BRUSSELS — More than 30 people were killed in the Brussels bombings that targeted an airport and a metro station on Tuesday. With more than half of the casualties resulting from the Maelbeek station attack, it seems bombs detonated in a closed space could be more lethal.
A primer on bombings and blast injuries published in the American Medical Journal of Clinical Medicine explains that when a bomb detonates, it produces a high-energy pressure wave. In open air, blast waves last less than 10 milliseconds, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In an enclosed space, however, hard surfaces reflect the waves — magnifying their effect. The extreme pressure results in primary injuries, which damage the ears, lungs, and other gas-filled or hollow organs.
Secondary injuries are caused by flying projectiles, which could include any object on site, as well as bomb fragments, shrapnel, and debris.
When a person is propelled through the air by blast winds, the extent of their injuries can be determined by the environment. These tertiary injuries can range from bruises and abrasions to more serious head injuries or impalements.
Quarternary injuries— those that do not stem directly from primary, secondary, or tertiary mechanisms— such as burns, inhalation, and crush injuries, may also be compounded in confined spaces.
A 2008 article in the Journal of Architectural and Planning Research proposed making subway spaces more open, clearing obstructions and eliminating areas and objects where explosives can be hidden. But while some changes have been made, it is difficult to make underground train stations completely safe.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
Stay connected with us here:
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/TomoNewsUS
Twitter @tomonewsus http://www.twitter.com/TomoNewsUS
Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/
Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus
A primer on bombings and blast injuries published in the American Medical Journal of Clinical Medicine explains that when a bomb detonates, it produces a high-energy pressure wave. In open air, blast waves last less than 10 milliseconds, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In an enclosed space, however, hard surfaces reflect the waves — magnifying their effect. The extreme pressure results in primary injuries, which damage the ears, lungs, and other gas-filled or hollow organs.
Secondary injuries are caused by flying projectiles, which could include any object on site, as well as bomb fragments, shrapnel, and debris.
When a person is propelled through the air by blast winds, the extent of their injuries can be determined by the environment. These tertiary injuries can range from bruises and abrasions to more serious head injuries or impalements.
Quarternary injuries— those that do not stem directly from primary, secondary, or tertiary mechanisms— such as burns, inhalation, and crush injuries, may also be compounded in confined spaces.
A 2008 article in the Journal of Architectural and Planning Research proposed making subway spaces more open, clearing obstructions and eliminating areas and objects where explosives can be hidden. But while some changes have been made, it is difficult to make underground train stations completely safe.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
Stay connected with us here:
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/TomoNewsUS
Twitter @tomonewsus http://www.twitter.com/TomoNewsUS
Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/
Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus
Category
🗞
News