Si la Pangée ne s'était jamais disloquée, la vie sur Terre serait complètement différente. Pour commencer, il y aurait un seul supercontinent gigantesque, donc pas de continents séparés comme nous en avons actuellement—imaginez pouvoir conduire de ce qui est maintenant l'Afrique jusqu'à l'Amérique du Sud ! Le climat serait également extrême, avec un énorme désert sec au centre car la pluie ne pourrait pas atteindre une si grande distance à l'intérieur des terres. Les animaux et les plantes auraient évolué différemment, car ils ne seraient pas séparés par des océans, ce qui signifie que nous pourrions ne même pas reconnaître certaines des espèces actuelles. Les êtres humains pourraient s'être développés au sein d'une seule communauté gigantesque au lieu de se disperser à travers le monde de différentes manières. C'est amusant à imaginer, mais on peut dire avec certitude que le monde serait un endroit totalement méconnaissable ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Between 2 and 300 million years ago, all continents were interconnected and formed a single, and even continental mass.
00:09Over time, they separated and formed the continents that we know today.
00:14This giant terrestrial mass was called the Pangea, and the Earth had a very different aspect at the time.
00:19Hence the following question, what would our life look like if this separation had never taken place? Let's find out.
00:27In simple terms, tectonic plates are large pieces of the outer envelope of the Earth.
00:32Our planet is like a puzzle of continental mass, and its plates are its pieces.
00:38The Earth is incredibly hot inside, its heat influences the rocky soil located above the core.
00:44The slightly melted rocks float above an ocean of burning magma.
00:49This movement creates tectonic plates.
00:52They move all the time, but very slowly, so we don't notice it.
00:58This movement shapes the surface of the Earth, influences its climate and the evolution of life for millions of years.
01:05For example, when two plates collide with each other, one can pass under the other.
01:10They can also slide next to each other.
01:13Sometimes they also move apart.
01:16All these movements are at the origin of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
01:21And when the plates push against each other, the Earth can rise, and this creates mountains.
01:28Thus, the great mountain ranges of our planet, like the Himalayas,
01:32were formed because tectonic plates came into contact in these regions.
01:37The problem with the Pangea is that with a supercontinent, the tectonic plates are all together and do not move much.
01:44They only move slightly, unlike what is happening today.
01:48Therefore, if the Pangea had remained intact for billions of years, our world would be completely different.
01:55For example, there would not be many mountain ranges.
01:58We would not have the Alps, the Himalayas or the Andes.
02:02What a nightmare for ski lovers!
02:05But there is something positive in all this.
02:07Without the drift of the continents, there would also be far fewer disasters.
02:11Earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions would be rare and much less violent, or even non-existent.
02:20On the other hand, hurricanes would continue to exist.
02:24And they could be of incredible strength.
02:28The Pangea being a huge mass of land, the rest of the world would be made up of east-west waters.
02:35And the hurricanes would slide on this surface, meeting no obstacles and gaining in intensity.
02:41Thus, at the time of our arrival, these hurricanes would be of extreme violence and there would be huge tornadoes.
02:48They would occur regularly.
02:51If you lived in the eastern Pangea, you would be condemned.
02:55The arrangement of the continents also influences the way the oceans move and the weather.
03:01With the Pangea, the climate would be very different from one end of the planet to the other.
03:05The environment of our supercontinent would be very strange.
03:09In the middle, we would have a huge dry desert.
03:12But there would also be dense and fresh tropical forests along the borders of this desert.
03:18Why?
03:19Because the Pangea would be so massive that the rain from the ocean would never reach the interior of the land sufficiently.
03:25It would only fall on the edges of the continent.
03:28Some parts of the land would therefore not be very conducive to anything.
03:33The rain and water would erode the land, flattening the hills and causing incessant landslides.
03:39In the end, the Pangea could even shrink and disappear under the water.
03:44Closer to the continental edges, the climate would be softer or tropical.
03:49In the north, it would be warmer than today.
03:52Finally, we would have a certain understanding of the seasons, but we would not know that the higher we get, the more difficult it is to breathe.
04:01How would all this affect living beings?
04:04It would be terrible.
04:06The Pangea would be harmful to the diversity of life on Earth.
04:10History shows that the separation of lands has been very important for life.
04:14This is one of the reasons why new species have appeared.
04:19For example, Madagascar, an island that separated from the Pangea, has been isolated for millions of years.
04:25This explains that there are many plants and many unique animals in the world.
04:30Fewer isolated lands, another example is Australia, means a much more homogeneous fauna and flora.
04:37There would also be the question of climate.
04:40Almost all of the interior Pangea would be hot and dry, but there would still be a certain diversity.
04:45In some environments, animals would be unable to adapt.
04:48Dinosaurs, for example, would be quite comfortable in this type of climate.
04:53This is even one of the reasons why dinosaurs prospered when the world was only a large continental mass, long before the arrival of mammals.
05:01This climate would also favor the development of aquatic and amphibian creatures, and they would be more diversified and larger.
05:09In short, the Pangea would be, without a doubt, an extremely dangerous world for man.
05:15Keeping all this in mind, let's finally see how humanity would behave, assuming that we have survived and evolved.
05:21First of all, where would your country be located?
05:24In theory, you could take a car trip from Brazil to Canada, because it would be part of the same large continental mass.
05:32North America would be here, and Europe just to the east.
05:36Most of Asia would be in the north, and Antarctica in the south.
05:41Australia would still be in the middle of nowhere.
05:44Antarctica would be closer to us than Australia.
05:48All this while assuming that countries remain unchanged.
05:52And good news!
05:54Our modern countries might not even exist.
05:57Would that really be a good thing?
05:59In fact, the borders of our countries would be completely different, and the world would be more united and more peaceful.
06:05Or not.
06:06We'll see.
06:08First, we would form tribes.
06:11But as we would share all the land, we would have to make compromises.
06:14We could not all live only on the coast or in the interior regions.
06:18Each tribe would therefore probably get a portion of the territory,
06:22and everyone would find themselves in the middle to solve problems or conclude trade agreements.
06:27As the tribes grew, people would move to new areas,
06:31separated by deserts and forests, and would form new nations.
06:35The era of hunter-gatherers would not last long, because there would be fewer animals and plants.
06:40By hunting, we would probably eliminate all the great creatures in a blink of an eye.
06:46Except for those we could possibly domesticate.
06:49Imagine having dinosaurs as pets.
06:52But the whole supercontinent would quickly enter the agricultural era,
06:56because whatever technologies we would discover, we would immediately share them with each other.
07:02The main difference would be that, during the period of exploration,
07:06there would only be small isolated islands to discover.
07:09Travel and trade would be much easier.
07:12Cultures would be less distant from each other than in our current world.
07:17For example, the Amerindian culture is very different from the culture of the Pacific islands,
07:22because they have been separated by the sea for a very long time.
07:27But on the Pangaea, cultures would form a continuous line from north to south.
07:32This means that people would all be very close to each other.
07:36And that's not all. We would also look a lot more like today.
07:40As the Earth would be, as it is now, inclined on its axis,
07:43there would be low temperatures in the north and south.
07:46Thus, some people would have white skin and blond hair.
07:50But in general, the differences would be less striking.
07:53In the central part, where the sun would shine all the time,
07:57most people would still have dark or tanned skin.
08:00As a result, we would recognize each other as real citizens of the world, as earthlings.
08:06Unfortunately, we would probably not be as fascinated by technological progress as we are today.
08:13All the lands would already be known,
08:15and there would be little chance that we would have great explorers.
08:19The weather would generally be pleasant, cultures would behave well,
08:23and our neighbors would be, let's hope, peaceful.
08:26As a result, we would be content with what we would have.
08:29We would be satisfied with our science and our rudimentary tools.
08:34Of course, as we are naturally curious creatures,
08:38we would still make progress, but it would be very slow.
08:44Life might be boring, but there would also be great advantages.
08:49We would be more united and less bellicose.
08:52Maybe in such a world, we would learn to treat each other with more kindness and love.
08:59It's a beautiful dream.