Prostate cancer investigations/diagnosis
- 6 years ago
In this video, CancerBro explains prostate cancer diagnosis/investigation. You'll learn how prostate cancer is diagnosed by various examinations.
Video Transcript:
CancerBro, what are the investigations required to confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
Now we move on to the diagnostic work up prostate cancer.
The diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer are digital rectal examination, serum markers, prostate biopsy and imaging.
Prostate specific antigen or PSA is the biomarker for prostate cancer.
PSA may be falsely elevated in conditions other than prostate cancer.
Most commonly seen are urinary tract infection, bladder catheterisation, needle biopsy of prostate and transurethral resection of prostate.
Normal PSAs levels also very with age of a person.
It is less than 2.5 in 40 to 49 years, less than 3.5 in 50 to 59 years, less than 4.5 in 60 to 69 years and less than 6.5 in 70 to 79 years of age.
CancerBro, PSA may be elevated due to so many factors, then how do we know the elevation is due to the disease or other factors?
We can never be 100% sure just based on PSA. It guides us for further investigations and confirm the disease by DRE, biopsy, and imaging.
So to understand it better we come to the free to total PSA ratio.
PSA levels of 4 to 10 are overlapping for benign hypertrophy of prostate and prostate cancer, so free to total PSA ratio will help us to differentiate these two conditions.
If the ratio is less than 10%, it goes in the favour of cancer.
If the ratio is less than 10%, it goes in the favour of cancer.
Next important investigation is prostate biopsy.
Prostate biopsy may be done under ultrasound or MRI guidance, but baseline scan should be done as biopsy may distort the architecture and make it difficult to analyse the scan reports.
Prostate biopsy is assigned a grade called as Gleason's grade.
For diagnosis of prostate cancer, multiple biopsies are taken from prostate. In each biopsy sample we do the Gleason's scoring.
The scoring is done out of 5, the most common or most predominant score of all the biopsy samples is called as primary score.
Whereas, the highest score of all the biopsy samples is known as the secondary score.
Total score is calculated by adding primary and secondary score. Minimum score is 3 in each so minimum total score is 6.
Score as 6 is called low grade, 7 is intermediate grade and score between 8 to 10 is high grade.
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Video Transcript:
CancerBro, what are the investigations required to confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
Now we move on to the diagnostic work up prostate cancer.
The diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer are digital rectal examination, serum markers, prostate biopsy and imaging.
Prostate specific antigen or PSA is the biomarker for prostate cancer.
PSA may be falsely elevated in conditions other than prostate cancer.
Most commonly seen are urinary tract infection, bladder catheterisation, needle biopsy of prostate and transurethral resection of prostate.
Normal PSAs levels also very with age of a person.
It is less than 2.5 in 40 to 49 years, less than 3.5 in 50 to 59 years, less than 4.5 in 60 to 69 years and less than 6.5 in 70 to 79 years of age.
CancerBro, PSA may be elevated due to so many factors, then how do we know the elevation is due to the disease or other factors?
We can never be 100% sure just based on PSA. It guides us for further investigations and confirm the disease by DRE, biopsy, and imaging.
So to understand it better we come to the free to total PSA ratio.
PSA levels of 4 to 10 are overlapping for benign hypertrophy of prostate and prostate cancer, so free to total PSA ratio will help us to differentiate these two conditions.
If the ratio is less than 10%, it goes in the favour of cancer.
If the ratio is less than 10%, it goes in the favour of cancer.
Next important investigation is prostate biopsy.
Prostate biopsy may be done under ultrasound or MRI guidance, but baseline scan should be done as biopsy may distort the architecture and make it difficult to analyse the scan reports.
Prostate biopsy is assigned a grade called as Gleason's grade.
For diagnosis of prostate cancer, multiple biopsies are taken from prostate. In each biopsy sample we do the Gleason's scoring.
The scoring is done out of 5, the most common or most predominant score of all the biopsy samples is called as primary score.
Whereas, the highest score of all the biopsy samples is known as the secondary score.
Total score is calculated by adding primary and secondary score. Minimum score is 3 in each so minimum total score is 6.
Score as 6 is called low grade, 7 is intermediate grade and score between 8 to 10 is high grade.
CancerBro is also active on most social media channels. Follow him to get rich and authoritative content related to cancer awareness, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc.
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/officialcancerbro
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/official_cancerbro
Twitter - https://twitter.com/cancer_bro/
Website - http://www.cancerbro.com/