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Pésaj (Pascua judía): significado, historia y tradiciones

El Pésaj, también conocido como la Pascua judía, es una festividad importante en la tradición judía que conmemora la liberación del pueblo de Israel de la esclavitud en Egipto, aproximadamente en el siglo XIII a.C. según la narrativa bíblica del Éxodo.

La celebración dura ocho días en la diáspora judía (y siete días en Israel), durante los cuales las familias se reúnen en torno a una comida ritual conocida como Seder. En el Seder se relatan los eventos del Éxodo utilizando la Hagadá, un libro tradicional que guía la ceremonia paso a paso.

Durante el Pésaj, está prohibido consumir alimentos fermentados (llamados "jametz"), siendo común el consumo del matzá (pan ácimo), que simboliza la prisa del pueblo judío al salir de Egipto. Además, la celebración incluye diversos símbolos y rituales, tales como el consumo de hierbas amargas que recuerdan la dureza de la esclavitud, o el vino, que simboliza la alegría y la liberación.

Este video ofrece una visión clara y precisa de qué es el Pésaj, cuáles son sus orígenes históricos, las prácticas y rituales más importantes, así como su relevancia actual para la comunidad judía alrededor del mundo.

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Transcript
00:00Have you ever wondered what Passover is all about?
00:14Passover, or Pesach in Hebrew, is a vibrant and deeply meaningful Jewish holiday celebrated every spring, commemorating freedom and resilience.
00:25The story of Passover is rooted deeply in the ancient narrative of the Exodus, described in the Torah and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
00:37The story of Passover is rooted deeply in ancient Egypt, dating back approximately 3,300 years.
00:44The Israelites, initially welcomed, were gradually enslaved by Pharaoh due to fears over their growing numbers and strength.
00:51Moses, chosen by God, was tasked with confronting Pharaoh to demand freedom for the Israelites.
00:58Pharaoh's refusals led to ten plagues, from blood in the Nile to darkness and the death of Egypt's firstborn.
01:06The Israelites marked their doors with lamb's blood, and the plague passed over them.
01:11Hence, Passover, Pesach in Hebrew.
01:15Pharaoh let them go, but soon gave chase.
01:18According to the biblical narrative, the Israelites reached the Red Sea while being pursued by Pharaoh's army.
01:27The account describes Moses raising his staff, causing the waters to part so the people could cross on dry ground.
01:34When the Egyptian army followed, the waters closed in, drowning them.
01:38While this story remains central in Jewish tradition, historians and archaeologists have not found definitive evidence confirming the event.
01:47Some scholars believe it may reflect a localized escape or natural event later viewed through a religious lens.
01:56Central to Passover celebrations is the Seder meal, an elaborate gathering featuring symbolic foods.
02:04Each item on the Seder plate carries deep meaning.
02:07Matzah, the unleavened bread, symbolizes haste.
02:12Bitter herbs represent the bitterness of slavery.
02:15And Sharose recalls the mortar used by slaves.
02:20Families worldwide gather around the Seder table, retelling the Exodus story and reaffirming their heritage.
02:27The historicity of the Exodus account has long been debated.
02:34While there is little direct archaeological evidence confirming a mass Israelite exodus from Egypt,
02:39many scholars believe the story may reflect collective memories of smaller migration or escape events during the Late Bronze Age, circa 1200 BCE.
02:49Passover is thus both a religious commemoration and a cultural reflection on liberation from oppression.
02:59Regardless of historical details, it has played a vital role in shaping Jewish identity, particularly in times of exile and persecution.
03:09The festival has also inspired broader civil rights movements, most notably the African American struggle for freedom in the United States,
03:16which has drawn parallels to the Exodus story.

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