Bienvenido a WatchMojo Español, hoy haremos un recuento de los momentos en la historia de la humanidad o del planeta en los que todo cambió de la noche a la mañana.
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00:00Rome's power and glory have branded themselves on the western imagination forever.
00:17It goes well beyond what was needed in order to declare independence.
00:21It establishes a philosophical basis for a civil democracy.
00:31Cases are now accelerating rapidly.
00:34335 people have died from coronavirus, that's six times more than last week.
01:01In a further effort to contain the spread of the virus, the government also increased testing capacity.
01:07Germany didn't want to make the same mistakes as France or Italy.
01:30Fear, isolation and uncertainty have seriously affected people's mental health.
01:36The world has changed forever, as the virus has reconfigured the way people work, relate and see public health.
02:00Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica represent one of the greatest advances in the history of human knowledge.
02:16They are the foundation of classical mechanics.
02:18Newton revolutionized science and practically invented modern physics to establish the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
02:26For the first time, we had a complete mathematical framework to describe the natural world.
02:39Newton's work unified the heavens and the earth under the same laws.
02:43He was able to explain the planetary movement, tides and the behavior of physical objects on Earth.
02:49He promoted centuries of scientific research in the search for knowledge, from engineering to space exploration.
02:56Its impact can be found everywhere, even beyond science.
03:01Newton defined empiricism based on evidence and influenced in all areas from philosophy to finance.
03:19This war started 1,797 days ago. In a few hours it will be over. The Treaty of Versailles will be signed.
03:29The 20th century was the first to see the rise of international relations.
03:35The Treaty of Versailles put an end to the First World War, completely restructuring the global order.
03:41That single document had profound repercussions for the next 100 years.
03:45It dismantled entire empires and redrew the borders of Europe and the Middle East.
03:50It imposed severe punitive reparations on Germany, which caused decades of economic pain and political instability.
03:57In his despair, resentment turned into anger and intolerance, and they sought comfort in the arms of Adolf Hitler's autocracy.
04:12His aim? Establish a pan-German racial state and abolish the unjust diktat.
04:19Although he intended to guarantee lasting peace, the treaty laid the foundations for an even more costly Second World War.
04:27Its legacy profoundly reconfigured the world political scene well into the 21st century.
04:4117. The Neolithic Revolution.
04:59For thousands of years, the progenitors of modern humanity were nomadic hunters and gatherers.
05:05They lived in small tribes and moved with the resources necessary for their livelihood.
05:10Everything changed around 10,000 B.C. with the Neolithic Revolution.
05:15Our ancestors discovered agriculture and settled for the first time in agricultural communities.
05:30This change allowed the domestication of plants and animals.
05:34Instead of being hungry and desperate animals, humans had surplus.
05:39As they no longer fought just to survive, the population shot up.
05:43And people began to establish permanent settlements.
05:46These were the first foundations to create a system of language, culture, trade and government.
05:53In other words, the Neolithic Revolution is what made civilization as we know it today possible.
06:04From the first crop to the notion of property.
06:11Many scientists claim we're now living in a new geological epoch.
06:16Because long after we're extinct, the scar of our existence will be visible in the sedimentary rocks that form the foundations of a new world.
06:34In an empirically measurable way, they proposed that the scientific community universally adopted the idea that the Earth had entered a new geological era.
06:43In 2024, the International Stratigraphy Commission rejected it.
06:56Even so, the debate has helped scientists around the world recognize the human impact.
07:00From the alteration of atmospheric composition by greenhouse gas emissions to the widespread loss of biodiversity.
07:08Human actions have changed the planet in an unprecedented way in geological history.
07:14The recognition of the Anthropocene has also driven global efforts in the conservation of the environment, sustainability and climate policy.
07:31Number 15. Invention of the assembly line.
07:45It could be said that the assembly line was invented in 1901.
07:49But Henry Ford put it into practice in 1913 and provoked a world revolution in manufacturing by speeding up production processes.
07:56This drastically reduced both the time and the cost of manufacturing the products.
08:01In the middle of the 20th century, the assembly line was the cornerstone of efficient mass production.
08:07Prices fell sharply, which allowed an even greater number of consumers to access the goods.
08:13In 1910, Ford opened the 60-acre Highland Park plant and set up the machinery on the shop floor in the actual sequence of automobile production.
08:43Electronic devices were probably created in an assembly line.
08:55Number 14. The Black Death.
08:57For six months, the Black Death had traveled rapidly through southern England.
09:02Thousands of people were infected with a deadly bacteria spread by rat, fleas and body lice.
09:28The massive mortality caused a great shortage of labor and, ultimately, the disappearance of the feudal system.
09:36Now the peasants had influence in negotiations with their lords.
09:40The riots spread, wages increased and more people had access to the land.
09:58Internationally, the weakening of the states modified the dynamic of power and re-aligned trade routes and alliances.
10:06The collapse of the established orders created the conditions for future Renaissance transformations.
10:12Worldwide, it is estimated that the Black Death killed between 75 and 200 million people, leaving an indelible mark on history.
10:28Not only for them, but for all those close by.
10:32Number 13. The end of the Roman Empire of the West.
10:35This was the beginning of the fall of the Roman Empire.
10:41A great civilization is not conquered from without, until it has destroyed itself from within.
10:49In 476, Rome had been severely weakened by internal decadence, economic problems and the incessant invasions of Germanic tribes such as the Visigoths and the Vandals.
11:00It was impossible to maintain the territory of the empire and it collapsed, marking the end of the dominance of ancient Rome over Europe.
11:20The fall of Rome led to the fragmentation of Western Europe into smaller and belligerent kingdoms, adding to the region in what is usually called the Dark Age.
11:31This vacuum of power also gave rise to the feudal system and the growing influence of the Christian Church, which were the main drivers of medieval European politics.
11:41The fall of Rome had an impact for centuries, deeply affecting law, culture, government, commerce and war.
12:03Number 12. The fall of the Berlin Wall.
12:12In retrospect, the collapse of the Soviet Union was almost inevitable after the death of Leonid Brezhnev.
12:20However, the fall of the Berlin Wall, seven years later, was the symbol of that collapse.
12:25It represented the end of the division established by the Cold War between East and West.
12:30For almost three decades, the wall had been erected as a physical and ideological barrier between the communist East Berlin and the capitalist West Berlin.
12:41It was a border crossing that was normally only for West Berliners and federal citizens in the other direction, namely in the direction of East Berlin.
12:48It is certain that this border crossing was opened in the other direction today.
12:53Its demolition accelerated the inevitable dissolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communist regimes throughout Eastern Europe.
13:02As a result of this change, a new world order was established, dominated by liberal democracies and free market economies.
13:09But later, the authoritarianism of China and Russia also gained ground in developing nations and economies.
13:26Number 11. The asteroid that changed everything.
13:40The reign of millions of years of dinosaurs came to a sudden and violent end about 66 million years ago.
13:47The accepted theory is that a catastrophic asteroid impacted near present-day Yucatan, Mexico,
13:52and caused massive fires, tsunamis and a nuclear winter effect that blocked sunlight and drastically altered the climate.
14:00It is estimated that the resulting massive extinction ended with almost 75% of the animal species on Earth.
14:10Not water, but scorching hot rock.
14:16This completely changed the nature of life on Earth, triggering a new era of biodiversity.
14:22The end of dinosaurs opened ecological niches that allowed mammals to flourish and finally dominate.
14:29Primates evolved from those first mammals and humans evolved from those primates as the dominant way of life on Earth.
14:37Only 1% of the force traveled down into the ground, but it's enough to ring the planet like a bell.
14:47The unthinkable happened today. The World Trade Center, both towers, gone.
14:52The attacks of September 11 against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon radically changed geopolitics forever.
14:59After the end of the Cold War, the West had assumed the complacency of the rise of the 90s.
15:05A renowned philosopher called that time the end of history, but it was not for long.
15:10The United States and its allies did not take long to invade Afghanistan.
15:21A smaller coalition continued with another invasion of Iraq, and then decades of conflict and agitation that are still present.
15:28September 11 had repercussions both in individual lives and in the collective history of the world.
15:35Protect the American people from harm. And some presidents don't need to worry about that, and some do.
15:42And it turns out I was one that did.
15:44Number 9. The Holocaust.
15:46Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
15:50I saw they were at Auschwitz.
15:52The doors opened. Terror hit us immediately.
15:55In the modern era, in which it is estimated that one in five young Americans does not believe in the Holocaust, this statement is still true.
16:03We've seen entertainers like Kanye West share anti-Semitic tropes.
16:06Even former President Trump had dinner with a prominent Holocaust denier.
16:11The Holocaust during the Second World War was the monstrous systematic persecution sponsored by the German state
16:17and the mass murder of millions of Jewish people, as well as other groups that the Nazis took as their objective.
16:23Hitler ordered the rounding up of Jews, as well as other groups he hated, including gay people, Roma gypsies, and people with disabilities.
16:31He taught the world that ignoring human rights violations has terrible consequences.
16:36The UN approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, after the war.
16:42Number 8. The Great Depression.
16:44In 1929, the fall of the Wall Street Stock Exchange spread the economic contagion around the world.
16:50Wherever you looked, boys and girls, men and women, were wondering what was ever going to happen to them.
16:58The Great Depression was a time of major changes for the world.
17:01The widespread economic suffering and hunger led people to rethink the role of the government in their lives.
17:17Some, like the United States with the New Deal, resorted to various government welfare systems.
17:23It was recognized that governments had the responsibility to create a social security network.
17:28Other countries were seduced by totalitarianism and fascism.
17:32They used force and terror to rebuild their empires.
17:36This tension between authoritarianism and egalitarianism continues to define geopolitics in the 21st century.
17:43Number 7. The US Revolution.
17:53We are free people. We can vote for who we want to have in charge.
17:57When the British colonies in the world rebelled and achieved independence,
18:01it was one of the first cases of a colonial nation that defeated its mother country.
18:06A new time for humankind, which is that we can be free and that we can make decisions for ourselves.
18:14What is even more important, the newly formed United States
18:18revived an old form of government as a democratic republic in a world of empires.
18:23The United States represented a hard blow to the mysticism of aristocrats, emperors, kings and despots.
18:29Although American democracy was and continues to be very flawed,
18:34it was one of the first modern examples of government for and for the people.
18:49It inspired a similar revolution in France and represented a beacon of hope for oppressed peoples.
18:55Today, civilizations around the world have resorted to republican and parliamentary democracies.
19:00Number 6. The murder of Archduke Fernando II.
19:09It is difficult to imagine that the death of a single man can remodel a whole century.
19:14However, that is exactly what happened when some Serbian nationalists killed the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
19:21The crime triggered a series of alliances and dragged the world into war.
19:37The Great War changed the map of Europe and the world in countless ways.
19:41For decades, the aftermath of the First World War also contributed enormously to the Second,
19:47which plunged the planet and caused tens of millions of deaths.
20:02After the Second Great War, the European empires fell.
20:05For the first time in centuries, the world entered a period of decolonization and self-government.
20:11Number 5. Columbus discovers America.
20:21The era of exploration began with the invention of ships that could cross oceans and circumnavigate the globe.
20:27In 1492, Cristóbal Colón, an Italian commissioned by the Spaniards, discovered, in quotation marks, the New World.
20:44The European discovery of two new Western continents radically changed the course of human history.
20:51Dozens of indigenous civilizations ended up falling due to diseases, conquest wars and European persecutions.
20:59They were replaced by French, English, Spanish and Portuguese colonies.
21:04They extracted wealth and over the centuries they formed and grew countries such as Mexico, the United States, Canada and Brazil.
21:11Number 4. The launch of the Sputnik.
21:21Less than half a century after the Wright brothers invented the plane, humanity began to bring objects into space.
21:28When the Soviet Union put its Sputnik satellite into orbit, the eyes of the world looked up at the stars.
21:35Sputnik's technology was primitive, a rudimentary sphere with a simple radio transmitter that beeped.
22:05Satellite surveillance and positioning are key elements for the collection of information and military campaigns.
22:12Precise meteorological forecast depends on satellite surveillance and the data of these devices is used even for crop management.
22:35Number 3. Gutenberg's printing press.
22:45The press was a radical change in the evolution of technology and human thought.
22:50For most of the history of humanity, the word written was a luxury for the elite.
22:55The press and mass production changed things.
22:58Glittering proof that a new information age was dawning in Europe.
23:29For the next 500 years, his method of printing was used to make books everywhere.
23:35His was the machine that made us.
23:40The internet and the information age it sparked has created a seismic shift that completely changed how we live and communicate.
23:58India can chat by video in real time with someone in London.
24:01Students from South Africa can connect with their Chinese counterparts through social networks.
24:07The world is smaller and faster than 50 years ago and international business is now carried out at the speed of thought.
24:15Political movements have become globalized.
24:18Though it has become completely ubiquitous, few saw the internet coming and no one could have predicted its impact.
24:43All while connection speeds ramp up exponentially.
24:47The question now becomes, what could possibly be next?
25:06After explaining the similarities he saw between electricity and lightning, including the color, crooked formation and crackling sound, he was the first to suggest an experiment to prove a connection.
25:17An American student who learned as a child, Ben Franklin was a scientist as well as a founding father.
25:23In 1752, a comet flew during a storm and showed that lightning was made of electricity.
25:38Despite what they usually think, technically he did not discover electricity in 1752.
25:44He had already been part of scientific experiments for thousands of years.
25:48However, his was fundamental to understand the nature of electricity and use its power.
26:02At the end of the 19th century, light bulbs and electricity spread in everyday life.
26:08Today, electricity is the engine of modern society.
26:12Hey, do you know any other historical event that has changed the world?
26:16Do not hesitate to leave a comment.
26:22Do not miss these other videos of WatchMojo Español.