLUTIONARY THERMAL
13:45BATTERIES LIKE THIS WILL POWER
13:46ENTIRE FACTORIES AND MOVE ENTIRE
13:49INDUSTRIES TO THE SUN AND WIND
13:50BELTS.
13:51>> 1600 DEGREES CELSIUS.
13:52SO THIS IS HOTTER THAN THE
13:54MELTING POINT OF STEEL, AND IT'S
13:55JUST A COUPLE OF FEET INSIDE
13:57THAT SHELL.
13:57>> I HAVE A HARD TIME EXPLAINING
13:59TO MY KIDS WHAT NUCLEAR FUSION
14:01IS.
14:01BUT THIS JUST A HOT ROCK IN A
14:03BOX.
14:03>> EXACTLY.
14:05>> Reporter: IN SPEED AND SCALE,
14:06CHINA IS LEADING THE TRANSITION
14:08AT A STAGGERING PACE, SPENDING
14:10ALMOST AS MUCH IN CLEAN ENERGY
14:12LAST YEAR AS THE ENTIRE WORLD
14:13INVESTED IN FOSSIL FUELS.
14:17BUT SCIENCE SAYS IT'S NOT ENOUGH
14:18JUST TO ADD CLEAN ENERGY, IT
14:20MUST REPLACE THE DIRTY OLD KIND.
14:23AND SINCE METHANE HAS OVER 80
14:25TIMES THE PLANET COOKING POWER
14:27OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE NEAR
14:30TERM, PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN HALTED
14:30THE EXPANSION OF MASSIVE
14:34LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINALS
14:35IN LOUISIANA, UNTIL THE CLIMATE
14:37COSTS CAN BE BETTER UNDERSTOOD.
14:38SETTING UP STARK REELECTION
14:40REMATCH WITH THE MAN ONE EXPERT
14:43CALLS A CLIMATE ARSONIST.
14:45>> THEIR WINDMILLS ARE CAUSING
14:49WHALES TO DIE IN NUMBERS NEVER
14:50SEEN BEFORE.
14:51NOBODY DOES ANYTHING ABOUT THAT.
14:52>> Reporter: BUT THE LAWS OF
14:53PHYSICS DO NOT PAUSE FOR
14:54ELECTIONS, AND THE STATE OF
14:55MAINE IS AMONG THOSE PLACES
14:57ALREADY REELING WITH THE
14:58CHANGES.
14:59>> SO THIS IS WHAT THAT WAS?
15:00>> YEAH.
15:00>> THAT WHOLE BUILDING.
15:02>> NO, WAY.
15:03THAT'S WHAT'S LEFT OF IT.
15:04>> JUST GENERATIONS AND
15:06GENERATIONS OF STUFF.
15:07THERE IS A LOT OF MEMORY DOWN
15:09THERE.
15:09>> Reporter: TWO FREAKISH
15:10JANUARY STORMS DEVASTATED THE
15:12ICONIC LOBSTER AND FISHING
15:14COMMUNITIES ALREADY SUFFERING
15:15EFFECTS OF WARMER SEAS.
15:17BUT MAINE IS ALSO LEANING INTO
15:19ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION WITH
15:22GUSTO.
15:23ACCORDING TO THE NONPROFIT
15:25REWIRING AMERICA, MAINERS ARE
15:27REPLACING OLD FURNACES WITH MORE
15:29EFFICIENT HEAT PUMPS AT A RATE
15:31THREE TIMES FASTER THAN THE U.S.
15:34AVERAGE.
15:34THEIR CLIMATE ACTION PLAN IS
15:35AMONG THE MOST ROBUST IN THE
15:37NATION.
15:37SO WE'RE KEEPING EYES ON PLACES
15:38LIKE THIS TO SEE HOY PEOPLE ARE
15:40ADJUSTING TO THIS NEW ABNORMAL.
15:42>> BILL WEIR REPORTING THERE.
15:44NOW MY NEXT GUEST IS THE FORMER
15:48VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE, WHO HAD
15:50HIS OWN TANG WELL THE SUPREME
15:52COURT AS IT AWARDED THE 2000
15:54ELECTION TO GEORGE BUSH.
15:56FORMER VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE
15:57WAS ONE OF THE FIRST PUBLIC
15:59FIGURES TO SOUND THE ALARM BELLS
16:02ON CLIMATE CHANGE WITH HIS
16:04OSCAR-WINNING FILM "AN
16:04INCONVIENT TRUTH" OUT NEARLY 20
16:05YEARS AGO.
16:06IN THIS INTERVIEW BEFORE TODAY'S
16:08TRUMP COURT CASE, I ASK GORE HOW
16:11HE ASSESSES THE GRASSROOT
16:12SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS.
16:16>> IT'S TRICKY TO BALANCE THE
16:18DIRE WARNINGS THAT THE
16:19SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN TRYING TO
16:21GET US TO LISTEN TO FOR A LONG
16:23TIME.
16:24AND OF COURSE YOU KNOW THE
16:27SCIENTISTS TURNED OUT TO BE
16:29SPOT-ON CORRECT IN WHAT THEY
16:30WARNED ABOUT YEARS AGO.
16:31SO WE SHOULD PAY MORE ATTENTION
16:33TO THE WARNINGS THEY'RE ISSUING
16:34NOW.
16:35IF WE DO NOT SHARPLY REDUCE THE
16:37BURNING OF FOSSIL FUEL, THE
16:40CLIMATE CRISIS IS REALLY A
16:42FOSSIL FUEL CRISIS.
16:43SO THAT'S 80% OF IT.
16:44AND WE HAVE THIS MANDATE NOW TO
16:46TRANSITION AWAY FROM FOSSIL
16:47FUELS.
16:48IF WE DO NOT DO THAT QUICKLY,
16:50WHAT THE SCIENTISTS ARE TELLING
16:52US IS THAT THINGS ARE GOING TO
16:53GET A LOT WORSE AND CAUSE GREAT
16:56HAVOC.
16:57BUT THERE IS GREAT HOPE.
16:58AND YOU HAVE TO BALANCE THE
17:00WARNINGS WITH THE FACT THAT
17:01THERE IS REALLY GOOD NEWS.
17:03AS BILL SAYS, PEOPLE ARE WORKING
17:05ON IT.
17:05BUT HERE IS SOME GOOD NEWS FROM
17:07THE SCIENTISTS AS WELL.
17:09ONCE WE REACH TRUE NET ZERO AND
17:12STOP ADDING TO THE OVERBURDEN OF
17:15THIS HEAT-TRAPPING POLLUTION
17:17THAT WE'RE SPEWING INTO THE SKY
17:18EVERY DAY, THEN THE TEMPERATURES
17:20WILL STOP GOING UP ALMOST
17:22IMMEDIATELY WITH THE LACK OF AS
17:24LITTLE OF THREE TO FIVE YEARS.
17:26AND IF WE STAY AT TRUE NET ZERO,
17:28THEN HALF OF ALL THE
17:31HUMAN-CAUSED GREEN HAS GAS
17:32POLLUTION WILL COME OUT OF THE
17:33ATMOSPHERE IN AS LITTLE AS 25 TO
17:3530 YEARS.
17:36AND THE LONG SLOW HEALING
17:37PROCESS CAN BEGIN.
17:38THE CHALLENGE, OF COURSE, IS TO
17:41SKOP USING FOSSIL FUELS AS
17:43QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.
17:44BUT THERE AGAIN, THERE IS REALLY
17:45GOOD NEWS WITH THE SOLAR AND
17:47WIND AND BATTERIES AND ELECTRIC
17:49VEHICLES AND GREEN HYDROGEN IS
17:51COMING ON NOW, ONLINE.
17:53AND REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE,
17:55WHICH IS ONE OF THE REAL KEYS
17:58AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY AND
18:00CIRCULAR MANUFACTURING.
18:00THE LIST IS A LONG ONE.
18:02BUT INVESTORS AND BUSINESS
18:05LEADERS, PARTICULARLY IN THE
18:06CONSUMER FACING COMPANIES WHERE
18:07THEIR CUSTOMERS ARE DEMANDING
18:10IT.
18:10AND BY THE WAY, THE EMPLOYEES IN
18:11THESE COMPANIES AND THE FAMILIES
18:13OF THE EXECUTIVES AND SOME OF
18:14THE EXECUTIVES THEMSELVES ARE
18:16SAYING LOOK, WE GOT TO BE A PART
18:18OF THE SOLUTION INSTEAD OF
18:19MAKING THE PROBLEM CONTINUALLY
18:21WORSE.
18:21>> AND YOU'RE ALSO A POLITICIAN.
18:22DO YOU AGREE THAT THIS WILL BE
18:26TOP OF MIND FOR VOTERS,
18:28CERTAINLY YOUNG VOTERS IN THE
18:31UNITED STATES AND AROUND THE
18:31REST OF THE WORLD?
18:33>> WELL, I THINK THERE IS A BIG
18:35GENERATION GAP ON IT, AND YOUNG
18:37VOTERS, AND BY THE WAY, IN THE
18:39U.S., YOUNG VOTERS IN BOTH
18:41POLITICAL PARTIES IN LARGE
18:43MAJORITIES ARE DEMANDING ACTION
18:44ON THIS.
18:44BUT AS YOU KNOW, CHRISTIANE, THE
18:46POLITICS OF CLIMATE HAVE FOR
18:49DECADES BEEN VERY CHALLENGING
18:50BECAUSE IT IS BY NATURE IS
18:54GLOBAL CHALLENGE.
18:55AND WE'RE NOT ALWAYS USED TO
18:56DEALING WITH THAT KIND OF
18:58CRISIS.
18:58IT PLAYS OUT OVER TIME PERIODS
19:01THAT ARE A LITTLE BIT LONGER
19:04THAN ELECTION CYCLES IN THE NEXT
19:09POLLING RESULTS.
19:09AND AS A RESULT, IT HAS BEEN A
19:12CHALLENGE FOR BOTH POLITICAL
19:13PARTIES.
19:14THE REPUBLICAN PARTY USED TO BE
19:15PART OF THE GROUP SEARCHING FOR
19:20SOLUTIONS.
19:20BUT THAT -- WE'VE NOW GOT A
19:23POLARIZED SITUATION IN THE U.S.
19:25WHICH IS TRAGIC AND UNNECESSARY.
19:27BUT I'M HOPING THAT THE YOUNG
19:28PEOPLE YOU REFERRED TO,
19:30PARTICULARLY THE YOUNG
19:31REPUBLICANS ARE BEGINNING TO
19:33HEAL TO POLARIZING DIVIDE.
19:36>> SO I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU,
19:40YOU KNOW, JAMES HANSEN, THE NASA
19:42EXPERT WHO WAS ONE OF THE FIRST
19:44ON CLIMATE WARNINGS HAS WARNED
19:46THAT UNLESS THERE IS SOME
19:47MASSIVELY RADICAL THING TO
19:49HAPPEN VERY SOON, THE MAGIC 1.5
19:52DEGREES NUMBER WILL, YOU KNOW,
19:55WILL BE SURPASSED.
19:56AND THERE SEEMS TO BE A STRUGGLE
19:58OVER THE EXPERTS OVER THAT.
19:59WHERE DO YOU COME DOWN ON THAT?
20:02>> WELL, I HAVE THE DEEPEST
20:04RESPECT FOR JIM HANSEN, AND ALSO
20:06FOR HIS COLLEAGUES TO HAVE A
20:08SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT VIEW.
20:09BUT THEY AGREE ON MOST THINGS.
20:11YOU KNOW, HALF OF THE CALENDAR
20:13DAYS IN 2023 WERE ACTUALLY ABOVE
20:161.5.
20:16AND IN NOVEMBER, THERE WERE TWO
20:19DAYS ABOVE A 2 DEGREE MARGIN
20:23ABOVE THE PREINDUSTRIAL
20:25TEMPERATURE.
20:25SO YES, WE'RE RUNNING OUT OF
20:27TIME TO SOLVE THIS IN TIME.
20:29AND WE'RE RUNNING SOME
20:32UNACCEPTABLY HIGH RISKS WITH
20:35LARGE GLOBAL SYSTEMS THAT ARE
20:37IMPORTANT FOR THE FLOURISHING OF
20:39HUMANITY THAT ARE NOW BEING
20:41DESTABILIZED.
20:42SO THE SOONER THE BETTER.
20:45THE ISSUE YOU'RE REFERRING TO IS
20:47OVER HOW SENSITIVE THE CLIMATE
20:49IS TO MORE AND MORE GREENHOUSE
20:52GAS POLLUTION.
20:54ULTIMATELY, THEY AGREE ON FAR
20:55MORE THAN THEY DISAGREE.
20:56THEY'RE ALL SAYING THE SAME
20:57THING.
20:58WE GOT TO SWITCH AWAY FROM
21:00FOSSIL FUELS AS QUICKLY AS
21:01POSSIBLE AND STOP USING THE SKY
21:03AS AN OPEN SEWER.
21:04THAT'S THE BASIC PROBLEM.
21:06WE'RE PUTTING 162 MILLION TONS
21:07UP THERE EVERY DAY.
21:09AND THE ACCUMULATED AMOUNT, IT
21:12STAYS ON AVERAGE, EACH MOLECULE,
21:14FOR ABOUT 100 YEARS.
21:16AND THE ACCUMULATED AMOUNT
21:17TODAY, CHRISTIANE, IS TRAPPING
21:20AS MUCH EXTRA HEAT AS WOULD BE
21:22RELEASED BY 750,000 HIROSHIMA
21:26CLASS OPPENHEIMER ERA ATOMIC
21:29BOMBS EXPLODING ON THE EARTH
21:31EVERY SINGLE DAY.
21:32THAT'S INSANE FOR US TO ALLOW
21:33THAT TO CONTINUE, PARTICULARLY
21:36WHEN WE HAVE THE ALTERNATIVES
21:36AVAILABLE NOW THAT ARE CHEAPER,
21:39CLEANER, CREATE THREE TIMES AS
21:41MANY JOBS PER DOLLAR INVESTED.
21:43ALL WE HAVE TO DO REALLY IS TO
21:46OVERCOME THE POLITICAL POWER AND
21:49INFLUENCE OF THE FOSSIL FUEL
21:52COMPANIES, WHICH YOU HAVE BEEN
21:54TRYING TO PERSUADE PEOPLE THIS
21:54IS NOT SUCH A BIG DEAL, AND
21:56THEY'RE TRYING TO EXTEND THEIR
21:58BUSINESS PLAN, AND THE PETRO
22:00STATES PUT UP A LOT OF
22:02RESISTANCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL
22:03NEGOTIATIONS.
22:04WE ARE GETTING THERE.
22:06AND WE WILL SOLVE THIS.
22:07PEOPLE SHOULD BE OF GOOD HOPE ON
22:09THIS.
22:09BUT THE QUESTION IS, WILL WE
22:11SOLVE IT IN TIME?
22:12WE HAVE TO SPEED UP THIS
22:19PROCESS.
22:19>> VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE, THANK
22:20YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.
22:21>> THANK YOU, CHRISTIANE.
22:22>>> FROM THE DRAMA OF THIS
22:24CLIMATE CRISIS, WE TURN NEXT TO
22:28THEATER WHERE A CORNER SHOP HAS
22:30LANDED ON STAGE IN LONDON.
22:31IT'S NOT JUST ANY STORE, IT'S
22:33"KIM'S CONVENIENCE," PERFORMING
22:34SELLOUT SHOWS, THE KOREAN
22:36CANADIAN PLAY THAT INSPIRED THE
22:41SITCOM WHO RETURNS WITH PLAY
22:42RIGHT INS CHOI WHO CALLED IT A
22:44LOVE LETTER TO FIRST GENERATION
22:46IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA.
22:46TAKING THE LEAD ROLE OF THE
22:47FATHER FIGURE, MR. KIM.
22:49I SAT DOWN WITH HIM AND CAST
22:50MEMBERS, JENNIFER KIM AND MILES
22:52MITCHELL ON THEIR SET THIS WEEK
22:54TO DISCUSS WHY THIS SLICE OF
22:56LIFE COMEDY RESONATES ACROSS
22:57CULTURES.
23:00INS CHOI, JENNIFER KIM, WELCOME
23:02TO THE PROGRAM.
23:03I START WITH YOU, OBVIOUSLY.
23:05YOU'RE THE CREATOR OF THIS, OF
23:08THIS PERFORMANCE.
23:09WAS THERE SOMETHING ABOUT YOUR
23:10OWN LIFE?
23:10IS THIS YOUR STORY?
23:13>> MY DAD WAS A PASTOR OF A
23:16CHURCH IN TORONTO, A KOREAN
23:21CHURCH.
23:21MY DAD DIDN'T OWN A STORE.
23:23BUT MY UNCLE DID.
23:24AND HIS STORE'S NAME WAS KIM'S
23:27GROCER.
23:28SO THAT'S KIND OF THE
23:29INSPIRATION FOR "KIM'S
23:31CONVENIENCE."
23:32YOU DRAW A NAME, AND IT CAN DRAW
23:36A LINE TO SOMEBODY IN MY LIFE IT
23:38STEMS FROM.
23:39>> YOU DID THE PLAY IN CANADA
23:40FIRST ON THE FRINGE.
23:41AND YOU TWO ARE NOT CANADIAN.
23:44WHAT DID YOU GUYS KNOW ABOUT
23:46THIS STORY, OR EVEN ABOUT THE
23:49KOREAN IMMIGRANT SPECIOUS BEFORE
23:50YOU TOOK ON THESE ROLES?
23:52JANET -- NOT JANET, JENNIFER.
23:54YOU DO A GOOD JOB.
23:56>> I AM KOREAN-AMERICAN.
23:58SO I COME FROM -- I SO WAS BORN
24:00IN KOREA, AND I MOVED TO
24:02CALIFORNIA WITH MY PARENTS.
24:03AND SO THEY'VE BECOME SORT OF
24:06FIRST GENERATION IMMIGRANTS.
24:08AND I SORT OF BECAME A JANET FOR
24:12THEM, BECAUSE -- BECAUSE THEY
24:15HAD LANGUAGE BARRIERS THAT THEY
24:16WERE WORKING THROUGH AS THEY
24:18WERE STARTING THEIR BUSINESS.
24:19EVEN IF THEY WANTED TO MAKE AN
24:21APPOINTMENT FOR HOSPITAL, YOU
24:23KNOW, DOCTORS VISIT, THEN THEY
24:24WOULD HAVE TO GO THROUGH ME.
24:26AND SO I VERY MUCH UNDERSTAND
24:29SORT OF THAT IMMIGRANT CHRISTINE
24:32LIFE, KIND OF FIRSTHAND.
24:34THE STORY IS QUITE PERSONAL TO
24:36ME, ACTUALLY, YEAH.
24:37MY PARENTS ALSO HAD SMALL FAMILY
24:41BUSINESS THAT ME AND MY BROTHER
24:43WERE CHILD LABORERS.
24:47[ LAUGHTER ]
24:48>> THIS IS IN THE UNITED STATES?
24:49>> YES, YES, YES.
24:50>> MILES, WHAT DID YOU KNOW
24:52ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCE?
24:54I MEAN YOU OBVIOUSLY A LONG TIME
24:56IMMIGRANT FAMILY TO THE UK.
24:57>> YEAH.
24:58>> WHERE IS YOUR ORIGIN?
24:59>> YEAH, MY GRANDPARENTS ARE
25:01FROM JAMAICA.
25:01STRANGELY, THOUGH, A LOT OF
25:04PARALLELS WITH IMMIGRANT
25:04EXPERIENCE OF GRANDPARENTS AND
25:06LEGACY AND JUST RAISING YOUR
25:08CHILDREN IN A NEW COUNTRY,
25:11REALLY.
25:11SO WHAT MY -- QUITE SEPARATE,
25:14FIRST, THROUGHOUT THE REHEARSAL,
25:17WE STARTED TO JOIN THE DOTS, AND
25:18I SAW A LOT MORE PARALLELS THAT
25:22WAS GREAT EDUCATION FOR ME.
25:22>> INS, THIS WAS CANADA'S FIRST
25:26ASIA-LED CAST AND STORY ON ITS
25:28NATIONAL CBC BROADCAST.
25:30THIS WAS A BIG DEAL.
25:32IT'S ACTUALLY QUITE RADICAL.
25:34AND I DON'T KNOW, FOR INSTANCE,
25:36YOU JUST TALK -- YOU'RE TALKING
25:37TO ME WITH A PERFECTLY CANADIAN
25:39ACCENT.
25:40BUT MR. AND MRS. KIM SPEAK WITH
25:43ALMOST A PARODIED OR AN OLD
25:46SCHOOL KOREAN ACCENT.
25:46>> THERE IS NOT REALLY ANYTHING
25:49RADICAL ABOUT IT EXCEPT FOR THE
25:49CASTING AND THE STORYTELLING.
25:53>> DESCRIBE IT.
25:54>> YEAH, I GUESS IT WAS THE
25:55FIRST -- I DIDN'T EVEN THINK
25:56ABOUT IT.
25:57BUT I GUESS IT WAS THE FIRST
25:58TIME A KOREAN FAMILY WAS ON
26:00STAGE WITH THEIR PARENTS, AND
26:02THE PARENTS WERE PORTRAYED
26:07REALISTICALLY, LIKE MY PARENTS,
26:09LIKE JEN'S PARENTS, NOT MILES'
26:14PARENTS, BUT MANY ASIAN PARENTS,
26:16MANY KOREAN PARENTS IN TORONTO,
26:18ACROSS CANADA AND THE STATES AND
26:19PROBABLY HERE TOO.
26:20>> DO YOU THINK CANADA WAS MORE
26:23RECEIPTICHIVE TO SOME OF THE
26:29FUNNY BUT EDGY JOKES YOU MAKE.
26:30FOR INSTANCE, IN THE NETFLIX
26:32SERIES, THE VERY FIRST OPENING
26:34EPISODE HAS A JOKE ABOUT A GAY
26:38COUPLE AND THE GAY PRIDE.
26:39>> THERE IS A LOT OF HUMOR.
26:41AND SOME OF THE HUMOR IS KIND OF
26:43WALKS THAT LINE OF -- IN MY
26:49OPINION, IT'S BEING REAL.
26:50IT'S BEING REAL.
26:51I THINK THERE IS A TENDENCY FOR
26:54LIKE MAINSTREAM TO SEE A KOREAN
26:57FAMILY OR AN ASIAN FAMILY AND
27:00WANT TO VIEW THEM WITH ALL
27:04WHOLESOME, GOOD MORALS, THE
27:09MODEL MINORITY, YOU KNOW, BUT
27:12FROM THE INSIDE, WE'RE FULL OF
27:15WARTS AND FAULTS, AND THERE IS A
27:18LOT OF RACISM WITHIN CULTURES
27:21AMONGST ASIANS EVEN.
27:25SO IN THE PLAY, I WANTED TO
27:27BRING OUT -- I WANTED TO TELL A
27:29REAL STORY.
27:30>> MILES, LET ME ASK YOU.
27:32I DON'T KNOW WHETHER THERE WAS A
27:33SHARP INTAKE OF BREATH AT ANY OF
27:35THE PERFORMANCES WHEN ONE OF
27:38YOUR SCENES WHEN YOU'RE PLAYING
27:39A GUY COMING IN, YOU KNOW,
27:41BOMBER JACKET, WANT TO BUY
27:43SOMETHING.
27:43>> JEAN JACKET.
27:45>> JEAN JACKET.
27:47THAT CRUCIAL.
27:47>> OKAY.
27:47TELL ME WHY.
27:48>> BECAUSE MR. KIM HAS A THEORY.
27:52AND IF YOU COME SEE THE PLAY,
27:54THEN YOU'LL FIND OUT.
27:55>> YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO SAY.
27:58>> IT'S NOT A BOMBER JACKET.
27:59>> I AM VERY GLAD YOU CORRECTED
28:04ME.
28:04MILES, STEAL, NO STEAL.
28:05SO BASICALLY, THE GROCERY OWNER,
28:08NICE GUY IS BASICALLY SAYING TO
28:09HIS DAUGHTER JANET, WHO IS
28:11HELPING IN THE STORE, LOOK AT
28:14THAT.
28:14>> YEAH.
28:14>> HERE COMES -- AND HE DOESN'T
28:17SAY BLACK.
28:17SHE SAYS "BECAUSE HE'S BLACK?"
28:20AND STEAL, NO STEAL.
28:22HE IS ASKING HER TO JUDGE
28:24WHETHER YOUR CHARACTER IS GOING
28:25TO STEAL THAT IS EDGY.
28:26DID YOU FEEL THAT?
28:29>> YEAH, I THINK THE WRITING
28:30NAVIGATES A REALLY WARPED AND
28:32EDGY LOGIC IN A REALLY SMART
28:34WAY.
28:34AND I JUST BURST OUT LAUGHING
28:36WHEN I FIRST READ IT.
28:37I'VE HAD LOTS OF FRIENDS AND HAD
28:39A REALLY DIVERSE AUDIENCE HERE
28:41THAT HAVE FOUND THAT SCENE LIKE
28:43A MEMORABLE HIGHLIGHT BECAUSE OF
28:45ITS GENIUS WRITING.
28:46>> SO THAT'S REALLY GOOD.
28:48THAT'S AN ADVANCE.
28:49BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW HOW IT
28:50WOULD GO DOWN IN NEW YORK, FOR
28:51INSTANCE.
28:52>> YEAH.
28:54I KNOW THE HISTORY OF THE PLAY,
28:55HOW IT'S KIND OF TOWARD CANADA
28:58IN PARTICULAR.
28:59THERE IS A STRONG WEST INDIAN
29:01BACKGROUND IN CANADA, AND IT'S
29:03DIVERSE AS WELL.
29:04SO IT'S GONE THROUGH WORKSHOPS.
29:05SO IT'S GONE THROUGH A LOT TO
29:07GET HERE AS WELL.
29:08SO I DID GO OH, MY GOSH, WHAT IS
29:10THIS?
29:10BUT THEN I REALIZED WHEN WE GOT
29:12TO THE END, JUST EXACTLY WHAT IT
29:12WAS.
29:15>> IT HAS A REALLY IDENTIFIABLE
29:19AND ACCESSIBLE STORY OF A
29:22GENERATION GAP.
29:23THAT'S UNIVERSAL, ISN'T IT?
29:25>> ABSOLUTELY.
29:25>> WHEN I FIRST WROTE IT, I KNEW
29:28THAT SECOND GENERATION KOREANS
29:30LIKE MY SISTER AND MY COUSINS
29:33WOULD LOVE IT BECAUSE I'M KIND
29:34OF MAKING FUN OF IT, A LITTLE
29:36BIT.
29:36AND I KNEW THE PARENTS WOULD
29:37LOVE IT.
29:37AND I KNEW THAT ASIANS WOULD
29:39LOVE IT.
29:39BUT THEN IT JUST KEPT -- BLACK
29:43FAMILIES WOULD COME, ASIAN
29:44FAMILIES, SOUTHEAST ASIAN
29:45FAMILIES WOULD.
29:46EVEN WHITE FAMILIES WOULD BE
29:47THAT'S LIKE MY DAD.
29:49THIS IS LIKE A ROMANIAN FAMILY
29:51OR A JEWISH FAMILY, THAT'S JUST
29:53LIKE MY MOM, AND I HAD THAT
29:55EXACT CONVERSATION WITH HER, BUT
29:55IN A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE.
29:58>> AND I WONDER WHETHER ALSO THE
30:02RELIGIOUS ASPECT, YOU EXPLAINED
30:04HOW YOUR DAD WAS A PASTOR.
30:06>> UH-HUH.
30:07>> AND MANY, MANY, MANY
30:09IMMIGRANT FAMILIES, WHETHER
30:10THEY'RE FROM LATIN AMERICA OR
30:12ISLAMIC COUNTRIES, OR WHEREVER
30:14THEY COME FROM, THE PARENTS AND
30:16THE GRANDPARENTS TEND TO BE VERY
30:18RELIGIOUS, AND MAYBE THEY HANG
30:19ON TO THAT IN A NEW LAND.
30:22AND THEIR KIDS MAY NOT BE SO
30:25MUCH.
30:25BUT THIS SERIES IN THIS PLAY IS
30:28VERY MUCH ANCHORED IN THE
30:29CHURCH.
30:30DOES THAT STRIKE YOU?
30:32>> I THINK IT RINGS TRUE,
30:35ESPECIALLY IN KOREAN COMMUNITY
30:36BACK HOME WHERE I COME FROM IN
30:37CALIFORNIA.
30:38THERE IS A VERY STRONG PRESENCE
30:40OF LIKE IMMIGRANTS HAVING FAITH.
30:44AND I SORT OF GREW UP IN THE
30:46CHURCH AS WELL.
30:47AND, YOU KNOW, WHEN I WAS LIVING
30:49IN KOREA AS WELL, LIKE WE HAD
30:53THE SAME SINGING CONTESTS AND
30:55FUNDRAISERS AND CONCERTS DURING
30:58CHRISTMAS WITH LIKE EVERYONE IS
30:59BRINGING OUT THEIR VIOLINS.
31:01ONE IS ON PIANO.
31:03AND IT'S JUST LIKE ALWAYS PART
31:04OF OUR LIFE.
31:06AND I THINK THAT'S WHY WHEN I
31:08READ IT, IT WAS OH, THAT'S TRUE,
31:12THAT'S TRUE.
31:12FOR ME IT WAS VERY IMMEDIATE AND
31:15AUTOMATIC THAT SOMETHING THAT I
31:17COULD CONNECT TO RIGHT AWAY,
31:18BECAUSE THAT WAS SORT OF MY
31:20CHILDHOOD.
31:21I WAS HANGING AROUND, YOU KNOW,
31:22DOING THINGS AROUND CHURCH ALL
31:23THE TIME AS A CHILD.
31:25AND THEN INTO TEENAGER YEARS.
31:27AND THEN I WENT TO COLLEGE, AND
31:28THINGS CHANGE.
31:29BUT, YEAH.
31:31>> I THINK A LOT OF COMMUNITIES,
31:33IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES LIKE
31:35CHURCH OR SYNAGOGUE OR TEMPLE,
31:37IT'S KIND OF THE COMMUNITY
31:40CENTER.
31:40LIKE I KNOW IN TORONTO, AT
31:43LEAST, THE KOREAN CHURCH, OR THE
31:45KOREAN COMMUNITY, THAT WAS WHERE
31:47THE BEST FOOD WAS FOR A LONG
31:48TIME.
31:49THAT'S WAS WHERE YOU LEARNED
31:52KOREAN LANGUAGE, TAEKWANDO.
31:54SO I GO TO CHURCH ON SUNDAY.
31:56AND THEN I'D HAVE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
31:58BUT THEN I'D HAVE KOREAN SCHOOL.
31:59AND THEN THERE WOULD BE --
32:01>> YEP.
32:01>> SOMETHING IN THE AFTERNOON.
32:03AND THEN SOCCER TEAMS.
32:04AND ET CETERA.
32:07SO IT BECAME LIKE -- IT BECAME
32:11THE CENTER OF THE COMMUNITY AND
32:13THE KIND OF VEHICLE THROUGH
32:14WHICH CULTURE AND HERITAGE WAS
32:17PASSED DOWN.
32:18NOW IN TORONTO NOT SO MUCH THE
32:20CHURCH BECAUSE IT'S BEEN --
32:22THERE IS BIG KOREAN TOWNS,
32:27KOREATOWN NORTH AND KOREATOWN
32:28SOUTH AND CULTURE CENTERS THAT
32:29KIND OF TAKE THAT SPOT.
32:31>> YOU PLAY FOUR CASE.
32:34HOW DIFFICULT IS THAT IN RAPID
32:36SUCCESSION?
32:36IT'S AN HOUR AND 15 MINUTES,
32:37THIS PLAY.
32:38>> YEAH.
32:38>> AND YOU'RE JUST CONSTANTLY
32:41ROLLING THROUGH IT IN DIFFERENT
32:42CASE, YEAH, THE QUICK CHANGES
32:44BACKSTAGE.
32:45PEOPLE SAY YOU GET NERVOUS WHEN
32:46YOU GO ON STAGE?
32:47BUT I'M MORE NERVOUS BACKSTAGE,
32:50MAKING SURE I'VE GOT MY PROPS.
32:52MIXED ONE FOR THE OTHER, MAKE
32:54SURE I'VE GOT THE RIGHT MONEY IN
32:55THE POCKET TO PAY FOR CERTAIN
32:57ITEMS.
32:57BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO GET THE
32:58CORRECT CHANGE AND STUFF LIKE
33:00THAT.
33:00YEAH, GOT A LOT OF SUPPORT
33:02BACKSTAGE.
33:02>> ACCENTS ARE ALL DIFFERENT.
33:05>> ACCENTS AND TONE AS WELL.
33:09JOBS, SOCIAL AND ALL THAT STUFF.
33:11YEAH.
33:11>> YOU KNOW, IN THIS PLAY, MR.
33:16KIM SAYS THE STORY, MY STORY.
33:20SO HE IDENTIFIES THE STORE WITH
33:23HIMSELF.
33:23BECAUSE NEITHER OF HIS KIDS, THE
33:24WAY YOU HAVE WRITTEN THEM, WANT
33:26TO BECOME STORE OWNERS, WANT TO
33:27TAKE OVER FROM HIM, HE IS KIND
33:29OF WORRIED ABOUT WHAT IS GOING
33:30TO HAPPEN TO HIM ONCE HIS
33:31LEGACY, WHAT DOES HE HAVE TO
33:33SHOW IN THE WORLD.
33:34I DON'T KNOW IF IT'S A SPOILER
33:35ALERT OR WHAT --
33:40[ LAUGHTER ]
33:41DOES THE SON COME BACK AND TAKE
33:42OVER?
33:43>> I THINK IT IS A QUESTION FOR
33:44MANY IMMIGRANT PARENTS WHO TAKE
33:46UP AND DO WELL.
33:48THEY COME TO ANOTHER COUNTRY,
33:49AND THEY DO WELL.
33:51AND THEY WANT BETTER FOR THEIR
33:53KIDS.
33:53BUT IN THIS FAMILY, THE KIDS
33:55DON'T LIVE UP TO THE EXPECTATION
33:58OF THEIR PARENTS.
34:02AND SO IT'S.
34:02>> BUT THEY'RE GOOD KIDS.
34:04>> THEY'RE GOOD KIDS.
34:05BUT CAREERWISE.
34:07THEY'RE A PHOTOGRAPHER, AND THEY
34:08WORK AT A CAR RENTAL SHOP, WHICH
34:10IS FINE.
34:11BUT THEY'RE NOT A DOCTOR OR A
34:15LAWYER.
34:15SO THE QUESTION OF, YOU KNOW,
34:20APA'S LEGACY, AND WHAT DOES THIS
34:22ALL MEAN, KIND OF AN EXISTENTIAL
34:24QUESTION HE IS LEFT WITH.
34:25AND HE IS TRYING TO ANSWER
34:27THROUGHOUT THE PLAY.
34:27>> ACTORS.
34:29WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE
34:30PLAYWRIGHT AS ACTOR?
34:33>> GOOD QUESTION.
34:33THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
34:37>> DOES HE MEASURE UP?
34:38DOES HE NEED TO GO BACK TO
34:38ACTING SCHOOL?
34:43[ LAUGHTER ]
34:43>> YOU'RE NOT GOING TO GET
34:45FIRED.
34:45>> I THINK HE IS AN INCREDIBLE
34:49ACTOR JUST AS MUCH AS HE IS OF A
34:52WRITER.
34:53>> YEAH.
34:55>> THE MOMENTS THAT I GET TO BE
34:58ON STAGE WITH THESE PARTICULAR
35:01PEOPLE, IT'S INCREDIBLE.
35:01BUT ALSO I LEARN SO MUCH FROM
35:04WORKING OPPOSITE INS, BECAUSE A
35:06LOT OF THE PLAY WE'RE TOGETHER
35:08ON STAGE.
35:09AND I WAS VERY CONFIDENT IN
35:13MYSELF BECAUSE I WAS CONFIDENT
35:15IN THEM, BECAUSE THEY WERE
35:17CONFIDENT.
35:17IT'S JUST I LEARNED SO MUCH.
35:19SO I'M REALLY -- I'M REALLY -- I
35:20THINK HE IS INCREDIBLE.
35:24>> WE'VE ALSO GOT A LOT OF SPACE
35:26AS WELL TO PUT OUR OWN STAMP ON
35:28THESE CASE, BECAUSE THIS PLAY
35:30EXISTED LONG BEFORE WE HAVE AS
35:31WELL.
35:31>> SO TRUE.
35:32>> BUT I NEVER FELT THAT I HAVE
35:34TO FIT INTO A CERTAIN MOLD OF A
35:36PREVIOUS PRODUCTION OR PREVIOUS
35:37ACTOR.
35:38SO I JUST REALLY ENJOYED THE
35:39SPACE OF PUTTING MY OWN STAMP ON
35:41THESE CHARACTERS WHICH HAS BEEN
35:42REALLY FUN.
35:43>> SO WHAT IS IT LIKE FOR YOU
35:44BEING THE WRITER, THE CREATOR,
35:47THE ACTOR, IN MULTIPLE
35:49GENERATION ACTOR?
35:50>> I STUDIED ACTING.
35:51I NEVER STUDIED WRITING.
35:52>> OKAY.
35:53>> WRITING WAS ALWAYS LIKE A
35:54HOBBY, LIKE A SECRET THAT I JUST
35:56DID ON THE SIDE.
35:56I DIDN'T WANT TO SHARE WITH
35:58ANYONE, BECAUSE IT'S TOO
35:59VULNERABLE TO SHARE YOUR
36:00WRITING.
36:00BUT ACTING, SO I HAVE MORE
36:03CONFIDENCE IN ACTING THAN IN MY
36:06WRITING.
36:06NOW I'M MORE CONFIDENT IN MY
36:08WRITING.
36:09BUT IT'S BEEN JUST KIND OF LIKE
36:12A FULL CIRCLE EXPERIENCE HERE.
36:16I MEAN, EVER SINCE I WROTE BOTH
36:18THE PLAY, I HAVE TWO KIDS.
36:22AND I GOT OLD.
36:23AND I ALWAYS WANTED MY KIDS TO
36:25CALL ME APA.
36:26SO AS SOON AS THEY WERE BORN,
36:28APA.
36:29NOW THEY CALL ME APA, AND NOW I
36:31PLAY APA.
36:32>> WELL, THANKS VERY MUCH
36:33INDEED.
36:34THANK YOU.
36:36>> IT REALLY IS CHARMING, AND
36:37IT'S REALLY A RIOT.
36:40>>> TURNING NOW TO A FEAT OF
36:41SKILL AND BRAVERY IN THE NAME OF
36:43SCIENCE.
36:43YOU MAY REMEMBER CLIMBER ALEX
36:45HONNOLD FROM THE OSCAR WINNING
36:48DOCUMENTARY "FREE SOLO" WHEN HE
36:49BECAME THE FIRST PERSON TO SCALE
36:52EL CAPITAN IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL
36:53PARK WITHOUT ANY ROPES.
36:55NOW IN A NEW NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
36:58SERIES "ARCTIC ASCENT," HE SETS
37:00HIS SIGHTS EVEN HIGHER ON A
37:024,000 FOOT SEA CLIFF IN GREEN
37:04LAND.
37:04THIS TIME HE'S GOT ROPES, BUT
37:06HE'S ALSO GOT THE CLIMATE ON HIS
37:08MIND, AND HE IS JOINED BY A TEAM
37:10OF SCIENTISTS HEADED UP BY
37:13GLACIOLOGIST HEIDI SEVESTRE.
37:15HARI SREENIVASAN SPEAKS TO THEM
37:15BOTH ABOUT WHAT THEY DISCOVERED.
37:19>> EXPEDITION LEADER ALEX
37:20HONNOLD AND GLACIOLOGIST HEIDI
37:22SEVESTRE, THANK YOU BOTH FOR
37:23JOINING US.
37:24ALEX, LET ME START WITH YOU.
37:26OUR VIEWERS MIGHT REMEMBER YOU
37:28STOPPED BY OUR STUDIOS A FEW
37:30YEARS AGO WHEN YOU WERE OUT
37:31TALKING ABOUT "FREE SOLO," A
37:33MOVIE THAT CATALOGED AN
37:37EXCRUCIATING AND ANXIETY
37:38INDUCING DETAIL YOUR ASCENT
37:40ABOVE EL CAPITAN, ONE OF THE
37:42MOST FAMOUS ROCK FACES IN THE
37:44UNITED STATES.
37:45THIS IS A FILM THAT DOES CATALOG
37:48YOU TAKING ON AN ASCENT IN
37:52GREENLAND, BUT IT SEEMS LIKE
37:53THERE WAS MORE TO IT THAT
37:55INTERESTED YOU THAN JUST THE
37:56ROCK CLIMBING.
37:57WHY DID YOU DO THIS?
37:59>> THIS EXPEDITION WAS MUCH
38:01BROADER IN SCOPE AND IN PURPOSE.
38:03WE WERE IN A REMOTE PART OF
38:05EASTERN GREENLAND.
38:06WE WERE THERE DOING SCIENCE WITH
38:08HEIDI, WHO IS RUNNING MANY
38:10DIFFERENT PROJECTS ALONG OUR
38:12JOURNEY.
38:12AND MOSTLY WE WERE JUST
38:14EXPLORING THIS INCREDIBLE
38:15LANDSCAPE AND SORT OF TELLING A
38:16STORY ABOUT WHY GREENLAND AND
38:17WHY THE ARCTIC IS SO IMPORTANT
38:18FOR COMMUNITY.
38:20>> THE FIRST PICTURE I SAW, IT
38:24LOOKED LIKE THE SCARIEST WALL
38:25I'VE EVER SEEN.
38:28WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THE ROCK
38:29WILL BE LIKE.
38:31SO WE'VE ASKED TWO OF THE BEST
38:32CLIMBERS IN THE WORLD TO JOIN
38:34ME.
38:34AND WE HAVE THE RIGHT HUMAN TO
38:37DO MEANINGFUL RESEARCH AS WE GO
38:40CLIMBING.
38:40>> NO ONE HAS BEEN HERE FOR
38:41ALMOST TWO DECADES.
38:45BECAUSE IT'S REALLY ONE OF THE
38:46MOST DANGEROUS ENVIRONMENTS ON
38:47EARTH.
38:48>> HEIDI, TELL OUR AUDIENCE WHAT
38:51IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE
38:52MELTING THAT IS HAPPENING IN THE
38:55ARCTIC AND IN GREENLAND.
38:57>> THE ARCTIC IS WARMING THREE
38:59TO FOUR TIMES FASTER THAN THE
39:01REST OF THE WORLD.
39:03AND WE'RE SEEING THE IMPACTS OF
39:05CLIMATE CHANGE DAY IN AND DAY
39:07OUT IN THAT REGION.
39:08WHEN YOU THINK OF THE ARCTIC,
39:09YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT
39:11THERE IS THIS GIANT ISLAND OF
39:13GREENLAND THAT IS MOSTLY COVERED
39:15BY ICE.
39:15IF THIS ICE WERE TO MELT AWAY,
39:17IT WOULD INCREASE SEA LEVELS
39:20GLOBALLY BY UP TO 24 FEET.
39:23SO OUR FUTURE IS DIRECTLY
39:25CONNECTED TO THE HEALTH OF THE
39:26ARCTIC AND TO THE HEALTH OF THE
39:31GREENLAND ICE SHEETS.
39:33>> ALEX, YOU HAVE BEEN
39:36INTERESTED IN ENVIRONMENT AND
39:37PROTECTING IT AND THINKING ABOUT
39:39CLIMATE CHANGE FOR QUITE SOME
39:40TIME NOW.
39:40WHEN YOU STARTED OUT ON THIS
39:45TREK, EVEN JUST TO GET TO THE
39:46FACE YOU'RE GOING THE CLIMB,
39:47WHAT DID YOU NOTICE?
39:49>> WELL, TO BE HONEST, IT FOR ME
39:51AS A LAYPERSON, AS A
39:53NONSCIENTIST, I JUST NOTICED
39:55INCREDIBLE GLACIERS, INCREDIBLE
39:57MOUNTAINS, INCREDIBLE SCENERY.
39:58AND THAT'S PART OF THE WONDER OF
40:00GREENLAND IS THAT IT IS ALMOST
40:01LIKE A FANTASY LANDSCAPE.
40:02IT'S JUST INCREDIBLE.
40:04EVERYTHING, THE SCALE IS SO
40:05VAST.
40:05I THINK FROM A LAY PERSPECTIVE,
40:07IT'S AMAZING.
40:08IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
40:09AND I THINK THAT'S A BIG PART OF
40:10WHAT YOU SEE IN THE SHOW IS JUST
40:12THE INCREDIBLE BEAUTY OF THE
40:13LANDSCAPE.
40:13BUT I THINK IT'S THROUGH THE
40:15SCIENCE THAT HEIDI IS DOING THAT
40:17YOU CAN SEE HOW QUICKLY THAT
40:18LANDSCAPE IS CHANGING.
40:19FOR ME, IT'S THE FIRST TIME
40:20GOING TO A PLACE LIKE THAT.
40:22SO IT JUST LOOKS AMAZING.
40:23BUT THE MORE YOU KNOW ABOUT IT
40:24AND THE MORE YOU UNDERSTAND IT,
40:25THE MORE CONCERNING IT CAN BE.
40:27>> WHEN IT COMES TO CLIMATE
40:28CHANGE, GREENLAND IS ONE OF THE
40:30MOST IMPORTANT PLACES ON THE
40:31PLANET.
40:33IT'S GOTTEN ABOUT 5.5 DEGREES
40:35WARMER OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS.
40:37MORE AND MORE OF ITS ICE IS
40:40MELTING, RAISING THE SEA LEVEL
40:43AROUND THE WORLD.
40:48IT IS EXTREMELY REMOTE, AND
40:50SCIENTISTS RARELY HAVE AN
40:51OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY THE AREA
40:53AROUND IT.
40:53>> HEIDI, MOST OF THE PLACES
40:56THAT THIS EXPEDITION WENT TO ARE
40:58PLACES THAT HUMANS DON'T GET A
41:00CHANCE TO WALK MUCH LESS TAKE
41:04SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS OF.
41:06SO GIVE US AN IDEA OF THE RANGE
41:10OF MEASUREMENTS THAT YOU WERE
41:11TAKING ON REALLY THE APPROACH TO
41:14WHERE ALEX AND HIS TEAM WERE
41:15GOING TO CLIMB.
41:16>> I JOINED THIS EXPEDITION WAS
41:20REALLY A DREAM COME TRUE FOR A
41:21SCIENTIST, BECAUSE THIS IS ONE
41:23OF THE LEAST EXPLORED, LEAST
41:25STUDIED PARTS OF GREENLAND.
41:26WE WERE IN EAST GREENLAND, THIS
41:30FJORD OF LEGENDS.
41:32AND FOR SIX WEEKS, ACTUALLY WE
41:34TRAVERSED A BIG PART OF THIS
41:36FJORD, CROSSING GLACIERS,
41:38ICECAPS, COLLECTING MEASUREMENTS
41:39IN THE VERY DEEP FJORD,
41:42INSTALLING INSTRUMENTS ON THESE
41:44MASSIVE CLIFFS.
41:45AND IN TOTAL, WE WORKED WITH 12
41:47DIFFERENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES ON
41:48THIS EXPEDITION, INCLUDING NASA.
41:50AND WE PERFORMED 18 DIFFERENT
41:53RESEARCH PROTOCOLS FROM GOING
41:55INTO GLACIERS, COLLECTING ROCK
41:57CORES, MEASURING ICE THICKNESS
41:59AND WATER TEMPERATURE.
42:01THIS WAS KEY FOR THE RESEARCH
42:03COMMUNITY.
42:04AND I'M REALLY GLAD TO SEE HOW
42:06MUCH DATA WE WERE ABLE TO BRING
42:08BACK AND SHARE WITH THESE
42:10DIFFERENT RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.
42:11>> HEIDI, I KNOW IT TAKES A
42:12WHILE FOR SCIENTISTS TO PORE
42:17DATA AND COME TO SOME
42:19CONCLUSIONS.
42:20ARE THERE EXAMPLES OF THINGS YOU
42:21HAVE FOUND DURING THIS
42:22EXPEDITION THAT ARE ALREADY
42:23ADVANCING WHAT WE UNDERSTANDING
42:25GLACIERS OR ABOUT PERMAFROST
42:26THAT IS HAPPENING THERE?
42:28>> ABSOLUTELY.
42:29SCIENCE TAKES TIME.
42:30IT WILL PROBABLY TAKE ANOTHER
42:31COUPLE OF YEARS TO GET ALL THE
42:33RESULTS FROM THIS EXPEDITION.
42:35WE ALREADY HAVE SOME PRELIMINARY
42:38RESULTS, ESPECIALLY REGARDING
42:39THE INSTRUMENTS THAT WE LAUNCHED
42:41FOR NASA IN THE WATER IN THE
42:44FJORD.
42:44SO THIS INSTRUMENT IS CALLED A
42:46FLOAT, AND WE LAUNCHED IT FOR A
42:48PROJECT CALLED OCEANS MELTING
42:51GREENLAND.
42:51AND THE FLOAT WAS BASICALLY
42:53GOING UP AND DOWN THE WATER
42:55COLUMN, MEASURING WATER
42:56TEMPERATURE AND WATER SALINITY.
42:58AND WHAT THIS ROBOT WAS ABLE TO
43:00TELL US IS THAT THE FJORD IS
43:02DEFINITELY GETTING WARMER.
43:03THIS IS NOT GOOD NEWS, BECAUSE
43:05IF THE WATER AROUND THE
43:07PERIPHERY OF THE ICE SHEETS IS
43:10WARMING UP, IT MEANS IT CAN EAT
43:12AWAY AT THE ICE AROUND THE ICE
43:13SHEET AND REALLY CATALYZE
43:16CALVING AND CATALYZE SEA LEVEL
43:18RISE AROUND THE WORLD.
43:18>> ALEX, LET'S START TALKING A
43:21LITTLE BIT ABOUT THIS CLIMB.
43:22I MEAN, WHEN YOU SHOWED THE
43:24SCALE OF, SAY, THE EMPIRE STATE
43:26BUILDING, EL CAPITAN, WHICH IS
43:28ALREADY ENORMOUS, WHICH YOU
43:31ASCENDED WITHOUT ANY ROPES, THIS
43:34ROCK, THIS SEA CLIFF IS A
43:36MONSTER.
43:36IT'S EVEN BIGGER.
43:38WHEN YOU CAME UP TO IT ON THE
43:40BOAT, KIND OF SAW IT FOR THE
43:42FIRST TIME, WHAT WENT THROUGH
43:45YOUR MIND?
43:45>> OH, SURE.
43:47HEIDI AND I BOTH SMILE BECAUSE
43:49WE BOTH REMEMBER SEEING IT FROM
43:50THE BOAT FOR THE FIRST TIME, AND
43:51WE ALL THOUGHT OH, NO, IT LOOKED
43:53TOO BIG AND IT LOOKED TOO
43:55DAUNTING.
43:55IT LOOKED VERY CHALLENGING.
43:57BUT, YOU KNOW, THEN WE SET TO
43:58WORK AND STARTED CHIPPING AWAY
44:02AT IT SO TO SPEAK, STARTED
44:03CLIMBING AND MAKING SOME
44:04PROGRESS.
44:05AND ULTIMATELY WE WERE ABLE TO
44:06CLIMB IT.
44:06BUT IT IS A VERY INTIMIDATING
44:09WALL.
44:09IT'S VERY BIG.
44:09AND IT LOOKS -- IT LOOK ALMOST
44:12EVIL JUST THE WAY THE SWIRLS ON
44:14THE ROCK ARE.
44:15IT LOOKS VERY DAUNTING.
44:17>> ICE, ICE.
44:18>> ICE!
44:22>> IF WE MANAGE TO CLIMB IT --
44:25>> ROCK, ROCK, ROCK!
44:26>> IT WILL BE THE BIGGEST CLIMB
44:27WE'VE EVER DONE.
44:32>> WE JUST DON'T KNOW WHAT WE'LL
44:34FACE UP THERE.
44:37>> SO SCARY!
44:40>> I WAS DEFINITELY HOPING THAT
44:41CONDITIONS WERE GOING TO
44:42IMPROVE.
44:44AND THEY HAVE DEFINITELY NOT
44:47IMPROVED.
44:47>> HEIDI, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT
44:48WE NOTICED WAS AMOUNT OF ICE
44:52FALLING ON THE CLIMBERS, WHICH
44:53WAS AN INCREDIBLY SIGNIFICANT
44:55THREAT AND A DANGER, AND THERE
44:57WAS ONE POINT WHERE ALEX EVEN
44:58GETS CUT ON HIS NOSE BY A PIECE
45:00OF FALLING ICE.
45:02BUT I WONDER, YOU KNOW, ASIDE
45:04FROM GREENLAND, ARE WE SEEING
45:06THESE KIND OF CLIMATE CHANGE
45:09IMPACTS IN OTHER ROCK FACES,
45:11OTHER MOUNTAINS AROUND THE
45:13PLANET AS THE TEMPERATURES WARM
45:16UP?
45:16>> YEAH, DEFINITELY.
45:17AND I'M SURE ALEX HAS LOTS OF
45:19STORIES TO TELL ABOUT HOW
45:21CLIMATE CHANGE IS IMPACTING THE
45:23SAFETY OF THESE MOUNTAINS.
45:24BUT, YOU KNOW, I COME FROM THE
45:26FRENCH ALPS.
45:27AND IN THE FRENCH ALPS, WE'RE
45:29STARTING TO SEE MORE AND MORE
45:30ROCK FALLS.
45:31THEY'RE MORE FREQUENT.
45:32THEY'RE BIGGER AND BIGGER EVERY
45:34YEAR.
45:34BECAUSE WE HAVE WHAT WE CALL
45:37PERMAFROST IN THESE HIGH
45:38MOUNTAINS.
45:38AND PERMAFROST IS LIKE A GLUE
45:40THAT KEEPS THESE MOUNTAINS
45:42TOGETHER.
45:43UNFORTUNATELY, IT IS THAWING
45:44DEEPER AND DEEPER EVERY YEAR.
45:46SO THESE MOUNTAINS ARE BECOMING
45:46INCREASINGLY DANGEROUS.
45:48>> ALEX, WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES
45:50THAT YOU HAVE SEEN OF HOW
45:53CLIMATE CHANGE MIGHT BE
45:56AFFECTING ROCK FACES THAT YOU
45:58MIGHT HAVE CLIMBED EARLIER IN
45:59YOUR LIFE AND HOW SITUATIONS
46:02HAVE CHANGED AND THE PLACES THAT
46:04YOU GO TO?
46:05>> YEAH, I MEAN, HEIDI HAS JUST
46:08AS MANY EXAMPLES.
46:09WE BOTH HAVE SEEN SO MUCH OF
46:10THIS IN THE NATURAL WORLD.
46:12AS A CLIMBER, YOU PROBABLY
46:13NOTICE IT THE MOST WITH THE
46:15APPROACHES AND OUT OF THE
46:15MOUNTAINS.
46:16THE WAY YOU HIKE INTO THE
46:16MOUNTAINS AND THE WAY YOU
46:18NAVIGATE GLACIERS.
46:19JUST IN THE FEW SEASONS I'VE
46:22CLIMBED IN PATAGONIA IN SOUTHERN
46:25ARGENTINA, SOME OF THE GLACIERS
46:26HAVE RECEDED ENOUGH THAT YOU
46:30USED TO HIKE ON THE SOUTH AND
46:31NOW YOU HIKE ON THE NORTH, THE
46:33GLACIER HAS MOVED SO MUCH AND
46:34NOW YOU CAN'T GET AROUND.
46:36THINGS LIKE THAT.
46:37LANDSCAPES THAT LOOK LIKE THEY
46:38SHOULD BE PERMANENT ARE IN FACT
46:40CHANGING INCREDIBLY QUICKLY.
46:41AND THAT'S PRETTY SOBERING.
46:43BECAUSE NORMALLY WHEN YOU GO
46:45INTO THE MOUNTAINS LIKE THAT,
46:47YOU'RE STRUCK BY SORT OF THE
46:48HUMAN INSIGNIFICANCE.
46:48YOU THINK OF HOW SMALL YOU ARE
46:50AND HOW BIG AND PERMANENT THOSE
46:52MOUNTAINS ARE.
46:53IN CASE YOU GO TWO YEARS IN A
46:54ROW AND THE MOUNTAINS HAVE
46:55CHANGED EVEN MORE THAN WE HAVE.
46:57THAT'S A VERY SCARY THING TO
46:58SEE.
46:58>> HEIDI, PUT THAT IN
47:00PERSPECTIVE FOR US.
47:01WHEN WE LOOK AT CORE SAMPLES,
47:04AND YOU DO YOUR DRILLING, AND
47:07YOU FIND ALMOST A HISTORY BOOK
47:08OF WHAT'S BEEN HAPPENING TO A
47:11SPECIFIC PIECE OF LAND, HOW
47:14CONCLUSIVE IS THE HUMAN IMPACT,
47:16WHETHER IT'S ICE CORE OR ROCK
47:19CORE?
47:19AND PUT IN PERSPECTIVE THAT
47:21CHANGE.
47:21BECAUSE THESE THINGS HAVE BEEN
47:23LITERALLY HERE FOREVER, COMPARED
47:24TO US AND OUR IMPACTS.
47:27>> ABSOLUTELY.
47:28THESE LANDSCAPES HAVE SO MANY
47:30STORIES TO TELL, WHETHER IT'S
47:32THE ROCK, THE ICE.
47:33WE CAN REALLY GO SUPER FAR BACK
47:35IN TIME BY ANALYZING THESE
47:37DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
47:39YOU KNOW THAT CLIMATE HAS ALWAYS
47:41CHANGED, ABSOLUTELY.
47:41BUT THE RATE OF CHANGE WE'RE
47:43SEEING AT THE MOMENT IS
47:44ABSOLUTELY UNPRECEDENTED, AND IT
47:47IS WITHOUT A SHADOW OF A DOUBT
47:50THAT THE CURRENT CHANGE IN
47:51CLIMATE WE'RE ALL EXPERIENCING
47:52IS DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE
47:53BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS, TO
47:57DEFORESTATION, BASICALLY TO
47:58HUMAN ACTIVITIES.
47:59AND IT IS REALLY WHAT SCARES US,
48:01THE SCIENTISTS, HOW QUICKLY
48:02THINGS ARE CHANGING, BECAUSE
48:03IT'S REALLY PUSHING OUR
48:07CAPACITIES OF ADAPTATION TO
48:08THEIR VERY LIMITS.
48:10THIS IS WHY WE NEED MORE DATA
48:12FROM THESE PLACES TO BE ABLE TO
48:15PREPARE FOR A FUTURE THAT WE'RE
48:15TRYING TO SEE IN THESE ROCKS AND
48:19THE ICE.
48:19>> HEIDI, THERE IS A SCENE IN
48:21THE FILM WHERE YOU BASICALLY DIG
48:22A HOLE, AND ALEX DIGS ANOTHER
48:24ONE NEAR YOU.
48:25AND BOTH OF YOU GET INTO THIS
48:27HOLE, AND YOU KIND OF LOOK IN
48:29BETWEEN.
48:29AND YOU SEE THE DIFFERENT
48:31LAYERS.
48:32THIS IS ALMOST WITHIN A YEAR'S
48:33WORTH.
48:34AND THERE ARE THESE LINES.
48:36EXPLAIN WHAT THE LINES ACROSS
48:37WERE AND WHY THAT'S SIGNIFICANT.
48:39>> THAT WAS SO MAGICAL.
48:40AND I'M GLAD THAT I HAD THESE
48:42SUPER FIT ATHLETES AROUND ME
48:43HELPING ME TO DIG THESE HOLES IN
48:44THE SNOW.
48:45AND ALEX WAS WAY FASTER THAN ME.
48:47BUT IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT
48:49ACTUALLY TO DIG THESE SNOW PITS,
48:51BECAUSE THE DEEPER YOU GO, THE
48:53FURTHER BACK IN TIME YOU CAN BE.
48:55AND WHAT WE SAW WAS A SERIES OF
49:00ICE LANCES.
49:01AS BEAUTIFUL AS THEY ARE,
49:03THEY'RE NOT A GOOD SIGN.
49:04THESE ICE LANCES TELL US THAT
49:06THERE WERE MOMENTS DURING THE
49:07PAST FEW MONTHS ON THIS ICECAP
49:10THAT AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE
49:12GREEN ICE SHEETS, MOMENTS WITH
49:14MELTS WITH RAIN.
49:14AND THIS WAS HIGHLY UNEXPECTED
49:17ACTUALLY FOR THIS SPOT OF
49:18GREENLAND THAT IS SUPPOSED TO BE
49:20QUITE COLD AT THIS HIGH
49:21ALTITUDE.
49:22>> ALEX, LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT
49:26ABOUT HOW YOU KIND OF FELT ON
49:27THIS CLIMB.
49:28BECAUSE WHILE DOING A FREE SOLO
49:30IS A TOTALLY DIFFERENT
49:31CHALLENGE, AND IT WAS SORT OF
49:33ONE PART OF YOUR LIFE, HERE YOU
49:35ARE YEARS LATER TAKING ON A
49:38SIX-WEEK EXPEDITION WITH, AS
49:40LOTS OF THINGS HAVE, A VERY
49:41SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF RISK
49:42INVOLVED.
49:43AND I WONDER IF YOU APPROACH THE
49:46PREPARATION DIFFERENTLY, IF YOU
49:47THINK ABOUT THINGS DIFFERENTLY,
49:49I KNOW THAT YOU'RE MARRIED AND A
49:51DAD?
49:51>> NO, HONESTLY, THIS WAS ONE OF
49:54MY FAVORITE EXPEDITIONS THAT
49:55I'VE EVER BEEN ON, AND I GO ON
49:57CLIMBING TRIPS EVERY YEAR.
49:58I'M FREQUENTLY DOING EXPEDITIONS
50:01SIMILAR TO THIS, BUT WITH
50:02DIFFERENT OBJECTIVES.
50:03THIS WAS ONE OF MY FAVORITE
50:04TRIPS BECAUSE I HAD THE RIGHT
50:06COMBINATION OF A GREET TEAM,
50:08GREAT PURPOSE, GREAT OBJECTIVES.
50:09THE CLIMBING WAS INSPIRING
50:11ENOUGH FOR ME TO BE EXCITED TO
50:13GO THERE.
50:13BUT THEN THE SCIENCE WE WERE
50:14DOING, THE TEAM WERE DOING IT
50:16WITH, EVERYTHING ELSE ABOUT THE
50:19TRIP MADE THE WHOLE THING SEEM
50:20TOTALLY WORTHWHILE TO ME IN A
50:21WAY THAT KIND OF PUT IT BEYOND A
50:23NORMAL TIME AND OBJECTIVE.
50:25NORMALLY YOU'RE JUST CLIMBING
50:26FOR YOURSELF.
50:26IN THIS CASE IT FELT WE WERE
50:28REALLY DOING SOMETHING USEFUL,
50:29AND IT MADE THE WHOLE TRIP FEEL
50:31A LOT MORE MEANINGFUL.
50:33>> ALEX, I WONDER, THERE IS A
50:35TEAMMATE OF YOURS, MIKE AND YOU,
50:37YOU HAVE A DISAGREEMENT, A AND
50:39YOU HAVE A HEART TO HEART.
50:40A AND THE CAMERAS ARE WELL
50:42ENOUGH POSITIONED TO CAPTURE
50:44SOME OF THAT.
50:45WHAT GOES THROUGH YOUR MIND AS
50:46YOU LOOK BACK.
50:47HIS CONCERN WAS I DON'T FEEL
50:49NECESSARILY COMFORTABLE AND I
50:51DON'T FEEL HEARD.
50:52AND AGAIN, FROM A VIEWER'S
50:54PERSPECTIVE, I WONDER IF THEY'RE
50:59MISALIGNED HERE.
50:59>> HONESTLY, I THINK THE
51:01FILMMAKERS DID A GREAT JOB
51:03SHOWING THE ENTIRE EXPEDITION.
51:04BUT THE REALITY IS THAT WE HAD
51:06CONVERSATIONS LIKE THAT MUCH
51:06MORE THAN YOU SEE ON CAMERA.
51:08WE WERE CONSTANTLY TALKING ABOUT
51:10RISK.
51:10WE'RE CONSTANTLY TALKING ABOUT
51:11HOW TO MITIGATE RISK AND MANAGE
51:13AND WHETHER OR NOT WE FEEL
51:15COMFORTABLE, WHETHER OR NOT WE
51:16FEEL SAFE.
51:16YOU CERTAINLY SEE GLIMPSES IN
51:17THE FILM.
51:17THE REALITY, WE WERE TALKING
51:18ABOUT IT ALL THE TIME BECAUSE WE
51:20ALL WANT TO COME HOME SAFELY.
51:21BUT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT ISN'T
51:23SHOWN IN THE FILM IS AFTER THAT
51:25CONVERSATION, MIKEY DECIDED THAT
51:26HE DIDN'T WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN
51:27THE CLIMB ON THE FACE.
51:28BUT INSTEAD, WHAT HE DID WAS
51:30GUIDE THE CAMERA CREW UP THE
51:31BACK SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN SO
51:33THEY COULD FILM IT.
51:33BECAUSE HE IS BASICALLY A
51:35PROFESSIONAL MOUNTAIN GUIDE AND
51:36A FILMMAKER HIMSELF.
51:37AND SO PART OF WHAT ISN'T SAID
51:39IN THAT WHOLE EXCHANGE IS THAT
51:41HE WAS DECIDING TO USE HIS
51:43UNIQUE SET OF SKILLS IN A
51:44DIFFERENT WAY TO HELP THE TEAM
51:45IN A WAY HE FELT WAS SAFER BUT
51:47STILL INCREDIBLY USEFUL.
51:49>> HEIDI, WHAT'S IT LIKE
51:52BEGINNING YOUR CLIMBING
51:55EXPERIENCE WITH WORLD CLASS
51:58EXPERTS ON -- IN A REGION THAT
52:01NOBODY'S EVER REALLY CLIMBED
52:03BEFORE?
52:03>> I'LL BE HONEST.
52:04I REALLY DIDN'T WANT TO DO ANY
52:09CLIMBING.
52:09AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE.
52:11BUT, YOU KNOW, THIS WAS ONE IN A
52:13LIFETIME OPPORTUNITY.
52:14AND ALSO, YOU KNOW, I FELT THE
52:17PRESSURE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
52:19COLLECTING THESE ROCK SAMPLES ON
52:21THIS WALL THE RIGHT WAY.
52:22NOT THAT THE CLIMBERS WERE NOT
52:23GOING DO IT THE RIGHT WAY.
52:25BUT I REALLY WANTED TO BE THERE
52:26TO SEE IT HAPPENING.
52:27AND LUCKILY, YOU KNOW, THEY
52:29TRUSTED ME.
52:31THEY THOUGHT THAT BY GIVING ME
52:32THE RIGHT TRAINING, I WOULD BE
52:33ABLE TO DO IT.
52:34AND IT WAS -- IT WAS EQUALLY
52:36MAGICAL AND TERRIFYING A THE
52:37SAME TIME.
52:38BUT I'M SO GLAD THAT WE'RE ABLE
52:40TO COLLECT THESE ROCK CORES
52:41ALONG THE WAY.
52:42THIS WAS A BIG MISSION COMPLETE
52:43FOR ME.
52:47>> SO, ALEX, HOW WAS SHE?
52:49>> OH, SHE WAS GREAT.
52:51HEIDI DID FINE.
52:52NONE OF US HAD ANY DOUBT SHE
52:54WOULD MAKE IT UP THE WALL JUST
52:56FINE AND BE TOTALLY SAFE.
52:57AS SHE WAS JUST ALLUDING TO, THE
52:59SCIENCE, I FOUND CONSISTENTLY
53:00THROUGHOUT THE EXPEDITION, IT
53:01WAS HARDER TO DO THE SCIENTIFIC
53:03EXPERIMENTS, IT WAS HARDER TO
53:05COLLECT DATA THAN I MAYBE
53:06EXPECTED, BECAUSE A LOT OF THE
53:07THINGS, A LOT OF THE PROTOCOLS,
53:09OH, DRILL A SAMPLE INTO THE
53:11ROCK.
53:11BUT THEN IT TURNS OUT IT'S
53:12REALLY HARD AND IT'S HARD TO
53:13LINE UP THE DRILL PROPERLY AND
53:15HARD TO MANAGE THE BATTERIES.
53:17EVERYTHING WAS MORE CHALLENGING
53:17THAN WE EXPECTED.
53:18SO I THINK IT WAS ACTUALLY
53:20INCREDIBLY HELP TO FEEL HAVE
53:22HEIDI OVERSEEING EVERYTHING.
53:23LIKE THERE IS NO CHANCE WE COULD
53:24HAVE DONE ANY OF THE SCIENCE
53:25WITHOUT HEIDI ON THE TEAM.
53:26IT JUST TURNED OUT THAT IT WAS
53:29ALL TOO DIFFICULT FOR US.
53:30>> IS THERE, ALEX, A MOMENT THAT
53:34GAVE YOU PAUSE ON THIS, IN THE
53:36MIDDLE OF THIS FACE WHERE YOU
53:39KIND OF ARE MAKING SOME OF THE
53:41FINAL ASCENTS?
53:41>> A LITTLE BIT.
53:42I THINK OUR FINAL DAY CLIMBING,
53:44WHICH WAS THE HIGHLIGHT OF THE
53:47SHOW, HAZEL AND I ARE CLIMBING
53:49THE FINAL HEDWALL OF THIS GIANT
53:51MOUNTAIN.
53:51THERE WAS DEFINITELY A LOT OF
53:53UNCERTAINTY AROUND HOW WE COULD
53:55DO IT.
53:56PHYSICALLY, WHERE WE SHOULD
53:57NAVIGATE ON THE WALL AND WHAT
53:59ROUTE WE SHOULD CHOOSE.
54:00REALLY, THAT'S THE CHALLENGE OF
54:01DOING A FIRST ASCENT BECAUSE
54:02NOBODY HAS BEEN THERE.
54:04SO YOU DON'T REALLY KNOW WHICH
54:05WAY TO GO.
54:06WE DEFINITELY BOTH FELT VERY
54:08UNCOMFORTABLE THE WHOLE TIME.
54:09LIKE THERE WAS A LOT OF TENSION
54:11AROUND HOW TO WEAVE OUR WAY UP
54:13THE WALL.
54:14BUT THERE WAS NO SERIOUSLY
54:15DRAMATIC MOMENT, BUT IT WAS MORE
54:19LIKE ATTENTION THAT YOU CARRY
54:21THE ENTIRE DAY AS YOU WORK YOUR
54:23WAY UP.
54:24WE BOTH FELT INCREDIBLE RELIEF
54:25AT THE END OF THE JOB.
54:27WE WERE GENUINELY VERY EXCITED
54:28TO MAKE IT TO TOP.
54:30>> AND HEIDI, WHEN DID YOU
54:32FIGURE OUT OR HEAR THAT THEY HAD
54:33ACTUALLY PULLED IT OFF?
54:34>> YEAH, WE HAD RADIOS FROM BASE
54:37CAMP, AND WE HEARD THE GOOD
54:38NEWS.
54:38THE RELIEF WAS ALSO ENORMOUS AT
54:41BASE CAMP.
54:42WE WERE SO ANXIOUS.
54:43WE WERE REALLY TENSE THE WHOLE
54:45TIME.
54:46AND WE FELT -- YOU KNOW, WE FELT
54:48SO PROUD LULL TULLY OF WHAT YOU
54:50GUYS HAD ACHIEVED.
54:52AGAIN, A MASSIVE
54:53CONGRATULATIONS.
54:53>> GLACIOLOGIST DR. HEIDI
54:55SEVESTRE AND CLIMBER AND
54:56EXPEDITION LEADER ALEX HONNOLD,
54:57THANK YOU BOTH.
54:58>> THANK YOU.
54:59>> MY PLEASURE.
55:01>>> AND FINALLY TONIGHT, MORE
55:04ICE AND A HAPPY ENDING IN THOSE
55:06ICY WATERS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF
55:08THE WORLD.
55:09EARLIER THIS WEEK, THESE ORCAS
55:11WERE SEEN TRAPPED BY SEA ICE OFF
55:13THE COAST OF JAPAN'S NORTHERN
55:15ISLAND HOKKAIDO.
55:17FIRST SPOTTED BY LOCAL FISHEN
55:20MEN, THE POD OF AT LEAST 10 WAS
55:22SEEN STRUGGLING CLOSE TOGETHER,
55:24POKING THEIR HEADS OUT OF A HOLE
55:25IN THE ICE.
55:26BUT LOCAL AUTHORITIES BELIEVE
55:27THEY HAVE MANAGED TO ESCAPE TO
55:29SAFETY NOW.
55:30AN OFFICIAL SAID THEY COULD NO
55:31LONGER SPOT THE WHALES, AND THE
55:33ICE DRIFT HAD LOOSENED, MEANING
55:35THE CHANCES ARE VERY HIGH THE
55:37ORCAS HAVE BROKEN FREE.
55:38THAT'S IT FOR OUR PROGRAM
55:40TONIGHT.
55:40IF YOU WANT TO FIND OUT WHAT'S
55:42COMING UP EVERY NIGHT ON THE
55:44SHOW SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWS LATER
55:47AT PBS.ORG/AMANPOUR.
55:50THANKS FOR WATCHING.