関口宏の一番新しい江戸時代 2025年3月29日 「王政復古」江戸時代の終焉
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00:30Yoshinobu Satsuma and the Tobaku faction were at the center of the movement.
00:36The day that Yoshinobu Satsuma told the court about the constitution,
00:41the Tobaku faction led by Tomomura Iwakura, the leader of the Tobaku faction,
00:46went down to Choshu, Satsuma.
00:51However, the next day, Yoshinobu Satsuma's constitution was recognized,
00:55and the Edo government was overthrown.
00:58Satsuma and the Tobaku faction lost their right to fight.
01:04And this time, a new government was born with the new Tobaku faction.
01:09Finally, the Edo period came to an end.
01:14On December 9th, 1903,
01:17the Tobaku faction led by Tomomura Iwakura married the new Tobaku faction.
01:23What happened to this coup d'etat, which was carried out inside and outside of the five prefectures?
01:32On January 3rd, 1904,
01:35the Battle of Fushimi broke out, and the Battle of Boshin began.
01:40Why did the civil war between the old Tobaku faction and the new government break out?
01:45At that time, Yoshinobu escaped from his base in Osaka Castle and went to Edo.
01:51The new government also went to Edo.
01:54They were planning a full-scale attack on Edo Castle.
01:59However, the day before the planned attack,
02:03the attack was canceled by Katsukai and Saigo Takamori's talks,
02:08and the venue of Edo Castle was decided without fighting.
02:11What kind of negotiations did Katsukai and Saigo Takamori make to make the venue of Edo Castle?
02:18Let's get started.
02:21Sekiguchi Hiroshi's Newest Edo Period
02:25The Newest Edo Period has finally come to an end.
02:30We've been together for a long time, but it's finally over.
02:35Now, what kind of ending will it be?
02:38From KO3 to KO4, from 1867 to 1868,
02:44the end of the Edo Period of the Reconstruction of Edo.
02:48First, the Tobaku faction, that is, the movement of the new government.
02:53On December 9, they issued a grand decree of reconstruction,
02:57and declared the establishment of a new government.
02:59On December 12, Yoshinobu left for Osaka from Kyoto.
03:05And on the 25th, the Yakiuchi Incident of the Satsuma Court in Edo took place.
03:12On January 3, when the new year began,
03:15the battle between the Tobaku faction and the Shimizu faction began.
03:19It was a war between the two factions.
03:21On January 6, Yoshinobu escaped from Osaka to Edo.
03:27It was in February.
03:29The Kansai Army attacked Yoshinobu's headquarters.
03:33In other words, they were going to attack Edo from today.
03:37On February 12, Yoshinobu was arrested in Ueno, Kansai,
03:43and was sentenced to death.
03:45On February 12, Yoshinobu was sentenced to death in Ueno, Kansai.
03:51And on March 14, he and Takamori Saigo
03:56held a meeting to decide on the establishment of a new government.
04:01On March 14, the Meiji Emperor issued a decree of reconstruction of the Goka Castle.
04:10And on September 8, the Meiji Emperor issued a decree of reconstruction of the Goka Castle.
04:19The Tobaku faction established a new government,
04:23and the new government was declared independent.
04:27The new government was established in and outside the Goka Castle.
04:32First, let's see what happened outside the Goka Castle.
04:37The Tobaku faction, which lost the right to fight in the war,
04:43decided to establish a new government.
04:46Outside the Goka Castle, at 9 a.m.,
04:50under the command of Takamori Saigo,
04:53the soldiers of Satsuma, Owari, Echizen, and Geishu
04:58occupied 9 gates of the Goka Castle and 9 areas.
05:03They occupied the gate in the white area.
05:11The Aizu faction withdrew to Nijo Castle without resistance.
05:20It is said that the Aizu faction was in a state of dismay
05:25because the Aizu faction had no new job.
05:28But the Aizu faction had no reason to resist.
05:30The Aizu faction was in a state of dismay.
05:33They could see the situation.
05:36The Kuwana faction, which guarded the 9 gates of the Goka Castle,
05:40was surprised and withdrew.
05:43The Tobaku faction closed all the gates.
05:48What happened inside the Goka Castle?
05:52At the same time as the Goka Castle was closed,
05:54the Aizu faction withdrew.
05:58In exchange, the Iwakura and Tomomi
06:02cleaned up the ruins of the Iwakura and Tomomi
06:05and took the box containing the memorial documents for the restoration of the Edo period.
06:09The three Iwakura members,
06:12Kugyo, Nakamikado, and Tsuneyuki,
06:16Nakayama Tadayasu,
06:20who was the grandfather of Meiji Emperor,
06:24decided to hold a meeting
06:28to discuss the restoration of the Edo period.
06:33And they held a meeting
06:37at the Kogosho, a large square in the Iwakura.
06:41At the Kogosho,
06:44Iwakura Tomomi, Satsuma, and Tosa,
06:48representatives of the Yuhan, and Kuge of the Tobaku faction,
06:51decided to hold a meeting to discuss the restoration of the Edo period.
06:56After that, they moved to the Gakumonjo, where Meiji Emperor was.
07:01There, the restoration of the Edo period was announced.
07:06What was it about?
07:10Meiji Emperor was 16 years old at that time.
07:14Meiji Emperor told him to do his best for the sake of his country.
07:20And right after that, a great memorial was held.
07:26It was about the restoration of the Edo period.
07:30It was about the spirit of the founding of the country of Emperor Jinmu
07:34and the establishment of a new generation.
07:38It was about the removal of the head of the Yoshinobu Shogunate,
07:41the abolition of the Kyoto Shogoshoku and the Kyoto Shoshidai,
07:47the abolition of the Bakufu system,
07:50and the abolition of the Seikan system in the Imperial Court.
07:55The new government established three groups,
07:58the Sosai, the Gijo, and the Sanyo.
08:01The Bakufu was abolished,
08:03and the new government was established under the Emperor.
08:07I think this was the last turning point of the Meiji period.
08:15Before this, many people had come up with new forms of government
08:22and proposed them to various people.
08:25Among them, there were a number of people who came up with the idea
08:30that the Emperor should be a symbol of the Emperor,
08:33and there were a number of people who came up with the idea of the Emperor.
08:37So it was possible to go in that direction.
08:40But in the end, it didn't happen, and the country was restored.
08:44That's why the modern Japan was born after the Meiji period.
08:49It was the day of separation.
08:52Mr. Wakui, what do you think?
08:54I think the Emperor himself was quite determined in this.
08:59The reason is that he abolished the Seikan system,
09:04which had existed for 1,000 years.
09:07I don't think this is a simple matter.
09:12It's a matter of listening to various opinions.
09:16It's a reform in which various people participate in the political affairs of the Imperial Court.
09:22This is what the text says, but it's actually a huge change.
09:29So it's not just a matter of listening to various opinions.
09:33That's right.
09:35It's a result of various discussions.
09:38So it's a result of the accumulation of various sacrifices, including the sacrifice of life and death,
09:43and the accumulation of the wisdom of the predecessors.
09:48I think we should take history very seriously.
10:08The New Government was born on the night of the Great Reconstruction.
10:12Next, a meeting to decide on the new governor of Tokugawa Yoshinobu will be held.
10:17What will be the result?
10:21At 6 p.m., the New Government will hold its first three-legged meeting.
10:27The participants are the Emperor Meiji,
10:30Arisugawa Nomiya, Taruhito Shinnō, Ninnaji Nomiya,
10:35Yoshiaki Shinnō, Kōzoku, Nakayama, Tadayasu,
10:39Matsudaira Shungaku, Yamaguchi Yōdō,
10:43Iwakura Tomomi, Okubo Toshimichi, Saigo Takamori, and Yūhan Hanshun.
10:50The meeting will be divided into three parts,
10:53and the members of the Tokugawa-Yōgo faction,
10:58including Yamaguchi Yōdō, Matsudaira Shungaku, and Yoshinobu,
11:03will all agree to the addition of Yoshinobu to the New Government.
11:07However, the members of the Okubo-Toshimichi-Tōbaku faction
11:11will not allow Yoshinobu to stay in the New Government for a long time.
11:15In other words, they will impose strict restrictions on Yoshinobu
11:18and will not allow Yoshinobu to stay in the New Government for a long time.
11:25At midnight, the discussion will come to a close.
11:30In the continuation, Satsuma Hanshi, who was worried about the outcome of the meeting,
11:36will consult with Saigo.
11:39Saigo will say,
11:40If there is a single sword, isn't it a matter of tidying up?
11:45Please tell Iwakura.
11:48If that atmosphere is transmitted,
11:51Yamaguchi Yōdō will be informed by the silence of the Tōbaku faction.
11:57This is just a word.
12:00It's not that we're going to fight here.
12:04When I hear such words,
12:06I think, Oh, this is bad.
12:09It's about the Tōbaku faction.
12:12I don't know what to do.
12:14I think that's how it was conveyed.
12:17I think it was a bit of a threat.
12:20At around 2 a.m., the meeting ended.
12:23The decision was made to order Yoshinobu to stay in the New Government for a long time.
12:27In other words, the opinion was turned to the strict side.
12:31The soldiers of the old Shogunate, who learned of the whereabouts of the meeting,
12:36began to gather at Nijo Castle.
12:39Then, Yoshinobu escaped from Nijo Castle and went to Osaka Castle.
12:45It is also said that it was to avoid conflict with the New Government.
12:50On the other hand, there was a movement of Yoshinobu's sword in the court.
12:55Why is that?
12:57Why?
13:00The Tokugawa-Yōgo faction revolted in the court.
13:05Yoshinobu, who had won the Taisei Hōkan, was highly regarded.
13:10Even in the long term, Yoshinobu's elimination was too much.
13:13There were opinions like that, and the Yōgo faction revolted.
13:17Is this common?
13:19During the 260 years, the imperial court and the Tokugawa family,
13:23or the Tokugawa family in particular,
13:27have a strong blood relationship with their wives and children.
13:34At the same time, the Tokugawa family has helped the Tokugawa family financially.
13:39So, naturally, the Tokugawa family has a strong relationship with the Tokugawa family.
13:46And the Tokugawa family has fulfilled the duties of the imperial court.
13:50I think it's natural for such opinions to come out.
13:53In fact, it may be more of a common sense.
13:56Furthermore, between the Kuge family and the Tokugawa family,
13:59there was Iwakura, who had a low position in the court.
14:05Iwakura's position was still low at the time.
14:08So, the Tokugawa family's rebellion was strengthened by the Tokugawa family's leadership.
14:11Yoshinobu returned to Japan before Yoshinobu's resignation was approved by the new government.
14:22Yoshinobu claimed the right to lead the country.
14:27On December 16th, Yoshinobu went to Osaka.
14:31He met with the teachers of the six countries of the UK, France, America, Holland, Prussia, and Italy.
14:37Yoshinobu said that he still had the right to lead the country.
14:41Did Yoshinobu say that he would not obey the Tokugawa family?
14:48At that time, it was not yet decided what the right to lead the country would be.
14:53The new government hadn't decided that yet, had it?
14:56At that time, Yoshinobu had no choice but to leave the country.
15:04At that time, Yoshinobu couldn't negotiate with the Tokugawa family.
15:13So, Yoshinobu said that he wouldn't obey the Tokugawa family's decision.
15:19It was also approved by each country.
15:21Yes, it was.
15:23The Tokugawa family decided that Yoshinobu would return to Japan
15:28if Yoshinobu left the new government alone.
15:38In Edo, a murder trial was held.
15:43It is said that Takamori Saigo was involved in the crime.
15:48What kind of murder was it?
15:53Takamori Saigo was involved in the murder trial.
15:58He was convicted of murder in Satsuma, Edo.
16:01About 500 people were arrested and sent to Kyunosuke, Masumitsu.
16:07The Tokugawa family formed a gang,
16:11plundered money from the government,
16:15and started a riot.
16:19The Tokugawa family provoked the Bakufu family.
16:23What was their intention?
16:25The Tokugawa family might have tried to suppress the riot
16:30because the Bakufu family was involved in it.
16:34So the Tokugawa family wanted to start a war against the Bakufu family.
16:39I see.
16:41On December 25th,
16:43the Tokugawa family attacked Satsuma, Edo,
16:46where about 1,000 people were arrested and sent to Kyunosuke, Masumitsu.
16:5664 of the Tokugawa family members were killed.
17:00112 people were arrested.
17:04Saigo, who was on the other side of the incident,
17:09said,
17:11The Tokugawa family's reputation was ruined.
17:14The Tokugawa family was finally able to move forward.
17:18As he said,
17:20Saigo was carrying out his plan.
17:24On the other hand,
17:26when the Tokugawa family heard about the incident,
17:30they shouted,
17:31Satsuma, Tobatsu!
17:34Yoshinobu couldn't contain his excitement.
17:38Finally, the old Bakufu and the new government collided.
17:42A war of self-defense began.
17:48The old Bakufu army, which had declared Satsuma,
17:52marched to Kyoto.
17:54About 15,000 soldiers of the old Bakufu army,
17:59Bakufu, Chokkatsu, Aizu, and Kuwana
18:03signed a petition to kill Satsuma.
18:08With this petition,
18:10the Tokugawa family landed in Yoshinobu
18:13and demanded that Satsuma's third son be executed.
18:16The Tokugawa family arrived at Yodo Castle,
18:19where Satsuma's body was buried.
18:20The Tokugawa family tried to use military force.
18:25In the petition,
18:28the Tokugawa family stated that
18:30the incident was caused by the conspiracy of Satsuma's officials.
18:35The Tokugawa family ordered the Tokugawa family
18:38to hand Satsuma over to the Tokugawa family.
18:40If the Tokugawa family did not agree,
18:43Satsuma was to be executed.
18:46The Tokugawa family ordered the Tokugawa family
18:49not to touch the Satsuma family.
18:53The Tokugawa family signed a petition to kill Satsuma.
19:00This is also a complicated story.
19:03What is this?
19:05This is a consistent attitude of the Tokugawa family.
19:08The head of the Bakufu army,
19:11who thought of the Bakuhan system,
19:13was a comrade of the Tokugawa family.
19:15The Tokugawa family thought that
19:17the Tokugawa family should not cause internal strife
19:20between the Tokugawa family and the Tokugawa family.
19:23This is the only way.
19:26I see.
19:28On January 3,
19:31Iwakura Okubo led the Tokugawa family
19:35to retreat from the Bakufu army.
19:38If the Tokugawa family did not accept the Tokugawa family,
19:41the Tokugawa family was to be executed as a super enemy.
19:45What will happen to the Tokugawa family?
19:48The battle between the old Bakufu army and the new government
19:51is about to begin.
19:53The battle between the old Bakufu army and the new government
19:56is about to begin.
19:59What kind of battle will take place
20:02between the old Bakufu army and the new government?
20:05First of all, what happened to the old Bakufu army?
20:09There were about 15,000 Tokugawa soldiers
20:12and 15,000 Soutoku soldiers.
20:15Soutoku was Masatada Okouchi,
20:18the head of the old Tokugawa family.
20:21And the new government mainly had
20:245,000 Satsuma Choshu soldiers.
20:2715,000 against 5,000.
20:30So, in terms of numbers,
20:32the old Bakufu army was the dominant force.
20:35But this is not the case.
20:37Why?
20:39Let me explain a little more.
20:40The main force that led the Aizahan soldiers
20:43went to Fushimi Kaido.
20:46The Kuwana soldiers went to
20:49Toba Kaido.
20:52On the way, the Toba soldiers
20:55fought against the Satsuma army
20:58that was trying to stop them from entering Kyoto.
21:01At 5 p.m., the Satsuma army fired a cannon
21:04to signal the start of the war.
21:07In Fushimi,
21:10the Aizahan soldiers,
21:13who had joined the Choshu army
21:16and the old Fushimi Bugyo Shoyashiki,
21:19launched a naval battle.
21:22The day after the battle,
21:25the new government sent
21:28Ninna Jinomiya and Yoshiaki Shino
21:31to defend the two armies.
21:34This led to the new government
21:37joining the old Bakufu army.
21:40The old Bakufu army
21:43was defeated.
21:46The new government
21:49has experienced many wars.
21:52The new government
21:55has experienced many wars.
21:58The new government
22:01has modernized its equipment.
22:04The new government
22:07has adopted guerrilla tactics.
22:10The new government
22:13has adopted guerrilla tactics.
22:16The new government
22:19had the same strategy.
22:22This is how the old government
22:25was built.
22:28The new government
22:31was physically weak.
22:34The new government
22:37was physically weak.
22:40I don't think it's about attacking. I think it's more about defending the old bomb shelter.
22:46We have to protect it. We don't intend to attack it.
22:50That's why we have to defend it, or else the Iteni army will come out.
22:58And so, the old bomb shelter was to be dispatched.
23:04Yoshinobu Tokugawa returned to Edo from Osaka in the midst of a fierce battle.
23:12Why did Yoshinobu, who was supposed to be the general-general, leave Osaka and return to Edo?
23:20Yoshinobu decided to return to Edo by the dispatch of the old bomb shelter.
23:27Around 10 p.m. on January 6, Yoshinobu left Osaka secretly,
23:32following Aizahanshu Matsudaira Katamori and Kuanahanshu Matsudaira Sada Akira,
23:37and on the 7th, Yoshinobu left for Edo on the 8th,
23:42and on the 9th, Yoshinobu boarded the ship of the shogunate, Kaiyomaru,
23:47which was on its way to Osaka.
23:51On the 8th, he left for Edo.
23:54Four days later, Yoshinobu and his entourage entered Nishinomaru, Edo Castle.
24:00But Yoshinobu's decision was a win-win.
24:03The respect for the shogunate remained in Yoshinobu's genes for a long time.
24:14The word standard is used to refer to the emperor.
24:17It's not a standard for the new government.
24:20That's not possible.
24:22So it has nothing to do with the fact that Nishiki no Mihata came out.
24:27On the other hand, the new government officially announced Yoshinobu's retirement.
24:32The shogunate decided to attack Edo and headed east.
24:38Then, on February 12, Yoshinobu showed the will of the shogunate,
24:43and moved from Edo Castle to Ueno Kan'eji and got married.
24:49What does Ueno Kan'eji mean?
24:52In Kan'eji, there is a person called Kogenho Shinno,
24:59who has been the son of the emperor since the Tokugawa Shogunate was established.
25:04He is like a hostage from Kyoto.
25:07He has been staying in Ueno Kan'eji for a long time.
25:12Therefore, it is very meaningful that Yoshinobu chose Ueno Kan'eji as the standard house.
25:22After this, Katsu Kaishu was entrusted with Yoshinobu's retirement.
25:32The city of Edo and Yoshinobu's shogunate were entrusted to Katsu Kaishu.
25:37How did Katsu respond?
25:41At this time, Katsu Kaishu was entrusted with Yoshinobu's retirement.
25:51Katsu Kaishu was entrusted with the mission of removing Yoshinobu,
25:55leaving the Tokugawa family, and protecting Edo from the war.
26:00However, the French teacher, Roche, who had supported the shogunate,
26:05advocated for a close relationship with the imperial army.
26:10Katsu Kaishu advocated for a peaceful solution.
26:14He negotiated with the British teacher, Parkes, to restore the relationship.
26:19Katsu Kaishu vowed to put an end to the total attack on Edo Castle.
26:28After this, Katsu Kaishu started to move towards the Edo Castle's secret meeting.
26:35He was trying to cover up for a week.
26:37I see.
26:39Katsu Kaishu was prepared for a counterattack from the new government.
26:44He was prepared for a small-scale operation to burn down the city of Edo.
26:49He also planned to cooperate with Hikeshi and evacuate the residents.
26:55On the other hand, the imperial army's total attack on Edo Castle was approaching.
27:01The imperial army, led by Tokaido, Tosan, and Hokuriku,
27:06approached Edo Castle.
27:09On March 5, Tokaido's army entered Sunpu.
27:15On the 6th, the total attack on Edo Castle was decided on March 15.
27:24Katsu Kaishu entrusted a pre-negotiation with Yamaoka Tesshu,
27:30who was guarding Yoshinobu Castle.
27:33Tesshu was the predecessor of Shinsengumi,
27:38a group of old men who came to Edo Castle.
27:43Tesshu served as a messenger for Shinsengumi.
27:47During the Meiji era, Tesshu served as the emperor's personal guard.
27:52Yamaoka met with Takamori Saigo at Sunpu.
27:56From Saigo, he was offered a condition of surrender.
28:01He was entrusted with a pre-negotiation with Tokugawa family.
28:05Tokugawa entrusted Yoshinobu's body to Okayama in the pre-negotiation period.
28:12In reality, he was to be buried there.
28:17He was to hand over Edo Castle.
28:21He was to hand over all weapons and warships.
28:24He was to ask for a complete disarmament.
28:28He was to be confined to Mukojima.
28:34These were the unconditional conditions of surrender.
28:39Tesshu Yamaoka was a famous person at the time.
28:43He was one of the Sanshu of Bakumatsu.
28:46Sanshu?
28:47Takahashi Reishu, Katsukai Shu, and Tesshu Yamaoka.
28:51So he had a ship.
28:53He was a famous person.
28:56Of course, he knew Saigo.
29:00I think he had a good reputation for sending such a person to his place.
29:06I see.
29:08Many of those people took action in the midst of the full-scale attack by the imperial army.
29:17He was sent to Kugyo-ra, where his uncle, Kazunomiya of the Seikan-in-no-miya,
29:23the aunt of the Meiji Emperor,
29:27was buried.
29:30Also, Tesshu Yamaoka,
29:33the daughter of Shimazu Nariakira, whom Takamori respected,
29:37was to return to Satsuma from Tokugawa Kashin
29:42and refused to say that he wished for the Tokugawa family to survive.
29:48Finally, he sent a letter to Takamori.
29:52The Tokugawa family's survival is more important than my own life.
29:56As long as I am a member of the Tokugawa family,
29:59I am prepared to become the land of the Tokugawa family.
30:03There is nothing else I can ask for.
30:06Please, in exchange for my life,
30:09I ask that the Tokugawa family's survival be granted.
30:14That's what he said.
30:16I think that the feelings of these two people
30:19really symbolize the existence of women in the Edo period.
30:25First of all, if you go to a wedding,
30:28you play a role as a member of the family.
30:32To play a social role,
30:35you have to live a proper life as a human being.
30:38I've been taught that since I was a child.
30:41The Edo period was a perfect role-playing society.
30:45That has become commonplace and internalized.
30:48So, rather than being forced by someone,
30:51I have lived with the feeling that I live like this as a human being.
30:57That's one thing.
30:59Another thing is that there are many women.
31:02For many women, it is a kind of management job.
31:05In other words, as the top of the women,
31:08there are about 1,000 women.
31:11They have to raise them properly.
31:14These two people are very worried about the fate of these women.
31:20They take care of various jobs for those in trouble.
31:23They take care of the bride.
31:26They somehow help everyone.
31:29The relationship with women is very deep.
31:32It is a kind of woman's management job.
31:35It is a kind of woman's relationship.
31:38I think there is a very deep relationship.
31:41That's what's in this work.
31:44You sent this short story to Takamori.
31:47This may also have an impact on the last thought.
31:53It's one of the things I want to do.
31:56I want to fill it up.
31:59The final meeting of Takamori Saigo and Katsu Kaishu
32:02will decide the final meeting of the Edo castle.
32:06What kind of negotiations were there between the two?
32:11On March 14, the final meeting of Takamori Saigo and Katsu Kaishu
32:16will decide the final meeting of the Edo castle.
32:20On March 13, one day before that,
32:23two days before the attack on the Edo castle,
32:26Takamori Saigo entered the Tatsuma Peninsula in Takanawa, Edo.
32:30Katsu Kaishu visited him and had a meeting with him.
32:36It was the first time in three and a half years.
32:39Katsu said,
32:41Even if there is a war,
32:44we will not take the lives of the members of the Seikai,
32:47Kazunomiya, Tenshouin, and Atsuhime hostage.
32:52He assured his safety.
32:55After that, they had a chat.
32:58The next day, they had a meeting.
33:01He said,
33:03This is the end of the first meeting.
33:06If you look at the history,
33:08I will take it as if the Edo castle reception was held.
33:12But there was a first meeting.
33:14They had a meeting.
33:16They had a meeting here.
33:19And on the same day,
33:21It is said that the last meeting was held between
33:24the British scholar Perks in Yokohama and Saigo.
33:27Perks said,
33:29Even though Yoshinobu is in a stable position,
33:31it is against humanity to subdue him.
33:33He strongly opposed the attack on the Edo castle.
33:37He warned that the British and French troops would be dispatched
33:41for distance protection if the front was opened.
33:45In addition, he expressed that he would cooperate
33:48if Yoshinobu asked for a defense.
33:51Saigo, who received this report,
33:53said that he was confused.
33:55Of course, he didn't think about it.
33:57I see.
33:59Is that what foreigners think?
34:02And on March 14th,
34:05a day before the attack on the Edo castle,
34:08Perks visited the Satsuma court again.
34:13Perks said that
34:15Saigo showed a generous amendment
34:18to the disposal plan he had shown earlier.
34:22And he insisted on it.
34:24Also, Perks said that
34:26if the request was not accepted,
34:28he would show a thorough resolution
34:30not to resist forcefully.
34:34By the way, Mr. Katsukai
34:36was ready to negotiate every day.
34:38He disposed of Bakufu's warship in the Shinagawa bay.
34:41He said that if the front was opened,
34:43he would support the attack on the Edo castle at once.
34:47He also proposed a plan to evacuate Yoshinobu to the British fleet.
34:55So, I feel like it was decided in one word.
34:59They are talking about various things.
35:01They are talking about various things behind their backs.
35:06This is a picture of their imagination.
35:09This is a strange picture.
35:12Mr. Katsukai is sitting on the god's seat.
35:16This is Tokonoma.
35:18Mr. Saigo is sitting on the shimodana.
35:20I think it symbolizes how much Mr. Katsukai
35:23respected Mr. Saigo.
35:25I don't think so.
35:28Maybe it was the opposite.
35:30Maybe Mr. Katsukai talked to Mr. Tokonoma
35:33while standing side by side
35:35without deciding the god's seat.
35:37I think this is very subtle.
35:40I think it was decided on the basis of
35:43the fact that Mr. Katsukai
35:46and Mr. Tokonoma
35:49decided to investigate each other
35:52with their stomachs,
35:54hiding what was so tense that
35:57they could cut each other's hands.
35:59As a result of the meeting,
36:01Mr. Saigo accepted Tokugawa Shobun's proposal
36:04and ordered the end of the Edo castle attack
36:07to the new government.
36:09This is where the Edo castle
36:11was decided to be abolished.
36:14And on April 11,
36:16the Edo castle was handed over
36:19to the new government.
36:22Yoshinobu Tokugawa was banned from Mito.
36:25The Tokugawa family was succeeded by
36:286-year-old Kamenosuke Tayasu
36:31and later Iesato Tokugawa.
36:34The Tokugawa family was given 700,000 land.
36:41On the same day as the decision to
36:44abolish the Edo castle,
36:46Emperor Meiji issued the Goka Castle Declaration.
36:49The Goka Castle Declaration,
36:51the basic policy of the new government,
36:54is called the Tenbu,
36:57the Vow of the Emperor.
37:00The Vow of the Emperor,
37:02or Tenbu,
37:04is shown as a vow to God.
37:07This is the basic policy of the new government.
37:10This is also said to be based on
37:13Sakamoto Ryoma's
37:16Eight Declarations of the New Government.
37:19The content of the declaration is
37:22内容は、「広く会議を開き、すべてのことは皆で話し合って決めるべきである。これが晩期功論に結すべし。」 ということで表されております。
37:37それから、身分の上限にかかわらず、心を一つにして仕事を進めるべきである。官僚、武漢、庶民まで志を実現でき、不満を抱かないようにすることが大切である。
37:52古い悪臭を捨て、普遍的な道理に基づいた行動をするべきである。世界から知識を集め、日本の国を発展させよう。
38:05皆さんもこの考えに基づき、心を一つにして努力してほしい。これが御課長の御説文の中身でございます。
38:15そして江戸幕府は明日ともにここで滅びます。時代は明治へと移り変わってまいります。
38:24江戸は7月に東京と改められ、9月には京王から明治という改元を行い、10月に明治天皇が江戸城にやってきて、ここで江戸時代が終わったと言ってもいいですか?
38:44はい、終わりましたね。
38:47終わってもまだ戦っている人たちがご了覚までありますからね。
38:54ですから形の上ではまだ残されたエネルギーがあちらこちらで火がついていたという事実はあったんでしょうね。
39:05そうですね。
39:07さあ、1年で260年の江戸を振り返ってまいりました。
39:15枠井さんから伺いましょうか。江戸時代というのはどうですか?
39:19私、江戸時代とこのおしまいの部分って共通したことがあると思うんですね。
39:25それは徳川家康がオンリー・エド・ゴング・ジョードという旗を掲げて戦いました。
39:35戦国時代にね。
39:37家康という人は非常に残虐な地獄を見ているわけです。
39:41だからジョードの気球、天国のような気球がすごく大きかった。
39:47したがって自分の人生ということだけではなくてですね。
39:51ある種大きな世界観を持っていて歴史を俯瞰する力があったんだろうと思うんですね。
39:57それが御三家の中に御徒家という非常に変わった役割を担う藩を御三家の中に一つ置いてですね。
40:08どういうふうに歴史が変化しても対応ができるような柔らかな仕組みを仕掛けたんだろうと思うんです。
40:16それが一体何かといったら、要するに井岡さんがずっといつもおっしゃっているように、内乱を起こさない。
40:25もう二度とこの国の中で戦争は起こさない。
40:29これはだから九刑諸法度ですか。武刑諸法度。この効き目が大きいですよね。
40:36そういう形でその権力者のあるべき姿を寄与してきたんだろうと思うんですね。
40:43あわせて天皇制というものに対しても一定のリスペクトをしてきた。
40:49それが世界的な大動乱の時代、世界がどんどん返しをするような混乱した時代の中でも、
41:02結果としては日本を守ったことにつながっていったんじゃないかな。
41:05結果的にそうなったんですよね。
41:08そういうやっぱりことなんではないかと。
41:11したがってここから学べることは江戸時代というのが260年間平和であったこと。
41:19平和であるがゆえに生み出された文化や技術やあるいは発想、
41:25そういうものが今の我々を支えているんだということをしっかり考える必要があるんじゃないかなという気がします。
41:33日本人らしさみたいなものは、我々の考える日本人らしさみたいなものは、
41:38この頃にできているのかもしれない。
41:40そうかもしれないなというふうに思いますね。
41:43それはやっぱり地獄というところから見た天国のありようみたいなものが、
41:49その後ろ側にはあるんじゃないかという気がいたしますね。
41:52横瀬理科のですね。
41:54言語浄土。戦争しない国家の仕組みを作って、
41:58同時にそれが誰でもが学問できる国家の仕組みにもなったんですね。
42:04家康は印刷技術を取り入れて、とにかく本を作る、教科書を作る。
42:10書籍の文化を広めたわけですね。
42:13もう本当に江戸時代はそうなったわけです。
42:16寺子屋もたくさんできて。
42:18そういう戦争しない仕組みというのは、
42:22もちろんいろんなところで犠牲者も出ましたよ。
42:25それはいろんな弾圧もしなきゃならないとかね。
42:28いろんなことがあったと思うんだけれども、
42:30しかしとにかくそれをやると決断して、徹底的にこれを試した。
42:36ですからどうすればその戦争しない仕組みというのは成り立つのかっていう、
42:41その観点から江戸時代をちゃんと見る必要が改めてあるなというふうに思いました。
42:48それからもう一つはね、海外との関係なんですね。
42:52海外はもう本当にすでにグローバリゼーション、
42:55つまりもう地球の上の海は全部皆さん制覇していて、
43:00どこにでも行かれるような状態に江戸時代にはもうなってました。
43:04だけれども江戸幕府が目指したのは、
43:07その荒波にさらわれないこと。
43:11植民地支配もされない、自分たちもしない。
43:14だけれども国を閉じないということ。
43:18つまり荒波にさらわれないけど荒波は来ます。
43:21だからその雫を使って、雫っていろんな情報です。
43:25ものとか情報を使ってものづくりを発展させる。
43:29このものづくりが人々の生活を支えたんですね。
43:32その布とか紙とかそういう生活必要品とか、
43:35陶磁器だとかそれから漆の巻き絵であるとか、
43:39それが根付けであるとか、庭だとか建築物だとか、
43:43とにかくものづくりという意味ではものすごい時代でした。
43:47ぜひそこには皆さん注目していただきたいんです。
43:50絵画とか浮世絵とか、とにかくすごいものがたくさん生み出されて、
43:55それを技術が支えていたんですね。
43:58新しい技術が次々に生まれてきた。
44:01そういう荒波にさらわれないけれども、
44:04その雫を使ってものづくりをした時代という、
44:07このイメージをぜひ覚えていただいて、
44:11そういう面も見ていただきたいというふうに思っています。
44:15はい、わかりました。
44:18ありがとうございました。
44:20私もいろんなことをこの1年間教えていただいて、
44:25今一つ思うのは、
44:27確かに平和な260年、
44:30これは世界に誇ってもいいかなと思うけど、
44:33最後でもうちょっと早く、
44:36西洋の産業革命的な変化に気づいていれば、
44:42またなんか違う道もあったんじゃないかなって気はちょっとします。
44:46その原因はいろいろ様々だろうと思いますが。
44:50ありがとうございました。長い間。
44:53ありがとうございました。
44:57さて、番組はタイトルが変わります。
45:03次は一番新しい近現代史ということになります。
45:09一旦お休みをいただいて、最終から始まりますが、
45:13番組は日清戦争、日露戦争、第一次世界大戦、
45:17第二次世界大戦へと時系列で持って、
45:20また皆さんに見ていただくことになります。
45:23番組のパートナーといたしましては、
45:26軍事アナリストの小泉優さん、
45:29国際政治学者の岩間陽子さんと
45:32共にお送りすることになります。
45:35引き続きよろしくお願いいたします。